+963949673259 :English Letters : - :Capital Letters A O B P C Q D R E S F T G U H V I W / J X K Y L Z :Small Letters a o b p c q d r e s f t .Vowel Letters ( g u h b I w ) M N / j x k y l z m A,E,I,O,U .Consonant Letters n - :Numbers of English : / 0 Zero 1 One 2 Two 3 Three 4 Four 5 Five 6 Six 7 Seven 8 Eight 9 Nine 10 Ten : / 11 Eleven 12 Twelve 13 Thirteen 14 Fourteen 15 Fifteen 16 Sixteen 17 Seventeen 18 Eighteen 19 Nineteen : / 20 Twenty 30 Thirty 40 Forty 50 Fifty 60 Sixty 70 Seventy 80 Eighty 90 Ninety 100 Hundred 1000 Thousand 1000000 Million : / 1st First 2nd Second 3rd Third 4th Fourth 5th Fifth 6th Sixth 7th Seventh 8th Eighth 9th Ninth 10th Tenth 11th Eleventh 12th Twelfth 13th Thirteenth 14th Fourteenth 15th Fifteenth 20th Twentieth 30th Thirtieth 40th Fortieth 50th Fiftieth 51st Fifth First 62nd Sixth Second 83rd Eighth Third 100th Hundredth 1000th Thousandth 1000000th Millionth - Last : / : ( Twenty six : 26 Thirty seven : 37 Forty three : 43 Fifty five : 55 Sixty one : 61 Seventy four : 74 Eighty two : 82 Ninety eight : 98 : ( One hundred thirty one : 131 Nine hundred eight : 908 Three hundred twelve : 312 Five hundred eleven : 511 : ( One thousand two hundred thirty five Three thousand five hundred twelve Fourteen thousand three hundred five : 1235 : 3512 : 14305 : 651345 Six hundred fifty one thousand three hundred forty five : 2453212 Two million four hundred fifty three thousand two hundred twelve :English Nouns Ali : ) book apple .(America school Syria Anas ." " ."the" : house - Ahmed .( . : . ) : - - .(school , the school) : school : , the school : ."a , an" " " an a an a . an apple , a school : " sugar water : . - a , an ." I drink a water. I drink water. . school à schools : . - "s" bus , fly : : % bus à buss , fly à flys : buses , flies " " . a , an - I bought a toys. I bought toys. :English Verbs : .V3 " " - V2 " " - V1 " " Present V1 - Past V2 - Past Participle V3. - ." " : - :Regular Verbs ( :" " play - played - played ."ed" ( Irregular Verbs :" " " " . eat - ate - eaten drink - drank - drunk " " : :Past . : / . - "ed" .Regular Verbs Love , Cry : Love à Loveed , Cry à Cryed : Loved , Cried " " % :Present : play . " / " .sit eat drink :Imperative drink : play . " / " sit eat :-s . :"ss" "s" "ch" "sh" bus à buses : : - "-s" - "z" .-es -s - "o" do à does : .-es -s : Photo à Photos , Video à Videos , Kilo à Kilos , Piano à Pianos : - "y" worry à worries : .-ies y Harry à Harrys : -s :-ing : . come à coming : - "e" .-ing e -ing : be à being + .run à running : ." - "-ing" + " .-ing - -ing -ing :-ed "-ed" - . use à used : : study à studied : + ." stop à stopped : : . :"e" .-ed e -ed - "y" .-ied y + " .-ed : - -ed -ing -ed "y" - "w" -ed play à played : . : . Subject + " : Verb.1 + Object " . Object : He is smart. " The pen is there. : : It She .s I He " - ". ". : - : - "s" They We You . . - . ."the apple" : . : "eat" "Ali" . Ali eats the apple. ."Ali ."football" : . : " eat : : s . : "play" ( "They" : : . They play football. ."They ."in street" ( : " play ( : "play" ." The cats play in a street. " " "water" "The cats" : " : " ." The cats play in the street. ." s " play s ß : "drink" : "He" : He drinks water. .a ."He " drink : . s water ( Verb.1 " Drink the water. . Be sure of that. Be careful. . . + - " . Eat lunch. : Object : . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . Give it to me. . Give me the pen . You go. . . Do what you want. : Do eat lunch. Do drink the water. Do be careful. ." " Do Do not (Don't) . : : "Ahmed" "a hero" : is à He , She , It , are à You , We , They , am à I ." " was , were : " " is , are , am : : Ahmed is a hero. "Ahmed " " : ." : " " : is " " : - He is à He's , She is à She's , It is à It's Ali is à Ali's , Omar is à Omar's : You are à You're , They are à They're , We are à We're I am à I'm : . (You are/You're) careless. The cats are beautiful. . The (cat is/cat's) beautiful. . (He is/He's) smart. . (She is/She's) smart. . (We are/We're) smart. . (They are/They're) smart . . (It is/It's) lazy. / " (I am/I'm) busy. "cats " cats're / cats are . "smart , busy , lazy , beautiful , careless" ." . " " a :o'clock :British Language / X:30 half past X ( 9:30 half past nine o'clock. 12:30 half past twelve o'clock. X:15 quarter past X ( 11:15 quarter past eleven o'clock. 22:15 quarter past twenty two "ten" o'clock. X:45 quarter to X ( 15:45 quarter to fifteen "three" o'clock. 21:45 quarter to twenty one "nine" o'clock. . ( 10:32 ten and thirty two o'clock. 14:05 fourteen and five o'clock. :American Language 10:15 9:30 20:45 / : ten and fifteen o'clock. nine and thirty o'clock. twenty and forty five o'clock. "" : - and Ahmed and Ali. He and she are smart. . " " are - :Date Century : Month : Week : Day : : Saturday , Sunday Wednesday " ." " " 1999 2000 1631 :AH , Monday , Thursday , Tuesday , , Friday . nineteen-ninety nine twenty-zero zero sixteen-thirty one " " :AD 2/5/1320AD two/five/thirteen-twenty AD 3/12/1401AH three/twelve/fourteen-one AH th 7 century 1st century - - - : - . :(-our / -or) arbour arbor armour armor behaviour behavior colour color endeavour endeavor favour favor fervour fervor glamour glamor harbour harbor honour honor humour humor labour labor neighbour neighbor odour odor parlour parlor rancour rancor rumour rumor saviour savior splendour splendor / vapour vapor vigour vigor :(-re / -er) centre center fibre fiber metre meter piastre piaster sombre somber theatre theater :(-logue / -log) catalogue catalog dialogue dialog monologue monolog prologue prolog : traveller traveler counsellor counselor jeweller jeweler / / / worshipper worshiper kidnapper kidnaper :(-ce / -se) defence defense licence license offence offense pretence pretense / : apartment flat cheque check film movie grey gray holiday vacation moustache mustache petrol gasoline plough plow programme program pyjamas pajamas sulphur sulfur tyre tire waggon wagon / +963949673259 :Personal Pronouns : . :Nominative / ." " . I Capital Letter - I . I play football. . I am a hero. ." " We . We play football. . We are heroes. ." " You . . You play football. . . You are a hero. . . . . You are heroes. . . ." " He . He plays football. . He is a hero. ." " She . She plays football. . She is a hero. ." " It . It plays football. . . It is a hero. . ." " They . They play football. . . . . They are heroes. . :Objective . ." / " me . She tells me everything. He goes with me. ." . " us . She tells us everything. . He knows us. ." " you . She prefers to go with you. . ." " him . " her I know him. ." . I know her. ." " it . I read it. ." " I know them good. them . : Ià , He à , She à , We à ( , They à . It is your turn. . He , him ( . She , her ( He is my dog. . She is my cat. . She , her ." " It . Who is there? It is a milkman. . It It is my brother who told me. . It The baby is crying, it is hungry. . It is a hot day. I me You you He him She her It it We us You you They them ( ( :Possessive Pronouns . - : . This is my house. . This is your house. . This is his house. . This is her house. . This is its house. ." " This is our house. . This is their house. . This house is mine. . This house is yours. . This house is his. . This house is hers. . This house is its. ." " This house is ours. . This house is theirs. . . - "of" I went to the cinema with a friend of mine. . I went to the cinema with my friend. : . . - 's . This is Ali's house. - ' : This is boys' house. . .-es -s :Reflexive Pronouns .-self myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself herself itself themselves . She hurt herself in the garden. . He talks to himself. " " :Demonstrative Pronouns : . ." : - / " This . This is a table. ." " That . That is my brother. . These books are yours. " " These . ." " Those . Those are my friends. : / ." " They " One . They say she will marry a millionaire. ."someone One tells me. OR Someone tells me. . :Interrogative Pronouns : Who? , When? :What? : Which? : Whose? :Relative Pronouns . - . " " who . That man who told me. " " . That man whom I spoke. whom . . " " which . This car which I bought. that who , who , whom , which .whom This man that/whom I can trust. . I talked to Ali who/that went yesterday. . . which This is teem which wear in green is our teem. . which that This is the man that I give the money to. : ( . ( . . ( 1) This man that I can trust. This man that I can trust him. 2) This car which I bought. This car which I bought it. . who whom - +963949673259 :Introduction . :Geoffrey Leech . "-ing" - "-s" musts , musting , to must "-ing" "-s" "be , have , do" . ... He wills go. He will go. ) (–ing –s " He will going. " He will go. ." " will :Auxiliary Verbs : Be : is à He , She , It , . are à You , We , They , am à I. be à ." . " ( . ( . was à I , He , She , It , ( : . were à You , We , They , . : been à I , He , She , It , You , We , They. - be + -ing à being. - were + -s à was. ." :am , is , are " ."... " - . " " / - . ( - (He is/He's) lazy. / ( . (I am/I'm) lazy. (She is/She's) lazy. (It is/It's) lazy. . / (You are/You're) lazy. - - / " " - / (We are/We're) lazy. . - (They are/They're) lazy. . - ." :was , were - " ( " ( ."... . I was here. . He was here. . She was here. . It was here. " " / . You were here. We were here. . They were here. ." - ( " :been " : : . have à I , You , We ,They , . :be " " ." has à He , She , It , / . : had à I , He , She , It , You , We ,They. - ( Have - have + -ing à having. - have + -s à has : has He has à He's , She has à She's , It has à It's , Ali has à Ali's , Omar has à Omar's "have,had" - : I have à I've , You have à You've , We have à We've , They have à They've He had à He'd , She had à She'd , It had à It'd. I had à I'd , You had à You'd , We had à We'd. They had à They'd ." " :has , have ." ( ) ( . . / / " I have friends. . You have friends. . " . We have friends. . They have friends. ." " She has to go. . / " ( "to" . He has to go. . I have to go. You have to go. ( . She has friends. It has to go. - " He has friends. It has friends. - . " . / . We have to go. . They have to go. ." :had - " ." ( " . He had friends. She had friends. . It had friends. ( has , have / . " I had friends. . You had friends. " / . . We had friends. . They had friends. ."owned" . He owned a car. ." " "have to" He had to go. . She had to go. It had to go. . / You had to go. " . . We had to go. They had to go. . " I had to go. . . ( "to" / / : Do : do à I , You , We , They , does à He , She , It , . . : did à I , He , She , It , You , We ,They. : done à I , He , She , It , You , We ,They. - do + -ing à doing. - do + -s à does. :do , does , did ." ." "" - ( " ( " " ( ." . He does seem well. . She does seem well. . . It does seem well. / I do seem well. . We do seem well. . They do seem well. . He does his work well. She does her work well. " " / . You do seem well. ." ( " . . ( . It does its work well. / " I do his my well. . You do your work well. " / . . We do our well. . They do their well. : Will : will à I , He , She , It , You , We , They. : would à I , He , She , It , You , We , They. " ." "" " :will " " ." ." - ( " :would ( " Future in the past ( " Conditional Clauses . Would you lend me your pen? " ( " : Shall : shall à I , He , She , It , You , We , They. : should à I , He , She , It , You , We , They. I , We " " shall :shall - ( will . :should . ( . The government should lower taxes. . - ( should + have + V.3 . You should have posted those letters. Why didn't you do? . He should have been home long ago. Where is he? : May : may à I , He , She , It , You , We , They. : might à I , He , She , It , You , We , They. :may "can " May/Can I come in? ." " " - ". ( ( . The news may be true. . It may rain tomorrow. . may + have + V.3 . He may have dead. . He may have been ill. . may + be + V-ing He may be coming to school on foot. . . :might ( ( - : Can : can à I , He , She , It , You , We , They. : could à I , He , She , It , You , We , They. :can ." " ( . He can speak English. . You cannot smoke here. ." - :could " - ( . He could learn English. . ( " ". It could rain tomorrow, but there are no clouds in the sky today. :Conversation . ( " ". : Student: What will I do to improve my English? Teacher: Well, you could try some of these grammar exercises. . ( : " Could you lend me your pen? " . Must :must . You must eat to live. " ". - ( ( : " This mosque is very old. " This mosque must be very old. . ". ". should - must .must = have to ."had to" have to must - have to - must Used to : Subject + used to + Verb.1 .use to + Object :used to . She used to be a teacher. She used to be a teacher. . " ". ( but now she works in news paper. . .Past habit " ". When we were children, we used to play in that playground. ( : .use to used to "didn't" ( "did not" ." " She did not (didn't) use to be a teacher. . used ." She used not to be a teacher. .use to ( "not" " : used to ( "Did" Did she use to be a teacher? . ( used Used she to be a teacher? " . " - can , may , will , must , shall . - " " : : He will can do that. He will be able to do that. ( : ) +963949673259 :Introduction : .Present Tense ( .Past Tense ( .Future Tense ( : .Simple Tense ( .Perfect Tense ( .Continuous (Progressive) Tense ( .Perfect Continuous Tense ( :Present Tense :Present Simple ( / : Subject + Verb.1 " + - Object " : It She He .s : - "s" I They We You . - . He plays the tennis. . I live in New York. : " She plays the tennis. " Water boils at 100 C. ". ( ". :Present Continuous Subject ( . " The earth moves around the sun. ". . / : am + is + are Verb-ing + - Object -ing + .-ing : : - It She He .is They We You .are .am :I - (He is/He's) playing a basketball. . (They are/They're) watching the TV. . : . (She is/She's) watching the TV. I am having lunch. " ". " ". " ". I cannot find a flat, so (I am/I'm) living with my brother. ."be going to will " (They are/They're) traveling on Friday. " ( ". . ( ( - Stative (State) Verbs : like , love need , think realize forget , prefer , imagine , mean , want , believe , understand , suppose appear , hate , hope , sound , know , , seem , smell contain , , remember , see , taste , wish , , be , belong , , ,… : - . He is wanting to buy a new computer. He wants to buy a new computer. . Stative Verbs .Action Verb Action " want - State Verb " " " " " "think" . Verb . I am thinking. :taste This ice cream tastes disgusting . . He is tasting the soup to see if it needs more salt. : : 1) She is working here until Monday. 2) She works here until Monday. ." " 2) He seems very tired. 3) He is seeming very tired. Stative Verbs seem ." " 3) Where is Ahmed? He is cleaning the car. 4) Where is Ahmed? He cleans the car. " " 4) Vegetarians do not eat meat. Vegetarians are not eating meat. ." " :Present Perfect Subject : has + have + Verb.3 " + - Object " : : / It She He .has I They We You .have - . (I have/I've) read the book. . (He has/He's) played football. : Irregular Verbs read - read - read " read " : . ( . " (He has/He's) broken her leg. " (I have/I've) bought a new car. " (She has/She's) gone at home. : : : ". ". : ". . ( since , for . (I have/I've) studied English since I started in a secondary school. .have + just + Verb.3 ( . (I have/I've) won. . (I have/I've) just had a delicious meal. : ( before , already , never several times , ever , once , many times (I have/I've) seen that movie twenty times. . , - times (I have/I've) met him once before. . People have traveled to the moon. . . , yet : . ( 1) (I have/I've) worked here since October. 1) (I am/I'm) working here since October. 1) I work here since October. ." " :Present Perfect Continuous Subject + has + have been + / Verb-ing + : Object - -ing + "since , for" . - .-ing - . (I have/I've) been playing football since two hour. (He has/He's) been playing for an hour. : . ( " ". (I have/I've) been writing a letter since tomorrow. " " ." " "recently , lately" . Recently, (I have/I've) been feeling tired. . (She has/She's) been watching too much television lately. " ". " Mary has been feeling depressed. Stative Verbs . ". ( ( - : ( . " ". (I have/I've) been playing a lot of football this week. " ". (I have/I've) played a lot of football this week. " " (I have/I've) read your book. " (I have/I've) been reading your book. : "since , for" : . ( :Conversation . A. What are doing now? B. I am teaching. A. When have you been teaching since? B. I have been teaching since three hours. . . . " ."since , for" I am playing football since an hour. I have been playing football since an hour. . . " . ( :Past Tense :Past Simple ( / : Subject + Verb.2 " + Object " . I worked in Germany. . We went to the cinema yesterday. : Irregular Verbs go go - went - gone " go went " . I saw her yesterday. : " from - to , for - , all day ( ". , all year " ". I worked in Canada from 1990 to 1995. I lived in Brazil for two years. They sat at the beach all day. - . . ( ." " Conditional Clauses ( : ( : . " 1) (He has/He's) broken her leg. " 1) He broke her leg. ". ". " 2) (She has/She's) gone. " 2) She went. ". ". ( . "two years ago , last week , in 1995 , yesterday" . ( (He has/He's) left last year. He left last year. : ." " ( " Have you just had breakfast? " Did you have breakfast this morning? . :Past Continuous Subject / : was + were + Verb-ing + - Object -ing + "when , while" : . . I was watching TV when she cried. . While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car. I was living in London last year. . - . " ( ". I was living in Geneva last year. " " ."when , while" " ( ". While I was waiting for the bus, it started rain. " ". I was waiting for the bus while it started rain. I was waiting for the bus. It started rain. ( . "while" . I was studying while he was making dinner. While I was studying, he was making dinner. I was studying. He was making dinner. - Stative Verbs . ." ": - . He wanted a car. :Past Perfect / : Subject + had + Verb.3 " "after , before , when" : . + - Object " . "until" . (He had/He'd) written five letters before she answered him. . We went on a walk after (we had/we'd) finished dinner. . When the play had finished, The audience left. .B . A B A . The audience left when the play had finished. ." " " . " B ( A A The audience left. The play finished. . ( I had visited U.S. once before in 1988. . . ( . / ) . . ... . It was afternoon on 14 January in Las Vegas casino. At one of the tables was Chris. For three years Chris had saved every penny. He had rarely gone out and he hadn't spent anything on his house. Finally, he had sold the house and with 145,000 in his pocket… . ." " Conditional Clauses ( : ( "two years ago , last week , in 1995 , yesterday" . (I had/ I'd) met him yesterday and I told him the good news. I met him yesterday and I told him the news. " "yesterday" ." :Past Perfect Continuous Subject + had + been + / Verb-ing + : Object - -ing + "after , before , when" : . "until" : . . ."since , for" . She had been talking for half an hour before she stopped. . He had been teaching at the University for more than a year before he left for Asia. - .B .B A A B A ( . . She had been studying English for two years before she got the job. ." " B " " A B A . She studies English. She got the job. " ". ( Ali was tired because he had been pushing. : ( : . They had not met an American until they met John. . They had been talking for an hour before Tony arrived. . " " . " " - Stative Verbs . :Future Tense ( ."when , while , before , after" - I will see a movie when I will have finished my homework. I will see a movie when I have finished my homework. :will / : He will à He'll , She will à She'll , It will à It'll You will à You'll , They will à They'll , We will à We'll I will à I'll : United State team will win. I will leave tomorrow. . - will . .( ( / ) . . ( ( / ) ". ( " ". ( It is 11 o'clock. Norma will be in bed by now. " ." " Present habit ) " . ( " " ". She is a good girl. She will play quietly for hours. ." " Conditional Clauses . ( :would / (it ): He would à He'd , She would à She'd , It would à It'd You would à You'd , They would à They'd , We would à We'd , I would à I'd . . - would .intention " I would study well. " I will study well. ". ( / ) ". ( / ) would + have + V.3 .(imaginary past) What would you like to do? - would : (I would/I'd) have flown. - " ". . " " ( ( ( . ( " Jack would not help you. ." " ". " ( ( Past habit ." would would used to " ". She is a good girl. She would play quietly for hours. ." " Conditional Clauses . ( :be going to / am Subject + is + are going to + Verb.1 : Object + " " ."near future" - be going to . I am going to open the door. : I am going to the cinema. I am going to go the cinema. . ( . / : I am going to go to shop. I am going to go shopping. I am going to go to the cinema. I am going to go the cinema. - ) - :Future Simple / : Subject + will + Verb.1 " + . ( . Ali will be here. "Ali Object " (I will/I'll) go to the school tomorrow. . " Ali'll - / ( ) / ) Ali will . ( .( (She will/She'll) talk to you. / :Future Continuous ) / : Subject + will be + Verb-ing + - Object -ing + "when , while" : . . - . (They will/They'll) be waiting. ( / . (He will/He'll) be sleeping. ( ) / ) . ( . (I will/I'll) be waiting for you at 9 o'clock. " " ( / ) ( ."when , while" . ( (I will/I'll) be waiting for you when your bus arrives. / ) I will be waiting for you. Your bus arrives. :Future Perfect Subject + will have + / Verb.3 " + " : Object - "after , before , when" . "by -" . . The Post Office will have returned the package before I can take. . I will have perfected my English by the time I come back from the U.S . .B A B A ( . She will have cleaned the house after he gets it. After he gets house, she will have cleaned it. He will get the house. . I will have slept at 8 o'clock. She will have cleaned the house ( . I will be sleeping. 8 o'clock. :Future Perfect Continuous Subject + will been have + / Verb-ing : Object + - -ing + "after , before , when , . - . by -" ."since , for" . I will have been working for two hours when her plane arrives. .B .B A B A A ( . They will have been talking for an hour by the time Tony arrives. . Mary will have been teaching at the University for more than a year by the time he leaves to Asia. " ". ( . George's English will be perfect when he leaves because he will have been studying English in the United States for two years. - Stative Verbs . : : . I will have read when my roommate returns. . I will have been reading for an hour when my roommate returns. " " " ." : : . I will be reading when my roommate returns. . I will have been reading for an hour when my roommate returns. " " " ." :Future in the Past . Subject Subject + Subject + was were was ... " would + + were " " + Verb.1 going to + to + + ": : Object + Verb.1 Verb.1 + + He was to become a president. They will go to the cinema Object " I was going to buy a car. They would go to the cinema. - Object " . . . - . I was going to buy a car. ( " ". +963949673259 :Introduction .Noun - "-ing" : . à eating eat : . play drive . educate à education : choose "-tion" . à choice à question ask à development develop :the "a" " " h "honest" a , an :"an" "a" "an" : . an hour , a university , an honest o h h an - o our "hour" hour . " " "an umbrella" u "university" .a . u - . We have a cat and a dog. " " - . " I am (I'm) going to the supermarket. . " . We have a cat and a dog. The cat is old, but the dog is puppy. . I am (I'm) a teacher. . She is (She's) an actress. . : a few , a little a numbers of - . , a lot , a pair of , a hundreds of , , a quarter , a bit . - "What" ! What a hole! : . . ... . The earth moves around the sun. The King. . The Eiffel Tower. . : . The British Museum. The Atlantic. . . - : " ". ". " The Red Sea. ". The Amazon. " The River Amazon. ." . " The Rockies. The West Indies. - " ". ". " - ."by" - I went by a car. ."no" . . I have no a pen. . He has no an idea. . - This the pen. This is the pen. My a pen. . I had lunch with John. " I bought Cosmopolitan at Paddington Station. ". . at home , at/to work , at/to school , at/to university , at/to sea , at/to college , at/to church , … in/to bed , in/to class , in/to hospital , on foot , … She goes to a work by bus. . - . I was at the home yesterday. . Water boils at 100 C. Milk is good for you. I like potato. " " " " " ." . − The First Winner. . I am reading the second book. . - . − "someone , somebody , some-" " − ." Paragraphs . "go home" I (go/went) to home. I (go/went) home. : :Proper Nouns . Capital Letter : . "the" "a , an" / - Ali , Damascus , America , Friday :Common Nouns / . : . "the" man "a , an" , teacher , cat , book , city :Material Nouns : iron , snow , water , sand / . . , air , bread :Collective Nouns / : crowd , army crowds , fleet , flock , armies , fleets :Abstract Nouns : joy . , laughter . , pleasure . . / : : / . "a , an" "many" "the" : a man , many men many of men , a few men , a few of men : is , has , " "the" ."few" / . " ...was "a , an" ."little" "much" : . :Substances ( Material: cotton , cloth , silk , wool , nylon , gold, silver, … Food: flour , rice , bread , wheat , rye , sugar , salt , pepper, … Other: butter , cheese , jam , fur , skin , hair , ice , snow , rain , soil , grass , land , ground , wood , plastic , leather , coal , rock , sand , paper , cement , chalk , plaster , paint, … :Liquids ( water , milk , coffee , tea , oil , petrol , gasoline , juice , alcohol, … :Gases ( air , smoke , steam , oxygen , hydrogen, … : ( music , luggage , baggage , pay , noise , traffic , furniture , accommodation , homework, … ." " Abstarct Nouns water sugar water sugar , much water , a little water , much sugar , a little sugar , much of water , a little of water , much of sugar , a little of sugar " " " I want a coffee. ( " .( "coffee" . " " . / " I like coffee. ) - ". "tea , potato, …" . She has much of gold and a little of beauty This water is sterilized. : . . ". The boy threw a stone. This wall is made of stone. ". : ideas , opinions , truths . "s" - "s" : . . I met three Omars yesterday. :The plural - "s" ." "ve" " -s "fe" : leaf à leaves . -s -s , loaf à loaves , sheaf à sheaves thief à thieves , calf à calves wolf à wolves , half à halves life à lives , wife à wives : - "f" , self à selves , , , scarf à scarves , , knife à knives . : man à men , woman à women : child à children : tooth à teeth : goose à geese deer , mouse à mice : : , , , : . , swine - . , cattle : , ox à oxen , index à indices , sheep : poultry : : : people , foot à feet , louse à lice erratum à errata : , clergy , public , vermin , police , , . Poultry are there. ." " . "people" . Peoples of Europe eat much of potato. : . - "s" dozen: two dozen , score : three score thousand : five thousand , hundred : eight hundred million : nine million : , , head : two head . dozens of eggs : , , hundreds of boys . - news ethics , innings , gallows , mathematics , physics , phonetics − . ... . The scissors are lost. The scissor is lost. :Gender . : .him son , boy , man nephew He : , father , brother , prince .her , king : , uncle ( , ,… She : : ( daughter , girl aunt , woman , niece , mother , sister , princess , queen .it , table , door , book : child , city , cat , doctor , , teacher ,… girl : brother : sister : bull : cow : cock : hen : dog : bitch : father : mother : fox : vixen : horse : mare : husband : wife : king : queen : lady : man : woman : monk : nun : ram : ( , boy : nephew : ,… : : lord : . , dog , cousin artist ( . , friend judge ,… : : pen , niece : ewe : sir : madam : son : daughter : uncle : .it aunt : - country , city :Case of Nouns : :Nominative / . . The boy broke the window. . This man is my father. : : ( . . : ." :Object / . He came yesterday. " ( . The boy broke the window. Put your cup on the table. ( . . ( . ( . : :Genitive ( ) / : : 's - . The girl's robe. . Shakespeare's plays. .-es ( . -s : ' - . The girls' robes. . The boys' books. . Ali's house. 's -es -s . The men's room. . The children's teacher. . : - . " The cat's tail. The men's room. " The women's society. . The Beauty's queen. " ". ( ". ". . ( . "of" : : ( Names of the engineers The leg of the table : ." " . The leg of the table. ( ( ): My key of door. My door's key. . Names of the engineers. OR The engineers' names. ( +963949673259 :Introduction .Adjective . - Smarts boys Smart boys. (. They need smarts. ) "-y" : à needy need : . à lovely love : . "-ing" à boring bore : "-ly" . "-less" à careless care : . make à made : . : . "-ous" à dangerous danger honor "-en" à wooden wood : , close . "-able" à honorable à closed . - : . à atomic atom : "-ic" . "-al" à educational education : . "-an" à republican republic : . "-cal" à historical history : . "-ful" à playful play : . à smart , clever intelligence : complete : , ."dis- , un- , il- , in- , im-" à unhappy happy à inaccurate accurate à impossible possible à illegal legal à dishonest honest "-ful" - "-less" : helpless hopeless useless . . à helpful à hopeful à useful - "a , an" : He is a hero. - . . He is smart. " ." " " " "heroic" " "intelligence" " "hero" " "smart" . - Red robe Beautiful table : : .Capital Letter Arabic language English grammar / . : / : my/your/his/her/its name our/your/their names. " " : . "own" ." (I will/I'll) write with my own pen. : . " "own" He did his work. He did his own work. . : : . a long street / "the" "a , an" , a beautiful girl , an old house . She is a beautiful girl. . He is smart. "beautiful girl" . "smart" : - "am , is , are , was , were , be" Linking Verbs Seeming Verbs Perception Verbs " .Remaining Verbs Change Verbs ." ."smell , taste , sound , feel" : - ."become , change , convert" : - ."seem , look" : - ."stay , remain , keep" : - : : . . She is smart. ."She" "is" "smart" . (She has/She's) become beautiful. "become" "beautiful" . . "smell" "a delicious" . "smell" .soup" . The witness kept silent. "The ."She" "become" The soup smells a delicious. "The ( "kept" "silent" . "kept" : . She is a clever, beautiful and rich woman. . .witness" ( :Comparative & Superlative : - :Equality am + is + are Subject as + Verb.1 + ( : + Object as . Ali is as tall as Ahmad. :Comparative Subject am + is + are Verb-er + than ( + . Ali is taller than his brother. . I want a bicycle larger than this. . Subject am + is + are :Superlative the + Verb-est + of ( + : Object . Ali is the tallest of his brothers. . : Object -est -er - : good : better : best : worse : worst : more : most : little : less : least : far : farther : farthest : bad : much , many . He is better than her. . He is the best of his friends. . Ahmed is the best. "most" "more" : Subject + am + more + Subject is + are + the most V.1 + + V.1 than + of . Ali is more interested than Ahmad. Ali is the most interested of his friends. . . + Object + Object : . Red robe. " The red robe. " The robe is red. " ". ". . +963949673259 :Introduction . − . − :Conjunctions : and : , or : while , but : , both : , when neither … nor : , either : , , what , then : , as well as , notwithstanding : : :"or" "and" . She is smart. He is smart. . "or" . "and" : . She and he are smart. " She or he is smart. She and he "is" " "are" . : - "and" . My hobbies are swimming, reading, programming and exploring. My hobbies are swimming and reading and programming and exploring. . "and" . 1) She is studying both English and French. ( . ( 2) Neither she nor her sister were in the party. . ( . ( 3) Meet her first then take your decision. 4) He as well as you is tired. . ( 5) Kill him (or else/otherwise) he will kill you. . I and he are going. He and I are going. I or he is going. He or I is going. I − :Table of conjunctions " " - . meaning or function simple conjunctions adding, listing: and alternatives: contrast: negative addition: or but nor comparison as , than , like as if , as thought condition if , unless contrast: (al)though while whereas seeing , given , provided even though degree or extent: exception: place: preference: 2- or 3- word conjunctions double conjunctions both …and not only … but either … or not … but neither … nor as far as but (that) , except ( that) as … so as … as if … then although … yet so … that where , wherever rather than , sooner than proportion: as … so the … the purpose: so that , in order that reason and cause: respect: result: because , as , since indirect question: same time: time: earlier time: later time: just after: whether , if when(ever) , while , as before , until , till after , since once , when , whereupon in that so that , such that whether … or now (that) immediately (that) +963949673259 :Introduction . : . - :Prepositions about ." " ( . She is talking about me. What are you talking about? ." " " " ( I dream about tomorrow. . I think about my future. . ."approximately " ( " ( How old are you? . I am about 20 years old. ."around , round The earth moves (around/round/about) the sun. . at ." The children were at home. " ( . . I was at Ali's house. The concert starts at 7:30 o'clock. . . ( . ( at the moment , at lunch time , at middy , at the present time … ." " ( . / You can drive at 100 kph. ." . He threw a stone at me. " ( .look ( Look to me. Look at me. by "... ... There is a policeman standing by my car. . . " ( ( . The thief must have left the building by the back door. . I drink tea sip by sip. . Enter one by one. ." . " ."on or before" by Friday à . The photographs will be ready by 5 May. ( ( ( .by + Verb-ing ( . We can increase production by improving wages. By improving wages, we can increase production. due to . ( . His success was due to his hard work. for ." " ( " ( . I will live here for five days. . I will love you (for ever/forever). ." . I am working for you. ." " ( Did you vote for the President? from ." " . She lived in New York from 1995 to 1998. ( ( ." " . He moved from Canada. Where did you come from? I came from Paris. . . ( in ." " . He is in the car. . .( Ali was born in March. / Ali was born in 1990 AD. . Ali left the city in summer. ." ( ) . " Abstract Nouns . Romeo was in love with Juliet. ( . The passengers are in danger. . ( ( . I am in Damascus. into . He went into the room. :divide " " ." " ( . Airports divide into local and international. ( of .( The Queen of Spain ) ( , The owners of the car . A part of the cake ( , An apple of the box .amounts ( a lot of noise , a liter of oil , dozens of eggs , thousands of babies on ." " ( . The books are on the table. . ( . I go to work on the bus. . We will travel on Friday. ( . . We will travel on 9th July. . / This chocolate will expire on 1/10/2006 AD. . ( / ." " ( . Although this computer is cheap, it is one of the best machines on the market. . This program displays all sites on the internet. to ." " . Come to me. Come to here. (. Come here He went to Canada from 1990 to 1995. . ." I went to a restaurant to eat. To win you have to train well. " to + Verb.1 .( . ) ( . ) ( . " " ( to + have + Verb.3 : " ". I am delighted to have met your wife yesterday. .to "not" ( . Not to lose you have to train well. . I told you not to go skating. . We are sorry not to have met your wife yesterday. to + be + Verb.3 .not to + be + Verb.3 ( to + have + been + Verb.3 . Everyone likes to be admired. . The building appears to have been repainted. . Not to be deceived you have to be careful. ." " ( . I want to go. . I want you to go with me. I think to write a story. .( I went to see him. . ) up to ." I will stay here up to Saturday. I walked up to the tree. " ( . . until .till ." I will stay here (until/up to/till) Saturday. " ( . with ."together " She went with me. ( . . I am with you. . ( : me , you , him , her , it , us , them " "to" ."-ing ( -s . - :" " into " " at . into : . at horseback foot : : . of :at ." " :on ." " :in in the hotel. . on the ground. . . . . at the door. . at He is (in/at) Damascus. - at , on , in at the hotel. .in - from of . on the door. - on by "on" in the ground. - into at in . . − . : . ( Please answer to my question. Please answer my question. (. ) I finished from my work. I finished my work. . He needs to a pen. He needs a pen. . She reached to the school. She reached the school. . They entered to the room. They entered the room. . We visited him in the next day. We visited him the next day. . : ( He is knocking the door. He is knocking at the door. Please remind me his name. Please remind me of his name. . . He can reply her inquires. He can reply to her inquires. . She waited you. She waited for you. . I went a walk. I went on a walk. . Don't argue him. Don't argue with him. . : Be careful from that man. Be careful of that man. ( . He is sitting on the table. He is sitting at the table. . Look to the picture. Look at the picture. . I am angry from him. I am angry with him. . She is afraid from the dog. She is afraid of the dog. He threw a stone on the cat. He threw a stone (at/into) the cat. . . She was laughing on him. She was laughing at him. . She was happy from him. She was pleased with him. . I walked until the tree. I walked up to the tree. . . until − : . He was accused of stealing. . I am accustomed to hot weather. . She is afraid of dogs. She agrees with him. . . He is angry with her. . The matter was apparent to him. . He will argue with them. . They will arrive at the village. . He was ashamed of his conduct. . I am astonished at the matter. They believe in god. . He is careful of his health. Can I comment on this? . She always complains of the heat. The team is composed of ten players. The week consists of seven days. The mountains are covered with snow. . . . . He cured of his illness. . The U.S. Congress corresponds to the British Parliament She depends on herself. . . My book is different form yours. She was dressed in black. . I was engaged in reading. . . She is engaged to her cousin. He failed in history. . They feed of rice. . . It is full of oil. . Get out of here. He is good at mathematics. . He is incapable of running. . . She always insists on her opinion. . He is interested in music. . She is jealous of her sister. He is knocking at the door. . Look at the picture. . . She was laughing at him. Can you listen to me? . She is married to a rich man. . They are pleased with you. . I prefer tea to coffee. He is proud of his father. . Please remind me of his name. He can reply to her inquires. Are you satisfied with your marks? . . . I am searching for my book. My book is not similar to his. . He is sitting at the table. . I am sure of his honesty. . I want to talk to you. . He threw a stone (at/into) the cat. . Are you tired of reading? . I am waiting for a job. I walked up to the tree. I went on a walk. . . +963949673259 :Introduction . .Passive Active : .(Active .(Passive Active ). ). . . - Auxiliary Verb by + Subject with + Subject He à him , She à her … : . - . :Passive Voice : Subject Object + + Verb.2 was were + + : : Object : Verb.3 / - - : ( I , He , She , It .was : ( You , We , They .were ". The car was stolen. Irregular Verbs steal . steal stolen : steal - stole - stolen " ". Ali was killed by Ahmed. : " ."Ahmed" . Ahmed killed Ali. : . 1) They toke my car away. . 2) They broke the window. : "my car" "toke" "the window" "broke" The window was broken by them. " " / "They" ( "They" ( . My car was taken away by them. : / . : Subject + Object : + Verb.1 am is are + + : / - Object : Verb.3 - ( He , She , It .is : ( You , We , They .are .am The bridge is repaired everyday. The mountains are covered with snow. "by" "with" : Snow covers the mountains. :I ( . . "snow" . "snow" . : . 1) The wolves eat the sheep. . 2) The workers repair the bridge. : "the sheep" "eat" "repair" / . " : am + is + are am + is + are The apple is being eaten. Ali is being asked. : . " Object ( "The workers" The bridge is broken by the workers. Subject ( "The wolves" The sheep are eaten by the wolves. "the bridge" / : Verb-ing being / - + : + Object Verb.3 " " ". ". : / . 1) He is reading the book. . 2) They are building the house. / : "the book" "read" "He" " The book is being read by him. : "the house" "build" ". "They" " The house is being built by them. " ( ( ". " : / : Subject Object has + have + + has have Verb.3 + : : been : + Object + Verb.3 - ( He , She , It .has ( I , You , We , They .have Someone has been arrested. The car has been found by the police. . . : ."the police" . The police have found the car. "by someone" - Someone ." " : Someone / . 1) The police have found the weapon. . 2) Someone has stolen her book. / "the weapon" "found" "The police" : "her book" : . The weapon has been found by the police. "stolen" "Someone" . Her book has been stolen. " Object ( " : Subject ( + will + : Verb.1 + will + be / - + : + Object Verb.3 The crime will be solved. A few of crimes will be committed. . . : / . 1) He will kill Omar. . 2) She will buy the car. / : "Omar" "the car" ( "She" ( . Omar will be killed by him. : "He" "kill" "buy" . The car will be bought by her. " " : / ."can , should , must , …" : Auxiliary Verbs Subject + Aux Verb + Verb.1 + Object : Object + Aux Verb + be + Verb.3 The car can be found. She must be told. . . - - : / . 1) They should not park their cars there. : "their cars" "park" . Their cars should not be parked there by them. " " / "They" ( : Present Simple Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Past Simple Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous Future Simple Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous Future in the Past O + (am/is/are) + V.3 O + (am/is/are) + being + V.3 O + (has/have) + been + V.3 O + (has/have) + been being + V.3 O + (was/were) + V.3 O + had being + V.3 O + had been + V.3 O + had been being + V.3 O + will be + V.3 O + will be being + V.3 O + will have been + V.3 O + will have been being + V.3 O + (was/were) + going to be + V.3 O + used to be + V.3 O + Aux Verb + be + V.3 O + (am/is/are) + going to be + V.3 Used to Auxiliary Verb be going to : O : Object , V.3 : +963949673259 :Introduction . :Make of Negative " Auxiliary Verb : "n't" - "not" am , may can't can won't will " " ." does not : do not (don't) - :did not (didn't) :do not (don't) I , You , . He , We , They :does not (doesn't) s . ." (doesn't) s " She , It :did not (didn't) .-ing -s .shan't . : shall not - : / . 1) He plays football. does not (doesn't) s . s . 1) He (does not/doesn't) play football. . 2) You teach English. . do not (don't) . 2) You (do not/don't) teach English. : / . 1) He is playing football. ."not" "is" . 1) He (is not/isn't) playing football. . 2) You are teaching English. ."not" "are" . 2) You (are not/aren't) teaching English. . 3) I am walking. ."not" 3) I am not walking. "am" . : / . 1) He has played football. ."not" "has" . 1) He (has not/hasn't) played football. . 2) You have taught English. ."not" "have" . 2) You (have not/haven't) taught English. . / - . 1) He has been playing football since two hours. ."not" "has" ( . 1) He (has not/hasn't) been playing football since two hours. ( ( 2) You have been teaching English for two years. ."not" "have" ( 2) You (have not/haven't) been teaching English for two years. : / . 1) He played football. did not (didn't) . 1) He (did not/didn't) play football. . . 2) You taught English. did not (didn't) . . 2) You (did not/didn't) teach English. : / . 1) He was playing football. ."not" "was" 1) He (was not/wasn't) playing football. . 2) You were teaching English. . ."not" "were" . 2) You (were not/weren't) teaching English. : . 1) He had played football before he was broken his leg. ."not" "had" / ( . ( 1) He (had not/hadn't) played football before he was broken his leg. : / - ( . 1) He had been studying English for two years before he got the job. ."not" "had" . ( 1) He (had not/hadn't) been studying English for two years before he got the job. : / .( 1) He will go. ."not" ) "will" . 1) He (will not/won't) go. : / . 1) He will be asleep. ."not" ( ) "will" . 1) He (will not/won't) be asleep. : / - . ( 1) I will have perfected my English by the time I come back from the U.S. ."not" "will" . ( 1) I (will not/won't) have perfected my English by the time I come back from the U.S. : / - . 1) I will have been waiting for two hours when her plane finally arrives ."not" "will" ( ( . 1) I (will not/won't) have been waiting for two hours when her plane finally arrives. : / . 1) He would go. ."not" "would" 1) He (would not/wouldn't) go. . 2) You were going to go. . ."not" "were" . 2) You (were not/weren't) going to go. : can not cannot "not" / - can .can't . 1) I can go. ."not" "can" . 1) I (cannot/can't) go. . 2) I should go. ."not" 2) I (should not/shouldn't) go. "should" . . 3) He is a hero. ."not" 3) He (is not/isn't) a hero. "is" . : / . You have a pen. : You (have not/haven't) a pen. " " do not (don't) % . have "have" . . You (do not/don't) have a pen. : / . He has a pen. : He (do not/don't) has a pen. does not (doesn't) "s" % "has" ."have" . He (does not/don't) have a pen. : - have + -s à has - : - Do not (Don't) . (Do not/Don't) worry. (Do not/Don't) eat this. . (Do not/Don't) be stupid. . . . . . . . : . . . . :have no ."I don't have a pen." : . I have no pen. He has no car. "I have a pen." : - +963949673259 :Introduction . : " - " ( . ( :Make of Questions :" : " / - "No" "Yes" Yes, + Subject + Aux Verb No, + Subject + Aux Verb + not : " " " :Did Does " Auxiliary Verb . : Do - "?" :Do I , You , We , They . He , She , It ." :Does s . " . s :Did - : / . 1) He plays football. s Does s . 1) Does he play football? 1) Yes, he does. OR No, he does not (doesn't). . 2) You teach English. . Do 2) Do you teach English? 1) Yes, I do. OR No, I (do not/don't). : / . 1) He is playing football. . "is" 1) Is he playing football? 1) Yes, he is. OR No, he (is not/isn't). . 2) You are teaching English. . "are" 2) Are you teaching English? 1) Yes, I am. OR No, I am not. . 3) I am walking. . 3) Am I walking? 1) Yes, you are. OR No, you (are not/aren't). "am" : / . 1) He has played football. . "has" 1) Has he played football? 1) Yes, he has. OR No, he (has not/hasn't). . 2) You have taught English. . "have" 2) Have you taught English? 1) Yes, I have. OR No, I (have not/haven't). : . 1) He has been playing football since two hours. . "has" / ( ( 1) Has he been playing football since two hours? 1) Yes, he has. OR No, he (has not/hasn't). . 2) You have been teaching English for two years. . "have" ( ( 2) Have you been teaching English for two years? 1) Yes, I have. OR No, I (have not/haven't). : / . 1) He played football. . Did 1) Did he play football? 1) Yes, he did. OR No, he (did not/didn't). . 2) You taught English. . Did 2) Did you teach English? 1) Yes, I did. OR No, I (did not/didn't). : / . 1) He was playing football. . "was" 1) Was he playing football? 1) Yes, he was. OR No, he (was not/wasn't). 2) You were teaching English. . 2) Were you teaching English? 1) Yes, I was. OR No, I (was not/wasn't). . "were" : / - . 1) He had played football before he was broken his leg. . "had" ( ( 1) Had he played football before he was broken his leg? 1) Yes, he had. OR No, he (had not/hadn't). : / - ( . 1) He had been studying English for two years before he got the job. . "had" ( 1) Had he been studying English for two years before he got the job? 1) Yes, he had. OR No, he (had not/hadn't). : / . 1) He will go. . 1) Will he go? 1) Yes, he will. OR No, he (will not/won't). "will" : / . 1) He will be asleep. . 1) Will he be asleep? 1) Yes, he will. OR No, he (will not/won't). "will" : / - . ( 1) I will have perfected my English by the time I come back from the U.S. . "will" ( 1) Will I have perfected my English by the time I come back from the U.S? 1) Yes, you will. OR No, you (will not/won't). : / - . 1) I will have been waiting for two hours when her plane finally arrives. . "will" ( ( 1) Will I have been waiting for two hours when her plane finally arrives? 1) Yes, you will. OR No, you (will not/won't). : / . 1) He would go. . "will" 1) Would he go? 1) Yes, he would. OR No, he (would not/wouldn't). . 2) You were going to go. . "were" 2) Were you going to go? 1) Yes, I was. OR No, I (was not/wasn't). : / . 1) I can go. . "can" 1) Can I go? 1) Yes, you can. OR No, you (can not/can't). . 2) He should go. . "should" 2) Should he go? 1) Yes, he should. OR No, he (should not/shouldn't). . 3) He is a hero. . 3) Is he a hero? 1) Yes, he is. OR No, he (is not/isn't). "should" : / . You have a pen. : Have you a pen? " " . have Do % . "have" Do you have a pen? : / He has a pen. : . % Do you has a pen. Does "s" "has" ."have" Does he have a pen? - have + -s à has : : / : " ." " " :Who? :Whom? "Who?" ." " " " :What? :Which? ." ." ." ." " " " ." ." :Where? :Whose? " " " :When? :Why? " :How? : " " Auxiliary Verb Which? Who? ." " does - do :do I , You , We , They . He , She , It :does s . ." " s :did . "?" - "?" : :did " : ". 1) Your name is Anas. ."Anas" "What" "is" 1) What is your name? " 2) This pen is for Ahmed. ."for Ahmed" ". "Whose" "is" 2) Whose is this pen? ." 2) Who is this pen for? " " 3) He was sick. ."sick" ". "How" "was" 3) How was he? " 4) He has gone. . "Why" ". "has" 4) Why has he gone? " 5) He lives in Texas. "Where" ". s ."in Texas" s 5) Where does he live? " 6) She left yesterday. did "Why" . 6) Why did she leave yesterday? ". does " 7) He dead yesterday. did ". "When" ."yesterday" 7) When did he die? " 8) He will leave the day after tomorrow. "When" ". "will" ."the day after tomorrow" 8) When will he leave? :Who? "Who?" - . " 1) He travels everyday. : "Who?" ". "He" 1) Who travels everyday? " 2) Ali met Ahmad. : "Who?" ". :"Ali" "Ali" 2) Who met Ahmad? :"Ahmad" : did "Who" 2) Who did meet Ali? . 2) Whom did meet Ali? : 1) Ali went by his car. 1) Which car of his cars did he go? :Which? . - . 2) He speaks Germany. 2) Which language does he speak? 3) They study in Oxford University. . 3) Which university do they study? : : - Don't you want to go? . Yes, I do. OR No, I (do not/don't). : "n't" : . . 1) I (do not/don't) want to go. 1) Why don't you want to go? . 2) She can go. 2) Can't she go? . 3) He is smart. 3) Isn't he smart? . 1) Why do you not want to go? 2) Can she not go? 3) Is he not smart? - : : many How + much + Noun + Aux Verb + Verb.1 + Object - " " " " : - Noun ."many" : How - Noun ."much" How 1) How many eggs are in the refrigerator? ."many" How "eggs" 2) How much money was here? ."much" How "money" 3) How many kilos of sugar do you want? ."many" How "kilos" 4) How many letters have you written this week? "many" How "letters" - How many , How much . ... How much far did you go? How far did you walk? ( ) :Indirect Question ". "... " " "... ". " ". ": " "... . " - "." : . 1) I don't know where he lives. 2) I can't remember what his name is. - . . 3) I'll ask you when the bus arrives. 4) I have no any idea why she left. : . 1) I don't know "Where does he live?" 2) I can't remember "What is his name?" 3) I'll ask "When does the bus arrive?" 4) I have no any idea "why did she leave?" : . − . 1) He said me do you have a car. :Question tags : ." " - You are Englishman, aren't you? : :" "," . " ( "n't" "," . : ( "n't" : "," . " didn't :" " ( doesn't don't " - : - 1) He is from London, isn't he? 2) You can swim, can't you? 3) She will be here tomorrow, won't she? 4) She lives in London, doesn't she? 5) You came last week, didn't you? 1) She isn't here, is she? 2) You weren't here, were you? 3) You haven't finished, have you? 4) They don't go to the cinema, do they? +963949673259 :Introduction − : . :Adverbs ( ) . : : . :Time yesterday , today , tomorrow , now , then , soon , recently , … : . :Place back , across , in , on , here , there , above … :Manner : . well , badly , hard , fast , slowly , quickly , … : . :Frequency generally , rarely , always , never , sometimes , often … : . :Degree very , much , really , quite , too , so , either , … : . :Interrogative when , where , how , why : :Linking however , firstly , therefore , nevertheless : :Comment & Attitude yes , no , not , never , perhaps , maybe , possibly , certainly : :Adding & Limiting else , too , either , only , neither , also : :Viewpoint mentally , morally , officially , strictly : :Length of Time long , always , never , just - ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( . : "-ly" : "brotherly" - "-ly" .noisy à noisily : .full à fully : ."i" . "y" ( "ll" ( ( "-ly" ."in a brotherly manner" : . - . ( This is a fast train. It goes very fast. : - Our new neighbor greeted us politely. (manner) How long have you lived here? (place) We arrived yesterday. (time) After that we met her quite frequently. (frequency) However, we learned very little about her. (linking) I hope you will be really happy. (degree) Strangely, she never talked about herself. (comment & attitude) She talked only about us and the weather. (adding & limiting) Personally, I found that annoying. (viewpoint) Have you ever met anyone like that? (length of time) " be" - ." " Linking Verbs : He has run good. He has run well. be "run" "good" ."well" good . - be He is well. He is good. : . . Occasionally John wakes up early. . ( ( . John has occasionally waked up early. . ( be . John is occasionally asleep. . - ( be . John occasionally wakes up early. . ( . John wakes up occasionally. ."to" - Go to there. Go there. :all : : all of the book. : all of the books. : all of the oil. : all of them. ."... " − :all + of + . . . . ( :all + ( : all the book. : all the books. : all the oil. . We all enjoyed the play. : . You all are smart. + all ( : ( Would you like to buy anything else? . No, thank you. That's all. . :although : ." " − . Although this computer is cheap, it is one of the best machines on the market. :another & other another other ." " another = an + other :other another . I don't like this one. Show me another things. I don't like this one. Show me another thing. I don't like this one. Show me other things. I will read the others books. . .( / ) They have two dogs, and now they want another (dog/one) :any & some ."... some ( ) " - :some any any . - . I want some eggs. Do you want any eggs? . I don't want any eggs. :as ." : " ." It looks as if it's going to rain. ( " . He works well as me. ."Because - " ( . . ( / (As/Because) Linda is the eldest, she has to look after the other children. ( ) :because , because of ." because of " - because , because of :because of because because - . . We couldn't play tennis because it was raining. . We couldn't play tennis because of the rain. :both ." " . both : - all - :Both … and ( ... Both his mother and father… :Both + of + . Both of the players. (and Both of his mother and father… ) :Both + . Both (the) players. . They both have similar tastes. . His father and mother were both excellent cooks. . : ( ( ( + both ( : ( . . This dress is cheaper, but that one is more attractive. I think I'll buy (both/both of them). :Concert & Abstract Nouns . Abstract Nouns Concert Nouns - : ." " People: baby , woman , doctor, … Things: wheel , knife , key , chair, … Animals: horse , rabbit , snake , fish, … Places: island , city , mountain , river, … Substances: iron , flesh , skin , glass, … Liquids: water , rain , milk, … Gases: gas , air , steam , oxygen, … : ." " love , knowledge information space , time , answer , power , anger :Concert Nouns - :Abstract Nouns , start , history , help .Gases Liquids Substance , education , advice , research , , ,… Concert Nouns - : . Abstract Nouns deed à deeds , difficulty à difficulties , accident àaccidents , example à examples , fact à facts , visit à visits , cause à causes , event à events , process à processes , poem à poems , month à months , … Conditional Clauses :Present Condition If + … / : - : - …,… " If I eat too much, I get fat. ". " ". If somebody waves a red flag, it usually means danger. : When I eat too much, I get fat. When somebody waves a red flag, it usually means danger. : . :First C If + … …,… / . If she eats all that ice cream, she will feel terrible. : . She'll feel terrible if she eats all that ice cream. : . :Second C / : If + … … , …WOULD . If you didn't eat so much, you would lose your weight. : . You'd lose your weight if you didn't eat so much : . - was − were . If I worked, I would not be poor. .He , She , It , . If I were you, I would get a job immediately. :Third C / : If + … … , …WOULD HAVE . If they had studied so hard, they would have succeeded. : . They'd have succeeded if they had studied so hard. : . . If I had worked harder, I would have passed the exam. . . If you hadn't been driving so fast, you wouldn't have crashed. . - : If + … / …,… . If you are hungry, have lunch If + … …,… If he won't agree, there will be a problem. . If + … …,… If I wanted anything, I always get it. . :each Each girl in the class has homework. . . Each of these rooms has a telephone. . Each of . ß rooms "have" " " " : ."... " - "has" " these rooms . When the children entered, each was given a present. "each of the children was given a present" Each rooms… ( ) Each of rooms… − :else & also ." " ." " She also plays tennis. ."otherwise " or also - else - . . I am very busy, there is someone else help you. . You should leave it, (or else/otherwise) they will catch you. :ever .never at any time in your " "at any time Did you ever see a snake? ( ever − : : " − ."life ) :every .each Every girl in the class has homework. . : − ."... " : − :every + Every boy has to have a pen. . − ( :every + one ( . Our cat had five kittens, and every one of them was white. :every , each − each every .each "two" every ( Every one of my parents… ) parents (Each/Both) of my parents… He was carrying a suitcase in every hand. :get : ." " . " ." . " " . ( get + noun + noun . I will get you something to eat it. " ( get + place When I get home, I will phone you. ."take ( get + adjective You will get fat. ."fetch ( get + noun phrase He got the car from his friend. ."become - ( get + noun + adverb . I have to get some money. " get + noun + to + Verb.1 ."make someone do something . They tired to get me to sign. : get . Leave it with me; I’ll get to it later. ( . ... . When they get to arguing, we’ll never stop them. − :get to ( . :get out ( . :get up ( "Microsoft Encarta®" :Have . - Have ." " - Have . Have a nice day. . Have a nice trip. : - Have a nice dress. Nice dress. :here & there . ." here & there - ." " here - " .be there - here , there . There is a cat. . There are cats. :home " . Go home. I am at home. " home "from , at" - I am going to home. I left the home. :-ing forms : - "-ing" . ( . He is playing tennis. . ( . She was driving at 120mph. . / ( . I have been working since 7:00. swim . -ing à swimming , cook à cooking . Swimming is my favorite sport. . bore à boring ( ( -ing à fascinating , fascinate ( (see , hear , feel , watch , smell , notice) " We saw them leaving the house. I could smell the burning. I can hear someone coming. " . ". " ". ". :let .Let + Object + Verb.1 " " . Let him talk. (Let us/Let's) walk. . - :like : ."... . I like potato. "want " " " ." : ( ( / ) ". " " " - "coffee" :as ." " My mother works like a slave. . My mother works as a teacher. " . . like " ". " It looks as if it's going to rain. ( . " " if It looks like if it's going to rain. ( . What would you like to do? " " "would + like" I would like a coffee. " ." - " : ". :maybe : .may .may " " − maybe − . He may be coming. He maybe is coming. You may be a doctor. You maybe are a doctor. They may have gone to shop. They maybe went to shop. : .may maybe . . − . He maybe will go. (. He may will go. ) :never ." " I will never talk to you. − .( / ) I will not never talk to you. (.never I will not ever talk to you. ever : ) never − . :Noun Phrase .(my , a , the , this …) . ...determiner determiner Noun Phrase - - : The City Center - An old man - This book - Your cat - A book The pen - Mary's books - those books :(the) same ."... . My son and you go to the same school. " - . : Ahmed and I have the same taste: we like the same music, we read the same books, and we watch the same TV programs. :so : " - so + (adjective/adverb/many/much) ."very ( Why are you (so/very) late? . We had to buy so many things. ." We felt tired, and so we went to bed. ." " " ( and . ( that . Be quite so (that) she can sleep. ( / ." " ) ( . Ben had lost his key, so he had to borrow it from me. ." " ( So what did you do? . that I (hope/expect/believe) so. . I don't think so. . ( so ( that / / ) so ( :still ." We are still waiting to give him my order " . - : .Subject + still + Verb.1 We are still waiting. ( . He still lives here. .Subject + be + still + Verb-ing - " ( ". :Subject + still + (has/have) + Verb.3 ( . :that : that ." . That man is my friend. ." . The pen (that/which) I bought is on the table. . It proves (that) you were his friend. Are you sure (that) you want to buy a car? . - " ( " ( " " ( :there is , there are ." " . There are cats. Is there an apple? ." " - there + be + noun ( ( / / ) ) - there + (be + no/be + not) + noun . There (are no/are not) apples. ( / ) :too & either ." . " either - too . John likes to play football, and Mary likes to play football, too. . John doesn't like to play football, and Mary doesn't like to play football, either. " too + adjective (+ for + …) too - ."more than is needed . This suit is too big (for my husband). He needs a smaller size. :Unreal Meaning . :unreal present If I had enough money, I would retire early. " ". : - ( was were unreal present time .He , She , It , . :unreal past . If you had driven more careful, you would have avoided this accident. " ". : If he easily. :unreal future would + Verb.1 -OR- were to + Verb.1 -OR- Past Simple would lend were to lend lent - ( ( . me your bicycle tomorrow, I would go home " ". :Verb-ing : - -ing :"love , hate , prefer" I prefer watching horror films. . I prefer to watch horror films. . ( :"like , want , need , know" I like lying in bed late. I want eating this. " ( ". " ". " I like to lie in the bed late. " " I want to eat this. " . ". " − -ing I want knowing what did happen. I want to know what did happen. : - -ing :"remember , forget" I remembered meeting her. I remembered to meet her. ." ." ( " " I won't forget dancing with him that night.." " ." I won't forget to dance with him that night. " :"try" ." I tried speaking to her about it, but she still wouldn't listen. ." I tried to speak to her about it, but she wasn't there. : -ing " ( " - "finish , enjoy , considerate , give up , feel like , ( suggest , imagine" I considerate emigrating to Australia. . I considerate to emigrate to Australia. : : − My age is 20 years. (. I am 20 years. It is seven and a half. It is half past seven. ) . This book is to me. This book is mine. . The right is with you. You are right. . York book is with me. I have your book. . I opened the radio. I turned on the radio. . I closed the radio. I turned off the radio. . She sees herself very much. She is very proud. She was making herself ill. She was pretending to be ill. I took permission. I got permission. . . . Let us go from here. Let us go this way. . I saw her one time or two times. I saw her once or twice. . : "wanna" : "gotta" "want to" . − I , You , We , They "got to" . I wanna go now - I want to go now. I gotta go - I got to go. "gonna" "give me" . "gimme" : ."going to" Gimme the pen - Give me the pen. . I am gonna go - You are going to go. . " " .me I - This is I. This is me. . me "too" - I " I am too. Me too. : Let us go à Let's go. . " " . " - :Paragraphs − Paragraphs . : . . ( ( . ... ." " :" ( " ( − 1) Car Car is a motor vehicle. It is walking on a substance called "asphalt" by something made of rubber, it is called a wheel. There are many types and colors of cars, one of them BMW, Mercedes, Chevrolet, … etc. First motor car working by petrol was made in approximately 1908 AD by Europe then America has developed it as you see it now. 2) Risk I was living at my sister and her husband's house. One day they traveled for a period and I stayed alone. I looked from the window then I found a house burning. I went out to see the fire. I saw a woman crying "Tommy, Tommy, Tommy stayed inside". I entered the house to save Tommy. After I entered, something had hit me and I had lost my consciousness. I waked up suddenly and I found myself out of the house. The firemen saved me. Then I cried "Tommy stayed inside". I saw the woman again. She said me "Tommy's OK" and she was carrying a cat. She said me this is Tommy. I have risked my life for a cat. 3) The haunted house We loved the house when we first moved in. Then two years after moving in, I waked up suddenly one night. There was an old woman standing at the foot of our bed. She was crying. I tired to shout, but I couldn't. I could feel something covering my face. I watched a ghost walking toward the well. After it had disappeared, I waked up my husband, but suddenly I heard a young son screaming in the next bathroom. I ran to see what was wrong. He has seen someone moving through the well from our room. It was an old woman. After that we didn't like living in the house any more. They felt as if there were eyes watching us all the time. Strange things started happening. We heard voices in the middle of the night. We sold the house, but the new people didn't stay there very long. There is nobody living there now. ( " . . ... " . .( BMW . - "the" : - I saw a house is burning. (. ) " ) " ) I saw a house burning. I saw a house burned before. I saw a burned house before. (. " I saw a substance is made of rubber. (. I saw a substance made of rubber. " ) I saw a man is killed. (. I saw a man killed. ) : I saw a man as he is killed. I know someone wanting this car. (. I know someone wants this car. .-ing ) Stative Verbs want ( . ." " . " . . ." . . " . . . . " . ( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "the" - +963949673259 . " * " " " : " " A abide * abode abode awake awoke awaken arise * arose arisen be/am/is/are was/were been bear bore borne beat beat beaten become became become befall befell befallen beget begot begotten begin began begun behold beheld beheld bend bent bent beseech besought besought beset beset beset bet * bet bet betake betook betaken bethink bethought bethought bid bade bidden bide * bode bide bind bound bound bite bit bitten B bleed bled bled bless * blest blest blow blew blown break broke broken breed bred bred bring brought brought broadcast broadcast broadcast build built built burn * burnt burnt burst burst burst buy bought bought can could could cast cast cast catch caught caught chide chided chidden choose chose chosen cleave cleft cleft cline clung clung come came come cost cost cost creep crept crept cut cut cut deal dealt dealt dig dug dug do did done C D draw drew drawn dream * dreamt dreamt drink drank drunk drive drove driven dwell * dwelt dwelt ate eaten fall fell fallen feed fed fed feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found flee fled fled fling flung flung fly flew flown forbid forbade forbidden foreknow foreknew foreknown foresee foresaw foreseen foretell foretold foretold forget forgot forgotten forgive forgave forgiven forsake forsook forsaken freeze froze frozen got <U.S> gotten <G.B> got E eat F G get give give given go went gone grind ground ground grow grew grown hang hung hung have had had hear heard heard hide hid hidden hit hit hit hold held held hurt hurt hurt inlaid inlaid keep kept kept kneel * knelt knelt knit * knit knit know knew known lay laid laid lead led led lean * leant leant leap * leapt leapt learn * learnt learnt leave left left lend lent lent H I inlay K L let let let lie lay lain light lit lit lose lost lost make made made may might might mean meant meant meet met met mislay mislaid mislaid mislead misled misled misspend misspent misspent mistake mistook mistaken misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood mow * mowed mowed outdo outdid outdone overbear overborne overborne overcast overcast overcast overcome overcame overcome overdo overdid overdone overfeed overfed overfed overrun overran overrun oversee oversaw overseen oversleep overslept overslept overtake overtook overtaken overthrow overthrew overthrown M O P partake partook partaken pay paid paid put put put quit quit read read read rebuild rebuilt rebuilt redo redid redone remake remade remade rend rent rent repay repaid repaid retell retold retold rewrite rewrote rewritten rid * rid rid ride rode ridden ring rang rung rise rose risen run ran run saw * sawed sawn say said said see saw seen seek sought sought sell sold sold send sent sent Q quit * R S set set set sew * sewed sewn shake shook shaken shall should should shed shed shed shine * shone shone shoot shot shot show * showed shown shrink shrank shrunk shut shut shut sing sang sung sink sank sunk sit sit sit slay slew slain sleep slept slept slide slid slid slit slit slit smell * smelt smelt smite smote smitten sow sowed sown speak spoke spoken speed * sped sped spell * spelt spelt spend spent spent spin span spun spit spat spat split split split spoil * spoilt spoilt spread spread spread spring sprang sprung stand stood stood steal stole stolen stick stuck stuck sting stung stung stink stank stunk stride strode stridden strike struck struck strive * strove striven swear swore sworn sweep swept swept swell swelled swollen swim swam swum swing swung swung take took taken teach taught taught tear tore torn tell told told think thought thought thrive * throve thriven throw threw thrown thrust thrust thrust T tread trod trodden undergo underwent undergone understand understood understood undertake undertook undertaken upset upset upset wake * woke woken waylay waylaid waylaid wear wore worn weave wove woven wed * wed wed weep wept wept wet * wet wet will would would win won won wind wound wound withdraw withdrew withdrawn withhold withheld withheld withstand withstood withstood wring wrung wrung write wrote written U W
