The first Angevin kings
Introduction: during the period of the norman and plantagenet (descendants of the house of anjoue)
kings of England was comprehensively involved in continental affairs. Concretely, these kings tried by
marriage and force (fighting wars) to consolidate and increase their kingdoms and their lands in France.
They even claimed the French throne.
Henry II
→ He is on the fourth line of the family tree.
► Indications about those who was on the throne between him: Rufus the Red (William the Second).
►Why Rufus the Red?
Because he’s remembered as someone very angry. As a king, he employed all the power to secure wealth.
He never married, and as a consequence he has no children, which means no ere. He died in 1100 while
hunting, he was struck in the eye by an arrow. We don’t really know whether is was an accident or
whether he was murdered by his brother who wanted the throne (Henry I). Henry I was nicked name
Henry Beaucler, because he had the reputation to be a fine scholar. He reined for 35 years, and again he
focused on expanding royal. During his reign, and especially in the final years of his reign, he was at war
with France, which had attacked Normandy. He raised his nephew Stephen (the son of his sister), and
liked him very much and passed the throne on to him. Stephen 1135. His problem is that he failed to
keep law and order, there were rebellions against the king. One of them joined by his cousin
Mathilda(Henry I’s daughter, who wanted the throne) and civil war ensued (followed). A compromise
was reached, Stephen would rule until his death and then the throne will pass on Mathilda’s son.
Mathilda’s son was Henry II.
Henry II 1154-1189, England ruled over half of France. He was the first king in the house of Plantagenet.
His father was Geoffrey Anjou (originally French), he inherited vast lands from his father in the Western
France (Anjou and the mane region). He was also the son of William the Conquer’s grand-daughter. That
wasn’t all, he married Eleanor of Aquitaine. As his husband, he held Aquitaine and Gascony: he had a
great part of France from all his relatives. All in all, he reigned over Brittany (Bretagne), Mane (le Maine),
Poitou, Anjou, la Tourelle, Gascony, Normandy, Aquitaine, and of course England. His territory was a vast
one. He was a warrior king. He was determined to maintain his rights in all his lands. He had the
reputation of being never still (always on the move, and very effective). He was keen to dominate the
church and to extend his power. In this field, he’s remembered for the murder of Thomas Beckett, the
arch bishop who defended the rights and privileges of the Church. Thomas Beckett at first had been the
king best friend, secretary and chancellor (minister des finances), but of course friendship wasn’t taken
into account. Nevertheless, we can say that Henry II improved government, created a capable
bureaucracy and again strengthened his position. At the end of his reign, there were succession
problems, which were really frequent.