« Le langage, instrument et créateur de culture, est un moyen systématique de communiquer avec autrui,
d’affecter son comportement mais aussi le notre, de partager et de créer des réalités auxquelles nous
adhérons ensuite ».
J.BRUNER, « Comment les enfants apprennent à parler ».
I.!Introduction+.................................................................................................................+6!
Préambule+–+Définitions+....................................................................................................+8!
II.!Contexte+....................................................................................................................+10!
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1.!Les&bases&biologiques&de&ces&troubles&se&précisent&depuis&ces&30&dernières&années&...................&11!
2.!La&nosologie&des&troubles&du&langage&oral&est&complexe&et&non&consensuelle&..............................&21!
3.!La&prévalence&de&ces&troubles&est&non&négligeable&...................................................................................&23!
4.!Le&retentissement&sur&les&autres&apprentissages&est&évalué&.................................................................&24!
5.!L’impact&sur&la&vie&sociale,&scolaire,&familiale,&professionnelle&est&réel&...........................................&27!
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1.!Le&dispositif&mis&en&oeuvre&depuis&le&rapport&Ringard&............................................................................&29!
2.!Dépister&précocement&pour&amorcer&diagnostic&et&prise&en&charge&précoces&..............................&32!
3.!Le&repérage&repose&sur&une&sémiologie&issue&des&étapes&clés&du&développement&normal&de&
l’enfant&..................................................................................................................................................................................&36!
4.!L’&ERTL4&est&validé&pour&repérer&les&enfants&de&3&ans&9&mois&à&4&ans&6&mois&...............................&39!
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1.!L’évaluation&du&dépistage&en&ville&depuis&le&rapport&Ringard&.............................................................&43!
2.!L’état&des&lieux&:&une&couverture&par&les&PMI&inégale,&une&médecine&scolaire&en&difficulté,&une&
mobilisation&nécessaire&des&médecins&de&famille&...............................................................................................&44!
3.!La&formation&médicale&initiale&et&continue&est&déficiente&sur&ce&sujet&.............................................&50!
4.!L’expérience&MOD&4,5,6&.........................................................................................................................................&51!
5.!La&formation&M.A.Form&:&évaluation&de&l’impact&de&cette&formation&sur&le&dépistage&en&
cabinet&de&ville&...................................................................................................................................................................&52!
III.!Matériels+et+méthodes+..............................................................................................+55!
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IV.!Résultats+...................................................................................................................+56!
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1.!Représentativité&de&l’échantillon&:&....................................................................................................................&56!
2.!Chapitre&I&....................................................................................................................................................................&59!
3.!Chapitre&II&...................................................................................................................................................................&62!
4.!Chapitre&III&.................................................................................................................................................................&63!
B.!Entretiens téléphoniques!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!MN!
V.!Discussion+..................................................................................................................+70!
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1.!Partiellement&ou&totalement&?&...........................................................................................................................&70!
2.!A&quelle&fréquence&?&................................................................................................................................................&70!
3.!En&repérage&systématique&ou&ciblé?&................................................................................................................&71!
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1.!Ancienneté&de&la&formation&et&durée&du&dépistage&..................................................................................&72!