Education et théorie morale, Didier Moreau, Paris, Vrin, 2011, par

Lu#et#à#lire…#
!
!
!
Education!et!théorie!morale,##
Didier#Moreau,#Vrin,#2011#
#
!"#$%&'()#*'#+%,,'#-%)&#%./'0123#+451)+2'&#6'*#&(--%&1*#',1&'#175%&2'*#8%&(6'*#'1#5+)0(12%,"#9)1(,1#
6'#+2&'#1%)1#+'#*)21':#6'#6'01')&#',#(11',1'#+;),'#&5-%,*'#+532,212<'#',#*'&(#-%)&#*'*#3&(2*#-)2*=)'#()#
32,(6:#26#6)2#*'&(#-&%-%*5#+'#0%,*2+5&'&#645172=)'#+'#645+)0(12%,#0%88'#>),'#50%)1'#+'*#<%2?#-')#
()+2.6'*:#=)4'66'*#-&%<2',,',1#+)#-(**5:#+)#-&5*',1#%)#+)#3)1)&:#',#6'*=)'66'*#,%)*#(<%,*#+502+5#
+4@1&'#0%,32(,1*#-(&0'#=)4'66'*#,'#,%)*#-&%8'11',1#&2',#+4()1&'#=)'#+'#*4',1&'1',2&#(<'0#,%)*#*(,*#
,%)*#0%)-'&#6(#-(&%6'>#-#ABC"#
D4'*1#+%,0#),#-6(2+%E'&#+'#6(#*).126215#0%88'#065#-%)&#(.%&+'&#6(#8%&(6'#+(,*#),#0(+&'#5+)0(123#=)2#
,%)*#'*1#-&%-%*5"#F'#07'82,'8',1#*)2<2#G&(02,'*#5172=)'*#+'#645+)0(12%,:#%&2',1(12%,#+'#645+)0(12%,#
-(&#6(#175%&2'#8%&(6':#0%88),()15#'1#5+)0(12%,:#F%2#'1#5+)0(12%,:#62.'&15#'1#5+)0(12%,H#,4'*1#-(*#
+4(.%&+#&'8(&=)(.6'#-(&#6'*#17I8'*#+'#&536'?2%,#=)2#6'#*0(,+':#8(2*#-(&#6(#+2<'&*215#'1#6(#&207'**'#+'*#
()1')&*#=)2#*'&<',1#+'#-%2,1*#+4(--)2#'1#=)2#*%,1#82*#',#-'&*-'012<'"#J,#<%21#,'11'8',1#=)'#0'#,;'*1#
-(*#K#),'#>*28-6'>#0%,06)*2%,#=)'#!#$%&'()#*%)7(21'#(.%)12&#8(2*#.2',#-6)1L1#K#),#>',0'&06'8',1>#
+'*#0(&(015&2*12=)'*#+'*#&(--%&1*#',1&'#175%&2'*#8%&(6'#'1#5+)0(12%,:#',0'&06'8',1#=)2#-'&8'1#
+4(.%&+'&#6(#=)'*12%,#+(,*#*(#0%8-6'?215#M#-%)&#6'#+2&'#()1&'8',1:#!#$%&'()#(--62=)'#),#-&2,02-'#
>1'&&2',>#N#-%)&#0&')*'&#-&%3%,+:#26#3()1#0&')*'&#6(&O'"#

!"#$%&#'()'*+',-.*/0/,-.)'1/%+*)',/2%',)"0)%'*3$(24+#./"''
D7(0),#1&%)<'&(#-&%.(.6'8',1#+(,*#0'1#%)<&(O'#+'*#&(2*%,*#+'#0%8-&',+&'#-%)&=)%2#645+)0(12%,#
'*1#2,128'8',1#625'#K#6(#-726%*%-72'#8%&(6'"#P%)&#8(#-(&1:#26#84'*1#(--(&)#(**'Q#06(2&'8',1#=)':#
0%,1&(2&'8',1#K#0'#=)'#64%,#-%*'#*%)<',1#0%88'#-%*1)6(1:#>5+)=)'&#,4'*1#-(*#),'#,50'**215#+'#6(#
,(1)&'#7)8(2,'>#G-#RSTH#*2#6;%,#',1',+#>5+)=)'&>#+(,*#*%,#*',*#-6'2,#04'*1#K#+2&'#0%88'#(012<215#
+%,1#6(#32,(6215#'*1#.2',#>6(#0%,+)21'#<'&*#6(#62.'&15#-(&#6(#62.'&15>#'1#%U#>-'&*%,,'#,'#0%88(,+'#8(2*#
%U#*')6'*#6'*#6%2*#'1#6'*#2,*121)12%,*#%.62O',1>G-#RVAH:"##
W2#645+)0(12%,#,4'*1#-(*#X#,(1)&'66'#Y:#(6%&*#'66'#'*1#0%,0'&,5'#0%88'#1%)1'*#6'*#(012<215*#-&%-&'8',1#
7)8(2,'*#-(&#6'*#=)'*12%,*#8%&(6'*#'1#0'6(#(#),'#0%,*5=)',0'#'**',12'66'#N#6'*#=)'*12%,*#5+)0(12<'*#
*%,1#0%,3&%,15'*#()?#62821'*#8@8'#+'*#175%&2'*#8%&(6'*#G-#ZTH"#$(2*#0'#7(,+20(-#'*1#5O(6'8',1#),#
(1%)1#'1#!#$%&'()#-&5*',1'#+'#3([%,#1%)1#K#3(21#0%,<(2,0(,1'#-%)&=)%2#6'*#=)'*12%,*#5+)0(12<'*#*%,1#
),#1'&&(2,#-(&120)62I&'8',1#3(<%&(.6'#-%)&#6(#0%,3&%,1(12%,#+'*#175%&2'*#8%&(6'*#N#6;5+)0(12%,#
0%,0'&,'#),#X#,%#8(,;*#6(,+#1'8-%&'6#Y:#0(&#&'-%*(,1#K#6(#3%2*#*)&#X#0'#=)2#,'#<')1#-(*#8%)&2&#'1#
G*)&H#0'#=)2#,'#-')1#-(*#',0%&'#<2<&'>#G-#\BH"#J,#0%8-&',+#(6%&*#-%)&=)%2#6;()1')&#-&%-%*'#+'#*'#
&535&'&#()?#175%&2'*#8%&(6'*#,%,#-(*#-%)&#-&%05+'&#K#),'#&'3%,+(12%,#+'#6;5+)0(12%,#8(2*#-%)&#3(2&'#
(--(&(]1&'#+'*#-2*1'*#+'#&536'?2%,#(+(-15'*#K#,%1&'#8%+'&,215#'1#1',(,1#0%8-1'#+'#6;28-%**2.26215#+'#
6(#-726%*%-72'#K#3%,+'&#6;5172=)'#G-#ABBZH"#
^(0'#K#0'*#62821'*:#%,#-%)&&(#&'1&%)<'&#+(,*#6(#8)612-620215#+'*#&'**%)&0'*#175%&2=)'*#-&%-%*5'*#+'*#
*)--%&1*#-%)&#),'#&536'?2%,#-6)*#32,'#*)&#6'*#=)'*12%,*#+;5172=)'#5+)0(12<'"#P%)&#8(#-(&1:#/;(2#&'6'<5#
),'#(--&%07'#=)2#8'#*'8.6'#%&2O2,(6'#+'#0%,0'-1*#*(,*#+%)1'#2,*)332*(88',1#8%.262*5*#+(,*#6'#
07(8-#+'#6(#-726%*%-72'#+'#6;5+)0(12%,"#F'*#8'266')&'*#266)*1&(12%,*#*%,1#*(,*#+%)1'#+%,,5'*#-(&#6'#
1&(21'8',1#-&%-%*5#+'*#,%12%,*#+'#,%&8'#'1#+'#0'&121)+'#8%&(6'"#
5/%1)')#'$(24+#./"'6'/7'*8/"'4/1,%)"(')"9."',/2%:2/.'*8$(24+#./"')0#'2"'+%#'
!(,*#),#0%,1'?1'#+'#+2*0)**2%,*#*(,*#32,#-%)&#*(<%2&#*2#6;5+)0(12%,#+%21#+;(.%&+#-'&8'11&'#6;',1&5'#
+(,*#6'#8%,+'#1'6#=);26#'*1:#%)#-&5-(&'&#6'*#',3(,1*#()#8%,+'#+'#+'8(2,:#!#$%&'()#-&%-%*'#),'#
(--&%07'#2,15&'**(,1'#+'#6(#3%,012%,#+'*#,%&8'*#',#5+)0(12%,"#_6#&(--'66'#K#/)*1'#121&'#=)':#*2#
X645+)0(12%,#*'#3(21#()#,%8#+'#6451(.62**'8',1#+'#6(#F%2#G-#CZH#Y:#0;'*1#',#0%,0'<(,1#0'11'#+'&,2I&'#
0%88'#-&%0'**)*#+45<%6)12%,#+'*#,%&8'*#N#645+)0(12%,#,4'*1#+%,0#-(*#,%&8(1&20'#8(2*#,%&85'"#`66'#
-&',+#+%,0#1%)1'#*(#8'*)&'#()#*'2,#+42,*121)12%,*#=)2#X#0%,*2+I&',1#0%88'#<(62+'#1%)1'#,%&8'#
'?2*1(,1'#'1#0':#1(,1#=)4),'#()1&'#,%&8'#,'#64(#-(*#(.&%O5'#G-#RRZH#Y"#9)1&'8',1#+21:#%,#,'#-')1#
5+)=)'&#=)4',#0%,*2+5&(,1#=)4),'#,%&8'#'*1#-%*212%,,5'#+(,*#6'#1'8-*#'1#64'*-(0'#N#*2#645+)0(12%,#
'*1#),#(&1:#04'*1#0%88'#'?-5&2',0'#+'#6(#62.'&15#+(,*#6(#0&5(12%,#+'*#,%&8'*"#
;)%#.#2()'1/%+*)'()'*8$(24+#)2%'6'2"',%/(2.#'()'*8."<)0#.=+#./"',)%0/"")**)'
4/1>."$)'?'*8+,,2.'()'*+'4/112"+2#$'
P%)&1(,1:#6;5+)0(1')&#+%21#+2*-%*'&#+'#-%2,1*#+;(--)2#-%)&#(--&57',+'&#6'*#,%8'*#+'#3([%,#
+E,(82=)'#N#-%)&#0%,,(]1&'#6'#8%,+':#26#3()1#+;(.%&+#X#',#-%**5+'&#),'#28(O'#*1(.6':#&'-%*(,1#*)&#
+'*#0'&121)+'*#=)2#*%,1#82*'*#K#64(.&2#+'#1%)1'*#<5&2320(12%,*#G-#ZZTH#Y"#W)&#0'#-%2,1:#!#8%&'()#
8%.262*'#1&I*#'3320(0'8',1#6(#-',*5'#+'#a211O',*1'2,#-%)&#=)2#>6(#0'&121)+'#'*1#),#&',3%&0'8',1#+)#
*',*#G"""H#'66'#0%&&'*-%,+#K#),#8%)<'8',1#6',1#+'#>82*'#',#*50)&215>#+4),#0'&1(2,#,%8.&'#+'#
-&%-%*212%,*#K#-(&12&#+'*=)'66'*#,%)*#-%)<%,*#1%)1#*28-6'8',1#<2<&'#G-#ZZSH#>"##
############################################################
Z#F;()1')&#3(21#',#-(&120)62'&#&535&',0'#K#6;%)<&(O'#+'#b'&,(&+#a2662(8*:#F;5172=)'#'1#6'*#62821'*#+'#6(#-726%*%-72'"#P(&2*:#c(6628(&+:#ZddB"#

!(,*#),#8%,+'#%U#6'#-6)&(62*8'#(?2%6%O2=)'#,;'*1#-(*#6;'?0'-12%,#8(2*#6(#&IO6':#6'*#175%&2'*#8%&(6'*#
-')<',1#+%,0#*'&<2&#+'#-%2,1#+;(--)2#()?#5+)0(1')&*"#`,#'33'1:#X#+50&2&'#),'#175%&2'#8%&(6'#*)--%*'#
=)'#64%,#-)2**'#6(#0%,*2+5&'&#0%88'#),#',*'8.6'#+'#-&%-%*212%,*#-'&8'11(,1#+4(00%8-62&#),#0'&1(2,#
,%8.&'#+4(012%,*#(32,#+'#&5*%)+&'#),'#0'&1(2,'#06(**'#+'#-&%.6I8'*#G-#ZZVHY"#$(2*#26#'*1#06(2&#
5O(6'8',1#=)'#1%)1'*#6'*#175%&2'*#8%&(6'*#3%,012%,,',1#0%88'#+'*#*E*1I8'*#-%**5+(,1#6')&#-&%-&'#
0%75&',0'#'1#',1&(,1#',#0%,0)&&',0'#-%)&#-&51',+&'#K#64'?06)*2<215"#F')&#8)612-620215#8@8'#&(--'66'#
=);26#,4E#(#-(*#+'#8%,+'#%U#26#*%21#(**)&5#+4507(--'&#()?#0%,3621*#8%&()?#'1#26#,4E#(#+%,0#=)'#+')?#
-'&*-'012<'*#N#*%21#6(#*%621)+'#8%&(6':#*%21#6(#0%,3&%,1(12%,#(<'0#6(#0%88),()15"#G-#ABRH"#F'*#175%&2'*#
8%&(6'*#>,4%,1#+'#3%,012%,#=)'#+'*0&2-12<':#8(2*#',#1(,1#=)'#1'66'*:#'66'*#*%,1#2&&'8-6([(.6'*#
-(&0'=);'66'*#,%)*#&',*'2O,',1#*)&#,%*#1',+(,0'*#5172=)'*>#'1:#-(&1(,1:#-'&8'11',1#6(#0%,3&%,1(12%,#
'1#6;507(,O'"#
@82")',-.*/0/,-.)'()'*8$(24+#./"'?'2")',-.*/0/,-.)'()'*8$(24+#)2%'A'
9)e+'6K#+'#0'11'#8%.262*(12%,#%&2O2,(6'#+'#0%,0'-1*#',#')?e8@8'*#2,7(.21)'6*#-%)&#-',*'&#
6;5+)0(12%,:#),#()1&'#(--%&1#'**',12'6#+'#6;%)<&(O'#0%,*2*1'#',#0'#=);26#-(&<2',1#K#2,<'*12&#+'#3([%,#
2,,%<(,1'#6(#=)'*12%,#+'#6;(012%,#+'#6;5+)0(1')&"#!#$%&'()#0%88',0'#-(&#+5,%,0'&#X),'#(--&%07'#
-%*212<2*1'#+'#1E-'#*%02%6%O2=)'#=)2#0(,1%,,'#6(#=)'*12%,#5172=)'#+(,*#6'#+%8(2,'#5+)0(123#()#
&'-5&(O'#'1#K#6(#X#O'*12%,#Y#+'#&'-&5*',1(12%,*#5172=)'*#&5<56(1&20'*#+)#O&%)-'#-&%3'**2%,,'6#RY"#
P%)&#*%,#(&O)8',1(2&':#26#8%.262*'#+'*#()1')&*#+'<',)*#06(**2=)'*#+(,*#6'#+%8(2,'#+'#6(#-726%*%-72'#
8%&(6':#8(2*#+%,1#6'*#1&(<()?#,;%,1#*(,*#+%)1'#-(*#',0%&'#*)*0215*#*)332*(88',1#+'#&'07'&07'*#+(,*#
6'#07(8-#5+)0(123"#f'#-',*'#',#-(&120)62'&#()?#-&%-%*212%,*#+'#b#a2662(8*"#_6#'*1#',#'33'1#2,15&'**(,1#
+'#*)2<&'#0'1#()1')&#6%&*=);26#&(--'66'#=)'#6(#<2'#8%&(6'#'*1#625'#()?#58%12%,*#'1#()#7(*(&+#+'*#
*21)(12%,*#&',0%,1&5'*#'1#=)':#+'#0'11'#-&582**':#26#0%,*1&)21#6(#,%12%,#+'#X#&'O&'1#+;(O',1#Y"#D'#
&'O&'1#+;),#1E-'#-(&120)62'&#+%21#@1&'#0%8-&2*#0%88'#6'#*',128',1#8%&(6#=)2#*'#8(,23'*1'#
6%&*=);(--(&(2**',1#+'*#0%,*5=)',0'*#2,+2&'01'*#,%,#<%)6)'*#+'*#(01'*#=)2#%,1#515#+502+5*"#_6#+233I&'#
+)#&'8%&+#G625#K#),'#'*128(12%,#,5O(12<'#+'#6(#+562.5&(12%,#8',5'#-%)&#+502+'&#+'*#(01'*#
<%6%,1(2&'*H#'1#+)#&'O&'1#G=)2#0%,0'&,'#6'#158%2,#28-)2**(,1#+'#6;(012%,#+;()1&)2H"#D'11'#,%12%,#
(11'*1'#=)'#,%)*#,'#-%)<%,*#,%)*#+5*2,15&'**'&#+'*#0%,*5=)',0'*#2,<%6%,1(2&'*#+'#,%*#(01'*"#F'#
&'O&'1#+;(O',1#'*1#6;58%12%,#8%&(6'#=)2#,%)*#3(21#.(*0)6'&#+'#6(#&(12%,(6215:#=)2#,%)*#(**)&'#=)'#,%)*#
,'#*%88'*#-(*#&'*-%,*(.6'#'1#=)'#,%)*#,;(<%,*#-(*#K#,%)*#28-)1'&#+'#3()1':#K#6;7)8(,215#=)2#,%)*#
8%,1&'#=)'#,%*#(01'*#-')<',1#(11'2,+&'#()1&)2#-(&0'#=)'#6'*#(012%,*#7)8(2,'*#*%,1#2,'?1&20(.6'8',1#
'88@65'*#'1#0%e*%62+(2&'*#"#W%,#'33'1#'*1#+;',O(O'&#0'6)2#=)2#6;5-&%)<'#+(,*#6'#-&%/'1#+'#6(#
0%,*1&)012%,#+;),'#<2'#5172=)'#0%75&',1'#=)2#-'&8'11'#+'#3(2&'#3(0'#K#0'1#(*-'01#1&(O2=)'#+'#
6;'?2*1',0'"#
F'*#0%,*5=)',0'*#+g),'#1'66'#(--&%07'#*%,1#8)612-6'*#8(2*#6;%)<&(O'#',#-%2,1'#),'#'**',12'66'#N#'66'#
-'&8'1#+'#+5O(O'&:#()#-&%321#,%,#+'#6;5+)0(12%,#8(2*#+'*#5+)0(1')&*:#+'#,%)<'66'*#-'&*-'012<'*#-%)&#
+5-(**'&#0'&1(2,'*#1',*2%,*#*;'?'&[(,1#(01)'66'8',1#3%&1'8',1#*)&#6'*#5+)0(1')&*:#()#1&(<'&*#
+;2,/%,012%,*#0%88'#0'66'*#+'#X#0)61)&'#+)#&5*)61(1#Y"#D'#1E-'#+'#0%88(,+'#3(21#',#'33'1#1',+&'#
6;(012<215#+'*#5+)0(1')&*#+;),'#praxis#G3%,+5'#*)&#),'#+502*2%,#K#-(&12&#+'#6(#<(6')&#+'#6;(012%,#',#
',<2*(O'(,1#6'*#0%,*5=)',0'*#+'#0'66'e02H#K#),'#poiesis#G+502*2%,#K#-(&12&#+)#&5*)61(1#<%)6)#-%)&#
+502+'&#0%88',1#(O2&#G-#dAH"#P%)&#!#$%&'():#26#E#(#6(#),#&2*=)'#+'#+26)12%,#+'#6(#&536'?2%,#5172=)'"#
############################################################
R#F(#=)'*12%,#5172=)'#'*1#(6%&*#&5+)21'#K#6(#&'07'&07'#+'#1'07,2=)'*#-'&8'11(,1#),#X#0%8-%&1'8',1#02<26#Y#()#-%2,1#+;5<(0)'&#6'*#=)'*12%,*#
-&%-&'8',1#8%&(6'*#=)2#*'#-%*',1#K#6;5+)0(1')&#G-CAH#

D'11'#+'&,2I&'#,'#-')1#',#'33'1#&'6'<'&#+;),'#+562.5&(12%,#*)&#6'*#8%E',*#*(,*:#+(,*#6'#8@8'#1'8-*:#
=)'#*;'?'&0'#),'#+562.5&(12%,#*)&#6'*#32,*"##_6#*'8.6'#+2332026'#+'#,'#-(*#*)2<&'#0'11'#-&%-%*212%,#'1#26#
'*1#+;()1(,1#-6)*#51%,,(,1#+'#8%,#-%2,1#+'#<)'#=)'#6;()1')&#,'#*;(--'*(,12**'#-(*#-6)*#(<(,1#*)&#6'*#
(--%&1*#-%1',12'6*#+;),'#5172=)'#82,28(6'A#=)2#*'#+%,,'#-%)&1(,1#-%)&#%./'1#+'#+532,2&#),'#8%&(6'#
(+(-15'#()#-6)&(62*8'#(?2%6%O2=)'"#
;/"4*20./"'
D'#1'?1'#'*1#+;(.%&+#'1#(<(,1#1%)1#),'#2,021(12%,#K#6(#&536'?2%,#8%&(6'#'1#+%,0#K#),#&'1%)&#K#),#*',*#
-6'2,#+'#6;5172=)'#0%88'#-&2*'#',#0%8-1'#*28)61(,5'#+'*#8%E',*#'1#+'*#32,*S:#7%&*#+'#1%)1#
+%O8(12*8'#8(2*#(<'0#),'#<%6%,15#+;(O2&T#N#X#',1&'#64(<')O6'8',1#+'#0'6)2#=)2#0&%21#*(<%2&#'1#
64(.*1',12%,#+'#0'6)2#=)2#*(21#=)426#,'#*(21#-(*:#26#E#(#64',O(O'8',1#+'#0'6)2#=)2#07'&07'#G-#AAH#Y"#
9.*',0'#+'#+%O8(12*8':#',O(O'8',1:#+'#0'*#+')?#-&2,02-'*:#6;%)<&(O'#,%)*#-'&8'1#+'#&'12&'&#()#
8%2,*#1&%2*#',*'2O,'8',1*#+%,1#6(#-&2*'#',#0%8-1'#-(&(]1#1%)1#K#3(21#2,15&'**(,1'#-%)&#-',*'&#
-(,*'&#hH#=)'6=)'*#=)'*12%,*#<2<'*#'1#(01)'66'*#*'#-%*(,1#()?#5+)0(1')&*#N#
ZH 9#6(#=)'*12%,#+'#*(<%2&#*2#6;5+)0(12%,#+%21#@1&'#&535&5'#%)#,%,#K#),'#8%&(6'#0%88),':#6'*#
&5-%,*'*#06(**2=)'8',1#-&5*',15'*#*'#&'*1&'2O,',1#()#07%2?#',1&'#X#),'#1&(,*0',+(,0'#
851(-7E*2=)'#O(&(,12**(,1#6;(00I*#()#<&(2:#'1#),'#288(,',0'#+'#6(#-&5*',0'#7)8(2,'#
0%,+(8,(,1#()#&'6(12<2*8'#G-#ABCH#Y"#!#$%&'()#-&%-%*'#+'#*%&12&#+'#0'#+)(62*8'#*15&26'#',#
+5O(O'(,1#),'#1&%2*2I8'#-'&*-'012<':#0'66'#+'#6(#W-'01&(6215#N#X#i%)*#,'#*%88'*#,2#/'15*#+(,*#
6;2,+51'&82,5:#,2#-&2*%,,2'&*#+;),'#2,*1(,0'#=)2#,%)*#+5-(**'#M#,%)*#*%88'*#*%62+(2&'*#',#
1(,1#=);2,+2<2+)(6215*#+(,*#,%1&'#1'8-*#GjH#+'#0')?#=)2#,%)*#%,1#3([%,,5*#GjH#'1#=)2#,%)*#
7(,1',1:#0%88'#,%)*#,'#-%)<%,*#(.(,+%,,'&#0')?#=)2#,%)*#*)2<',1#'1#=)2#<')6',1#
(--&',+&'#K#<2<&'#G-#ABCH#Y"#
RH X#D'11'#-&5-(&(12%,#K#),#1'8-*#=)'#,%)*#,'#0%,,(2**%,*#-(*#GjH#*)--%*'#=)'#,%)*#*%E%,*#
(00)'266(,1*#<2*eKe<2*#+'*#,%)<'()?#<',)*:#',#6')&#%)<&(,1#6(#-%**2.26215#+'#,'#-(*#,%)*#
&'**'8.6'&#'1#+'#-%)<%2&#0%8-&',+&'#-(&#')?e8@8'*#6'#+'*12,#=)'#,%)*#6')&#6(2**'&%,*#',#
75&21(O'#G-#ABCH#Y"#
AH !(,*#6(#-%)&*)21'#+'#0'1#%./'0123:#07(0),#-')1#-&',+&'#*(#-6(0'#'1#6K#&5*2+'#6(#<5&21(.6'#62.'&15#
+'#6;5+)0(1')&#N#>@1&'#62.&':#04'*1#3(2&'#0'#=)'#-'&*%,,'#,'#-')1#3(2&'#K#8(#-6(0'#G-#RVTH#Y"#
#
#
k2,0',1#FJl_mW#
############################################################
A#92,*2:#6'*#1&(<()?#l#JO2',#,'#*%,1#=)'#.&2I<'8',1#0215*#G-%)&#@1&'#/)O5*#2,(+(-15*#K#6;5+)0(12%,H#',#-(O'#RTV#
S#k%2&#K#0'#*)/'1#6(#+2*0)**2%,#+'#6(#,%12%,#+'#phronesis#N#F4',/')#+'#6(#-7&%,5*2*#,4'*1#-(*#6(#82*'#K#/%)&#+4),#*(<%2&#8(2*#6(#&5*%6)12%,#K#*'#
6(,0'&#+(,*#64(012%,#-%)&#6(#+2*0)1'&#()#3)&#'1#K#8'*)&'#=)4'66'#*4(00%8-621#N#'66'#&'6I<'#+)#*(<%2&#8%&(6:#6'=)'6#,'#*5-(&'#-(*#32,*#'1#8%E',*#
G-#RAVH#
T#D%88'#6'#&(--'6#P#9)+2:#6;5172=)'#&'6I<'#+;(.%&+#+'#6(#<%6%,15#+'#,'#-(*#6(2**'&#6'*#07%*'*#*)2<&'#6')&#-',1'#,(1)&'66'#GP#9)+2:#*)-5&2%&215#
+'#6;5172=)'H#