collaboration in the Holocaust.10 Pohl’s work, however, relied almost exclusively on
German and OUN documents, without much consultation of victim testimony. As a
result, he was not able to arrive at a clearer picture of the nationalists as perpetrators.
The Ukrainian historian Ivan Patryliak, although sympathetic to the nationalists,
in his study of 2004 identified the OUN militia as the most likely perpetrator of the
pogroms and other anti-Jewish violence that encompassed Western Ukraine in the
summer of 1941.11 The involvement of both OUN and its armed forces, UPA, in the
murder of Jews was documented, although not at great length, in Franziska Bruder’s
monograph on OUN of 2007.12 Crucial was her use of contemporary testimony. In the
last few years, Karel Berkhoff,13 Marco Carynnyk,14 Christof Mick,15 John-Paul Himka,16
10 Dieter Pohl, "Ukrainische Hilfskräfte beim Mord an den Juden," in Die Täter der
Shoah: Fanatische Nationalsozialisten oder ganz normale Deutsche, ed. Gerhard Paul
(Göttingen: Wallstein, 2002), 205-36. Dieter Pohl, “Anti-Jewish Pogroms in Western
Ukraine – A Research Agenda,” in Shared History – Divided Memory: Jews and Others
in Soviet-Occupied Poland, 1939-1941, ed. Elazar Barkan, Elizabeth A. Cole, and Kai
Struve (Leipzig: Leipziger Universitätsverlag, 2007), 305-13.
11 I.K. Patryliak, Viis’kova diial’nist OUN (B) u 1940-1942 rokakh (Kyiv: Kyivs’kyi
natsional’nyi universytet imeni Tarasa Shevchenka Instytut istorii Ukrainy NAN
Ukrainy, 2004), 232, 333-34, 350, 364.
12 Franziska Bruder, “Den ukrainischen Staat erkämpfen oder sterben!” Die
Organisation Ukrainischer Nationalisten (OUN) 1929-1948 (Berlin: Metropol, 2007),
145-48, 218-19.
13 Karel C. Berkhoff and Marco Carynnyk, "The Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists
and Its Attitude toward Germans and Jews: Iaroslav Stets'ko's 1941 Zhyttiepys," Harvard
Ukrainian Studies 23, no. 3-4 (1999):149-84. There is a failed attempt to rebut the latter
documentary publication: Taras Hunczak, “Problems of Historiography: History and Its
Sources,” Harvard Ukrainian Studies 25, no. 1-2 (2001): 129-42. The problems with
Hunczak’s arguments are explained in Kurylo and Himka, “Iak OUN stavylasia do
ievreiv?” 253. Karel C. Berkhoff, “Dina Pronicheva’s Story of Surviving the Babi Yar
Massacre: German, Jewish, Soviet, Russian, and Ukrainian Records,” in The Shoah in
Ukraine: History, Testimony, Memorialization, ed. Ray Brandon and Wendy Lower
(Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2008), 303.
14 Marco Carynnyk [Marko Tsarynnyk], “Zolochiv movchyt’,” Krytyka 9.10 (2005): 14-
17.Marco Carynnyk, “Foes of Our Rebirth: Ukrainian Nationalist Discussions about
Jews, 1929-1947,” Nationalities Papers, forthcoming.
15 Christoph Mick, “Incompatible Experiences: Poles, Ukrainians and Jews in Lviv under
Soviet and German Occupation, 1939-44,” Journal of Contemporary History 46, no. 2
(2011): 346-51.
16 John-Paul Himka, Ukrainians, Jews and the Holocaust: Divergent Memories
(Saskatoon: Heritage Press, 2009). John-Paul Himka, “The Ukrainian Insurgent Army
and the Holocaust,” American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies,
Boston, 12-15 November 2009. John-Paul Himka, “The Lviv Pogrom of 1941,” Annual
Convention of the Association for the Study of Nationalities, New York, 14-16 April
2011. Many more relevant papers and articles are available on the site academia.edu.