Open access

Roumanie)Présentation)orale)–)8)juillet)2009)
)
!"#$%&'(("#)*"+,%-.%-+%#%$"#(%/("#+*$"%.'%#.."01%.2-+%+34/'+-*4%'0%56''1%7'$%.2"%
7*.*$"8%9-.2-0%.2"%7$#4"9'$:%'7%.2"%;.#."%<-+-.=%%
>%2'/"%3'*%#$"%0'.%.''%2*0)$3,%#.%.2-+%.-4",%?"7'$"%43%@'44*0-@#.-'0%"0.-.("1%
5Evolution)of)food)design):)from)recipe)to)formulation)concept”)A%;(-1"%
B+%3'*%#((%:0'9,%6''1%-+%#0%"++"0.-#(%/#$.%'7%(-7"%A%;(-1"%A%'7%@'*$+"%9-.2'*.%
7''1,%9"%@'*(1%0'.%+*$<-<"=%;',%6''1%-+%0*.$-.-'0,%?*.%-.%-+%#(+'%1"(-)2.%#01%
/("#+*$"=%C"%@#0%#(+'%@'0+-1"$,%-0%.2"%4'1"$0%9'$(1%9"%(-<"%-0,%.2#.%7''1%-+%
&D>E6,%&%7'$%@'0<"0-"0@",%D%7'$%D"#(.2,%>%7'$%-01*()"0.,%E%EF@-."4"0.%#01%6%
7$"+20"++=%%%
C2"0%9"%.#(:%#?'*.%6''1,%-.%-+%0"@"++#$3%.'%1-+.-0)*-+2%?".9""0%2'4"4#1"%
7''1%/$"/#$#.-'0%#01%-01*+.$-#(%/$'1*@.+%A%;(-1"%
;',%-0%@'0.$#+.%.'%@'':+%#01%@2"7+,%92'+"%4#-0%-0."$"+.+%#$"%-0%:-.@2"0,%6''1%
+@-"0.-+.+%#01%"0)-0""$+%#$"%@'0@"$0"1%?3%(#$)"G+@#("%/$'1*@.-'0%'7%2-)2G
H*#(-.3%0*.$-.-'*+%7''1+,%+#7"%7'$%@'0+*4/.-'0,%/#$.-@*(#$(3%#7."$%"F."01"1%
.-4"+%'7%+.'$#)"=%
C2-("%@'':+%*+"%$"@-/"+,%6''1%."@20'(')-+.%#//(3%7'$4*(#.-'0%@'0@"/.=%
;(-1"%%
I3%1"7-0-.-'0,%#%$"@-/"%-+%#%+".%'7%1-$"@.-'0%9-.2%#%(-+.%'7%-0)$"1-"0.+%7'$%4#:-0)%
'$%/$"/#$-0)%7''1=%
>0%@'0.$#+.,%7'$4*(#.-'0%-+%"F/$"++"1%-0%+3+."4#.-@%."$4+%#01%@'0@"/.+=%
I*.,%.2-+%-+%0'.%'0(3%#%."$4-0'(')3%/$'?("4=%>0%7#@.,%$"@-/"+%#$"%.$#1-.-'0#((3%
?#+"1%'0%"4/-$-@%'?+"$<#.-'0+%#01%"F/"$-4"0.+%J-0%4'+.%@#+"+,%.$-#(K"$$'$%*0.-(%
#@2-"<-0)%#%)''1%.#+.3%$"+*(.L=%%
>0%@'0.$#+.,%7'$4*(#.-'0+%#$"%?#+"1%'0%7*01#4"0.#(%%/23+-@'@2"4-@#(%'$%
?-'/23+-@#(%/$-0@-/("+%=%%%%%%
%%%%%

C"((,%#7."$%.2-+%+2'$.%-0.$'1*@.-'0%92-@2%9#+%#0%#.."4/.%.'%"F/(#-0%.2"%.-.("%'7%
43%/$"+"0.#.-'0,%(".%*+%('':%#.%+'4"%/$#@.-@#(%#+/"@.+%'7%7''1%7'$4*(#.-'0%
"0)-0""$-0)=%
;(-1"%%
C"%+@-"0.-+.+,%"0)-0""$+%#01%."@20'(')-+.+%2#<"%.'%4"".%.2"%@2#(("0)"+%.'%
/$'<-1"%.2"%?#+-+%7'$%.2"%/$'1*@.-'0%'7%1"(-)2.7*(%/$'1*@.+%#01%.'%1"(-<"$%#((%.2"%
&D>E6%$"H*-$"4"0.+%
M2"%7-$+.%@2#(("0)"%-+%.'%@'0+-1"$%.2"%1-77"$"0.%#+/"@.+%'7%7''1%@'4/("F-.3=%
M2"0%.2"%'.2"$%@2#(("0)"+%#$"%$"(#."1%.'%.2"%1-77"$"0.%+.#)"+%'7%7''1%
/$'1*@.-'0%
G%+"("@.-'0%'7%$#9%4#."$-#(+%#01%*01"$+.#01-0)%.2"-$%%
%%/$'/"$.-"+%#01%.2"-$%(-4-.#.-'0+%
G%-0)$"1-"0.%/$"/#$#.-'0%J1"<"('/-0)%-0)$"1-"0.,%("#$0-0)%.'%4#0-/*(#."%#01%
#(+'%7-01%.2"%?"+.%.''(+%.'%-0.")$#."%.2"%-0)$"1-"0.%-0.'%#%+/"@-7-@%4-F.*$"%'$%
@'4/'+-.-'0L%%%
G%/$'@"++-0)%J#((%"0)-0""$-0)%."@20-H*"+%A%4-F-0),%"<#/'$#.-'0,%".@=%4*+.%?"%
1'0"%.'%/"$7"@.-'0L%%
G%/#@:#)-0)%J#%<"$3%@$-.-@#(%+.#)"%-0%7''1%/$"/#$#.-'0,%4#0*7#@.*$"%#01%+.'$#)",%
#01,%%#+%"4/2#+-+"1%?3%6$#0:%!"%N(-")2"$"%#%9#3%.'%-00'<#."L%%
B+%.-4"%-+%#%(-4-.-0)%7#@.'$,%>%9-((%'0(3%7'@*+%-0%43%/$"+"0.#.-'0%'0%.2"%7-$+.%.2$""%
/'-0.+%O%%6''1%@'4/("F-.3,%+"("@.-'0%'7%$#9%4#."$-#(%#01%0"9%-0)$"1-"0.%
1"<"('/4"0.%J.2'+"%#$"%$"(#."1%.'%43%'90%$"+"#$@2%#@.-<-.-"+L=%%
;',%7-$+.%'7%#((,%(".%*+%.#(:%#?'*.%7''1%@'4/("F-.3%A%;(-1"%
%B%7''1%/$'1*@.%.3/-@#((3%@'0.#-0+%4#03%@(#++"+%'7%4'("@*(#$%@'4/'0"0.+=%
;'4"%#$"%/$"+"0.%-0%(#$)"%/$'/'$.-'0+%J9#."$,%(-/-1+,%+.#$@2,%/$'."-0+L,%'.2"$%-0%
+4#((%'$%.$#@"%#4'*0.+%J7'$%-0+.#0@",%"4*(+-7-"$+,%7(#<'*$+,%<-.#4-0+,%===L=%
6'$4*(#."1%7''1%/$'1*@.+%#$"%<"$3%@'4/("F%+3+."4+%-0%92-@2%4'("@*(#$%
-0."$#@.-'0+%#4'0)%1-77"$"0.%-0)$"1-"0.+%1-@.#."%.2"%+.$*@.*$#(%#01%."F.*$#(%
/$'/"$.-"+%'7%7''1+=%
D"$"%-+%#0%"F#4/("%.'%-((*+.$#."%7''1%+.$*@.*$#(%@'4/("F-.3%A%;(-1"%%

M2-+%/$'1*@.%-+%"#+3%.'%"#.%?*.%0'.%+'%"#+3%.'%1"+-)0%#01%7#?$-@#."=%>01""1,%3'*%
2#<"%#%7-$+.%(#3"$%'7%@2'@'(#."G(-:"%@'#.-0)%7#.,%?-+@*-.+,%#"$#."1%7-((-0)%#01%(-H*-1%
7-((-0)=%%
C2"0%"#.-0)%.2-+%:-01%'7%@'07"@.-'0#$3%J+9"".+L,%1-1%3'*%"<"$%#+:%.2"%7'(('9-0)%
H*"+.-'0+O%%
G D'9%1'%.2"3%)".%.2-+%+'7.%@"0.$"%-0+-1"%.2"%@2'@'(#."%(#3"$P%%
G D'9%1'%.2"3%/$"<"0.%.2"%@'#.-0)%?$"#:#)"%1*$-0)%+2-//-0)P%
G D'9%1'%.2"3%(-4-.%.2"%.$#0+7"$%'7%9#."$%'$%7(#<'*$%7$'4%.2"%7-((-0)%.'%.2"%
?-+@*-.P%%
C"%@'((#?'$#."%-0%Q"4?('*F%B)$'GI-'%M"@2%9-.2%/$-<#."%@'4/#0-"+%.'%+'(<"%.2-+%
:-01%'7%/$'?("4+=%6'$%.2#.%/*$/'+",%9"%#$"%2"(/"1%?3%?-'/23+-@+%."@20-H*"+=%
;(-1"%
M2"0,%7''1+.*77+%#$"%)'<"$0"1%?3%.2"%$*("+%'7%+'7.%@'01"0+"1%4#.."$%/23+-@+%
?*.%9-.2%#((%@'4/(-@#.-'0+%$"(#."1%.'%$"#(%+3+."4+=%>.%4"#0+%-0%7#@.%.2#.%7''1%
+@-"0@"%/$'7-.%"0'$4'*+(3%7$'4%/#$#(("(%1"<"('/4"0.+%4#1"%-0%?-'/23+-@+,%
4#."$-#(+%+@-"0@"%#01%0#0'."@20'(')3=%6'$%-0+.#0@",%9"%*+"%-0%'*$%(#?'$#.'$3%
!;&,%RG$#3%1-77$#@.-'0,%STU=%V7%@'*$+",%.2"+"%."@20-H*"+%9"$"%0'.%-0-.-#((3%
1"<"('/"1%.'%+.*13%7''1+=%%%%%
I*.%2'9%@#0%9"%@'0@"/.*#((3%#//$'#@2%.2"%2"."$')"0"-.3%'7%7''1+P%
M'%#0+9"$%.2-+%H*"+.-'0,%>%9'*(1%(-:"%.'%/$"+"0.%#%7'$4#(%+3+."4%'7%
@(#++-7-@#.-'0%/$'/'+"1%?3%D"$<W%M2-+,%#%6$"0@2%+@-"0.-+.,%.'%1"+@$-?"%
4*(.-/2#+-@%+3+."4+%#01%/23+-@#(%4-@$'+.$*@.*$"=%>.%-+%9'$.23%.'%0'."%.2#.%
D"$<W%M2-+%-+%#(+'%.2"%7#.2"$%'7%#%H*-."%$"@"0.%1-+@-/(-0"%@#(("1%5T'("@*(#$%
Q#+.$'0'438=%%%%%
;(-1"%
M2"%7'$4#(-+4%*+"+%X%(".."$+%@'$$"+/'01-0)%.'%"1-?("%/2#+"+%#01%X%@'00"@.'$+%
@'$$"+/'01-0)%.'%'/"$#.-'0=%%
&'0@$"."(3,%.2-+%7'$4#(%+3+."4%'7%@(#++-7-@#.-'0%#(('9+%*+%.'%/23+-@#(%
4-@$'+.$*@.*$"%'7%"<"$3%7''1%/$'1*@.=%%

6'$%"F#4/(",%-.%-+%/'++-?("%.'%1"4'0+.$#."%.2#.%.2"%XYZ%@(#++-@#(%6$"0@2%+#*@"+%
@#0%?"%?$':"0%1'90%-0.'%[\%1-+.-0@.%.3/"+%J7$'4%<"$3%+-4/("%+3+."4%.'%<"$3%
@'4/(-@#."1L=%%%
>%9'*(1%(-:"%.'%/'-0.%.2"%$"1%7'$4*(#%'*.%J;#*@"%B(?"$.%O%JD];]JEK;LLKEL=%
M2"%+3+."4%#(+'%#(('9+%.2"%@$"#.-'0%#01%/#-$-0)%'7%?-((-'0+%'7%0'<"(,%/'."0.-#((3%
.#+.3%/$'1*@.+^%J?3%$#01'4(3%)"0"$#.-0)%#%7'$4*(#%1"+@$-?-0)%.2"%+.$*@.*$"%'7%#%
/$"<-'*+(3%0'0"F-+."0.%/$'1*@.L=%%%%
I"-0)%#9#$"%'7%.2"%@'4/("F-.3%'7%.2"%.#$)".%/$'1*@.,%.2"%0"F.%+."/%-+%.2"%
+"("@.-'0%'7%$#9%4#."$-#(+%#01%-0)$"1-"0.+=%
;(-1"%
M2"%@2'-@"%'7%#((%$#9%4#."$-#(+%2#+%.'%?"%1'0"%#@@'$1-0)%.'%.2"%7'(('9-0)%
@'0+.$#-0.+%O%%%
G%_#9%#01%7''1%(")-+(#.-'0%
G%6-0#0@-#(%@'+.%
G%S*.$-.-'0#(%H*#(-.3%
G%;"0+'$3%/$'/"$.-"+%
G%`23+-@'@2"4-@#(%/$'/"$.-"+%
;(-1"%
M2"+"%2#<"%.'%?"%@2'+"0%#@@'$1-0)%.'%.2"-$%."@20'7*[email protected]'0%J'$%
."@20'7*0@-''0#(%/$'/"$.-"+L=%Q"0"$#((3%+/"#:-0),%.2"%."@20'7*0@.-'0%-+%.2"%
*.-(-.#$-#0%7*[email protected]'0%'7%#%.2-0)%J@'0@"/.%*+"1%7'$%-0+.#0@"%-0%#$@2#"'(')3L=%;',%-0%
7''1%+@-"0@",%."@20'7*0@.-'0#(%/$'/"$.-"+%'7%-0)$"1-"0.+%"0@'4/#++%.2'+"%
/23+-@'@2"4-@#(%#..$-?*."+%.2#.%4#:"%.2"4%*+"7*(%-0%7''1%/$'1*@.+=%%
M2"%4#-0%."@20'7*[email protected]'0#(%/$'/"$.-"+%'7%/$'."-0+%#$"%/$"+"0."1%-0%.2"%
7'(('9-0)%.#?("=%6'$%-0+.#0@",%3'*%@#0%+""%.2#.%+'4"%/$'."-0+%J4*+@(",%"))%#01%
4-(:%/$'."-0+L%/$"+"0.%)"((-0)%/$'/"$.-"+=%6''1%+3+."4+%-0."$"+."1%?3%.2-+%
/$'/"$.-"+%#$"%4"#.%/$'1*@.+,%@#:",%?#:"$-"+,%%===%
B0'.2"$%9#3%.'%-((*+.$#."%.2-+%/$'/"$.3=%M2"%7#4'*+%I"()-#0%#$.-+.,%U"0W%
T#)$-..",%@'*(1%2#<"%+""0%7*[email protected]'0#(%/$'/"$.-"+%'7%/$'."-0+%#01%)"(#.-'0%(-:"%
.2-+=%

;(-1"%
a%&"@-%0b"+.%/#+%*0%c*7%d=%M2-+%-+%0'.%"))=%M2-+%-+%#%)"(%'7%92"3%/$'."-0+=%M2#.%
4"#0+%.2#.%92"3%/$'."-0+%@#0%$"/(#@"%"))%#(?*4-0%-0%+'4"%7''1%7'$4*(#.-'0+%
92"$"%)"(#.-'0%-+%$"H*"+."1=%
C"%0""1%'7%@'*$+"%."@20-H*"+%.'%#++"++%."@20'7*[email protected]'0#(%/$'/"$.-"+=%
;(-1"+%
>.%-+%0'9%-0."$"+.-0)%.'%+/"#:%#?'*.%#%@'0@$"."%7'$4*(#.-'0=%_".%*+%7'$%-0+.#0@"%
@'4/#$"%.2"%$"@-/"%'7%2'4"4#1"%4#3'00#-+"%#01%.2"%7'$4*(#.-'0%'7%
-01*+.$-#(%(-)2.%4#3'00#-+"=%
;(-1"%
M'%/$"/#$"%3'*$%2'4"4#1"%4#3'00#-+",%3'*%0""1%===%%
I"#.%-0)$"1-"0.+%.')".2"$,%"F@"/.%'-(=%M2"0%#11%'-(%1$'/%?3%1$'/=%;('9(3%===%
M2"%$"+*(.%@'*(1%?"%-0."$"+.-0)%?*.%?"%@#$"7*(%5!'%0'.%:""/%('0)"$%.2#0%Z%
9"":8=%
M2"%-01*+.$-#(%7'$4*(#.-'0%0'9%G%;(-1"%
M3/-@#((3,%#%4#3'00#-+"%@#0%?"%1"+@$-?"1%?3%.2"%7'(('9-0)%7'$4*(#%O%%
DKE=%M'%@$"#."%.2-+%"4*(+-'0,%3'*%0""1%#%(#$)"%#4'*0.%'7%'-(=%>01""1,%'-(%/(#3+%
#0%-4/'$.#0.%$'("%'0%.2"%/$'1*@.%+.$*@.*$"%#01%."F.*$"%A%;(-1"%%%
C2"0%3'*%-0@$"#+"%+('9(3%'-(%@'0."0.,%3'*%@$"#."%+4#(("+.%#01%+4#(("+.%1$'/%
92-@2%?3%-0."$#@.-'0%9-((%)-<"%-.+%@'0+-+."0@3%.'%.2"%/$'1*@.=%
;'%-7%3'*%9#0.%.'%7'$4*(#."%#%(-)2.%4#3'00#-+",%3'*%9-((%0""1%.'%$"/(#@"%'-(%?3%
9#."$%#01%.2-@:"0"$+%.'%'?.#-0%+-4-(#$%."F.*$"=%%%%
>0%+'4"%@#+"+%'7%<"$3%('9%@'0."0.%J+'4"%1$"++-0)+%2#<"%0'9%("++%.2#0%Re%7#.L,%
3'*%"<"0%2#<"%.'%@2#0)"%.2"%-0-.-#(%7'$4*(#%.'%#%)"(-7-"1%"4*(+-'0=%
>0%$"1,%%-0)$"1-"0.+%0'.%-0%#%2'4"4#1"%4#3'00#-+"=%C"%7-01%#%+"("@."1%'-(%J7'$%
-0+.#0@"%@'(f#,%+'g#%A%$-@2%-0%V4")#%\L,%.2-@:"0"$+%JF#0.2#0",%===,%9"%@#0%#(+'%
*+"%-0*(-0%92-@2%7'$4+%7#.%4-4".-@%)"(+L,%/$"+"$<#.-<"%J#0.-4-@$'?-#(,%