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This dissertation, Jeux et enjeux de la traduction du théâtre hétérolingue franco-canadien (1991-
2013) [Translation at Play in French-English Theatre in Canada (1991-2013)], explores language
and performance games inherent to bilingual theatre from francophone theatres in Western
Canada, Ontario and Acadie, before following these games on the road as they are translated for
audience members who don’t have an equal grasp on French and English. Using what I call
“playful translation,” authors, translators, directors and actors collaborate to stage intricate games
of inclusion and exclusion of audience members along linguistic lines. These theatre practitioners
do not ignore language asymmetries in Canada but play upon and against the power dynamics that
enable them. Spectators without access to both languages are made aware that they don’t
understand parts of the performance because they aren’t supposed to; in many cases, they are the
target of the jokes and games played by bilingual theatre artists. This dissertation exposes many of
these jokes at the expense of spectators who don’t understand both French and English, as
bilingual theatre moves, in partial translation, towards Canada’s major theatre centres in English
(Toronto) and in French (Montréal). It takes these two centres as vantage points, but also as targets
for the playful attacks launched by francophone theatres through language and performance.
Performance practices from Canada’s different francophone spaces are taken into account:
shows from Western Canada (Sex, lies et les Franco-Manitobains, Scapin!), Ontario (Le Rêve totalitaire
de dieu l’amibe, L’Homme invisible/The Invisible Man) and Acadie (Empreintes, Les Trois exils de
Christian E.) are analyzed in their production spaces and in the spaces toward which they travel.
Using performance analysis, I verify two hypotheses: the first is that a passage to playful
heterolingualism occurs in the 1990s in Canada’s francophone theatres; the second, that such
playfulness can be transformed as to allow heterolingual theatre practices to circulate towards
Canada’s major theatre centres. Using a comparative approach, I focus on what defines each of
these practices, as well as on what they share. By emphasizing the playfulness of bilingual theatre,
this dissertation challenges and refines previous research on the serious issues around bilingual
theatre in Canada. It takes as its entry point and its final destination an enlarged conception of
translation that includes creative practices both anchored in their contexts and conducive to the
flow of theatre across regional boundaries. This dissertation calls out to us through diverse modes
of translation, inviting us to attend in differential and deferential ways to the games of
francophone theatre in Canada.