1 Graduation Design Proposal - first try

Graduation Design (Thesis) Proposal
Project Title: Design of Multi-layer Steel Structure Office & Teaching
Complex Building
Student Name: KISALU NZUNDU DAVID
Class：20159041 Student Number: 2015904102
Major: Civil Engineering
Supervisor: Li Kun
Marking teacher:
Completion date 2019 / 05 / 31

10 1
Design of Multi-layer Steel Structure Office & Teaching
Complex Building
Student name：KISALU NZUNDU DAVID
Guidance teacher：LI KUN
（College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China Three Gorges University）
1 Topic Source
This topic is Multi-layer Steel Structure Office & Teaching Complex Building
Subject: Steel structures
2 Purpose and Significance of the Research
2.1 The Future
Steel structures represent, on a larger scale, a significant part of the future of structures in
general, but also of civil engineering in particular.
The steel being a highly versatile material, which has proven itself in the field of
construction by making itself almost indispensable, is a must-have, whose various properties
both in tension and in compression, in stiffness, in ductility, make of This alloy "the" material
of the present and future of the field of structures.
Given that our field of research is steel in civil engineering, it is much more of this aspect
that we will talk through this research. Gaining experience in this field-civil
engineering-opens up perspectives on the future of the engineering community in general, and
that of the engineer in charge, in particular.
2.2 Steel for a teaching building
The Teaching buildings (school, university) are important urban structures, which can
shelter a large number of people, being subject to large loads, both static and dynamic, the
stakes are therefore important when it comes to Design.
Since concrete has been proven to be associated with steel, capable of withstanding large
loads, but with the disadvantage of being extremely cumbersome and cumbersome, it is
therefore normal to turn to the lighter steel frames, easily maneuverable, with a certain
advantage in terms of construction time, and not necessarily more expensive if we know how
to evaluate the costs.
So, it seems normal to opt for steel, the main objective of the research being to design a
building of teachings. Some constraints are eliminated compared to concrete, for which two
materials are to be treated (concrete combined with steel), while in the context of our research,
we mainly treat only steel, including concrete for some members only (wall, pavement...)
2.3 Purpose and Significance
The aim and importance of this project is based mainly on a goal to bring about, why not

10 2
significant, the discipline of civil engineering, to one of these most innovative areas in terms
of technology, having experienced a rise in recent years.
We will try personally through this research, to gain in maturity and experience. This
experience at the pace of internship will give us another perspective on discipline, and more
specifically on design, which is a significant part of our job.
3 Research Status and Development Trend at Home and Abroad
3.1 At home: Democratic Republic of Congo
The use of steel structures in the Congo is rather oriented towards a particular area:
factories and plants.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo being a country particularly rich in raw materials,
more specifically in ores of all kinds, has quickly seen an emergence of steel structures for
several years, steel being the preferred material When it comes to the construction of mining
plants and ore processing.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is the world's largest producer of cobalt
ore, and a major producer of copper and diamonds. The latter come from Kasai province in
the west. By far the largest mines in the DRC are located in southern Katanga province
(formerly Shaba), and are highly mechanized, with a capacity of several million tons per year
of copper and cobalt ore, and refining capability for metal ore. The DRC is the second-largest
diamond-producing nation in the world, and artisanal and small-scale miners account for most
of its production. (Wikipedia)
By 2015, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) supplied 60% of world cobalt
production, 32,000 tons at $20,000 to $26,000 per ton.
The Democratic Republic of Congo is widely considered one of the world's richest
countries in natural resources; its untapped deposits of raw minerals are estimated to be worth
in excess of US$24 trillion. The Congo has 70% of the world's Coltan, a third of its Cobalt,
more than 30% of its diamond reserves, and a tenth of its copper.
Based on what is already known about the mining situation in the Congo, one understands
immediately why steel structures are a necessary asset in the second largest country in Africa.
We will therefore try to give a better perspective through the examples below:
The projects and details on the various industrial exploitation structures in the Congo
being extremely difficult to obtain due to the often confidential nature, we propose to discover
in the first time the bridge of Matadi:
3.1.1 Introduction
The Matadi Bridge Project is based on the agreement between Japan and the Republic of
Zaire, and the construction order was placed by OEBK (Organisation pour l'Equipement de
Banana-Kinshasa), Zaire Government. In the bid opened in November 1978, the Japanese
Consortium (C-IHI) received Orders for all construction works including the superstructure
and substructure of the bridge and the access road. The construction is (was) currently under
way in the suburbs of Matadi City (Fig. 1).

10 3
3.1.2 Project requirements
The Matadi Bridge is a double-deck type Suspension bridge used both as railway and
roadway. The upper deck is used as a 2-lane road for the present, and will be expanded to be 4
lanes in the future by adding foot walks on the outer sides. A Single-track railway will be laid
on the lower deck, which will be put into practical use after the railway routes on land are
constructed.
The loadings and allowable stresses for the structure are based on the Zaire Standards in
the Contracted Technical Specifications, while the design details are due to the Japanese
Standards concerned.
The design live loads are as follows: Roadway: Uniform load 340kg/m2 Line load
1200kg/m Trailer load As per Zaire Standards T-32 (32-ton trailer) Railway: Wheel load As
per Zaire Standards C-3 (Locomotive axle load 18 ton, wagon axle load 20 ton) Uniform load
7.4 ton/m (maximum loaded length 295m) 70 percent of the railway load should be used
when fatigue effect due to running of trains is taken into account.
3.1.3 Type of bridge
At the beginning, four types of structures, namely (1) Suspension bridge, (2) cable-stayed
bridge, (3) arch bridge and (4) cantilever truss bridge, were compared. After the types (3) and
(4) had been rejected mainly for economic reasons, a detailed comparative study of the types
(1) and (2) were made with particular emphasis on the study of long span railway bridge. As
far as the fatigue of cable is concerned, the Suspension type is advantageous because the dead
load stress is always dominant in cable tension. On the other hand, the members of stiffening
truss of a Suspension bridge are subjected to greater stress Variation due to the live load.
Furthermore, the bending moment on the Supports at the towers will be large in the present
bridge. After careful investigation, it was found that these shortcomings would be solved by
the use of appropriate erection method and the adjustment of side span length. The stability of
the bridge against wind during and after the construction was also studied. Thus, the
comprehensive studies both in technical and economic aspects resulted in the adoption of the
Suspension bridge.
More details included in the project review by Ito, Yachida and Narude, the Japanese
engineers in charge.

10 4
3.2 Abroad
Recent developments in the practical utilization of cold-formed sections in building
construction have taken place on three related fronts. There have been significant
developments in the technology which result in more complex shapes with a higher yield
stress so that cold-formed sections represent a particularly high-tech form of constructional
steelwork. Developments in technology would be of little consequence unless there were
parallel developments in practical applications and this is illustrated by the continual increase
in the market share of cold-formed sections. This, in turn, makes demands on design