1
1ère ES : Thème : Représentation visuelle
Approche historique de la conception de la vision
1. Les grecs
!"#$%&'()#'*+),'&,-'./0#1#23&',&1+*'1/()&11&'1&,'3/4+*,'1)0#*&)5',+*-'%0#,'6/3')*&',+)37&'&5-%3#&)3&8'6%*2-3&*-'$/*,'
1"9#1'&-'&*-3/#*&*-')*&'3%6+*,&'$&'1/'3%-#*&8'1/()&11&'7:&0#*&';),()"/)'7&3<&/)'6/3'1/'<+#&'$)'*&3.'+6-#()&8'/'63#,'$&'
*+0=3&),&,'/**%&,'6+)3'>-3&'%-/=1#&?'
@*&'63&0#23&'$+7-3#*&'$&'1/'A327&'/*-#()&'&,-'7&11&'$)'B'3/4+*'<#,)&1'C?'D11&'6+,-)1&'()&'1&'B'.&)'<#,)&1'C';/#11#-'$&'1"9#1'
,+),'1"&..&-'$&'1/'1)0#23&'&-'</'/)'7+*-/7-'$&,'7:+,&,'6+)3'&*'%63+)<&3'1/'.+30&8'1/'7+)1&)3'+)'$"/)-3&,'63+63#%-%,?'E1''
&,-' /1+3,' 63+6+,%' F1/-+*8' ()#' &*' ./#-' /' 61),' $")*&' #$%&' ,)3' 1&' ,);&-8' $+**/' )*&' <&3,#+*' $&' 7&--&' -:%+3#&' B'$/*,' ,+*'
$#/1+G)&'/<&7'H#0%&'%73#-'/)'I&,#271&'/<JKJL'M''
!"# $%"&'"%# (%)*+"# ,-.'/0# 12'"-34# 5*6%',-7%"+8# "08# /.9'/# ,-'# +(-0# *$$(%8"# /*# /-&'7%"#:# "8# ;('<'# =*+0# ,-"/# 6-8#># '/0#
<(&$(07%"+8#-+#<(%$0#$*%8'<-/'"%#="#8(-8#/"#5"-#,-'#+"#6%?/"#$*0@#&*'0#,-'#5(-%+'8#<"88"#=(-<"#/-&'7%"@#=(+8#<A*,-"#B(-%#
"08#5(%&C#:#"8#/"#5"-#$-%@#"8#0"&6/*6/"#D#<"/-'E/D@#,-'#"08#*-E="=*+0#="#+(-0@#'/0#/"#5'%"+8#0.C<(-/"%#$*%#/"0#F"-3@#D#5/(80#
$%"00C0# &*'0# -+'5(%&"0@# "8# '/0# ='0$(07%"+8# 8(-8"# /*# 0-%5*<"# ="# /.9'/@# "8# 0-%8(-8# /"# &'/'"-@# ="# &*+'7%"# D# *%%G8"%#
<(&$/78"&"+8# /"# 5"-# /"# $/-0# )%(00'"%@# "8# D# +"# /*'00"%# $*00"%# ,-"# <"/-'# ,-'# "08# $-%H# I-*+=# =(+<# /*# /-&'7%"# =-# B(-%#
0.*$$/',-"#*-#<(-%*+8#="#/*#;-"@#*/(%0#/"#0"&6/*6/"#%"+<(+8%"#0(+#0"&6/*6/"@#/.-+'(+#0"#5(%&"#"8#'/#+.F#*#$/-0#=*+0#/*#
='%"<8'(+#="0#F"-3#,-.-+#0"-/#<(%$0@#,-'#+."08#$/-0#-+#<(%$0#C8%*+)"%#"8#=*+0#/",-"/#<"#,-'#;'"+8#=-#="=*+0#"08#<(+5(+=-#
*;"<#<"#,-'#;'"+8#=-#="A(%0H#2"#<"88"#-+'(+#="#$*%8'"0#0"&6/*6/"0#%C0-/8"#-+#8(-8#A(&()7+"@#,-'#8%*+0&"8#D#8(-8#+(8%"#
<(%$0#"8#5*'8#$*%;"+'%#B-0,-.D#/.J&"#/"0#&(-;"&"+80#="0#(6B"80#,-.'/#%"+<(+8%"#(-#$*%#/"0,-"/0#'/#"08#%"+<(+8%C@#"8#+(-0#
=(++"# *'+0'# <"88"# 0"+0*8'(+# ,-"# +(-0# *$$"/(+0# /*# ;-"H# K*'0# /*# +-'8# ,-*+=# /"# 5"-# '+8C%'"-%# 0"# %"8'%"@# /"# <(-%*+8# "08#
=C8%-'8#:#<*%#/"#5"-#'+8C%'"-%@#%"+<(+8%*+8#*-E="A(%0#="0#G8%"0#=.-+"#+*8-%"#='55C%"+8"@#0.*/87%"#"8#0.C8"'+8@#"8#+"#$"-8#$/-0#
0.-+'%#D#/.*'%#,-'#/."+;'%(++"@#$-'0,-"#<"8#*'%#+"#<(+8'"+8#$/-0#="#5"-H#L/#<"00"#=(+<#="#;('%@#"8#*/(%0#'/#*&7+"#/"#0(&&"'/N'
A/1#&*'OPIPJQRPS8'7%12=3&'0%$&7#*'G3&7'$&'1"/*-#()#-%'/632,'T#66+73/-&'0&-'&*'%<#$&*7&8'&*'$#,,%()/*-'$&'*+0=3&)5'
/*#0/)5'1&'3U1&'$)'*&3.'+6-#()&?'E1'3&;+#*-'F1/-+*'OVQWJIVW'/</*-'KLS'/<&7'1"#$%&'()"#1'4'/'')*'B'.1)#$&'#*-%3#&)3'C'()#'&,-'
7+00)*#()%'6/3'1"9#1'6/3'1&'=#/#,'$)'*&3.'+6-#()&'/)'7&3<&/)?'
X#*,#8',)=,#,-&*-'$&' 1"%6+()&'G3&7()&' $&)5' -:%+3#&,'M'1")*&' $")*&' %0#,,#+*'$&'1)0#23&' $&6)#,' 1"9#1' O&5-3/0#,,#+*S' &-'
1"/)-3&' ' $")*&' 3%7&6-#+*' ' $/*,' 1"9#1' $&' ()&1()&' 7:+,&' 63+<&*/*-' $&' 1"+=;&-' O#*-3+0#,,#+*S?'
'
2.#La#vision#d’Aristote.#
X3#,-+-&'$%<&1+66&')*&'-:%+3#&'-+)-'Y'./#-'+3#G#*/1&'$&'1/'<#,#+*'()#',"+66+,&'Y'7&11&,',+)-&*)&,'6/3'1&,'F3%,+73/-#()&,'
&-'6/3'F1/-+*?'E1'73#-#()&8'&*'&..&-8'$/*,'1&'Z&',&*,)8'1/'7+*7&6-#+*'$&'1"9#1'7+00&'/4/*-')*&'*/-)3&'#G*%&'&-'7&11&'$&'1/'
<#,#+*'7+00&' %-/*-'#$&*-#()&'/<&7' 1&'.&)?'B'M*%#0'#;%*'&"+8#/.9'/#C8*'8#=-#5"-@#<(&&"#N&$C=(</"#/"#$%C8"+=#"8# 0'# /*#
;'0'(+#0"#$%(=-'8#$*%<"# ,-"#="#/*#/-&'7%"# 0(%8@#<(&&"#=.-+"# /*+8"%+"@# $(-%,-('#=(+<#/*# #;-"#+"#0."3"%<"%*'8E"//"#$*0#
=*+0#/.(60<-%'8C#O#P#
F+)3'X3#,-+-&8'1/' <#,#+*' *"&,-'6+,,#=1&'()&' ,#'1&'<#,#=1&'*"&,-' 6/,'#00%$#/-&0&*-'&*'7+*-/7-'/<&7'1"+3G/*&'$&'1/'<)&8'
1"9#1'M' ,#'+*' /661#()&' $#3&7-&0&*-')*' +=;&-' ,)3' 1"9#18' +*' *&' <+#-' 3#&*?' !/' <#,#+*' *"&,-' $+*7' 6/,' 3%$)7-#=1&' /)' 7+*-/7-?'
[)3-+)-8'1/',&*,/-#+*'&5#G&'1"#*-&30%$#/#3&'$")*'0#1#&)'&*-3&'1&',&*,#=1&'&-'1"+3G/*&'$&,',&*,?'!/'<#,#+*',&'63+$)#-'$+*7'
1+3,()&'1&,'+=;&-,'7+1+3%,'/G#,,&*-',)3'1"9#1'6/3'1"#*-&30%$#/#3&'$")*'0#1#&)8'()#',%6/3&'1"9#1'&-'1&'<#,#=1&?'L&'0#1#&)8'7"&,-'
1&'$#/6:/*&8'7+*-&*)'&*'6)#,,/*7&'$/*,'1"/#38'$/*,'1"&/)'&-'$/*,'-+),'1&,'7+36,'7+1+3%,?''
E1'./)-8'&*'+)-3&8'()&'1&'$#/6:/*&',+#-'%71/#3%?'!&'$#/6:/*&'&,-'$+*7')*&'6)#,,/*7&'()#'6/,,&'Y'1"/7-&',+),'1"/7-#+*'$&'1/'
1)0#23&8'6)#,()&'1/'7+)1&)3'*"&,-'6/,'<#,#=1&'$/*,'1"+=,7)3#-%?'!&'$#/6:/*&'&,-'/#*,#'1&'<%:#7)1&'$&'1/'7+)1&)3'M'1)#J0>0&'
&,-' #*<#,#=1&' &-' #*7+1+3&8' 0/#,' #1' &,-' 1&' 0#1#&)' ()#' 3&*$' 1&,' 7+)1&)3,' <#,#=1&,?' !+3,()&' 1&' $#/6:/*&' 6/,,&' Y' 1"/7-&' ,+),'
1"/7-#+*' $&' 1/' 1)0#23&8' 1/' 7+)1&)3' /7-)/1#,&' 1/' 6)#,,/*7&' $&' 1"9#1?' !"+=;&-' <#,#=1&' -3/*,0&-' Y' 1"9#1' ,/' .+30&' O&-' *+*' ,/'
0/-#23&S' 6/3' 1"#*-&30%$#/#3&'$)' $#/6:/*&8' &-' 1"9#1' /7-)/1#,&' 1/' ()/1#-%' 7+1+3%&' $)' 7+36,' 6/3' 1"#*-&30%$#/#3&' $)' ,&*,'
7+00)*'M'1"\0&'<+#-?'
2
'
3.#Les#apports#d’Ibn#Al#Haytam#ou#Alhazen#(Xème#siècle)#puis#de#Léonard#de#Vinci#(XVèmeCXVIème#siècle).#
L"&,-' /<&7' E=*' X1' T/4-/0' +)' X1:/]&*'O^_`JPRI^S8' ,/</*-' /3/=&' O6&3,/*S' &-' +6-#7#&*' $)' a20&' ,#271&8' ()")*' 63+G32,'
7/6#-/1'$/*,'1/'7+063%:&*,#+*'$&'1/'63+6/G/-#+*'&-'$&'1/'6&37&6-#+*'$)'3/4+**&0&*-'1)0#*&)5'&,-'3%/1#,%?'E1'63+6+,&'
()&'1&,'3/4+*,'1)0#*&)5',&'63+6/G&*-'$&'1"+=;&-'Y'1"9#18'7&'$&3*#&3'$&<&*/*-'1&'3%7&6-&)3'$&'1/'1)0#23&?''
Q#R(-0#*;(+0#%"&*%,-C#,-"#/(%0,-"#/.9'/#5'3"#-+"#/-&'7%"#'+8"+0"@#<"/-'E<'#"08#6/"00CH#2"#&G&"@#/(%0,-.-+#(60"%;*8"-%#
0"#8(-%+"#;"%0#/"#S(/"'/@#'/#/-'#"08#'&$(00'6/"#="#/"#%")*%="%#5'3"&"+8#<*%#0(+#9'/#"08#6/"00C#$*%#/*#/-&'7%"#$%(;"+*+8#=-#
S(/"'/#1HH4H#T(-8#<"/*#&(+8%"#,-"#/*#/-&'7%"#*#-+#"55"8#0-%#/.9'/#PH#
E1'3&;&--&'/#*,#'$&'0/*#23&'3/$#7/1&'1&,'-:%+3#&,'&5-3/0#,,#+*#,-&,?'
L&6&*$/*-' #1' 7+00&-' 1"&33&)3' $&' ,)GG%3&3' ()&' 7"&,-' 1&' 73#,-/11#*' O&-' *+*' 1/' 3%-#*&S' ()#' 3&7+*,-#-)&' 1"#0/G&' 6+#*-' 6/3'
6+#*-8'/</*-',+*'-3/*,.&3-8'6/3'1&'*&3.'+6-#()&8';),()"/)'B',#2G&'$&'1"\0&'C?''
!%+*/3$' $&' b#*7#' OPV`QJP`P^S' ,"&,-' /),,#' #*-%3&,,%' /)' 0%7/*#,0&' $&' 1/' <#,#+*8'B'' /*# $-$'//"# ="# /.9'/# 0"# <A*+)"# "+#
='55C%"+8"0#)%*+="-%0#0"/(+#/*#;*%'*8'(+#="#/*#</*%8C#"8#="#/.(60<-%'8C#="0#(6B"80#,-'#0"#$%C0"+8"+8#=";*+8#"//"H#N+#<"#<*0@#
/*#+*8-%"#"08#;"+-"#*-#0"<(-%0#="#/*#;"%8-#;'0-"//"#,-*+=#"//"#"08#(55"+0C"#$*%#/."3<70#="#/-&'7%"#"+#5*'0*+8#%"08%"'+=%"#
/*# $-$'//"# ="# /.9'/# "8# /(%0,-."//"# "08# 6/"00C"# $*%# /."3<70# ="# /.(60<-%'8C@# "//"# 5*'8# 0.C/*%)'%# <'%<-/*'%"&"+8# /*# $-$'//"H# !*#
+*8-%"#5*'8#'<'#-+"#<(+08*+8"#C,-*8'(+#"+#='&'+-*+8#(-#*-)&"+8*+8@#)%J<"#D#/*#='&'+-8'(+#(-#D#/.*-)&"+8*8'(+#="#/*#
$-$'//"#0"/(+#/*#</*%8C#(-#/.(60<-%'8C#="0#(6B"80#PH#
'
4.#Fonctionnement#de#l’œil#établi#au#XVIIème#siècle.#
'
c#*/1&0&*-8' &*' P_R`8' K+:/**&,' d&61&3'OP`_VJP_VQS8' )*' /,-3+*+0&8' /--3#=)&' Y' 1/' 3%-#*&' ,+*' 3U1&' $/*,' 1/' 6&37&6-#+*'
<#,)&11&'&-';&--&'1&,'=/,&,'$&'1"+6-#()&'G%+0%-3#()&'&*'/77+3$/*-')*&'61/7&'/)'3/4+*'1)0#*&)58'+)-#1'#06+3-/*-'6+)3'
#*-&363%-&3'1/'<#,#+*'&-'1&'.+*7-#+**&0&*-'$&,'1&*-#11&,'7+*<&3G&*-&,'&-'$#<&3G&*-&,??'!&,'/,-3+*+0&,',+*-'63%+77)6%,'
6/3'$&,'&33&)3,'$&'<#,#+*8'#06+3-/*-&,'6+)3'1"+=,&3</-#+*'/,-3+*+0#()&8'&-'d&61&3'63+6+,&')*&'-:%+3#&'0/-:%0/-#()&'
$&'1/'7:/0=3&'+=,7)3&'()"#1'%-&*$'Y'1"9#1?'!"9#1'&,-'$&<&*)'#*,-3)0&*-'$"+6-#()&'M'1&,'3/4+*,'1)0#*&)5'6%*2-3&*-'6/3'
)*' 6&-#-' +3#.#7&' O1/' 6)6#11&S8' 1"#3#,' ;+)/*-' 1&' 3U1&' $)' $#/6:3/G0&8' 1&' 73#,-/11#*' ;+)&' 1&' 3U1&' $")*&' 1&*-#11&' 7+*<&3G&*-&' Y'
-3/<&3,'1/()&11&')*&'#0/G&'3%&11&'&-'3&*<&3,%&',&'.+30&3/',)3'1/'3%-#*&'O'()#'./#-'+..#7&'$"%73/*S?'E1'7+*71)-'()&'1/'3%-#*&'
&,-')*'<%3#-/=1&'3%7&6-&)3',&*,+3#&1'&-'()&'1"9#1'&,-')*',4,-20&'+6-#()&'3%G#'6/3'1&,'1+#,'6:4,#()&,?'
#
Questions'M''
X632,'/<+#3'1)'1&,' -&5-&,'7#J$&,,),8'<+),'3%/1#,&3&]')*&'63%,&*-/-#+*'+3/1&'$&'`' Y'W' 0#*)-&,'6/3'G3+)6&' $&'I' Y'
1"/#$&' $")*' -3/*,6/3&*-' ()#' 6+)33/' 7+063&*$3&' -&5-&,' &-' ,7:%0/,?' b+-3&' 63%,&*-/-#+*' $&<3/' 3%6+*$3&' /)5'
()&,-#+*,',)#</*-&,'$/*,'1"+3$3&'()&'<+),'/)3&]'7:+#,#'M'
J F3%7#,&3' 1"%6+()&' Y' 1/()&11&' 1/' +)' 1&,' -:%+3#&,' /=+3$%&,' 7+*7&3*/*-' 1/' 7+*7&6-#+*' $&' 1/' <#,#+*' +*-' %-%'
%1/=+3%&,?'
J D561#()&3' 1&,' %1%0&*-,' &,,&*-#&1,' $&' 7&,' -:%+3#&,' &*' <+),' /#$/*-' $&' ,7:%0/,' $&' 1/' 7+*7&6-#+*' $&' 1"9#1'$&'
1"%6+()&?'
J b+),'7#-&3&]'1&,'63#*7#6/)5'63+-/G+*#,-&,'%<+()%,'$/*,'1&'-&5-&'&*'#*$#()/*-'1&)3'%6+()&'&-'&*'#*$#()/*-'7&'
()"#1,'+*-'3&,6&7-#<&0&*-'&-'6&3,+**&11&0&*-'/66+3-%'/)5'0+$21&,'%-/=1#,?'
'
1 / 2 100%
La catégorie de ce document est-elle correcte?
Merci pour votre participation!

Faire une suggestion

Avez-vous trouvé des erreurs dans linterface ou les textes ? Ou savez-vous comment améliorer linterface utilisateur de StudyLib ? Nhésitez pas à envoyer vos suggestions. Cest très important pour nous !