Embryologie cardiaque

publicité


•  
 
• !


$
!
%
 &
"
!
+
#
Croissant
cardiaque
!

())*
J18
J23
30
Corne D du sinus veineux
Apparition VP 1°
Arcs Ao 2 et 3
40
42
44
50
#' 
(!,
"!-

•
-.
/0 '
!!/12 
!,!1!


• 3 ,
0!
!
!
Gastrulation
--
 
 
 

 !"
• (4
!1

• ,!
• ('% !
!0'156
• (--
! '
0 05$7*6
• 56,!
452116
 !"
Endoderme dorsal
dpp,wg
(famille TGF-ß, ss-groupe BMP)
Mésoderme
tinman, Nkx-2.5
(homeobox gènes)
Spécification des cellules cardiaques
95% = myocytes
5% = cellules endocardiques
Mef2
GATA4-5-6
TBX
Hand
3 lignées
oreillettes
ventricules
tissu conduction
7$=>)()3?# =? @A
• 89':; ,.'! 
! 
• 89':;,
– -

– !!/
--/!</!

7$=>)()3?# =? @A
"!• (!
!!1
 0,!
56
• -'!1!
 0,
!-'
,!56
(-',
(1!
#$
Aire cardiaque
primitive
%
• .!

• "B#*,
/!
!• (!,''
B#*
• (0C 
1!!-
 !##
Second
champ
cardiaque
#$ 
• *1!!-,
1
• 1!5D=/6
– 7 ,*2',/!
/!/
–
,*2,
/0%
• #E
• <0%/
'56
• #0!
– #/ </
Early looping
J23
Courbure
interne
 



 


Plaque
cardiogénique
Cœur définitif
Tube cardiaque primitif
"4
(F!
"4
,F!
-
• (!
• (
• (G

*
"4
(F!
(!/#/+
(!,
(1


• !
• !-
–  ' H/'
!15!26
–  ' /!
/!2'5
!16I!0

!
&'($)*
D-loop
7$=>)()3?# =? @A
+,++-
Nœud de Hensen
(ligne primitive)
LEFT
RIGHT
LRD, DNAH5
Shh
Activin
Gènes de
la ligne
médiane
Plaque cardiogénique
Nodal
Lefty
Pitx2 (c)
Tube cardiaque primitif
BMP-4
Flectin
hLAMP 1
SnR1
JB3
"4
(F!
(!/#/+
(,

#
(4 JF
#
#B
)
)
)3
# <
<
<
# <
<3
#'
<3
..,+++
/++
• (4K ''
!!
1!5!2,/
!2',6
• !-,
– '!
– 1
• L,
– , <
• !-
– !-
• !!!
0++
#
?

$
:

$
:
# <
*-
*-!-
#'
)
L
•
!– !
– B
– #')<
• #
– *0
% << 
5/G6
• #'
– #
(,
!!1
#E

1!

#B
)
<
<3
• #
5M36
• 
% <
• #

0%


• #.!

5 # 6
• # 
ACA
• !!!
 -!
1!
!!
5
'6
+,.+1+
• !-,
– .7(#<,!-'
– N5N 86/7-,</N589':;6<3
• #,
– .7(#  </
<5'!/!!
6
– O5PQ !6,R!
!?<5#?<S6
– -<5
C <3 # <6
%++1+
,1+2+3+
• !,!'
<)/<!
R
• !!0<
!'!!-
5!-6 !
!

• !-!
 !

Courbure
interne
,1+2+ 3+
Courbure
interne
Bande pariétale (ventriculo-infundibular fold)
$
SB
$7
Primary fold
(anneau primitif)
Entonnoir
tricuspidien
+
Bande modératrice
Bande septale
E! JF, !
4+,1+5 &'($3+65
+,
• B!1
– !T/(/(U51
1/(
!'
• B!
– B%<?
– 1

(
• #,-
– 
– -% <
• #,7!

– <
– !
– N!!
•
 <
!
• (! !

• 7!V
• !,
– 5# <6
– 5#? 6
– <5#?<6
• 1!5!6/
/VV:
%++
++17
<,
Corne gauche
Corne droite
du sinus veineux
sinus veineux
Vue postérieure
du coeur
<!,
7
51!!6
<!
/33:?J#
='!
7

'
##!
#5!6
%++
• ),
!
• 1!
,!
 

Septum primum
%++
Vestibular
spine
Bourgeons
endocardiques
#J711
%++1+
8+113$++
+1+
• #!!

• !,!
!!5E6

• < <5# <6
-0!


!-R

Signaux
myocarde
W ,-
!11
"
W crête
neurale
W !
7R56
*B B?)8#)8)B=A8#AB# <
MUSCULARISATION
Courbure
interne
CAV
"4
(F!
(!/#/+
9$
8++++1
:,2+
#E

1!

+
=)B B?)8
#B
)

*
<
<3
!
#+3?83
#48
8+
+
!!!

!
*
Y
$
B
$7
VD
VG
(!-/!
-
/E!
G5;X%6
 *
Septal
band
MUSCULARISATION
Courbure
interne
Petite
courbure
Early looping
Ao AP
Convergence
Wedging
.++
31+
• >!
L-
!!
!• *- 
51!!
!6
#?<
5!16
0%1
Z #0%

!-
% 
-0%
1[:
Lamers WH et al : « New findings concerning ventricular
septation in the human heart. Implications for
maldevelopment »
Circulation 1992 ; 86 : 1194-1205
0%1
• ( 
-
– --
– 0%1,!
056/
!Z  \ 5G6
• !,7
1
576
5<?"6
Septation
conotruncale :
LA CRETE
NEURALE
CARDIAQUE
   
 
• #E,
• '!0,
– ,!0%,

– !,5<?/
" *)/'!6
– %
• N,35:6
%+++$
;:+,
• !1
//!.
5##6
• *! 00%/
!.!/%
– 
– 5!6
• (!!! # 
2 
0%%!
+,$
1+9
• 
• !0 # 5 *6,
– # !%0%
– -0G5!R
!--6
– !15<?/"/ *)6
•
!
– -0% 
!

$++4+<
+,
1!

-E
-0%
! 0
#E

#B
)
-00%
<
-G
<3
# =?)* BN?#)8)B=A8# (
%+++
• #E,
– 
– !
•

,
– !
– G
– !
0
Waldo et al, Dev Biol 2005 ; 281 : 78-90.

• <0%,F!
– *'
• 
– 
• 
• B.!
– ?5Z  \6
• <<
#
#]
#
!0%
• ('5 &  6!

• * 
– ! !!– *Z ! \ 
!

• "!
–
–
 / 
* 3/& 
• !-
– " !-'P
-!
– 1--E  *
;+,)+.9++*$
+9
#!1

– "/ *)
– B
– #<?/?
– #?<56
• B!'
– !1G
– 7, 35
1'/6

*
*
=,+8+
• ,
1!!

!
CIV conoventriculaire
Dextroposition aortique
Sténose sous-pulmonaire
Hypertrophie ventriculaire
droite
VD
VG
=+,
3
$,
• (<?0E!!
 ,
– Z ! \ ,Z 4
!- \
– !1!!!<3
– <?Z  \
– !,G/
K!
!
– #?<
–  5G6!
5G6
Crête
neurale
Aire cardiaque
antérieure
Ao
AP
Wedging
« normal »
CT
O
Cœur nl
Ao
VD
AP
VG
Wedging
« inversé »
! #+
TGV
3
$,
()3>*
• 3!  ,<?
<?Z - \ !--
G
• 3!  ,<?P
5<36 <<?Z ! \
Z ! \
• 3! F ,!E
1'
Plus l’anomalie survient tôt dans le développement,
plus la malformation est complexe
()3>*
++
• 3!5<?-6 !1
5-E
#?<%
• 3!5<?!6 
/ !1

#?<
5//6!

8=? "%>="3
Bourgeons
endocardiques
du canal
atrioventriculaire
Bourgeons
endocardiques
du conus
Septum conal
Septum d’admission
Septum interventriculaire primitif
Septum trabéculé
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