TP n°3 : Spectres de Rigel et du Soleil

TP#n°3#:#Spectres#de#Rigel#et#du#Soleil#
!
I.#Identification#des#éléments#chimiques#présents#dans#l'atmosphère#de#Rigel.#
"#!$%&''&(!()*+!'&(!,-.-,+/.0(+01%&(!2&!'3/+)0'&!405&'!6!
7#!8)%.1%)0!)9(&.:&;+;)*!%*!(<&,+.&!23=>?@48AB@C!6!
D#!EF<'01%&.!9.0G:&H&*+!,)HH&*+!)*!:-!02&*+0I0&.!'&(!/'/H&*+(!<./(&*+(!2-*(!'3-+H)(<JG.&!2&!,&++&!/+)0'&#!
K#!Mesures&(%.!'-!<J)+)!L!
M N&!,%.(&%.!H)90'&!<&.H&+!2302&*+0I0&.!'-!<)(0+0)*!&*!<0F&'(!2&(!.-0&(!23-9().<+0)*!!
M O-0.&!'3/+-')**-5&!<)%.!<)%:)0.!I-0.&!-II0,J&.!'&(!')*5%&%.(!23)*2&(!H&(%./&(!!
M EII&,+%&.!&*(%0+&!'&(!H&(%.&(!2&(!')*5%&%.(!23)*2&(!2&(!.-0&(!2%!(<&,+.&!2&!4BPEN!!
M 4&I-0.&!'&!HQH&!+.-:-0'!<)%.!'-!<-.+0&!7!&+!D!2%!(<&,+.&!!
M B2&*+0I0&.!,&.+-0*(!2&(!/'/H&*+!<./(&*+(!2-*(!'3-+H)(<JG.&!2&!4BPEN!<-.H0!,&%F!0*201%/(!!2-*(!'&!+-9'&-%!
2&!./I/.&*,&#!RB'!I-%+!1%&!'&(!')*5%&%.(!23)*2&!()0&*+!+.G(!<.),J&(S!
Raie#
1#
2#
3#
4#
5#
6#
7#
8#
9#
10#
11#
12#
13#
14#
λ(nm)#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Elément#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Raie#n°#
15#
16#
17#
18#
19#
20#
21#
22#
23#
24#
25#
26#
27#
28#
λ(nm)#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Elément#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
!
Elément#chimique#
Longueur#d’onde#(nm)#
H#
656.3 - 486.1 - 410.3 - 434.0 - 397.1
He#
728.1 - 706.5 - 667.8 - 587.6 - 504.8 - 501.6 - 492.5 - 471.3 - 447.1 - 414.4 - 404.6 - 388.9
He+#
468.6 - 164.1 - 30.3!
Mg#
518.4 - 517.3 - 516.7 - 383.2
Mg+#
448.1 - 280.3 - 279.5
!
!

!
II.#Fraunhofer#et#le#spectre#du#Soleil#
!N&!.-T)**&H&*+!/H0(!<-.!'&(!/+)0'&(!&(+!en&première&approximation&-((0H0'-9'&!-%!.-T)**&H&*+!2U%*!
,).<(!V!+&H</.-+%.&!/'&:/&#!
1.&Sans&lire&le&texteW!V!:)+.&!-:0(W!,)HH&*+!(&.-!'&!(<&,+.&!2&!'-!'%H0G.&!()'-0.&!)9(&.:/&!2&!'-!A&..&!6!
X!Y)HH&!+)%+&!/+)0'&W!'&!?)'&0'!&(+!%*&!/*).H&!(<JG.&!2&!5-Z!+.G(!,J-%2!1%0!<.)2%0+!2&!'-!'%H0G.&#![###\!N-!
<J)+)(<JG.&!R(%.I-,&!2%!?)'&0'SW!90&*!)9(&.:-9'&!&*!'%H0G.&!:0(09'&W!&(+!V!%*&!+&H</.-+%.&!2U&*:0.)*!]]^^_Y#!
?0!'&!?)'&0'!/+-0+!(-*(!-+H)(<JG.&W!'&!(<&,+.&!2&!'-!'%H0G.&!/H0(&!(&.-0+!,)*+0*%#!
E*!"`"KW!'&!<JT(0,0&*!-''&H-*2!a#!O4=bCc@OE4!.&H-.1%&!2-*(!'&!(<&,+.&!2%!?)'&0'!%*&!H%'+0+%2&!2&!.-0&(!
*)0.&(#!NU&F0(+&*,&!2&!,&(!raies#d’absorption#&(+!2%&!V!'-!<./(&*,&!2U%*&!-+H)(<JG.&!-%+)%.!2%!?)'&0'W!
-<<&'/&!chromosphèreW!&+!(U/+&*2-*+!(%.!7^^^!dH!2U/<-0((&%.!&*:0.)*#!N&(!-+)H&(!<./(&*+(!2-*(!,&++&!
,J.)H)(<JG.&!X!0*+&.,&<+&*+!e!'&%.(!.-20-+0)*(!,-.-,+/.0(+01%&(!1%0!(&.)*+!2)*,!-9(&*+&(!2%!(<&,+.&!:%!
2&<%0(!'-!A&..&#!E*+.&!D^^!*H!&+!f^^!*HW!0'!&F0(+&!<'%(!2&!7^^^^!.-0&(!./<&.+).0/&(#!
Y&++&!-+H)(<JG.&!&(+!,)*(+0+%/&!2&!5-Z!()%(!I-09'&!<.&((0)*#!
NU-*-'T(&!(<&,+.-'&!<&.H&+!2&!,)**-g+.&!'-!,)H<)(0+0)*!,J0H01%&!2/+-0''/&!&+!<./,0(&!2%!?)'&0'#!A)%(!'&(!
/'/H&*+(!,)**%(!(%.!A&..&!T!()*+!<./(&*+(W!,&.+-0*(!V!'U/+-+!2&!+.-,&#!e!
Extrait'de'«'L’astronomie'»'de'Michel'MARCEUN!
2. Quelle(s)&zone(s)&doit&franchir&la&lumière&du&Soleil&avant&d’arriver&sur&Terre&?&&
3. Quelle&découverte&Fraunhofer&aDtDil&faite&en&1814&?&&
4. Expliquer&pourquoi&l’atmosphère&du&Soleil&empêche&d’observer&un&spectre&continu.&&
5. Comment&déterminer&les&éléments&présents&dans&la&chromosphère&du&soleil&?&&
@*!./-'0(&!le&spectre&d’émission&de&l’argon&5.h,&!V!%*&!'-H<&!,)*+&*-*+!,&!5-Z!&+!2U%*!(<&,+.)(,)<&.'@*!
./-'0(&!'&!(<&,+.&!2%!?)'&0'!-:&,!'&!HQH&!(<&,+.)(,)<&!1%&!<)%.!'U-.5)*!i!0'!I-%+!&*(%0+&!02&*+0I0&.!'&(!.-0&(!
*)0.&(!-I0*!2U&*!,)**-g+.&!'-!')*5%&%.!2U)*2&#!Y)HH&*+!I&.-0(;+%!6!
!!!!!!

!
!