Title : "Contribution to Signal, Image and Instrumentation in Astronomy”
Author : Jean-Louis Prieur
Abstract :
In this manuscript, I describe my research work concerning signal and image processing,
and instrumentation for astronomy. I also present the projects I intend to develop in the next
few years. The thematic areas I dealt with were numerous and diverse, and the applications
concerned, among others, visual and spectroscopic double stars, tidal effects in Am-type stars,
shell galaxies, atmospheric turbulence and wind profiles with the SCIDAR technique.
Among the main astrophysical results to which I contributed, are the validation of mer-
ging models to explain the origin of shells around elliptical galaxies, the evidence of the
presence of dark matter in those galaxies, the detailed study of many spectroscopic binaries
with the constitution of representative samples, including long period orbit systems contai-
ning FGKM Am or composite spectrum stars. In particular, a thorough study of a sample of
a hundred Am-type stars highlighted the influence of tidal effects, which contributed to cir-
cularizing the orbits and to synchronizing the spin and orbital motion in many systems. The
fractional critical radii for circularisation and synchronisation that we have determined for our
sample were found to be compatible with Zahn’s theoretical models. We have also compa-
red the estimated ages of our systems with the theoretical circularisation and synchronisation
characteristic times, also predicted by Zahn. We found a fair agreement for the synchronism,
but for circularisation, the tidal effects we have observed are more important than what was
expected by the theory, for Am-type stars with a radiative envelope.
As regards the visual binary stars, in collaboration with a group of European researchers,
we have obtained a few thousand measurements with the PISCO and PISCO2 instruments,
by using the speckle interferometry technique. Those accurate measurements have been ca-
librated in an absolute way with a diffraction grating. Their spatial resolution often reached
the diffraction limit of the telescope. They have already led to the revision of a few hundred
orbits. As their orbital periods are very long, and generally exceed a few hundred years, the
observation of the visual double stars is a substantial program, which requires reliability and
regularity over a very long period of time. This program needs an international collaboration
that has been already active since several generations. As soon as they have been published,
our measures were incorporated into the double star data base of the US. Navy in Washington
DC, which is open to the whole scientific community.
With regard to instrumentation, my activities mainly concerned the designing, construc-
tion and operation of the PISCO and PISCO2 focal instruments. A substantial part was de-
voted to real-time software developments for the remote control of the instruments and the
detectors, and the subsequent data processing. The main selected criteria were “performance
and reliability”, both for hardware and software developments. Indeed those instruments and
programs have been used during nearly every clear night, for many years (more than 20 years
for PISCO, and already five years for PISCO2).
The processing of PISCO data also lead me to developing programs for atmospheric tur-
bulence profile inversion from SCIDAR observations, that can be operated in real-time and
in a non-supervised mode. Those programs allow the restoration of turbulence profiles (C2
N
parameter, seeing, coherence radius and coherence time) and of the wind parameters (velo-
city and direction) in the turbulent layers. When the observations are obtained in “generalized
SCIDAR” mode, we can determine those parameters in all the turbulent layers that have been