Bobines et VHS, regards historiens sur le film de famille, sa collecte

Alain Esmery, Regards historiens sur le film de famille, sa collecte et ses usages, mai 2015, p. 1/6
Bobines(et(VHS,(regards(historiens(sur(le(film(
de(famille,(sa(collecte(et(ses(usages((
____________________________________________
par Alain Esmery
!"#$%&' ()**+' ,"' -./0/%11"' &$.' 1"&' 2%13&' /3/-"$.& /##"14&' /$&&%' 5'2%13&' %647%-&' 8' "-' #1$&'
#/.-%9$1%:."3"6-'&$.'1"&'2%13&'7"'2/3%11";''
<=/%'9>33"694'9"' -./0/%1' 9>33"' .4/1%&/-"$.'7=$6"' &4.%"'9>6&/9.4"'/$'9%643/'/3/-"$.' "-' 7%22$&4"'&$.'?@AB'"6'())C;'
D$%&'7"'())('E'FC(F+'"6'-/6-'G$"'!%."9-"$.'7"'1/'#.>7$9-%>6'7$'H>.$3'7"&'%3/I"&'E'D/.%&+',=/%'>.I/6%&4'1/'9>11"9-"'"-'7"'
1/'9>6&".0/-%>6'7"'2%13&'/3/-"$.&'G$%'&>6-'9>62%4&'#/.'7"&'2/3%11"&;'
<"' #.4&%7"' 1=/&&>9%/-%>6' "$.>#4"66"' JKB!JAL;' M"--"' /&&>9%/-%>6' /' 4-4' 9.44"' "6' ())(' /0"9' 1=>N,"9-%2' 7"' ./&&"3N1".' 1"&'
9"6-."&'7=/.9O%0"&'"-'1"&'9%643/-O:G$"&'G$%'9>11"9-"6-'1"&'2%13&'/3/-"$.&+'3/%&'/$&&%'7"&'$6%0".&%-/%."&+'7"&'9O".9O"$.&+'
7"&' .4/1%&/-"$.&+' 7"&' 7>9$3"6-/1%&-"&' %6-4."&&4&' #/.' 9"&' 2%13&' #.>7$%-&' O>.&' 7"&' 9>67%-%>6&' 7"' #.>7$9-%>6'
#.>2"&&%>66"11"&;'JKB!JAL'./&&"3N1"'/$,>$.7=O$%'$6"'9%6G$/6-/%6"'7"'3"3N."&'7>6-'#1$&'7"'PC'/.9O%0"&'"6'B$.>#";''
Pourquoi(collecter(ces(films(destinés(à(la(mémoire(familiale(?(
Quel(travail(faire(pour(documenter(ces(images,(à(la(fois(sur(le(plan(du(contenu(comme(sur(celui(de(
la(contextualisation(du(récit(?(
Enfin( comment( travailler( à( la( valorisation( de( ces( images( notamment( avec( les( chercheurs( et( les(
historiens(?(
(
J1' 3"' 2/$-' 7/6&' $6' #."3%".' -"3#&' #.49%&".' 9"' G$%' 9/./9-4.%&"' 9"&' 2%13&' "-' 1"&'
7%224."69%"'./7%9/1"3"6-'7"&'/$-."&'I"6."&'7$'9%643/'Q2%9-%>6+'7>9$3"6-/%."+'."#>.-/I"'"-'/6%3/-%>6R;'
S6"' 1%--4./-$."' 9>6&4G$"6-"' "T%&-"' &$.' 9"' &$,"-+' 49.%-"' E' #/.-%.' 7"&' /664"&' *C;' <"' #"6&"' 6>-/33"6-' /$T' -./0/$T' 7"'
@>I".'U7%6;'?$&&%',"'3"' 9>6-"6-"./%'7"' &$.0>1".'9"-'"T".9%9"'"6' #>%6-/6-'9"' G$%' 3"' &"3N1"'V-."'1"&'/&#"9-&'1"&'#1$&'
%3#>.-/6-&' #>$.' /N>.7".' 1/' G$"&-%>6' 7"' 1/' &#49%2%9%-4' 7"' 1"$.' -./%-"3"6-' 1>.&' 7"&' >#4./-%>6&' 7"' 9>11"9-"' "-' 7"'
7>9$3"6-/-%>6;'
'
!"#$%&'()FP'"-'1W%60"6-%>6'7$'2>.3/-')+X'33'#/.'MO/.1"&'D/-O4+'7"&'O>33"&'"-'7"&'2"33"&'&"'&>6-'"3#/.4&'7W$6"'
9/34./'14I:."'#>$.'2%13".'1/'0%"+'1"$.'0%";'Y"/$9>$#'7"'9"&'2%13&'&>6-'74&>.3/%&'."9"6&4&'"-'9>6&".04&'#/.'7"&'9"6-."&'
7=/.9O%0"&'"6'B$.>#";'Z"'.49"6-'&>67/I"'.4/1%&4'#/.'1=?&&>9%/-%>6'JKB!JAL'"6'FC(['/$#.:&'7"'PP'9"6-."&'7=/.9O%0"&'"6'
B$.>#"'%67%G$"'G$"'#1$&'7"'PX'CCC'O"$."&'7"'2%13&'7"'2/3%11"'#.>0"6/6-'7"'#1$&'7"')CCC'74#>&/6-&''4-/%"6-'9>11"9-4"&+'
6$34.%&4"&'"-'7>9$3"6-4"&'E'1/'2%6'FC(P;''
D.:&'7"'F'CCC'O"$."&'&=/,>$-"6-'9O/G$"'/664"'E'9"'N%1/6+'#."$0"'7"'1=%6-"6&"'/9-%0%-4'7"'9>11"9-"'"-'7"'-./%-"3"6-'7"'9"&'
2%13&'"6'9>$.&'"6'B$.>#";'''
'
Z"'2%13'7"'2/3%11"'&"'7%&-%6I$"'./7%9/1"3"6-'7"&'/$-."&'I"6."&'7$'9%643/'#/.'&>6'3>7"'7"'#.>7$9-%>6+'#/.'1"'.49%-+'1/'
2>.3"'7"&'2%13&+'"-'1"'./##>.-'G$=%1'"6-."-%"6-'E'&>6'#$N1%9;'
'
Z"'3>7"'7"'#.>7$9-%>6'\'1=/$->'#.>7$9-%>6'"6'2/3%11"'
'

Alain Esmery, Regards historiens sur le film de famille, sa collecte et ses usages, mai 2015, p. 2/6
M="&-'$6' 9%643/'#.%04+'6>6' 9>33".9%/1+'7"&-%64' E' 1/'#.>,"9-%>6'2/3%1%/1"'>$' "6-."'/3%&;'Z="6&"3N1"'7"&' 2./%&'1%4&'/$T'
3>]"6&'7"'->$.6/I"'"-'7"'#.>,"9-%>6'/%6&%'G$"'1"&'9>^-&'7=/9O/-'"-'7"'740"1>##"3"6-'7"'1/'#"11%9$1"'"&-'#.%&'"6'9O/.I"'
#/.'1"'9%64/&-"'/3/-"$.'"-'."6-."'7/6&'1"'N$7I"-'2/3%1%/1;'
Z"'9%64/&-"'/3/-"$.'/9O:-"'&/'9/34./+'1"'#1$&'&>$0"6-'E'1=>99/&%>6'7"'1/'6/%&&/69"'7=$6'"62/6-+'1"'#."3%".'"6'I464./1+'
#>$.'2%T".'&$.'1/'#"11%9$1"'1"&'3>3"6-&'G$%'3/.G$".>6-'1"'740"1>##"3"6-'7"'9"--"'6>$0"11"'2/3%11";'
'
Z"&'#"11%9$1"&'E'7"&-%6/-%>6'7"&'/3/-"$.&'&>6-'%60".&%N1"&;'M="&-'E'7%."'G$"'1"'&$##>.-'7$'->$.6/I"'"&-'1"'3V3"'G$"'9"1$%'
7"'1/'#.>,"9-%>6;''
Z"&' 2%13&+' G$%' 6>$&' &>6-' /##>.-4&' #/.' 1"&' 2/3%11"&' 7/6&' 1"' 9/7."' 7"' 74#_-+' &>6-' 7>69' ->$&' 7"&'
>.%I%6/$T;'
'
'
Z"'.49%-'\'S6'9/.6"-'7"'6>-"&'9%643/->I./#O%G$"'
'
!/6&' 1/' I./67"' 3/,>.%-4' 7"&' 9>11"9-%>6&' G$%' 6>$&' &>6-' 9>62%4"&+' 1"&' 4046"3"6-&+' &"' &$99:7"6-' 7/6&' 1=>.7."'
9O.>6>1>I%G$"'7$'->$.6/I";'
Z"' #.>,"-' 7$' 2%13"$.' 6="&-' #/&' 7"' ."&-%-$".' $6' .49%-' 9>6&-.$%-' #/.' 1/' &41"9-%>6' "-' 1"' 3>6-/I"' 7"&' %3/I"&' /$->$.' 7"'
&4G$"69"&' 9>O4."6-"&' 3/%&' 7"' 2%T".' &$.' 1/' #"11%9$1"' 7"&' 3>3"6-&' 7"' 1/' 0%"' 2/3%1%/1"' /$' I.4'7"' &/' 2/6-/%&%"' "-' 7"&'
>##>.-$6%-4&+'9>33"'$6'9/.6"-'7"'6>-"&'9%643/->I./#O%G$"'G$%'&"'74#1>%"'&$.'(C+'FC'>$'PC'/6&;''
Z"'2%13'7"'2/3%11"'-./7$%-'#/.'"T9"11"69"'1"'-"3#&'/$'-./0/%1;'K>$&']'0>]>6&'6/%-."'"-'I./67%.'7"&'"62/6-&+'/##/./`-."'7"&'
2.:."&' "-' 7"&' &a$.&+' 7"&' #/."6-&' N1/69O%.' "-' ./1"6-%.+' 7"&' 2"33"&' #/&&".' 7"' 1=4-/-' 7"' ,"$6"&' 2%11"&' E' 9"1$%' 7"' ,"$6"&'
3/.%4"&'#$%&'7"'3:."&;''
Z"' 9%643/' 2/3%1%/1' 74.>$1"' %61/&&/N1"3"6-' 1"' 2%13' 7W/9-"$.&' "67%3/69O4&' "-' &>$.%/6-&+' 9>347%"' 7$' N>6O"$.' .4041/6-'
->$-"'$6"'I4>I./#O%"'O$3/%6"'7W>b'1"&'7./3"&+'1"&'9>621%-&'"-'1"&'#"%6"&'&>6-'741%N4.43"6-'"T91$&;''
Z"'-"3#&'G$%'#/&&"'"&-'7"'2/%-'1"'&$,"-'#.%69%#/1'7$'2%13'7"'2/3%11";'J1'-./7$%-'1/'.4#4-%-%>6'7"&'.%-$"1&'"-'1=40>1$-%>6'7"'1/'
0%"'2/3%1%/1"'"-'/3%9/1";'
'
'
Z/'2>.3"'\'N.$-"'"-'6>6'%6-"6-%>66"11"'
'
@>I".' U7%6' "-' Z/$."69"' ?11/.7' 49.%0"6-' 5'' Le( film( de( famille( apparaît( comme( une( réalisation( intentionnelle( avec( une(
forme(non(intentionnelle '8'Q%6'5'1"'c>^-'7"&'N"11"&'9O>&"&'8'd'B7;'eLf'd'D/.%&+'FCC[R'
Z/' 2>.3"' "&-' N.$-";' Z"&' #1/6&' &>6-' 9>$.-&+' 1=%3/I"' "&-' #/.2>%&' %6&-/N1"' "-' 1"&' ./99>.7&' "6-."' 1"&' &9:6"&' 2./I%1"&' 0>%."'
%6"T%&-/6-&;'Z"&'2%13&'&>6-'3$"-&'&/$2'./."&;'D/.2>%&'7"&'9/.->6&'7>66"6-'$6"'%67%9/-%>6'&$.'$6'4046"3"6-+'1/'7/-"+'1"'
1%"$;'
Z/' 7$.4"' 7"&' #1/6&' "&-' 9>6-./%6-"' #/.' 1"&' N>N%6"&' 7"' 2%13' %6-.>7$%-"&' 7/6&' 1/' 9/34./' 7>6-' 1/' 7$.4"' 6="T9:7"' #/&' P'
3%6$-"&'"-'#/.'1"'9>^-'7=/9O/-'"-'7"'740"1>##"3"6-'7"'9"&'#"11%9$1"&;'
Z"&'2%13&'74#>&4&'7/6&' 1"&' M"6-."&' 7=/.9O%0"&'&>6-'"6' I464./1' E' 1=4-/-' N.$- .( Z"'#1$&'&>$0"6-+'%1'6=]' /' #/&' 7"'3>6-/I"+'
1=/3/-"$.' I/.7"' #.49%"$&"3"6-' ->$-"&' 1"&' %3/I"&' G$"11"&' G$="6' &>%"6-' 1"&' G$/1%-4&' -"9O6%G$"&'\' 1"&' #1/6&' 21>$&+'
&$."T#>&4&'>$'&>$&g"T#>&4&'6"'&>6-'#/&'"61"04&'"-'>6-'1"'3V3"'&-/-$-'G$"'1"&'/$-."&'#1/6&;'
M>6-./%."3"6-'/$T'2%13&'#.>2"&&%>66"1&'"-'3V3"'/$T'2%13&'/3/-"$.&'."1"0/6-'7"&'I"6."&'7$'5'I./67'9%643/'8'Q2%9-%>6+'
7>9$3"6-/%."+' ."#>.-/I"+' ;;R+' 9"--"' /N&"69"' 7"' &41"9-%>6' -43>%I6"' 7=$6' 6>6g6/.9%&&%&3"' "&-O4-%G$"' 7$' 2%13"$.' G$%'
/99"#-"'G$"'&>%-'#.>,"-4"&'->$-"&'1"&'".."$.&'>$'1"&'%3#".2"9-%>6&'G$=%1'/'9>33%&"&;'J1'&/%-'G$"'1"'."I/.7'7"&'&#"9-/-"$.&'
9>60%4&'E' 1/' #.>,"9-%>6' &"./'N%"60"%11/6-'"-'G$"' 9O/9$6' &"./'-"67$' 0".&' 1/' ."9>66/%&&/69"'7"&' #".&>66"&' "-'7"&'1%"$T'
2%134&'"-'1/'."9O".9O"'7"'1"$.'#.>#."'/##/.%-%>6'E'1=%3/I";''
Z/'G$/1%-4'3>]"66"'7"&'9/34./&+'7"&'>N,"9-%2&+'1/'-/%11"+'1/'742%6%-%>6'"-'1/'&"6&%N%1%-4'7"'1/'#"11%9$1"+'->$-'9"9%'9>6-.%N$"'E'
9/./9-4.%&".'9"'G$"'6>$&'/##"1>6&'1=%3/I"'5'2%13'/3/-"$.'8'"6'>##>&%-%>6'E'1=%3/I"'#.>2"&&%>66"11";'U6'/'#$'>N&".0".'
G$"' 9"' 5'&-]1"' /3/-"$.'8' "&-' #/.2>%&' $-%1%&4' #/.' 7"&' .4/1%&/-"$.&' #.>2"&&%>66"1&' 7/6&' 7"&' #.>,"-&' 7"' 2%9-%>6&+'
7>9$3"6-/%."&' >$' #$N1%9%-/%."&;' Z=%3/I"' "&-' /1>.&' 0>1>6-/%."3"6-' -."3N14"+' I./6$1"$&"' "-' 1"' ,"$' 7"&' /9-"$.&' "&-' "6'
9>.."&#>67/69"'/0"9'9"1$%'>N&".04'7/6&'1"&'2%13&'7"'2/3%11";'J1'"T%&-"'/$,>$.7=O$%'7/6&'1"&'1>I%9%"1&'7"'3>6-/I"+'7"&'#1$I'
%6'G$%'7>66"6-'E'1=%3/I"'6$34.%G$"'1"&'/&#"9-&'"-'1"&'5'742/$-&'8'7"&'2%13&'/3/-"$.&'Q%6&-/N%1%-4+'./]$."&+'I./%6&+'"-9;R;'
D."$0"'7=$6"'"&-O4-%G$"'."9>66$"'"-'#.>#."'/$'I"6.";'
'
'
S6'9%643/'9"6-.%#:-"'7%.%I4'&$.'1/'2/3%11"'"-'&"&'/9-"$.&'
'

Alain Esmery, Regards historiens sur le film de famille, sa collecte et ses usages, mai 2015, p. 3/6
Z="6&"3N1"'7"&'2%13&'"-'7"&'&9:6"&'"&-'9"6-.4'&$.'1/'2/3%11"'"-'#/.2>%&'1"&'/3%&+'&$.'1"'5'6>$&'8+'743/.9O"'6/.9%&&%G$"'G$%'
0"$-'7>66".'E'9"--"'O%&->%."'1=41/6'7=$6"'4#>#4"'&%6I$1%:.";''
Z"' 2%13' 7"' 2/3%11"' 6="&-' #/&' $6' ."I/.7' &$.' 1/' 2/3%11"' 3/%&' $6"' /$->."#.4&"6-/-%>6' #/.' 1/' 0>%"' 7$' 2%13"$.' E' 1/G$"11"'
/7O:."6-'->$&'1"&'/9-"$.&'7$'2%13;'Z=/N&"69"'7"'3>6-/I"+'7"'9>33"6-/%."+'7"'N/67"'&>6+'."62>.9"'1=/&#"9-'5'N.$-'8'7"'
9"&'7>9$3"6-&'&/6&'/$-."&'"22"-&'7"'6/../-%>6'G$"'1/'9>6-%6$%-4'"-'1=/99$3$1/-%>6'7"&'&9:6"&'2%134"&;'
'
Z"'."I/.7'9/34./'"&-'4I/1"3"6-'$6'-./%-'9/./9-4.%&-%G$"'7$'2%13'7"'2/3%11";'D.>O%N4'7/6&'1"&'/$-."&'I"6."&'7$'M%643/+'%1'
"&-'1E'/$'9>6-./%."'9>33"'1/'&%I6/-$."'7$'I"6.";'J1'/22%.3"'1"'1%"6'7$'2%134'/$'2%13"$.+'1/'9>3#1%9%-4+'1=/3%-%4'>$'1=/3>$.'
G$%'1"&'."1%";'Z"'."I/.7'9/34./'%67%G$"'4I/1"3"6-'1/'#1/9"'->$,>$.&'0%&%N1"'7"'1/'9/34./;'M"11"g9%'#/.-%9%#"'/$'3>3"6-'
2%134'"-'N%"6'&>$0"6-+'"11"'"&-'1"'9"6-."'0>%."'1"'3>-"$.'7"' 1=/9-%>6'"6."I%&-.4";'Z"'."I/.7'9/34./'#1/9"'1"'2%13"$.'/$'
9"6-."' 7$' N/11"-' 7"&' #".&>66/I"&+' %1' 7>66"' 1=%11$&%>6' G$=%1' &"./%-' 1=4I/1' 7"&' /$-."&+' 6%/6-' 1/' 3%&"' "6' &9:6"' #>$.' $6'
6/-$./1%&3"'G$%'/22%.3"./%-'1/'04.%-4'7"'1=%6&-/6-'2%134;'
'
M"' 6/-$./1%&3"' 9/9O"' 1"' #.>,"-' 7$' 2%13' 7"' 2/3%11"'\' 9.4".' $6"' 2%9-%>6' 7"' 1=O%&->%."' 2/3%1%/1"+' >b' 1/' #1$%"+' 1"' -./0/%1+' 1"&'
7%&#$-"&+'1/'3>.-'&>6-'&>%I6"$&"3"6-'49/.-4&'/$'#.>2%1'7"'3>3"6-&',>]"$T'G$%'9>6&/9."6-'1"'N>6O"$.'7=V-."'"6'2/3%11"'
>$'"6-."'/3%&;'M"1$%'7=$6'-"3#&'#>$.'&>%+'E'&>%+'G$%'49O/##"'/$'-"3#&'7"'1=f%&->%."'"-'7$'-./0/%1+'"-'9O".9O"'E'3/.G$".'1/'
&%6I$1/.%-4'"-'1=$6%9%-4'7"&'3>3"6-&'2%134&;'
Z"'2%13'7"'2/3%11"'&"./%-'$6' Cinéma(du(Bonheur +'G$%'->$-'9>33"'1"&'/$-."&'I"6."&'7$'9%643/'$-%1%&"'1=/.-'7"'1/'3%&"'"6'
&9:6"' /$' #.>2%-' 7=$6' #.>,"-'h' 9"1$%' 7"' 1/' ."#.4&"6-/-%>6' #/.' 491/-&' 7"' 1=O%&->%."' 2/3%1%/1"' 9>6&-%-$4"' $6%G$"3"6-' 7"'
3>3"6-&'O"$."$T;''
'
D/.2>%&'1=f%&->%."'"&-'1E'#.4&"6-"'/$->$.'7$'9%64/&-"'/3/-"$.;'M"1$%g9%'74->$.6"'/1>.&'1/'9/34./'7"'&"&'/9-"$.&'#.424.4&'
"-'2%13"'1="T>7"'9>33"'"6'()[C'>$'1/'Z%N4./-%>6'"6'()[[+'1/'0%"'7"'&>17/-&'#>$.'9".-/%6&'/##"14&'7"'1/'I$".."'7=?1I4.%"'
>$'"69>."'#>$.'7"&'&>17/-&'/11"3/67&'E'D/.%&'#"67/6-'1=>99$#/-%>6'>$'&$.'1"'2.>6-'.$&&";'e/%&'9"9%'"&-'./.";'Z=/3/-"$.'
/1>.&'"&-'9>62.>6-4'E'&/'#1/9"+'9"11"'7$'-43>%6'G$%'6"'&/%-'#/&'9>33"6-+'G$%'"-'G$>%'2%13".;'!/6&'9"&'7>9$3"6-&+'1"'#1$&'
&>$0"6-'1=/3/-"$.'9>6-%6$"'7"'2%13".'#>$.'&"'&>$0"6%.'#1$-_-'G$"'#>$.'-43>%I6".;''
'
'
Z/'#.>,"9-%>6'
'
Z/'#.>,"9-%>6'"-'&>6'.%-$"1'2/%&/%"6-'#/.-%"'->$-'/$-/6-'G$"'1"'->$.6/I"'7$'#.>,"-'7$'9%64/&-"'/3/-"$.;'Z"&'74#>&/6-&'7"'
9"&'2%13&'40>G$"6-'1/'6>&-/1I%"'7"&'3>3"6-&'#/&&4&'E'."I/.7".'9"&'2%13&'"6&"3N1"'"-'E'&"'&>$0"6%.;'
Z>.&'7"'9"&'#.>,"9-%>6&+'->$&'9>62%.3"6-'G$"'9"&'2%13&'3$"-&'7"0"6/%"6-'&>6>."&;'J1&'4-/%"6-'9>33"6-4&'#/.'1="6&"3N1"'
7"&'&#"9-/-"$.&'#.4&"6-&'G$%'9>66/%&&/%"6-'1"&'6>3&+' 1"&'1%"$T'"-'1"&'1%"6&' $6%&&/6-'1"&'#".&>66/I"&'E' 1=49./6;'Z"'O>.&'
9O/3#' 4-/%-' #/.2>%&' 40>G$4+' 3/%&' 349/6%G$"3"6-' 1/' #.>,"9-%>6' 7"&' %3/I"&' ."60>]/%-' ->$&' 1"&' &#"9-/-"$.&' E' 1=/9-%>6'
2%134";'
'
'
Z=/##/.%-%>6'7"&'2>.3/-&'0%74>'E'1/'2%6'7"&'/664"&'iC'
'
Z=/##/.%-%>6'7"'1/'0%74>'E'1/'2%6'7"&'/664"&'iC'9>3#>.-/%-'7"&'#.>3"&&"&'G$%'/3:6".>6-'#.>I."&&%0"3"6-'1"&'9%64/&-"&'
/3/-"$.&'E'741/%&&".'1"'&$##>.-'#O>->9O%3%G$";'
'
?' 1=%3/I"' &=/,>$-"' 74&>.3/%&' 1="6."I%&-."3"6-' &>6>.";' M"#"67/6-+' 1"' #1$&' &>$0"6-' 1"&' /3/-"$.&' 9>6-%6$"6-' 7"' 2%13".'
#>$.' 1=%3/I"+' 1"' 749>.+' 1=/9-%>6' "-' 64I1%I"6-' 1/' 9/#-/-%>6' &>6>.";' !/6&' 1"&' 9>11"9-%>6&' 0%74>&' 74#>&4"&' 7/6&' 1"&'
9%643/-O:G$"&+' 6>$&' >N&".0>6&' G$"' 1"' &>6' "&-' ./."3"6-' 1=4143"6-' 7491"69O"$.' 7"' 1=/9-"' 7"' 2%13".' E' 7"' ./."&'
"T9"#-%>6&'#.:&+'"-'#/.'/%11"$.&'-.:&'%6-4."&&/6-"&+'9>33"'7"&'%6-".0%"j&'7=/69%"6&'7"'1/'2/3%11";'
Z"&' 2>.3/-&' 0%74>'/##>.-"6-' E' 1=/3/-"$.' 7"&' &$##>.-&' 7"' #1$&' I./67"' 7$.4"' #>$.' 1"' 3V3"' #.%T;' Z"&' #1/6&' &>6-'
74&>.3/%&'->$.64&'"6'1>6I$"$.&+'"6'#1/6'&4G$"69"&'G$%'746>69"6-' 1=/N&"69"' 7"' #.>,"-' "-'N%"6'&>$0"6-'7"'."I/.7'7$'
2%13"$.;''
Z"&' "6-."-%"6&' /0"9' 1"&' 9%64/&-"&' /3/-"$.&' %67%G$"6-' G$"' 9"$Tg9%' &>6-' #/&&4&' 7$' #O>->9O%3%G$"' E' 1/' 0%74>' #>$.' 7"&'
G$"&-%>6&'7"'3>7".6%-4+'7"'9>^-'/0"9'1"'2/6-/&3"'7"'#>$0>%.'.4/1%&".'7"&'3>6-/I"&;'Z"'9>^-'7"&'&]&-:3"&'7"'3>6-/I"+'
1"$.' 9>3#1"T%-4' 7=$-%1%&/-%>6+' 1/' 74I./7/-%>6' 7"' 1=%3/I"' /6/1>I%G$"' "-' 9>33"' #>$.' 1"' 2%13' 1"' -"3#&' 649"&&/%."' E' 1/'
.4/1%&/-%>6' 7=$6' 3>6-/I"' 0>6-' 1"' #1$&' &>$0"6-' /66%O%1".' 9"' #.>,"-;' M>33"' #>$.' 1"' 9%643/' /.I"6-%G$"+' 1"&' 0%74>&' 7"'
2/3%11"'."&-".>6-'1"'#1$&'&>$0"6-'E'1=4-/-'N.$-;'

Alain Esmery, Regards historiens sur le film de famille, sa collecte et ses usages, mai 2015, p. 4/6
Y"/$9>$#' 7"' 9"&' %3/I"&' >6-' 7%&#/.$' 9/.' 1"&' 9/&&"--"&' 4-/%"6-' "6-."#>&4"&' /0"9' 1"&' 2%13&' >$' 43%&&%>6&' 7"' -4140%&%>6'
"6."I%&-.4&'&$.'1"'3/I64->&9>#"'2/3%1%/1'"-'9".-/%6"&'>6-'4-4'.4$-%1%&4"&;'!"'#1$&'1"'0%&%>66/I"'"6'2/3%11"'&"'#/&&"'&$.'
1=49./6'7"'1/'-4140%&%>6+'1/'3/I%"'7$'94.43>6%/1'7"'1/'#.>,"9-%>6'9%643/->I./#O%G$"'7%&#/./`-+'1/'9>69$.."69"'/0"9'1"&'
/$-."&' #.>I./33"&' /99"&&%N1"&' &$.' 9"-' 49./6' "-' &$.->$-' 1/' 1>6I$"$.' 7"&' &9:6"&' ."N$-"6-' 1"' -414&#"9-/-"$.' /3/-"$.;'
Z=>N&>1"&9"69"' ./#%7"' 7"&' 2>.3/-&' 0%74>' /,>$-"' E' 1/' 749"#-%>6' 6/.9%&&%G$"' 2/3%1%/1";' Z"&' 9/&&"--"&' 2%6%&&"6-' 1"' #1$&'
&>$0"6-'&$.'$6"'4-/I:."'>$'7/6&'$6'9/.->6+'&/6&'$&/I";'
Z/'0%74>'"&-'1"'#/."6-'#/$0."'7/6&'1"&'9>11"9-%>6&'7"&'9%643/-O:G$"&;'Z"&'2>67&'74#>&4&'9>6-%"66"6-'#"$'7"'&$##>.-&'
0%74>;'B&-g9"'7^'/$'3/6G$"'7=%6-4.V-'7"&'/.9O%0"&+'E'1/'749"#-%>6'1>.&'7"&'0%&%>66/I"&'1%4"'E'1/'1>6I$"$.'7"&'&9:6"&+'E'1/'
-.%0%/1%-4' /##>.-4"' #/.' 1"' &>6+' E' 1/' 2/%N1"' G$/1%-4' 7"&' %3/I"&' Q9>$1"$.' "-' #%G$4R+' >$' "69>."' /$' 2/%-' G$"' 1=$&/I"' 7"' 9"&'
%3/I"&'#".7$."'Q/$'3>%6&'#>-"6-%"11"3"6-R'I.k9"'/$'3/%6-%"6-'7=$6'1"9-"$.'lfL'7/6&'1/'2/3%11"+'"-'"62%6'#"$-gV-."'/$&&%'
/$'2/%-'G$"'1"'-"3#&'6=/'#/&'"69>."'-./6&2>.34'9"&'%3/I"&'"6'%9_6"&'m'
(F'n'7"&'/.9O%0"&'9>6&$1-4"&'7/6&'6>-."'"6G$V-"'6"'9>11"9-"6-',/3/%&'7"'0%74>+'FX'n''1"'2>6-'#/.2>%&'"-'&>$&'9>67%-%>6;'
oP'n'1"&'9>11"9-"6-'"-'1"&'-./%-"6-'3/%&'&>$0"6-'&/6&'"6-O>$&%/&3";''''
'
'
M>11"9-".' "-' 7>9$3"6-".' 9"&' 2%13&'\' $6"' /9-%>6' 749%&%0"' #>$.' 1"$.'
9>6&".0/-%>6'"-'1"$.'1"9-$."'
'
Z/'743/.9O"'7"'74#_-'7"&'2%13&'7"'2/3%11"'"&-'"6'"22"-'1%4"'E'#1$&%"$.&'2/9-"$.&'\''
g'$6"'%62>.3/-%>6'&$.'1/'."9O".9O"'7"'2%13&'#.>0"6/6-'7=$6"'%6&-%-$-%>6'Q9%643/-O:G$"+'$6%0".&%-4+'#.>7$9-"$.'#/.2>%&R+''
g'1/'74&O4."69"'7$'2>67&'7"'2%13&'1"'#1$&'&>$0"6-'E'9/$&"'7"'1/'#".-"'7$'#.>,"9-"$.+''
g'1/'7%&#/.%-%>6'7$'2%13"$.+''
g'"-'"62%6'1/'#.>3"&&"'7"'."-.>$0".'$6"'9>#%"'2>$.6%"'#/.'1=/.9O%0"'7/6&'$6'2>.3/-'$-%1%&/N1"'#>$.'1/'2/3%11";'
L%' 1=/9-"' 7"' 74#_-' #$%&' 1/' 749%&%>6' 7"' 9>6&".0/-%>6' 7>%0"6-' V-."' "69/7.4&' #/.' $6"'9>60"6-%>6+' 1/' #/.-%"' 1/' #1$&'
%3#>.-/6-"'7$'-./0/%1'."&-"'E'2/%."'\''
'
!>9$3"6-".'9"&'%3/I"&'"-'1"'9>6-"T-"'7"'1"$.'#.>7$9-%>6'"&-'1/'9>67%-%>6'649"&&/%."'E'1"$.'$-%1%&/-%>6'#/.'1"&'
O%&->.%"6&'"-'7"&'9O".9O"$.&;'
Z"'-./0/%1'7"'7>9$3"6-/-%>6'7"'9"&'2%13&'"&-'#/.-%9$1%:."3"6-'741%9/-'9/.'E'1/'7%0".&%-4'7"&' &9:6"&+'&=/,>$-"'9"11"&'7"&'
#".&>66/I"&'"-'7"&'1%"$T;'D>$.' 1"&' 2%13&' /3/-"$.&' %1'2/$7./' 6>6'&"$1"3"6-' ."6&"%I6".' 1"' qui,(quand,(où '#>$.'9O/G$"'
&4G$"69"' "-' "11"&' #"$0"6-' V-."' -.:&' 6>3N."$&"&' 7/6&' $6' 2>67&+' 3/%&' /$&&%' %1' 2/$-' 7>9$3"6-".' 1"' O>.&' 9O/3#'\' 1/'
&%-$/-%>6'&>9%/1"+'1/'I464/1>I%"+'1"&'4046"3"6-&'2/3%1%/$T'Q6/%&&/69"&+'7%0>.9"+'749:&+'3$-/-%>6+'"-9;';R'G$%'#".3"--.>6-'
7=/0>%.'7"&'914&'#>$.'."I/.7".'"-'9>3#."67."'9"&'%3/I"&;'M"&'%62>.3/-%>6&'%1'2/$-'/11".'1"&'9O".9O".'7/6&'1"&'2/3%11"&+'1"&'
2/%."' 9>33"6-".' 1"&' %3/I"&+' ."-./9".' 1/' I464/1>I%"' 7"' 1/' 2/3%11"+' 9"' G$%' &$##>&"' 7"' 3/%6-"6%.' 7"&' 1%"6&' /0"9' 1"&'
74#>&/6-&;'
'
Z"&' 2>67&' 74#>&4&' &>6-' 7/6&' 1=4-/-' N.$-' 7"&' ->$.6/I"&;' @"-.>$0".' $6"' 1>I%G$"' 6/../-%0"' 649"&&%-"' 7"' &4G$"69".' 1"&'
2>67&+'."-.>$0".' 1"&' $6%-4&' 7"' -"3#&' 7"' 1%"$' "-' 7=/9-%>6+' 1"&' -%-.".+' %7"6-%2%".' 1"&' 4143"6-&' ."3/.G$/N1"&' &$.' 1"' #1/6'
O%&->.%G$"+' "-O6>1>I%G$"+' 9%643/->I./#O%G$";' Z/' 9>6&-%-$-%>6' 7"' -O4&/$.$&' ."&-"' $6' 9/&&"' -V-"' #/.2>%&' #>$.' 1"&'
7>9$3"6-/1%&-"&'7=/$-/6-'G$"'1=%3#/9-'49>6>3%G$"'7"'9"'1>6I'-./0/%1'6="&-'#/&'64I1%I"/N1"'#>$.'1"&'&-.$9-$."&;''
e/%&'9"'-./0/%1'"&-'"&&"6-%"1'"-'749%&%2+'/2%6'7"'#".3"--."'/$T'O%&->.%"6&+'/$T'9O".9O"$.&+'/$T'.4/1%&/-"$.&+'/$T'/.-%&-"&+'
/$T' 9%->]"6&' 7"' &="3#/.".' "-' 7"' ."I/.7".' 9"&' %3/I"&' 7=/6>6]3"&' "6' #>$0/6-' %7"6-%2%".' 1"&' /9-"$.&+' 1"&' 1%"$T+' 1"'
9>6-"T-";''
'
D1$&%"$.&'9"6-."&'7=/.9O%0"&'"6."I%&-."6-'1"'9>33"6-/%."'7"&'74#>&/6-&'&$.'1"&'%3/I"&;'!>9$3"6-'#.49%"$T'3/%&'G$=%1'
2/$7./'4I/1"3"6-'9>6&".0".+'7>9$3"6-".'"-'/.9O%0".;''
M"&' %62>.3/-%>6&' #".3"--.>6-' E' 1=/0"6%.' 7"' ."-.>$0".' 1"&' &4G$"69"&' /%6&%' 749.%-"&+' 9>3#."67."' 1"&' 9>67%-%>6&' 7/6&'
1"&G$"11"&' 9"&' 2%13&' >6-' 4-4' .4/1%&4&;' M"&' %62>.3/-%>6&' ."&-".>6-' /--/9O4"&' /$T' 2%13&' 74#>&4&' "-' #".3"--.>6-' E' ->$&+'
9O".9O"$.&+'O%&->.%"6&'>$'.4/1%&/-"$.&'7"'&=/##$]".'&$.'9"&'7>664"&'#>$.'."I/.7".'9"&'%3/I"&;'
'
K>-."'"6G$V-"'743>6-."'$6'%60"&-%&&"3"6-'%3#>.-/6-'7"&'&-.$9-$."&'#>$.'1"'-./0/%1'7"'7>9$3"6-/-%>6;')('n'>6-'$6"'
N/&"'7"' 7>664"&+' 9".-/%6"&'>6-'3V3"'740"1>##4'E'1=%6-4.%"$.'7$'.4&"/$' JKB!JAL' $6'1>I%9%"1'7>9$3"6-/%."'&#49%2%G$"'
/7/#-4'/$T'#/.-%9$1/.%-4&'7"&'2%13&'/3/-"$.&;'M"&'N/&"&'7"'7>664"&'6"'&>6-'"69>."'-.:&'3/,>.%-/%."3"6-'9>6&$1-/N1"&'
G$="6'%6-".6";'M"#"67/6-'Po'n'&>6-'74,E'#/.-%"11"3"6-'9>6&$1-/N1"&'0%/'$6'/99:&'%6-".6"-'"-')'n'&>6-'"6'/99:&'9>3#1"-'

Alain Esmery, Regards historiens sur le film de famille, sa collecte et ses usages, mai 2015, p. 5/6
7"'1="T-4.%"$.;'M"9%'"&-'"6'740"1>##"3"6-'9>6&-/6-'9/.'1"&'&-.$9-$."&'>6-'9>6&9%"69"'7"'1=%3#>.-/69"'7=>$0.%.'9"&'2>67&'
E'1/'9>6&$1-/-%>6'"T-4.%"$.";''
Z"&' -"9O6%G$"&' 1"&' #1$&' .49"6-"&' #".3"--"6-' 7"' 6$34.%&".' 1"&' 2%13&' 7/6&' 7="T9"11"6-"&' 9>67%-%>6&' "-' 2>$.6%&&"6-' 7"&'
2%9O%".&' #>$.' 1"$.&' 7%224."6-&' $&/I"&'\' 1/' 9>6&".0/-%>6+' 1/' 9>6&$1-/-%>6+' 1/' 7%22$&%>6' &$.'1"&' &%-"&' %6-".6"-+' 1/' 3%&"' E'
7%&#>&%-%>6'/$T'#.>2"&&%>66"1&;''
'
'
p$"1G$"&'9O%22."&'9>11"9-4&'1>.&'7"'6>-."'"6G$V-"'\'
- (iX'#".&>66"&+'7>6-'$6"'9"6-/%6"'7"'N4640>1"&+'-./0/%11"6-'&$.'1/'9>11"9-"+'1/'6$34.%&/-%>6+'1/'7>9$3"6-/-%>6'"-'1/'
0/1>.%&/-%>6'7"&'2%13&'/3/-"$.&;'Z"'N$7I"-'7"&'&-.$9-$."&'9>6&/9.4'E'9"&'/9-%>6&'0/.%"'7"'FC'CCC'E'[CC'CCC'"$.>&;''
- [P'n'7"&'&-.$9-$."&'9>6&".0"6-'1/'->-/1%-4'7"&'2%13&'7=$6'74#>&/6-+'[*'n'#/.-%"11"3"6-'"6'2>69-%>6'7"'1=%6-4.V-'7$'
2>67&'"-')'n'6"'9>6&".0"6-'G$=$6"'&41"9-%>6'7"&'2%13&'#.4&"6-4&'#/.'$6'74#>&/6-;''
- oo'n'9>6&".0"6-'1"&'>.%I%6/$T'7"&'2%13&+'FX'n'1"&'9>6&".0"6-'#/.-%"11"3"6-'"-')'n'6"'1"&'9>6&".0"6-',/3/%&;'
- )i'n'>6-'$6'&%-"'%6-".6"-'"-'o['n'#.>#>&"6-'7"&'2%13&'&$.'1"$.'&%-";''
'
L%'>6'9>3#/."'1/'&%-$/-%>6'/9-$"11"'/0"9'9"11"'G$%'"T%&-/%-'E'1=>.%I%6"'7"'1=/&&>9%/-%>6'JKB!JAL'"6'())(+'>6'9>6&-/-"'G$"'
1"&'&-.$9-$."&'"-'1"$.'#".&>66"1'&"'&>6-'9>6&%74./N1"3"6-'#.>2"&&%>66/1%&4&'-/6-'&$.'1"'#1/6'-"9O6%G$"'/0"9'$6"'
I464./1%&/-%>6'7"&'>$-%1&'6$34.%G$"&+'G$"'&$.'1"&'/&#"9-&',$.%7%G$"&+'7=/6/1]&"'7"&'%3/I"&'"-'7"'-./0/%1'&$.'1"&'2%13&'"-'7"'
0/1>.%&/-%>6'7"&'2>67&;''
'
'
J6-4.V-'#>$.'1"&'O%&->.%"6&+'1"&'&>9%>1>I$"&'"-'1"&'/6-O.>#>1>I$"&'
'
M"&'2%13&'#.>#>&"6-'$6"'0%&%>6'#/.-%"11"'"-'2./I3"6-/%."'7$'FC:3"'&%:91";'
L>$0"6%.&' #.%04&+' 2/3%1%/$T'7=/N>.7' 3/%&' G$%' /0"9' 1"&' /664"&' 7"0%"66"6-' &>$0"6%.&' #/.-/I4&;'?1>.&' G$"' 1"' 9%64/&-"'
/3/-"$.' 6=/' #/&' 1=%6-"6-%>6' 7"' #.>7$%."' $6"' a$0."' 7"&-%64"' E' $6' #$N1%9' "T-./2/3%1%/1' 3/%&' #1$-_-' 7"' 343>.%&".+'
7="6."I%&-.".' 7"&' 2./I3"6-&' 7"' 1/' 0%"' #.%04"+' 1"&' %3/I"&' G$=%1' 2%13"' -"67"6-' 4->66/33"6-' E' #.>0>G$".' 1="3#/-O%";'
e>3"6-&'%6-%3"&'>b'9O/G$"'&#"9-/-"$.'#"$-'"6-.".'E'&>6'->$.'7/6&'9"'3>67"'7>664'E'0>%.'"-'1"'2/%."'&%"6'$6'3>3"6-+'
#/.'49O>;'
'
Z"&'/3/-"$.&'2%13"6-'6>6'&"$1"3"6-'1"&'#".&>66/I"&'7"'1/'&/I/'2/3%1%/1"'3/%&'/$&&%'1"&'3/%&>6&'"-'1"&'#/]&/I"&;'K>$&'
0>]>6&' 1"&' 3>7"&' 40>1$".+' 1"&' #/]&/I"&' "-' 1"&' 0%11/I"&' &"' -./6&2>.3".+' 1"&' .%-$"1&' 2/3%1%/$T' "-' 9>11"9-%2&' 9O/6I".;' M"&'
2%13&+'G$%'-43>%I6"6-'7"&'-"3#&'G$%'9O/6I"6-+'#."66"6-'7>69'/0"9'1"&'/664"&'$6"'0/1"$.'#/-.%3>6%/1"'."9>66$"'"-'G$%'
"&-'1"'3>-"$.'7"'1=/9-%>6'7"'9>11"9-"'7"&'9%643/-O:G$"&'.4I%>6/1"&;''
Z"&'/..%:."&'#1/6&'"-'1"&'749>.&'9>6&-%-$"6-'$6'%69.>]/N1"'%60"6-/%."'7"&'3>7"&'G$%'9O/6I"6-+'7"&'.%-$"1&'G$%'40>1$"6-+'
7"&'0>%-$."&'G$%'"60/O%&&"6-'1/'0%"'G$>-%7%"66";'Z"&'1>9>3>-%0"&'&=/..V-"6-'7"'9./9O".'1"$.'2$34"'1>.&'7"&'74#/.-&'"6'
0/9/69"&+' 1"' #1/&-%G$"' ."3#1/9"' #.>I."&&%0"3"6-' 1"' q%69+' 1"' 9$%0."' "-' 1"' N>%&+' 1"&' /##/."%1&' #O>->&' "-' 1"&' 9/34./&' &"'
3$1-%#1%"6-'7/6&'1"&'2%13&'"$Tg3V3"&'1>.&'7"&'.%-$"1&'2/3%1%/$T'"-' >6' 0>%-' /##/./`-."' 1"&' #>&-"&' 7"' -4140%&%>6' 7/6&' 1"&'
/##/.-"3"6-&'E'#/.-%.'7$'3%1%"$'7"&'/664"&'XC;''
L/6&'1"'&/0>%.'1"&'9%64/&-"&'/3/-"$.&'>6-'"6."I%&-.4'1"'3>$0"3"6-'7"'1/'3>7".6%-4;'
'
M"&'%3/I"&'&>6-'9>33"'$6'9>6-."'9O/3#'7"&'/.9O%0"&'>22%9%"11"&+'3/%&+'9>33"'1"&'/9-$/1%-4&'9%643/->I./#O%G$"&'>$'
-4140%&$"11"&+'"11"&'649"&&%-"6-'$6'-./0/%1'7=/6/1]&"'#/.2>%&'7=/$-/6-'#1$&'741%9/-'G$="11"&'#.4-"67"6-'6"'&"'3>6-.".'G$"'
#>$.'9"'G$="11"&'&>6-+'#/.'1"'6/-$./1%&3"'#.4&"6-'7/6&'1/'2>.3"'9>33"'7/6&'1"'2>67;'
'
M"&'2%13&'>6-'/$&&%'$6"'7%3"6&%>6'"&-O4-%G$"'G$%'49O/##"'E'1/'&"$1"'/6/1]&"'O%&->.%G$"+'&>9%>1>I%G$"'>$'"-O6>1>I%G$";'
Z/'G$/1%-4'9%643/->I./#O%G$"'7"'9".-/%6&'#1/6&+'1/'#>4&%"'9>6-"6$"'7/6&'9".-/%6"&'&4G$"69"&+'1=43>-%>6'."&&"6-%"'2/9"'
/$T' #".&>66/I"&' 2%134&' 2>6-' #/.-%"' 7"&' G$/1%-4&' "&-O4-%G$"& ( ."9O".9O4"&' 7/6&' 9"&' 2%13&' #/.' 7"&' 9%64/&-"&'
#.>2"&&%>66"1&;'M"--"'43>-%>6'."60>%"'E'6>&'#.>#."&'&>$0"6%.&+'3/%&'/$&&%'E'1/'9O%3%"'#/.-%9$1%:."'7"&'2%13&'7"'2/3%11"'
G$%'7%&9.:-"3"6-'3>6-."'1"'-"3#&'G$%'#/&&"+'7"&'/--%-$7"&+'7"&'I"&-"&+'7"&'9>.#&'>$'7"&'&%1O>$"--"&'G$%'9>60>G$"6-'$6'
%6&-/6-'6>&'#.>#."&'&>$0"6%.&;''
<"' &"./%&' 9$.%"$T' 7=$6"' 4-$7"' &$.' 1=O/N%11"3"6-+' 1=40>1$-%>6' 7"&' /--%-$7"&' 9>.#>."11"&' 7/6&' 1"&' ."1/-%>6&' &>9%/1"&' "-'
2/3%1%/1"&'E'-./0".&'1"&'2%13&'7"'2/3%11";'J1']'/'&$.'9"'&$,"-'$6"'."&&>$.9"'G$%'3"'#/./`-'"69>."'%6"T#1>%-4";'!"'3V3"',"'
&$%&'&^.'G$"'#.>9O/%6"3"6-'7"&'/9-"$.&'"-'/9-.%9"&+'7"&'3"--"$.&'"6'&9:6"'9O".9O".>6-'7/6&'9"&'2%13&'7"&'I"&-"&+'7"&'
9>3#>.-"3"6-&+'7"&'/--%-$7"&'G$"'&"$1&'9"&'2%13&'#>$..>6-'."6&"%I6".;'M".-/%6&'1=>6-'74,E'2/%-;'