!"#$#%&'("#)*+%,-'.,'(/0-*+%,'1'2%3'(425'' ' '6078,'4#"9:)1;*<:9'
='
'
>?@AB!5?C';D5ABEF2'
N.B.$:$Un$certain$nombre$d’items,$signalés$par$un$logo$!$demandent$un$travail$préparatoire$:$lecture$avant$la$
séance$de$TP,$tracé$théorique,$bref$calcul…$
1.#Diaphragme#et#profondeur#de#champ##
#
?9' -#*)' +%,' ):%-' G,-' "87,3),%"-' .,' G%H*I",' :9)' %9,' -)"%7)%",'
granulaireJ',)'+%,'3#"'7:9-8+%,9)'7,-'"87,3),%"-'9,'3,%$,9)'3#-'
.*-)*9K%,"'%9'-)*KH#)*-H,'#33":7/8'.L%9'-)*KH#)*-H,'"*K:%",%&M'
5G'0'#'.:97'%9,'*97,")*)%.,'+%#9)'#%'3:-*)*:99,H,9)'.%'3G#9'7:9<%K%8'.L%9':N<,)'G%H*9,%&M'
;:99:9-'.,%&'.8O*9*)*:9-'P'
'6#'G#)*)%.,'.,'H*-,'#%'3:*9)',-)'G,'O#*)'+%D*G',&*-),'%9'*9),"$#GG,'.,-'3:-*)*:9-'.,'GL:N<,)'),GG,-'+%,'GL*H#K,'-:*)'
7:9-*.8"8,'7:HH,'9,)),M'
'6#'3":O:9.,%"'.,'7/#H3',-)'G#'.*-)#97,'-83#"#9)'G,-'.,%&'3:-*)*:9-',&)"QH,-M'
C:%-'#GG:9-':N-,"$,"',&38"*H,9)#G,H,9)'GL*97*.,97,'+%L#'%9'.*#3/"#KH,'-%"'7,)),'3":O:9.,%"'.,'7/#H3M'
'
4#-'.L%9'.*#3/"#KH,'.,'O#*NG,'.*#HI)",'P'
'
'
4#-'.L%9'.*#3/"#KH,'.,'K"#9.'.*#HI)",'P'
'
#
#
#
#
Expérimentation#:#
6#'G,9)*GG,'7/:*-*,'#%"#'%9,'O:7#G,'OL'R'STUU'HHM'6L:N<,)',-)'+%#-*'3:97)%,G'V.*#3/"#KH,'.,'3G%-'O#*NG,'.*#HI)",'
V=JW'HHX',H3G:08'7:HH,')":%1:N<,)':%'O,9),'O*9,XM'
6#'')#*GG,'.,-'K"#*9-'3/:):"87,3),%"-',-)'O*K%"8,'3#"'%9'*9),"$#GG,'.,'
.,%&'K"#.%#)*:9-'-%"'GD#&,'K"#.%8'.,'GD87"#9'V-:*)'Y'HHXM'6D*H#K,',-)'
7:9-*.8"8,'7:HH,'9,)),'G:"-+%,'G#')#7/,1*H#K,'",7:%$",'#%'3G%-'G#'
-%"O#7,'.D%9'K"#*9'3/:):"87,3),%"M'
!"#$#%&'("#)*+%,-'.,'(/0-*+%,'1'2%3'(425'' ' '6078,'4#"9:)1;*<:9'
T'
'
2%*$",'G#'3":78.%",'-%*$#9),'P'
=ZX'(G#7,"'G#'G,9)*GG,'['GD#N-7*--,'&'R'=UUU'HH',)'GD87"#9'['GD#N-7*--,'&'R'=YUU'HHM'
TZX' >:"H,"' GL*H#K,J' 9,)),J' ' -%"' GD87"#9' ,9' 3G#\#9)' GD:N<,)' ,9' G#' 3:-*)*:9' #.8+%#),M' 6D*H#K,' #' #G:"-' %9,' )#*GG,'
.D,9$*":9'T'HHM'
]ZX'F9'GL#N-,97,'.,'.*#3/"#KH,J'7,'-:9)'G,-'N:".-'.,'G#'G,9)*GG,'+%*',9'O:9)':OO*7,M'6#'-*)%#)*:9'7:"",-3:9.'#G:"-'
['%9'.*#3/"#KH,'.,'YU'HHM'
@,G,$,"'G#'3":O:9.,%"'.,'7/#H3J'.8O*9*,'7:HH,'GL87#")',9)",'G,-'3:-*)*:9-'.,'GL:N<,)'3:%"'G,-+%,GG,-'GL*H#K,'
VOG:%,X'#)),*9)'%9,')#*GG,'.,'Y'HHJ'7L,-)'['.*",'.L%9'K"#*9'3/:):"87,3),%"M'
YZX' (G#7,"' ,9-%*),' G,' .*#3/"#KH,' .,' .*#HI)",' =^' HH' -%"' G#' G,9)*GG,M' @,G,$,"' G,-' 9:%$,GG,-' $#G,%"-'.,'
3":O:9.,%"'.,'7/#H3',)'7:H3#","'G,-'"8-%G)#)-':N),9%-'.#9-'G,-'.*OO8",9)-'7#-M'4:97G%",M'
2.#L’œil#:#
! Les situations proposées ont pour but de modéliser expérimentalement le fonctionnement de
l’œil. Une présentation générale de ces notions est donnée en introduction. A lire avant la séance de
TP (points (a) à (f) ).
a)#Structure#physiologique'P'
V3:%"'*9O:"H#)*:9X''
6#' G%H*I",' ",97:9)",' -%77,--*$,H,9)' G#' 7:"98,'
VO*9,' H,HN"#9,XJ' %9,' 7/#HN",' ",H3G*,' .D/%H,%"'
#+%,%-,J'G*H*)8,')"#9-$,"-#G,H,9)'3#"'GD*"*-'<:%#9)'
G,' "_G,' .,' .*#3/"#KH,' ,)' O:"H#9)' G#' 3%3*GG,J' G,'
7"*-)#GG*9' <:%#9)' G,' "_G,' .,' G,9)*GG,J' %9,' 7/#HN",'
",H3G*,'.D/%H,%"'$*)"8,',)',9O*9'G#'"8)*9,M''
4,)),'.,"9*I",',-)'7:9-)*)%8,'.,'7,GG%G,-'-,9-*NG,-'[' G#'G%H*I",'+%*',9$:*,9)'%9'-*K9#G'8G,7)"*+%,'-:%-'O:"H,'
.D*9OG%&'9,"$,%&'#%'7,"$,#%'3#"'G'`*9),"H8.*#*",'.%'9,"O':3)*+%,M'
6,' 7,"$,#%' *9),"3"I),' G,-' .:998,-' +%D*G' ",\:*)'P'",):%"9,H,9)'.,'GD*H#K,',)'*H3",--*:9'.,'",G*,O'K"a7,'#%&'
*9O:"H#)*:9-'')"#9-H*-,-'3#"'G,-'.,%&'0,%&'V$*-*:9'-)8"8:-7:3*+%,XM'
b)#Structure#optique#de#l'œil,#modélisation#:#
'"8)*9,''87"#9J'
'7"*-)#GG*9''G,9)*GG,'7:9$,"K,9),'['
O:7#G,'$#"*#NG,J'
'3%3*GG,'V*"*-X''.*#3/"#KH,M'
6#'3%3*GG,'<:%,'G,'"_G,'.,'.*#3/"#KH,'P'G,-'-,%G-'"#0:9-'%)*G,-'-:9)'7,%&'3#--#9)'[')"#$,"-'7,'.*#3/"#KH,J',)'
#""*$#9)'-%"'G#'3#")*,'-,9-*NG,'.,'G#'"8)*9,'P'7,-'"#0:9-'-:9)'O#*NG,H,9)'*97G*98-'-%"'GL#&,M'6L:,*G',-)'.:97'3G#78'
.#9-'G,-'7:9.*)*:9-'.,'E#%--M'5G',-)'#33":&*H#)*$,H,9)'-)*KH#)*+%,',)'#3G#98)*+%,M'
@,H#"+%,'P'G,'7"*-)#GG*9'.:99,'-%"'G#'"8)*9,'%9,'*H#K,'",9$,"-8,'.,-':N<,)-':N-,"$8-M'V6,'7,"$,#%'G,-'"81*9$,"-,XM'
'
'
'
!"#$#%&'("#)*+%,-'.,'(/0-*+%,'1'2%3'(425'' ' '6078,'4#"9:)1;*<:9'
]'
'
c)#L'accommodation#:#
4,' 3":7,--%-' -L:N)*,9)' 3#"' G#' .8O:"H#)*:9' .%' 7"*-)#GG*9' [' GL#*.,' .,-' H%-7G,-' +%*' G,' -:%)*,99,9)J' O#*-#9)'#*9-*'
$#"*,"'-#'.*-)#97,'O:7#G,',9'H:.*O*#9)'-#'7:%"N%",M'4,7*'3,"H,)'.L:N-,"$,"'.,-':N<,)-'['.*OO8",9),-'.*-)#97,-M'
;,%&'G*H*),-'.L#77:HH:.#)*:9'P'
'''(%97)%H'3":&*H%H'V(3X'P'G#'3:-*)*:9'.,'(3'8$:G%,'#$,7'GLaK,'P'W1b'7H'V9#*--#97,X'c'=W'7H'V]U'#9-XJ'YU''7H'
VWU#9-XMMM'
?9'7:9-*.I",',9'K898"#G'7:HH,'.*-)#97,'H:0,99,J'3:%"'%9'd*G'9:"H#G'P'TW'7HM'
4,)),'.*-)#97,',-)'G#'.*-)#97,'H*9*H#G,'.,'$*-*:9'.*-)*97),M'
''(%97)%H'",H:)%H'V(@X'P'.*-)#97,'H#&*H#G,'.,'$*-*:9'.*-)*97),'c'['GL*9O*9*'3:%"'%9'd*G'9:"H#GM'
'
@,H#"+%,'P'*G',-)',9'O#*)'3:--*NG,'.,'$:*"'3G%-'3"I-'+%,'G,'3:97)%H'3":&*H%H'(3J'H#*-'GLd*G'-,'O#)*K%,'#G:"-')"I-'
$*),M''
'
;*-)#97,'O:7#G,'.,'GLd*G'P''
L'dil# emmétrope# (œil# normal)# est# au# repos# quand# il# n'accommode# pas,# c'estFàFdire# quand# il# observe# un#
objet#à#l'infini.#
1''''B$,7'%9':N<,)'['GL*9O*9*J'G,'3G#9'O:7#G'*H#K,'7:"",-3:9.'['G#'H#7%G#'V)#7/,'<#%9,XM'
6#'O:7#G,'.,'GLd*G'$#%)'#G:"-'P'''OL@'R'=W'HH'''V3:%"' 'X'V.*-)#97,'7"*-)#GG*91O:$8#X'
1 e%#9.'GLd*G'#77:HH:.,'#%'H#&*H%H'V(3XJ'['3#")*"'.,'G#'",G#)*:9'.,'7:9<%K#*-:9'P' '
' '
:9')*",'' ''V#$,7' X'
'
d)#Pouvoir#séparateur#:#
'4L,-)'GL#3)*)%.,'+%L['%9'*9-)"%H,9)':3)*+%,'['-83#","'.,%&'3:*9)-':N<,)-'3":7/,-M'
'
B' ,)' fJ' 3:*9)-' [' GL*9O*9*' -:9)' .*-)*97)-' -*' G,%"-' *H#K,-' BL' ,)' fL' -,'
O:"H,9)' -%"' .,%&' 7,GG%G,-' 9:9' #.<#7,9),-' .,' G#' "8)*9,' V-*9:9' 7,-'
7,GG%G,-'-L*9OG%,97,9)XM'
'
6,-' 3:-*)*:9-' BD' ,)' fD' -:9)' .8),"H*98,-' 3#"'G,-'"#0:9-'*--%-'
",-3,7)*$,H,9)'.,'B',)'.,'f',)'3#--#9)'3#"'G,'7,9)",':3)*+%,'?M'
'
'*G'O#%)'#%'H:*9-'%9,'7,GG%G,'*9),"H8.*#*",'P'''
?9'#'.:97'P'BLfL'g'W'hHJ'''#$,7' '
2:*)',9'7:9O:9.#9)'GD#9KG,'i'#$,7'-#')#9K,9),J'3%*-+%D*G',-)')"I-'O#*NG,'P'ε'g'W'hHj=W'HH'c''
-:*)'O*9#G,H,9)'ε'g']M=U1Y'"#.''='H*9%),'.D#"7'''
'
4:97G%-*:9'P'6,'pouvoir'séparateur'.,' GLd*G'V:%'résolution' angulaireX' ,-)' .D,9$*":9' =' H*9%),'.L#"7'.#9-' .,-'
7:9.*)*:9-'*.8#G,-'.,'$*-*N*G*)8M'4D,-)'%9,'$#G,%"'['H8H:"*-,"M''
'
Rappelons$que$la$minute$d’arc,$notée$1$correspond$1/60$degré$(comme$une$minute$temporelle$estgale$
1/60$heure).$On$définit$de$même$la$seconde$d’arc$comme$1’‘$=$(1/60).1.$
'
'
!"#$#%&'("#)*+%,-'.,'(/0-*+%,'1'2%3'(425'' ' '6078,'4#"9:)1;*<:9'
Y'
'
' ' e)#Visibilité#:#V3:%"'*9O:"H#)*:9X#
'6Ld*G' 9L#' 3#-' HQH,' -,9-*N*G*)8' 3:%"' ):%),-' G,-' G:9K%,%"-' .L:9.,M' F9' $*-*:9' .*%"9,J' G,' H#&*H%H' .,'
-,9-*N*G*)8' 7:"",-3:9.' [' %9,' G:9K%,%"' .L:9.,' λ''UJW^U'hH'V<#%9,J'7,9)",'.%'.:H#*9,'$*-*NG,J'H#&*H%H'
.D8H*--*:9'.%'2:G,*GXJ'#G:"-'+%L,9'$*-*:9'9:7)%"9,J'7,'H#&*H%H',-)'-*)%8'['%9,'G:9K%,%"'.L:9.,'λ''UJYkU'hH'
VNG,%XM'
' ' f)#Défauts#et#correction#:'V3:%"'*9O:"H#)*:9X#
''6Ld*G'9:"H#G',-)'.*)',HH8)":3,M'
''d*G'H0:3,'P')":3'7:9$,"K,9)J'7L,-)'['.*",'d*G')":3'G:9KM'
6L*H#K,'-,'O:"H,',9'#$#9)'.,'G#'"8)*9,M'6,'((',-)'3G%-'3":7/,'+%,'3:%"'GDd*G'9:"H#G'V+%,G+%,-'7,9)*HI)",-X',)'
G,'(@',-)'['.*-)#97,'O*9*,'V+%,G+%,-'HI)",-XM'6,-':N<,)-'G:*9)#*9-'#33#"#*--,9)'OG:%-M'
''7:"",7)*:9'3#"'%9'$,"",'.*$,"K,9)M'
''d*G'/03,"H8)":3,'P')":3'.*$,"K,9)'c'7L,-)1[1.*",'d*G')":3'7:%")M'
6L*H#K,' -,' O:"H,' ,9' #""*I",' .,' G#' "8)*9,M' 6,' ((' ,-)' 3G%-' 8G:*K98' +%,' 3:%"' GDd*G' 9:"H#G' ,)' G,' (@' ,-)' $*")%,G'
V+%,G+%,-' .*l#*9,-' .,' 7,9)*HI)",-' .,""*I",' GDd*GXM' 6Dd*G' 9,' $:*)' .:97' 3#-' G,-' :N<,)-' "#33":7/8-' ,)' .:*)'
#77:HH:.,"'3:%"'$:*"'9,)),H,9)'['GD*9O*9*'Vm'O#)*K%,XM'
''7:"",7)*:9'3#"'%9'$,"",'7:9$,"K,9)M'
''d*G'#-)*KH#),'P'9:9'-0H8)"*+%,'#%):%"'.,'-:9'#&,M'4,'.8O#%)'3,%)'-,'-%3,"3:-,"'#%&'3"878.,9)-M'
''$*-*:9'9,)),'.#9-'7,")#*9,-'.*",7)*:9-',)'OG:%,'.#9-'.,-'.*",7)*:9-':")/:K:9#G,-M'
6L#-)*KH#)*-H,'-,'7:""*K,'['GL#*.,'.,'$,"",-'#0#9)'G,-'HQH,-'.8O#%)-J'H#*-',9'-,9-'*9$,"-,M'
''d*G'3",-N0),'P'#33#"#*--#9)'#$,7'GLaK,'P'3,"),'.L8G#-)*7*)8'.%'7"*-)#GG*9''H:*9.",'#77:HH:.#)*:9''G,'
3%97)%H'3":&*H%H'-L8G:*K9,M'
'7:"",7)*:9'P'3:")'.,'$,"",-'7:9$,"K,9)-'3:%"'G#'$*-*:9'.,'3"I-'%9*+%,H,9)'c'G%9,)),-'['.:%NG,-'O:0,"-':%'['
$,"",-'3":K",--*O-M'
'
A#9*3%G#)*:9-'-%"'N#97':3)*+%,'P'
'
2.1#Rôle#de#l’iris#:#
6,'O:97)*:99,H,9)'.,'GDd*G'.#9-'G,-'7:9.*)*:9-'.,'E#%--'987,--*),'GD*9),"$,9)*:9'.,'GD*"*-J'<:%#9)'G,'"_G,'
.D%9'.*#3/"#KH,M'
@,9$:0,"' %9' :N<,)' [' GD*9O*9*J' #%' H:0,9' .D%9,' G,9)*GG,' 6:' .,' O:7#G,' OD:' R' STWU' HH' 7:9$,9#NG,H,9)'
.*-3:-8,'3#"'#%):17:GG*H#)*:9M'
6Dd*G'-,"#'H:.8G*-8'3#"'%9,'G,9)*GG,'6='.,'O:7#G,'7:%"),J'OD='R'WU'HHJ'.:97')"I-'N:HN8,J'#H,9#9)'.,-'
.8O#%)-'3#"'#N,""#)*:9'K8:H8)"*+%,M'6D*H#K,':N),9%,J'OG:%,J',-)',9$*":998,'.D%9'/#G:'G%H*9,%&M'
59),"3:-,"'%9'.*#3/"#KH,'.,'.*#HI)",'Y'HH'.,$#9)'6=M'6D*H#K,',-)'H#*9),9#9)'9,)),M'
'
2.2#œil#normal,#œil#myope,#correction#:#
6D:N<,)' ,-)' ",9$:08' [' GD*9O*9*J' .#9-' G,-' HQH,-' 7:9.*)*:9-' +%,' 3"878.,HH,9)M' 6Dd*G' ,-)' H#*9),9#9)'
H:.8G*-8'3#"'%9,'G,9)*GG,'6='.,'O:7#G,'OD='R'TUU'HHM'
6D87"#9J'O*K%"#9)'G#'"8)*9,J'.:*)'.:97'Q)",'3G#78'['TUU'HH'3:%"'",7%,*GG*"'%9,'*H#K,'9,)),M'4D,-)'G,'7#-'
.,'GDd*G',HH8)":3,M'
6Dd*G'H0:3,',-)')":3'3":O:9.'P'",7%G,"'GL87"#9'.,'=]'7,9)*HI)",-''GL*H#K,',-)'OG:%,M'
' '
!"#$#%&'("#)*+%,-'.,'(/0-*+%,'1'2%3'(425'' ' '6078,'4#"9:)1;*<:9'
W'
'
6#' 7:"",7)*:9' ,-)' #33:")8,' ,9' 3"#)*+%,' 3#"' %9,'
G,9)*GG,' 3G#78,' .,$#9)' GDd*G' VG%9,)),-' .,' $%,' :%'
G,9)*GG,' .,' 7:9)#7)XM' ?9' ",3"8-,9),' 7,)),' 7:"",7)*:9'
3#"'GD#--:7*#)*:9'['G#'G,9)*GG,'6='.D%9,'G,9)*GG,'6T',9'%9'
doublet'accoléM'''
'
!''cas'particulier'du'doublet'accolé.'
(#"' .8O*9*)*:9J' %9' .:%NG,)' #77:G8' ,-)' %9' -0-)IH,' O:"H8' .,' .,%&'
G,9)*GG,-'H*97,-'.:9)'G,-'7,9)",-':3)*+%,-'?=',)'?T'-:9)'-%OO*-#HH,9)'
3":7/,-'3:%"'Q)",'7:9O:9.%-M'4,'-0-)IH,',-)'#G:"-'8+%*$#G,9)'['%9,'
G,9)*GG,'H*97,'%9*+%,M'
F)#NG*--:9-'7,)),'8+%*$#G,97,'P' '
.,-'",G#)*:9-'.,'7:9<%K#*-:9'P' ''''
,)''' '''':9')*",J'#$,7'?T'R'?]'R'?'P'' '
",G#)*:9' *.,9)*O*#NG,' [' G#' ",G#)*:9' .,' 7:9<%K#*-:9' .D%9,' G,9)*GG,' %9*+%,' .,' 7,9)",' ?' ,)' .,' .*-)#97,'
O:7#G,'*H#K,'OD'),GG,'+%,'P' R S '
6,-'",G#)*:9-'.,'K"#9.*--,H,9)'.:99,9)'P' '',)'' '
?"J'3:%"'G,'-0-)IH,'P' ',)'7:HH,'?='R'?T'R'?'P' '
Mise#en#garde#:'2*K9#G:9-'+%,'-*'G,'.:%NG,)'9D,-)'3#-'#77:G8J'7D,-)'['.*",'-*'G#'.*-)#97,'?=?T'9,'3,%)'
Q)",'98KG*K8,J'G,'-0-)IH,'9D,-)'3#-'#--*H*G#NG,'['%9,'G,9)*GG,'%9*+%,M''
6,' .:%NG,)' 9D,-)' #G:"-' 3#-' -0H8)"*+%,'P' ,9' ",9$,"-#9)' GD:".",' .,-' G,9)*GG,-J' :9' :N)*,9)' %9' -0-)IH,'
#0#9)'.,-'7#"#7)8"*-)*+%,-'.*OO8",9),-M''
4,)),' -*)%#)*:9' 7:"",-3:9.' ' 3#"' ,&,H3G,' [' %9,' G%9,)),' #-)":9:H*+%,'P' :9' 9,' $:*)' 3#-' %9,' *H#K,'
*.,9)*+%,'3#"'G,-'.,%&'N:%)-'.,'G#'G%9,)),'n'
'
("8$:*"'3#"'G,'7#G7%G'G#'G,9)*GG,'987,--#*",'['G#'7:"",7)*:9'c'"8)#NG*"''G#'9,)),)8'.,'GL*H#K,',9'#<:%)#9)'G#'
G,9)*GG,'6T''V.*$,"K,9),X'7:9$,9#NG,'+%,'GD:9'3G#7,"#'.,'O#\:9'#77:G8,'.,$#9)'GD'o'd*G'pM'
3.#Viseur#ou#lunette#à#frontale#fixe#:#
N.B.$:$Le$principe$et$l’utilisation$de$cet$instrument$figurent$explicitement$au$programme$de$PCSI.$Il$importe$donc$
de$traiter$intégralement$cette$partie.$
!'q9,' G%9,)),' [' O":9)#G,' O*&,J' :%' $*-,%"J' .:99,"#' %9,' *H#K,' 9,)),' .D%9' :N<,)' -*)%8' [' .*-)#97,' O*9*,M' FGG,'
3,"H,))"#'.,-'3:*9)8-'G:9K*)%.*9#%&J'7D,-)'['.*",'+%D,GG,'-,"#'%)*G*-8,'3:%"'.8),"H*9,"'G#'3:-*)*:9'.D%9':N<,)'G,'
1 / 8 100%
La catégorie de ce document est-elle correcte?
Merci pour votre participation!

Faire une suggestion

Avez-vous trouvé des erreurs dans linterface ou les textes ? Ou savez-vous comment améliorer linterface utilisateur de StudyLib ? Nhésitez pas à envoyer vos suggestions. Cest très important pour nous !