POLITIQUES DU MONTAGE CHEZ GUY DEBORD1 Il y a vingt et un

1
POLITIQUES*DU*MONTAGE*CHEZ*GUY*DEBORD1*
*
!"#$%&'(%")*+&
Maître'de'conférences'à'l’UFR'SICA'(Arts'du'spectacle)'
Université'Michel'de'Montaigne'Bordeaux'3'
&
,-&.&%&/#"0$&($&1"&%"23&41.&5(6+*)&#"$(*)#2%#$&-%&7*+8(9$#+"&)(&$+12&2(2&
:#-;2<& =(& )(*"#(*& %9$(& )(& 2+12$*%9$#+"& )(& ->?1/*(3& %22(@& 9+AB*("$& 9A(@&
C1(-C1>1"&C1#&%/%#$&9+;;(&7*+8($&7+-#$#C1(&-%&:#"&)(&->%*$3&B$%#$&1"(&*B7+"2(&
D&)(2&)#::%;%$#+"2&C1(&5(6+*)&/("%#$&)(&216#*&)%"2&-%&7*(22(3&9+"9(*"%"$&
->%22%22#"%$& )(& 2+"& %;#3& B)#$(1*& ($& 7*+)19$(1*& 4B*%*)& '(6+/#9#<& E#& -%&
)B9#2#+"& )(& 5(6+*)& "+12& %& 7*#/B& )(71#2& )>1"(& *("9+"$*(& %/(9& 2(2& :#-;23&
9>(2$&%122#&0*F9(&D&->%9$(&*%)#9%-&)1&9#"B%2$(&C1>#-2&2+"$&*(2$B2&("&C1(-C1(&
2+*$(&7*+$B0B2&)>1"(&%77*+7*#%$#+"&7-12&#;7+*$%"$(&)(&-%&7%*$&)(&-%&;G;(&
H&2+9#B$B& 27(9$%91-%#*(& ;%*9A%")(&I& C1>#-& %/%#$& *#0+1*(12(;("$& )B:#"#(& ($&
)+"$&-%&9%*%9$B*#2$#C1(&7*#"9#7%-(&(2$&9($$(&9%7%9#$B&D&$+1$&$*%"2:+*;(*&("&
#;%0(&9+"2+;;%6-(<&'>#"$B0*%-(&)(2&:#-;2&)(&5(6+*)&*B9(;;("$&B)#$B(&("&
5J5& ($& )#2$*#61B(& ("& 2%--(2& "+12& 7%*/#("$& 9+;;(& 1"& %77(-& -+#"$%#"& )1&
9#"B;%&2#$1%$#+""#2$(&D& -%&9+;7*BA("2#+"&)(&9(& C1#&"+12&%**#/(&D& ->A(1*(&
%9$1(--(<&E(2&2(7$&)+91;("$%#*(2&"+12&#"$(**+0("$& 7*+:+")B;("$& 21*& 1"(&
7*%$#C1(& 9+1*%"$(& )(& "+2& 8+1*23& 9(--(& )(& -%& *(7*#2(& )(2& %*9A#/(23& ("& "+12&
;($$%"$&:%9(&%1K&7*+6-L;(2&)>+*)*(&B$A#C1(&C1(&-%&6%"%-#2%$#+"&)>1"(&$(--(&
$(9A"#C1(& )(& 9+;7+2#$#+"& 7+2(& %18+1*)>A1#<& M*(2C1(& ("$#L*(;("$&
9+"2$*1#$2& D& 6%2(& )>%*9A#/(23& *B1"#22%"$& )(2& #;%0(2& )(& $+1$& 0("*(& N&
%9$1%-#$B2&9#"B;%$+0*%7A#C1(2&($&$B-B/#21(--(23&(K$*%#$2&)(&:#-;2&)(&:#9$#+"&
A+--.O++)#("2&($&)(&:#-;2&)(&7*+7%0%")(&2+/#B$#C1(23&716-#9#$B23&7A+$+2&)(&
;+)(& N& -(2& :#-;2& )(& 5(6+*)& +::*("$& D& "+$*(& B7+C1(& ->+99%2#+"& )(& *(/("#*&
%1$*(;("$&21*&->(2$AB$#C1(&)1&;+"$%0(3&("&->#"29*#/%"$&)%"2&1"(&C1(2$#+"&
1 In : Truddy Bolter, org. Expressions du politique au cinéma. Sciences Po Bordeaux/Pleine
Page Editeur, Bordeaux, 2006, pp. 58-65.

2
7-12& /%2$(3& 9(--(& )(& -%& /%-(1*& 7+-#$#C1(& )>1"& %9$(& 7*B2("$<& '%& ;B;+#*(&
7+$("$#(--(&)(2&#;%0(2&)1&7%22B&"(&7(1$&)(/("#*&C1(-C1(&9A+2(&)(&$%"0#6-(&
C1>D& 7%*$#*& )(& 2+"& %9$1%-#2%$#+"& )%"2& ->%9$(& )(& ;+"$%0(& C1#& (2$& 1"& %9$(&
7*B2("$<&
&
L’oubli*comme*passion*
'+*2C1(&%1&9#"B;%&+"&2>#"$B*(22(&D&-%&*(7*#2(&)>%*9A#/(23&->("$*(7*#2(&
/#("$& :*BC1(;;("$& %99+;7%0"B(& )>1"(& (27L9(& )(& 2%9*%-#2%$#+"& )1& 7%22B&
("&$%"$&C1(&7%22B<&'%&*(/(")#9%$#+"&)>1"&%9$(&)(&;B;+#*(&2(&:%#$&)1&7+#"$&
)(& /1(& )>1"& 2%/+#*& 7*BPB$%6-#<& Q"& "(& 9+"2#)L*(& 7%2& ->%*9A#/(& 9+;;(& 1"(&
;%$#L*(& 2("2#6-(3& %1& ;G;(& $#$*(& C1>1"& $B;+#"& /#/%"$3& 7%*& (K(;7-(<&
5B7+1*/1(& )(& 2%& 2168(9$#/#$B3& ->%*9A#/(& 2(& 7*G$(& D& ->#--12$*%$#+"& )(& $+1$(&
2+*$(&)(&$AL2(23&%122#&6#("&)(&0%19A(&C1(&)(&)*+#$(<&R--(&(2$&(-B/B(&D&->B$%$&
)(& ;+"1;("$& ($& ->%-#6#& )(& -%& ;B;+#*(& -B0#$#;(& -(& 7#--%0(<& S%#2& C1%")&
5(6+*)& 2>%77*+7*#(& -(2& %*9A#/(2& 9(& ">(2$& 7%2& -(& )(/+#*& )(& ;B;+#*(& C1>#-&
B/+C1(& )%"2& 1"& 7*(;#(*& $(;72& ;%#23& 7%*%)+K%-(;("$3& -(& )*+#$& D& ->+16-#<&
M%*&(K(;7-(3&%1&$+1$&)B61$&)(&->1"&)(&2(2&7*(;#(*2&:#-;23&Sur'le'passage'de'
quelques' personnes' à' travers' une' assez' courte' unité' de' temps&TUVWVX3&
5(6+*)&)#$&)(&->+16-#&C1(&9>(2$&-%&H&7%22#+"&)+;#"%"$(&I&)(2&2#$1%$#+""#2$(2<&
'>+16-#& 9+;;(& 7%22#+"&Y& 9>(2$& -(& 7%*%)+K(& ;G;(& )(& 9($& (22%.#2$(& ($&
9#"B%2$(& C1#& ">%& 7%2& %**G$B& )(& 9*B(*& )%"2& -(& 7*B2("$& $+12& 9(2& 7($#$2&%9$(2&
C1+$#)#("2& )(& ;B;+#*(& 7%*$%0B(& C1>#-& %/%#$& %77(-B2& 7%*& 1"& $(*;(& $*L2&
;+)(2$(3&-(2&H&2#$1%$#+"2&I<&&
S%#2&C1(&:%1$P#-&+16-#(*3&)>%7*L2&5(6+*)&Z&R$&9+;;("$3&D&7%*$#*&)>1"(&
7*%$#C1(& )(& ->+16-#& T->+16-#& 9+;;(& %*$3& )+"93& %1& 2("2& "#($@29AB("X3&
*(27(9$(*&->%*9A#/(&)%"2&2%&;%$B*#%-#$B&Z&=+;;("$&7*(")*(&->%*9A#/(&7%*&9(&
C1>(--(&(2$3&2%"2&("&:%#*(&1"&;+"1;("$&Z&=+;;("$&-%&*(")*(&%9$1(--(&Z&'(&
2#$1%$#+""#2;(& "(& /+#$& C1>1"(& 2+-1$#+"3& ->+16-#& )B-#6B*B3& -(& *B:12&
9%$B0+*#C1(& +13& )1& ;+#"23& ->#"$(**17$#+"& )(& $+1$(& :+*;(& )(& )#29+1*2&
%9A(/B3& )(& $+12& 9(2& 0*%")2& *B9#$2& ;B)#%$#C1(2& ($& ;B)#%$#2B23& 7+*$(1*2&

3
)>1"(& :%122(& ;B;+#*(& ;%#2& 9+;6#("& 7*B$("$#(1K& )%"2& -(1*& 72(1)+&
#"9%*"%$#+"&)1&/*%#&($&)1&)B:#"#$#:<&&
,-&:%1$&*B:12(*&-(&9#"B;%&-1#P;G;(3&("&-1#&#"$(*)#2%"$&)(&)(/("#*&+68($&
)(& 9+"2+;;%$#+"& 7%22#/(3& 6#("& 2[*3& ;%#2& %122#& ("& -1#& #"$(*)#2%"$& $+1$&
2#;7-(;("$& ->%99L2& D& 1"& C1(-9+"C1(& 2$%$1$& )>?1/*(<& !1& -#(1& )>%--(*& %1&
9#"B;%3& -(& 27(9$%$(1*& )(/*%#$& 7-1$\$& 2>+9917(*& )(& /#/*(& 7-(#"(;("$3& ("&
+9917%"$&->(27%9(&($&-(&$(;72&C1#&-1#&%77%*$#(""("$&)(&)*+#$&)%"2&-(&;+")(&
/#/%"$<&=>(2$&->("8(1&(22("$#(-&)(&9(&7*+8($&)(&9*B%$#+"&)(&2#$1%$#+"23&9+;;(&
9(--(&#;%0#"B(&7+1*&-%&7*(;#L*(&7*+8(9$#+"&D&M%*#2&)(&Hurlements'en'faveur'
de'Sade&TUVW]X3& 7*(;#(*&:#-;&)(&5(6+*)3&2%"2&#;%0(23&D& -%&6%")(&/#21(--(&
9+;7+2B(& 1"#C1(;("$& )>1"(& %-$(*"%"9(& )>1"& B9*%"& 6-%"9& ($& )>1"& B9*%"&
"+#*<&!/%"$&-%&2B%"9(3&-(&9#"B%2$(&)(/%#$&;+"$(*&21*&29L"(&($&7*+9-%;(*&-%&
;+*$&)1&9#"B;%&Y&H&#-&">.&%&7%2& )(& :#-;&^&#-&"(&7(1$&7-12&("&%/+#*&^&7%22+"2&
$+1$& )(& 21#$(& %1& )B6%$&I<& '(& *(:12& )(& ->#;%0(& 2>#;7+2(& %-+*2& 9+;;(& 1"&
6(2+#"3& 9+;;(& 1"(& 2$*%$B0#(& 7+-#$#C1(& #"$(*)#2%"$& )>%)#$#+""(*& )>%1$*(2&
*1#"(2&%1&;+")(&)1&27(9$%9-(&($&)1&2+1/("#*3&9+;;(&)#$&-%&6%")(&2+"+*(<&
!1& -#(1& )>%8+1$(*& 1"& :#-;& %1K& ;#--#(*2& )(& :#-;2& )B8D& (K#2$%"$23& (K7-#C1(*&
7-1$\$&-(2&*%#2+"2&)(&"(&7%2&-(&:%#*(3&H&("&*(;7-%_%"$&-(2&%/("$1*(2&:1$#-(2&
C1(&9+;7$(&-(&9#"B;%&7%*&->(K%;("&)>1"&218($&#;7+*$%"$&3&;+#P;G;(&I<&=(&
H&218($&#;7+*$%"$&I&">(2$&B/#)(;;("$&"#&->%1$(1*3&"#&->%*$#2$(&+1&-(&9#"B%2$(3&
;%#2& -%& 7(*2+""(3& ->G$*(& C1(-9+"C1(& )%"2& 2(2& %9$#/#$B2& C1+$#)#(""(2&
T)>%#--(1*23&5(6+*)&($&2(2&%;#2&%77%*%`$*+"$&2+1/("$&)%"2&2(2&:#-;2&("&$*%#"&
)(&6+#*(&+1&)(&2(&7*+;("(*&)%"2&-(2&*1(2&)(&M%*#2X<&&
'(& 7*(;#(*& %9$(& 2#$1%$#+""#2$(& )>+16-#& 9+"2#2$(*%& )+"9& D& *(:12(*&
->#;%0(<& M-12& $%*)3& 5(**#)%& )#*%& C1>#-& :%1$& *B"+"9(*& D& :%#*(& H&?1/*(&
$B-B/#21%-#2%6-(&I& )(& 9(& )+"$& +"& %& $B;+#0"B<& =>(2$& )%"2& 9(2& $(*;(2& C1(& -(&
7A#-+2+7A(&#;%0#"(&9(&C1>%1*%#$&71&)#*(&5#(1&D&!6*%A%;&%1&;+;("$&+a&#-&
-1#&%&)+""B&->+*)*(&)(&;+"$(*&-(&;+"$&S+*#%A&7+1*&2%9*#:#(*&2+"&:#-2&,2%%9&Y&

4
H&E1*$+1$& 7%2& )(& 8+1*"%-#2$(2&b& !191"& ;B)#%& ("$*(& "+12]&I& 5+"93& 21*$+1$&
7%2& )>#;%0(2& C1#& /#(")*%#("$& $*%"2:+*;(*& ->(K7B*#("9(& /B91(& ("&
#":+*;%$#+"&%*9A#/%6-(3&("&)#29+1*2&%9A(/B3&("&;+"1;("$&/B"B*%6-(<&=>(2$&
)%"2&9($$(&7(*27(9$#/(&C1>#-&:%1$&9+;7*(")*(&-(&*(:12&)>#;%0(&9A(@&5(6+*)3&
%122#& 6#("& )%"2& Hurlements3& +68($& 7%*%)#0;%$#C1(& +a& -%& ;B$A+)(& (2$&
*%)#9%-#2B(3& ;%#2& B0%-(;("$& )%"2& $+12& -(2& %1$*(2& :#-;2& C1#& 21#/*+"$3&
7+1*$%"$&*(7-($2&)>#;%0(2&)>%*9A#/(3&9+;;(&La'Société'du'spectacle&TUVcdX&
($& In' girum' imus' nocte' et' consummimur' ignid'TUVceX<& S%#2& )%"2& 9(2&
)(*"#(*2& 9%23& $+1$(& -%& 2$*%$B0#(& 9+"2#2$(*%& D& )B$+1*"(*& -(& 2("2& #"#$#%-& )(2&
%*9A#/(2&%:#"&)(&-(1*&)+""(*3&%1&;+"$%0(3&1"&)(2$#"&7%*$%0(%6-(3&)#::B*("$&
)(&9(-1#&$*%9B&7%*&-(2&0*%")(2&-#0"(2&"%**%$#/(2&)(&->f#2$+#*(<&!991;1-%$#+"&
)>#;%0(23&9(*$(23&;%#2&%771.B(&21*&1"(&7+-#$#C1(&)(&2+12$*%9$#+"& )(& 2("2&
)1&)#29+1*2&+::#9#(-&C1#&-(2&%&%*9A#/B(2<&
&
Le*détournement*comme*stratégie*
'(& )B6%$& 21*& -(& *%77+*$& ("$*(& 9#"B;%& ($& 7+-#$#C1(& 2+1-L/(&
"B9(22%#*(;("$& -%& C1(2$#+"& )1& ;+"$%0(<& '(& ;+"$%0(& *B1"#$& -(& 2B7%*B3& 9(&
C1(&:%#$&%122#&-(&27(9$%9-(<&'%&)#::B*("9(&("$*(&-(2&)(1K&(2$&)%"2&-%&C1%-#$B&
)(&9($$(&1"#+"<&H&'(&27(9$%9-(&*B1"#$&-(&2B7%*B&;%#2&#-&-(&*B1"#$&("&$%"$&C1(&
2B7%*B&I3& )#$& 5(6+*)<& '>#;%0(& (;6-B;%$#C1(& )(& 9($$(& $AL2(& (2$& 9(--(& )1&
9+17-(& 6+1*0(+#2& C1(& ->+"& /+#$& )%"2& La' Société' du' spectacle&($& 7-12& $%*)&
)%"2& In' girum3& )(/%"$& 2+"& 7+2$(& )(& $B-B/#2#+"<& '(& 9+17-(& .& %77%*%`$&
2+1*#%"$& ($& -(& 9+":+*$& )(& -(1*& #"$B*#(1*& $*%"2;($& -(& 2("$#;("$& )>1"(& /#(&
$+$%-(;("$& A(1*(12(<& S%#2& -(& ;+"$%0(& ("/#*+""(& 9(& 9+17-(& )>#;%0(2& )(&
)B2+-%$#+"& C1#& )B9*B)#$("$& -(1*& 6+"A(1*<& '(& ;+"$%0(& )+""(& %1K& #;%0(2&
2B7%*B(2& )1& 27(9$%9-(& 1"& )(2$#"& 9+;;1"<& g1(-& 2(*%#$3& 7%*& (K(;7-(3& -(&
2 Jacques Derrida, Surtout pas de journalistes !, L’Herne, Paris, 2005.
3 La phrase en latin est un palindrome et peut également être lue de droite à gauche. Son
contenu réitère le sens circulaire de la forme : « nous tournons en rond dans la nuit et sommes
dévorés par le feu ».

5
*%77+*$&("$*(&1"(&#;%0(&)1&0B"B*%-&5(&4%1--(&($&9(--(&)>1"(&8(1"(&:(;;(&
)%"2&2%&6%#0"+#*(&)%"2&1"(&716-#9#$B&)(&S+"2%/+"&Z&!191"3&("&7*#"9#7(3&($&
7+1*$%"$<<<& =(2& #;%0(2& %77%*%#22("$& 7*(;#L*(;("$& )%"2& -(2& %9$1%-#$B2&
9#"B;%$+0*%7A#C1(2& ($& D& -%& $B-B/#2#+"& 9+;;(& B$%"$& )(2& #"2$%"$2&
2$*#9$(;("$& 2B7%*B2& )(& -%& /#(& 9+1*%"$(& ($& 9>(2$& )%"2& 9($& (27*#$& C1(& -(2&
%*9A#/(2&/+"$&-(2&2$+9h(*<&M+1*$%"$3&;#2(2&9\$(&D&9\$(&)%"2&Sur'le'passage'
de' quelques' personnes,&(--(2& %9C1#L*("$& 1"(& BC1#/%-("9(& ($& 7(1/("$& G$*(&
7(*_1(2& 9+;;(& B$%"$& )(2& 7*+)1#$2& )>1"(& ;G;(& 2+9#B$B3& )>1"(& ;G;(&
#)B+-+0#(3&9(--(&)1&27(9$%9-(<&'(&;+"$%0(&)+""(&%#"2#&D&/+#*&->%*9A#/(&)%"2&
2%& ;%$B*#%-#$B& )>#;%0(&Y& 1"(& #;%0(& )(& 5(& 4%1--(& /%1$& 1"(& #;%0(& )(&
S+"2%/+"<&
'(& *B(;7-+#& )>#;%0(2& )>%*9A#/(2& )%"2& -(& 9#"B;%& B$%#$& )B8D& 7*%$#C1B&
)(71#2&-(2&%""B(2&UV]i&7%*&-(2&9+"2$*19$#/#2$(2&*122(23&;%#2&9>(2$&5(6+*)&
C1#& /%& )+""(*& D& 9($$(& 7*%$#C1(& )1& ;+"$%0(& -%& *#01(1*& )>1"(& ;B$A+)(3&
("*#9A#(& 7%*& -(& *(9+1*2& 2.2$B;%$#C1(& D& -%& $(9A"#C1(& )1& )B$+1*"(;("$<&
5>%7*L2&-(&Dictionnaire')(&j1*($#L*(&TUkViX3&H&)B$+1*"(*&I&9>(2$&H&\$(*&1"(&
9A+2(&)>1"&-#(13&-%&;($$*(&("&1"&%1$*(&(")*+#$<&I&=>(2$&%122#&H&)+""(*&D&1"(&
9A+2(& 1"& ;+1/(;("$& 9#*91-%#*(& 9+"$*%#*(& D& 9(-1#& C1>+"& -1#& %/%#$& )+""B<&I&
Q"& 2(& *%77*+9A(& )1& )B$+1*"(;("$& $(-& C1(& 5(6+*)& ->%& $AB+*#2B3& :%#2%"$& -(&
9("$*(& ;G;(& )(& 2%& 7("2B(& (2$AB$#C1(& ($& 7+-#$#C1(<& '(& )B$+1*"(;("$& C1#&
(2$& )+"9& 9($$(& %9$#+"& )(& 9A%"0(*& -(& 9+1*23& -%& )#*(9$#+"& )(2& 9A+2(23& 2(&
7*B2("$(& )%"2& -(2& :#-;2& )(& 5(6+*)& 9+;;(& 1"(& 7+22#6#-#$B& )>+1/(*$1*(&
9*#$#C1(& %1& 2(#"& )(& -%& 2+9#B$B& ;(*9%"$#-(<& '%& "+$#+"& )(& )B$+1*"(;("$&
%77%*%`$&)B8D&)%"2&2+"&-#/*(&La'Société'du'spectacle3&)(&UVkc<&R--(&*(/#("$&
2#K& %"2& 7-12& $%*)& )%"2& -(& :#-;& %)%7$B& )1& -#/*(3& (K7+2B(& 2+12& 1"& %"0-(&
7*+7*(;("$&;%$B*#(-<&5(6+*)&)B7-%9(&)(&-(1*&9+"$(K$(&-(2&#;%0(2&2B7%*B(2&
)1&27(9$%9-(3&-(2&9+":*+"$("$&%1&;+"$%0(&($&%#"2#&7*+9L)(&D& -%&*B%-#2%$#+"&
7*%$#C1(&)(&2%&$AB+*#(<&E+"&;+"$%0(&("&9+17(&:*%"9A(&T#-& ">.& %& 8%;%#2& )(&
21*#;7*(22#+"& +1& )(& :+")1& ("9A%`"B& 9A(@& 5(6+*)X& ;($& ("& B/#)("9(& -%&