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Dynamics of the in vitro emergence of escape mutants of the peste des petits ruminants
virus (PPRV) to interfering RNAs targeting the nucleoprotein gene: implications for
therapeutics
Abstract
Viruses in the genus Morbillivirus, within the family Paramyxoviridae are responsible for
severe humans and animal diseases, including measles, rinderpest (RP) and peste des petits
ruminants (PPR). In spite of the existence of efficient vaccines against these diseases, specific
treatments to be applied when the infection is already present are desirable. Inhibition of
morbillivirus replication can be achieved by RNA interference (RNAi), a mechanism of post-
transcriptional gene silencing triggered by small double-stranded RNA (siRNA). The Cirad
previously identified three siRNAs that target conserved regions of the essential gene encoding
the viral nucleoprotein and are able to prevent in vitro at least 80% of the replication of
measles, RP and PPR viruses . However, a major problem in RNAi is the important risk of
emergence of escape mutants. In this study, we investigated the ability of PPR virus to escape
the inhibition conferred by single or multiple siRNAs after several consecutive transfections in
vitro. Except with the combination of the three different siRNAs, the virus systematically
escaped RNAi after 3 to 20 consecutive passages. The mutations were characterized by either
single or multiple punctual nucleotide mutations (synonymous or not) or a deletion of a stretch
of 6 nucleotides into the siRNA target. These results demonstrate that the genomic plasticity of
morbilliviruses, illustrated maily by this significant and no-deleterious deletion in an essential
viral gene, should be considered as an obstacle to the use of RNAi in antiviral therapy.
However, the combined use of three siRNAs can be proposed to prevent treatment failure with
siRNAs.
KEYWORDS: Morbillivirus, peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), RNA interference
(RNAi), siRNA, escape virus, antiviral therapy, genomic malleability.
Carine L. HOLZ
Laboratoire : Cirad – Département Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 15 “Contrôle des Maladies
Animales Exotique et Emergentes”, équipe de virologie, Campus International de Baillarguet,
34398 Montpellier, cedex 5, France.