Main hormone secreting adrenal tumors in dogs and cats

Verónica
Requerey Jiménez
Main hormone secreting adrenal tumors in dogs and cats
Verónica
Requerey Jiménez
- Facultat de Veterinària de la UAB – June 30th 2016 -
Bibliographic study of the three most common adrenal tumors in dogs and cats (hyperadrenocorticism, pheochromocytoma, hyperaldosteronism), approaching the subject from the
pathophysiology to recent studies about diagnosis and treatment.
Adrenal primary tumors represent 1-2% of
all canine tumors, being less common in
cats, representing only 0.2%. Thanks to
the greater availability of imaging
techniques like ultrasounds, computed
tomography
(CT)
and
magnetic
resonance
Hyperadrenocorticism
•
PU/
PD,polyphagia
,
Pheochromocytoma
•
Asymptomatic or
Hyperaldosteronism
•
Weakness
,
neck
tomography
(CT)
and
magnetic
resonance
imaging (MRI), the diagnosis of adrenal
diseases has improved. Despite this,
adrenal diseases remain emerging
illnesses often diagnosed as incidental
findings or in necropsy room .
•
PU/
PD,polyphagia
,
panting,abdominal
enlargement,endocrine
alopecia.
•Increased AP , ALT,
cholesterol and
hypertension
•
Asymptomatic or
lethargy, weight loss,
anorexia, panting,
PU/PD,
tachypnea,tachycardia.
• Hypertension.
•
Weakness
,
neck
ventroflexion , PU/PD.
•Hypertension,
hypokalemia.
Abdominal Ultrasound
Adrenal mass Radiography Metastases
lymphoma
Low-Dose dexamethasone suppression test
or ACTH stimulation test
Plasma-free metanephrine
and free
normetanephrine measurement
Aldosterone: Renin Ratio
These three diseases sometimes
show non-specific clinical signs
making it confusing and complicated
to
reach
an
adrenal
disease
diagnose
.
Positive Negative
Adrenal HAC
Negative Positive
Pheochromocytoma
Negative Positive
Secondary
Primary
to
reach
an
adrenal
disease
diagnose
.
Because of that, it could be included
in the diagnostic protocol of these
cases, an ultrasound examination of
adrenal glands. This way, adrenal
damage could be discarded and
misdiagnosis or empirical treatments
could
be
avoided
.
Adrenal HAC
Removable
t
umor
Unresectable
tumor
Sex
hormones
Nonfunctional
tumor
Pheochromocytoma
Removable
tumor
Unresectable
tumor
Secondary
Hyperaldosteronism
Nonfunctional
tumor
Primary
Hyperaldosteronism
Removable
tumor
Unresectable
tumor
could
be
avoided
.
The implementation of blood pressure
mesure in physical examinations
could be useful in the suspicion of a
cortical or medular tumor that rises
systholic pressure.
Publication
of
veterinary
clinical
t
umor
Adrenalectomy Trilostane
Granuloma,
abscess,
myelolipomas,
hematomas
Adrenalectomy Phenoxybenzamine
granuloma,
abscess,
myelolipomas,
hematomas Adrenalectomy
Potassium
gluconate,
Spironolactone
Amplodipine,
Publication
of
veterinary
clinical
cases and the advances in human
medicine can be also useful and
guide to new lines of investigation and
improve our diagnosis and
treatments.