altholat-alkimiaiia-almqrona-baltfaalat-hmdh-qaada-aldrs-1

Telechargé par ben tennyson
1


10



41


Transformations associées aux réactions acide base en solution aqueuse
I autoprotolyse 1 
H2O/HO-

H3O+/H2O

H3O+
HO-



H2O/HO-
 H2O(l) HO-(aq) + H+
H3O+/H2O H2O(l) + H+ H3O+(aq)


2  1

2H2O(l)  H3O+(aq) + HO-(aq)


(mol)

0
0
0
55,6

x
x
x
55,6 2x

xéq
xéq
xéq
55,6 2xéq

<<1H3O+
HO-

2H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + HO-(aq)
2
Ke = [H3O+]éq . [HO-]éq
3 

Ke



pKe
Ke = 10-pKe pKe = - log Ke
25°CpKe = 14 Ke = 10-14
4  
[H3O+]éq > [HO-]éq
[H3O+]éq ([H3O+]éq)2 > Ke
log([H3O+]éq)2 > log Ke
-log([H3O+]éq)2 < - log Ke
-log[H3O+]éq < - (1/2) log Ke
 <


[H3O+]éq < [HO-]éq
 >


 [H3O+]éq [HO-]éq
 =

pH0.014.025°C
5 1

1 25°C(SA)pH = 3,2[HO-]pH
 2 25°C(SB)4,3.10-4mol/L
pH
3
=[]é. [+]é
[]é
KA=[A]éq.[H3O+]éq
[HA]éq


logKA=log(Aéq.H3O+éq
HAéq)

pKA=logH3O+éqlog(Aéq
HAéq)
=(é
é) =+(é
é)

1 Ke = [H3O+].[HO-]
=
[+]

=


=
 =
,=,./
2 pH = - log([H3O+])Ke = [H3O+].[HO-]
+=
[]
 =
[]=
,.=,
II  1 
HA/A-

HA(aq) + H2O(l) A-(aq) + H3O+(aq)

HA/A-
KA


AH/A-

pKA
KA = 10-pKA pKA = - log KA
 2 pHpkA
HA/A-
3 
H3O+(aq)/H2O(l)
H3O+(aq) + H2O(l) H2O(l) + H3O+(aq)

=[+]é
[+]é=
pKA=0
H2O(l)/HO-(aq)
H2O(l) + H2O(l) HO-(aq) + H3O+(aq)
 = [+]é. []é=

25°C
KA=10-14


pKA=14 4 
AH2/A-2 , AH1/A-1

1AH1 + H2O A-1 + H3O+
 =[
]é.[+]é
[]é
2AH2 + H2O A-2 + H3O+
 =[
]é.[+]é
[]é
4
5 2

(Na+(aq)+CH3COO-(aq))(NH4+(aq)+Cl-(aq)) 1 CH3COO-(aq)
NH4+(aq)
2 
25°CpKA2(CH3CO2H/CH3COO-)=4,75 ; pKA1(NH4+/NH3)=9,2

1 NH4+(aq) + CH3COO-(aq) NH3(aq) + CH3CO2H(aq)
2 = ()=(,,)=,.
III  1  2

AH + H2O A- + H3O+


(mol)

0
0
0

CV

x
x
x

CV - x

xéq
xéq
xéq

CV - xéq
AH1/A-1
AH2/A-2

AH1 + A-2 AH2 + A-1
=[
]é.[]é
[
]é.[]é
[+]é
 =[
]é.[]é.[+]é
[
]é.[]é.[+]é

=[
]é.[+]é
[]é×[]é
[
]é.[+]é=×
=
=

= ()
5


pH
KA
pKA
 2  3

A- + H2O AH + HO-


(mol)

0
0
0

CV

x
x
x

CV - x

xéq
xéq
xéq

CV - xéq
1 / 10 100%
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