Introduction - UMR ESO

0 1%*126,3,/3*/31,, 13,
.3%11,#0%-*.0+%0.*,<0 31A
1%231230#0%-*2#0-A*%+,2%0
20,1"-0+  .0-"-, +,2 *=,6%0-,,+,2 2 *1
1-% 2 1<1+322%-,10.%1-,0,,2311%%,
*11.103037/3*16%**1-4*-++02*
20,1"-0+2%-,1.0-3%21#0%-*121+-8,1
.0-32%-,2%,,,21-36,23,.*%+.-02,2<
,1*+!+2+.1:*20,1"-0+2%-,*1-% 2
0 1%*%,,: *=3%, 2-3(-301 .*31 #0, 1
6*301,6%0-,,+,2*12*1+ ,#+,21%,12%A
232%-,,*1-,2+-%"% *+,1-%**= #0
*=#0%3*23021.-*%2%/31.3*%/31#0-A,6%0-,A
,+,2*1<
1 %,,-62%-,1 , +2%0  1812+1  .0-A
32%-,.*3130*11%""31,2<**10 13*2,2
.-*%2%/31.3*%/31*=22"  0*:1221"  0 1
-31+3,%%.*%2 1/3%,0,2*.0-32%-,#0%A
-* "%,  "6-0%10 3, +%**30 0 .02%2%-, 1
0%$111: 3,  6*-..+,2 1 1.1 03037
2@-3+%37.0-2 #0*1011-301,230**1<= A
6-*32%-,11812+1.0-32%-,,=12.1"-0 A
+,213%13%210 #*+,22%-,1:1%,%22%-,1
-3 1 %,(-,2%-,1 1 .-36-%01 .3*%1 -3 1 +0A
$ 1: 02%,1 .0-32301 1=,##,2 ,1 1
 +0$1 .0-A2%61 , ..-02,2 *301 .0-.01
0 .-,11 37 /312%-,1 1-%*1 2 ,6%0-,,+,A
2*1:,11 +0$1%,%6%3**1-3-**2%61<
=,(3123(-30=$3%.0-3%02-32,-,1-+A
+,2+-%,1011-301,230**12,6*-0%1,2
+%37*1106%1 -1812 +%/31<1+,11
-,1-++2301:/3=%*11-%,2 20,#01-30 1%*%,1:
6-*3,2 #*+,26013,1-%,+%37%,2%"%0
*1.0-3%21*"-%1.-30*30/3*%2 %,20%,1/3+%1
311%:.*31,.*31:.-30*30 2$%/31-%*2,6%A
0-,,+,2*,13,-,272-3*601+,21
1 .02%/31 *%+,2%01 2 =0-%11+,2  *
.0-.-02%-,.-.3*2%-,,130A-,1-++2%-,=*%A
+,21<120,1"-0+2%-,11-,2.-02 1.0,-3A
6**1 "-0+1  #-360,, 1 200%2-%01 2 
.0%1 %1%-,-,3%1,2,-3637 /3%*%01
,202301<22#-360,,102 0%1.0*
+%1,.*--0%,2%-,1$-0%9-,2*1%,10%21
,1*1200%2-%01<
%,1%: 1% * 0-%11, #0%-*  *-,#2+.1 0%+
6 #02%-, *=,6%0-,,+,2 2031+,2
1 %, #*%2 1 1-%*1: -, .32 1 +,0 1% *=-,
11%12 -3 .1  3, > 20,1%2%-, ? .3%1 /3*/31
,, 13"%2*= +0#,,-3637+-*1
 .0-32%-,2-,1-++2%-,<20,1%2%-,,
-301,1*1+-1.0-32%-,2*#12%-,1
1.1 #0%-*1 .32 1 *%0  %"" 0,21 ,%637:
=12AA%0  20601 *1 7.*-%22%-,1 #0%-*1: *1
.81#12*1200%2-%01<=7%12,2*1+,%"1A
22%-,12220,1%2%-,%,200-#,22-32.02%3*%A
0+,2*1# -#0.$12*11-%-*-#31/3%1=%,2 01A
1,237+322%-,111812+1.0-32%"12*301
%,10%.2%-,1200%2-0%*1:37.-*%2%/31.3*%/31#0%A
-*12,6%0-,,+,2*1%,1%/3=*= 6-*32%-,*
 %1%-,.3*%/32*%2-8,,2 :37+-%*%1A
2%-,11-%*12*%""31%-,1%,,-62%-,12,"%,
 *= 6-*32%-,  * +, 1-%* 32-30: .0
7+.*:1.02%/31*%+,2%01<
,10:* *-02-%0 1.12 -% 2 1
BAHGKDC,,1-0#,%1 3,1 +%,%0
%,20,2%-,*> 0,1%2%-,1-%*2,6%0-,,+,2*
11812+1#0%-*12#0-A*%+,2%0130 1%* ?:
*I2*J 60%*FDEG:32-30/3*/312$+1* 1
.-30 2201$,#+,211-%372,6%0-,,A
+,237""2,2*=#0%3*2302*+-,030*0 A
1%*%,1<.0 1,2-11%012-,12%23 %"" 0,21
02%*1 %1131  -++3,%2%-,1 .0 1,2 1 *-01 3
1 +%,%0<320601= 2311:*13230120%A
2,21.0-* +2%/31 -,2122%-,3+-*
-+%,,2:*+0#%,*%12%-,02%,1.-.3*A
61
Transition sociale et environnementale
des systèmes agricoles et agro-alimentaires au Brésil. Introduction
Júlio Cesar Suzuki
université de s opaulo
François Laurent
eso le mans - cnrs
umr 6590 - université du maine
n° 40, mars 2016
E
E S O
O

EA0-3.1-%*-0%#%,%03+ *,#=2$,%1%,%#,1:.-0A
23#%112"0%%,1/3%6%6,2*=#0%3*230:*.!$2
*3%**22C
2%-,1 /3=%* ,20',:   6*-..+,2  +-*1
*20,2%"1 $0$,2  6*-0%10 *1 16-%0A"%0 1
.2%21 .0-32301 2  -,1203%0  ,-36**1
**%,16*1.-.3*2%-,130%,1<
.0+%002%*>0-32%-,206,3,11
9-,1=assentamentos 0303730 1%*;*=7+.*
-,2* - 0,.,+ B22  - 3*-C ?: 
0-100-1-39:.-02130* 232-30
**322.-30*20030 1%*:,.02%3*%0,122
0 #%-,*=720!+312*=22-3*-<*.0 A
1,2 *1 .0%,%.*1 %,20.0 22%-,1 =3, ,(3.-*%A
2%/3"-02:*0 "-0+#0%030 1%*:2*1%""%3*2 1
/3=**,20',<
 -,20%32%-, 106%:>=7.,1%-,
 * +-,-3*230 ,1 * +. 3$ 2 1-,
%+.2 130 * .81# ?: %,200-# *1 +-%"%2%-,1
200%2-0%*1/3%1*%1,2*= $**3.81#0 13*A
2,2  * #0, 7.,1%-,  * 3*230  *=3A
*8.231,1*=22%-0,-3*21-,%,10A
2%-,"37.0-32%-,11-(2*= *6#-6%,<
5*%- 10 393)% 2 0-1 ,0%/3 02%,1:
,1* 272 > -++3,32 1 %01 0 1%*%,,1;
,20.-*%2%/3,6%0-,,+,2*2+-6%20A
%2%-,,* ?: +22,2 , 6%, *1 +,1 /3%
.1,2130*+-6%20%2%-,,*caiçara1,13,
,6%0-,,+,21-3+%1"-021-,20%,211-%*1
2,6%0-,,+,2*1,1*=22-3*-:0"* A
2,23,1%232%-,0%1/31-%*23*230*<
,1>1"++1#0%3*20%10 1%*%,,12*
0*2%-,6%**A+.#,.02%0*.0-32%-,2
* -,1-++2%-,  .*,21 + %%,*1 ?: -1*&
*61-1,2-1:0-130 *%-/3223%90*-1
*6%- ,*81,2 -++,2 *1 16-%01 130 *1 .*,21
+ %%,*11-,26*-0%1 1.0*1"++1.01%0A
3%21 .0-32%-,2-++0%*%12%-,:,1*
+3,%%.*%2   0,%1- *20-: ,1 *=22 
0,<
0 -3. .0*.0-32%-,*%+,2%030%,:
%3*%%$:,1*=02%*>*6%**/3%+,#*
6%**/3%.0-3%2;*=7+.*1Hortelões Urbanos 
-3*- ?:%,200-#*1,-36**1"-,1"%0
*=#0%3*230 , 6%**: ,1 * 0 =3, .0-#0++
+3,%%.*<
,110%:8*6%0-,20%--$:,1
>  * .0-32%-,  * -,1-++2%-, *%+,2%0;
0#01 0-%1 1 ,20 %,-02 B0 1%*C 2 3%0
B0,C?:1=%,2 011,237%03%21-3021,20.0-A
323012-,1-++2301<
1 2721 -,20%3,2 37  21 130 *1 20,1%A
2%-,11-%*12,6%0-,,+,2*111812+1#0%A
-*12#0-A*%+,2%0130 1%*:2*=,*81
*301%+.21130*=+ *%-02%-,1-,%2%-,16%
*.-.3*2%-,:,-2++,2**112 #-0%1*1
.*31.3601<
62 Transition sociale et environnementale des systèmes agricoles et agro-alimentaires au Brésil. Introduction