L`atome sécable : Ernest Rutherford et le noyau atomique

Histoire - L'atome sécable : Ernest Rutherford et le noyau atomique 1
Storytelling Teaching Model: http://science-story-telling.eu
L'atome(sécable(:(Ernest(Rutherford(et(le(noyau(atomique(
!"#$%&' ()&*$"+,"-' $%&' #.' $#' /01/' $#' 2,)3$44$56.47#-$' 7)' %$8#' -9)#$' +7:844$' ;7<%7##$' ;7)3"$=' >$'
?$)#$'@'!"#'AB'C,::$'%7'+7:844$'4D7;;$478&B'%$';7%%8,##7';,)"'4$%';*.#,:E#$%'%C8$#&8+8F)$%'-E%'F)984'"$5
G)&'%,#';"$:8$"'483"$'-$'%C8$#C$%'H'4DIJ$'-$'-8K'7#%=''L4'-$378&'C$;$#-7#&'C,#&8#)$"'H';7"&8C8;$"'7)K'&"75
37)K'-$'47'+$":$=''M,::$'84'.&78&'&"E%'%&)-8$)KB'84'".)%%8&'H',N&$#8"'-$%'N,)"%$%'-D.&)-$%')#83$"%8&78"$%=''
O$#-7#&''%7'38$')#83$"%8&78"$'$#'2,)3$44$'6.47#-$B'84'.&)-87'$&'8#3$#&7'-$%'C8"C)8&%'.4$C&"8F)$%'*7)&$'+".5
F)$#C$' $&' &"7378447' 73$C' 4$%' ,#-$%' "7-8,=' ' P;"E%' 73,8"' ,N&$#)' %,#' -8;4Q:$B' 84' C*$"C*7' )#' $:;4,8'
-9$#%$8J#7#&=''R$'&,)&$'.38-$#C$B'84'#$'-$378&';7%'S&"$'&"E%'-,).'-7#%'C$'-,:78#$'C7"':S:$'7;"E%'%7'
&",8%8E:$'&$#&7&83$B'84'#9,N&8#&';7%')#'$:;4,8'%&7N4$=''L4'&,:N7'7:,)"$)K'-$'47'N$44$'T7"<'2$U&,#':78%'
-.;,)"3)'-9)#$'N,##$'%8&)7&8,#B'84'#$';,)378&'$#38%7J$"'4$':7"87J$=''!"#$%&';,%&)47';,)"')#$'N,)"%$'-$'
"$C*$"C*$'$#'%C8$#C$%B'73$C'47F)$44$'84'%$"78&'$#':$%)"$'-$';,)"%)83"$'%$%'.&)-$%'#D8:;,"&$',V'-7#%'4$'
:,#-$=' ' !#&"$&$:;%' %7#%' $:;4,8B' 84' #$' 4)8' "$%&78&' ;4)%' F)9H' "$&,)"#$"'C*$W' %$%' ;7"$#&%' ;,)"' 4$%' 78-$"'
-7#%'4$%'-83$"%'&"737)K'-$'47'+$":$='
'
L4'.&78&'%)"'4$'C*7:;'H'"7:7%%$"'4$%';,::$%'-$'
&$""$' 4,"%F)$' %7' :E"$' 7CC,)")&' 73$C' )#$' 4$&&"$B'
@'!"#B'&)'#$'4$'C",8"7%'?7:78%'X'&)'7%'F)7#-':S:$'
"$G)' 47' N,)"%$==='A' '!"#$%&' IJ.B' 74,"%' -$' YZ' 7#%B''
478%%7' &,:N$"' %7' +,)"C*$' $&' -.C47"7X' @' MD$%&' 47'
-$"#8E"$' ;,::$' -$' &$""$' F)$' ?97)"78' ?7:78%' "75
:7%%.$'['A''\)$4'C,);'-$'N,4']'N8$#'F)D84'+)&'C47%5
%.'%$C,#-'7)'C,#C,)"%B'4$';"8K'4)8'+)&'7&&"8N).'C7"'
4$'378#F)$)"'4$'"$+)%7='
>$' -$)K8E:$' &,)"#7#&' :7?$)"' -7#%' %7' 38$' %$'
;",-)8%8&'4,"%F)984'$)&'C*,8%8' C,::$'-8"$C&$)"' -$'
&*E%$'4$';",+$%%$)"'^='^='_*,:;%,#'`C,##)'%,)%'4$'
#,:' -$' ^^' ;7"' %$%' .&)-87#&%a' 7)' 47N,"7&,8"$' M75
3$#-8%*'-$'4Db#83$"%8&.'-$'M7:N"8-J$=''M7:N"8-J$'
3$#78&'?)%&$'-9,)3"8"'47'#,)3$44$'%$C&8,#'-$'@'R,C5
&$)"'$#''O*84,%,;*8$'A'$&'()&*$"+,"-'+)&';7":8'4$%'
;"$:8$"%' H' ,N&$#8"' C$' -8;4Q:$=' '!#' /0c0B' H' 4DIJ$'
-$'Y1'7#%B'73$C'4D78-$'-$'^^B'()&*$"+,"-',N&8#&''%,#'
;"$:8$"' $:;4,8' C,::$' ;",+$%%$)"' H' 4Db#83$"%8&.'
TCd844'H'T,#&".74'7)'M7#7-7='L4';)&'7)%%8B'+8#74$5
:$#&B' %$' :7"8$"' 73$C' %7' ;$&8&$' 7:8$B' T7"8$B' F)8'
497378&'7&&$#-)'&,)&'C$'&$:;%='
M9$%&' H'TCd844' F)$' ()&*$"+,"-' +8&' %7' ;"$:8E"$'
J"7#-$'-.C,)3$"&$'e'F)$'4D7&,:$'$%&'C,:;,%.'-$'
;4)%8$)"%';7"&8C)4$%';4)%';$&8&$%'$&'F)984'#9$%&';7%'
8::)7N4$=''R7#%' C$&&$' *8%&,8"$B' #,)%' #$' ;7"4,#%'
F)$'-$'47';"$:8E"$'-$'C$%'-.C,)3$"&$%='
'
b#$'-$%';7"&8C)4$%'%)N7&,:8F)$%'F)984'-.C,)5
3"8&'$&'8-$#&8+87'+)&'47';7"&8C)4$'74;*7B'F)8'#9$%&'$#'
%,::$' "8$#' -97)&"$' F)9)#' 7&,:$' -D*.48):' -.5
;,)844.'-$'%$%'.4$C&",#%=''f$%'-.C,)3$"&$%'-7#%'C$'
-,:78#$' +)"$#&' C,#%8-.".$%' -9)#$' 8:;,"&7#C$'
&$44$'F)D84' "$G)&' 4$' ;"8K' 2,N$4' -$' C*8:8$' $#' /cg0'
@'pour% ses% recherches% sur% la% désintégration% des%
éléments% et% la% chimie% des% substances% radioac4
tives.»'
h#' 4$' ;$"%)7-7' 74,"%'-$' -.:.#7J$"'H' T7#5
C*$%&$"B' $#' P#J4$&$""$' $&'-9<' 7CC$;&$"' 47' C*78"$'
;"8#C8;74$'-$';*<%8F)$='
'
b#' ?,)"' -$' ;"8#&$:;%B' $#' :7"%' /cgcB' !"#$%&'
()&*$"+,"-' .&78&' 7%%8%' H' %,#' N)"$7)B' ;$"-)' -7#%'
%$%';$#%.$%='L4'%$'"$#-8&'C,:;&$'F)D84'7378&'7&&$8#&'
)#'#83$7)'-$'%)CCE%'7)F)$4'-D7)&"$%'%C8$#&8+8F)$%'
#$';,)378$#&'7CC.-$"'F)9$#'"S3$'5')#';"8K'2,N$4'H'
i1' 7#%' [' 'O,)"F),8B' 74,"%B' "$%%$#&78&584' $#C,"$' )#'
%$#&8:$#&' -D8#%7&8%+7C&8,#' j' ' @P3$C' &,)&' C$' F)$'
?978' -.C,)3$"&B'?$' #$' %78%' &,)?,)"%' ;7%' H' F),8''
4D7&,:$' "$%%$:N4$' ".$44$:$#&'A' %,#J$78&584'@' ^$'
#D7CC$;&$'C$"&78#$:$#&';7%'47''&*.,"8$'-$'^^'%$4,#'
47F)$44$'4D7&,:$'$%&')#$'%,"&$'-97:7%'-$'C*7"J$%''
;,%8&83$%' $&' #.J7&83$%' -8%&"8N).$%' ;4)%' ,)' :,8#%'
)#8+,":.:$#&A=' 'L4' "$38#&' H' %,#' $K;."8$#C$' F)8'
C,#%8%&78&' H' N,:N7"-$"')#$' +8#$' +$)844$' -$' :8C7'
73$C'-$%';7"&8C)4$%'74;*7'$&'-$';"$#-"$')#$';*,5
&,' -)' +78%C$7)' -$' 4D7)&"$' CQ&.' 73$C' )#$' ;47F)$'
;*,&,J"7;*8F)$='L'4'%97&&$#-78&'H',N&$#8"')#';,8#&'
&"E%' 4):8#$)K' :78%' 7)' C,#&"78"$' 498:7J$' .&78&'
+4,)$=' 'O,)"F),8' j' !&' F)$' C$47' ;,)378&584' N8$#' "75
C,#&$"'%)"'47'%&")C&)"$'8#&$"#$'-$'497&,:$'j'
2 Histoire - L'atome sécable : Ernest Rutherford et le noyau atomique
Storytelling Teaching Model: http://science-story-telling.eu
>$' Ck)"' -$' 4D7&,:$' #$' ;,)378&' F)7#-' :S:$'
;7%'S&"$')#$'C*7"J$';,%8&83$'C,#C$#&".$'-7#%')#'
;$&8&' $%;7C$l' ' >$%' ;7"&8C)4$%' 74;*7' #$' "$N,#-8%5
%78$#&' F)7#-' :S:$' ;7%' C,::$' -$%' N844$%' %)"' 4$'
C$#&"$'-$'4D7&,:$='
b#'4.J$"'C,);'H'47';,"&$'&8"7'()&*$"+,"-'-$'%$%'
;$#%.$%=' @' !#&"$W[' A' %7' 3,8K' ".%,##7=' 'f,#' 7%%8%5
&7#&B'm7#%'d$8J$"B'$#&"7' %)838'-9)#'?$)#$'*,::$'
F)$' ()&*$"+,"-' #97378&' ?7:78%' "$#C,#&".' 7);7"75
37#&=' ' @' O",+$%%$)"B' CD$%&' !"#$%&' T7"%-$#B' )#' -$'
#,%' .&)-87#&%' F)8' 7' N$%,8#' -D)#' ;",?$&' -$' "$5
C*$"C*$=''^$'4978'+,":.'7)K':.&*,-$%'-$'-.&$C&8,#'
-$' 47' "7-8,7C&838&.=' 'O$#%$W53,)%' F)D84' ;,)""78&'
C,::$#C$"' )#' ;$&8&' ;",?$&' -$' "$C*$"C*$' 73$C'
#,)%j' A' 'm7#%' ;7"478&' 73$C' )#'+,"&' 7CC$#&' 744$5
:7#-=''L4'3$#78&'?)%&$'-97""83$"'-9P44$:7J#$'C7"'84'
7378&',N&$#)'47'N,)"%$'-$'"$C*$"C*$'^,*#'m7"48#J'
7+8#'-$'&"737844$"'73$C'()&*$"+,"-'H'T7#C*$%&$"='
@'^$';$#%$'F)$'CD$%&')#$'N,##$'8-.$B'H'C,#-85
&8,#' F)$' T,#%8$)"' T7"%-$#' %,8&' ' -8%;,%.' H' &"75
37844$"' H' )#$' &IC*$' &"E%' 7"-)$' F)8' $%&' C$44$' -$'
49,N%$"37&8,#''-$%'%C8#&8447&8,#%='A'
@'fC8#'5fC8#&8447&8,#%B'T,#%8$)"j'R$'F),8'%D7J8&5
84j'A''N74N)&87''4$'?$)#$'*,::$B'8:;"$%%8,##.';7"'
()&*$"+,"-='
@'M$' %,#&' -$' ;$&8&%' .C478"%'-$' 4):8E"$' .:8%'
4,"%F)$' 4$%' ;7"&8C)4$%' 74;*7' +"7;;$#&' )#' .C"7#'
+4),"$%C$#&=''n8$#'%o"B'3,)%'#$'4$%'3,<$W';7%'%7)+'
%8'3,)%')&848%$W')#':8C",%C,;$'$&'3,%'<$)K'#$';$)5
3$#&' ;7%' 4$%' -.&$C&$"' H' :,8#%' -9S&"$' "$%&.' -7#%'
4D,N%C)"8&.' &,&74$' ;$#-7#&' 7)' :,8#%' )#$' -$:85
*$)"$'73$C'4$%'<$)K'J"7#-',)3$"&%=''!#%)8&$B'3,)%'
-$3$W'S&"$';"S&'H'"$J7"-$"'-7#%'4$':8C",%C,;$'$&'
J7"-$"' 4$%' <$)K' ,)3$"&%' %7#%' C844$"' ;$#-7#&' -$%'
&"7#C*$%'-97)':,8#%'-$)K':8#)&$%'$&'-$'C,:;&$"'
&,)%'4$%'+47%*%'F)$'3,)%'3,<$W=''M$'#D$%&';7%'+7C84$B'
$&'C9$%&'+7%&8-8$)K=A'
@'T,#%8$)"B'?$'%)8%';"S&'H':9$#J7J$"'H'+78"$')#'
&$4'&"73784'A'".;,#-8&'4$'?$)#$'T7"%-$#='
()&*$"+,"-'$)&')#'.C478"'-D8#%;8"7&8,#=''@'P4,"%B'
;,)"F),8'#$' ;7%'478%%$"'H' T7"%-$#' 4$'%,8#'-$' "$5
C*$"C*$"' 4$%' ;7"&8C)4$%' 74;*7' F)8' %,#&' -8%;$"%.$%'
-7#%')#'J"7#-'7#J4$'j''M$47'#97'?7:78%'.&.'".748%.'
7);7"737#&='A'
@'RD7CC,"-'A''-.C47"7'd$8J$"='
@'!&'-$'4HB'#,)%'3$"",#%'A'".;,#-8&'()&*$"+,"-'
$&'T7"%-$#'7CF)8$%G7B'$#&*,)%87%&$=''
'
()&*$"+,"-B' ;7"' C,#&"$B' 7++8C*7' )#' 78"' 8#-.C8%'
4,"%F)$' 4$%' -$)K' ?$)#$%' %C8$#&8+8F)$%' +)"$#&' ;7"5
&8%=''M$'F)D84'#D7378&';7%'-8&B'CD$%&'F)D84'#9.&78&';7%'
C,#378#C)' F)$' T7"%-$#' ;)8%%$' ".)%%8"=' '\)$' %$'
;7%%$"78&584'%984'.C*,)78&'j''f984'#$'&",)378&'"8$#'-$'
+47J"7#&'j' ' \)$44$%'%$"78$#&' 4$%' C,#%.F)$#C$%' %)"'
4$%'+)&)"$%'.&)-$%'-$'4D.&)-87#&'j'
'
_",8%'?,)"%';4)%'&7"-B'()&*$"+,"-B'C,::$'-D*75
N8&)-$B' .&78&' 7%%8%' H' %,#' N)"$7)' $#' &"78#' -9.C"8"$'
4,"%F)$' %,)-78#' )#' C,);' $:;,"&.'"$&$#&8&' H' 47'
;,"&$=' '()&*$"+,"-' %)"%7)&7B' -.C,#C$#&".=' @' !#5
&"$W['A'-8&584'73$C'%7'3,8K'C,)&):8E"$B'N8$#'"$&$#5
&8%%7#&$='
>7';,"&$'%D,)3"8&'$&'d$8J$"'$#&"7'H'J"7#-%';7%B'
-7#%' )#' .&7&' -$' J"7#-$' $KC8&7&8,#=' @' O",+$%%$)"B'
O",+$%%$)"B' #,)%' 73,#%' +78&' 47' -.C,)3$"&$'47' ;4)%'
8#C",<7N4$'5'C$"&78#$%';7"&8C)4$%'74;*7'"$38$##$#&''
$#' 7""8E"$' 3$"%' 47' %,)"C$[' A''O$#-7#&' )#' 8#%&7#&B'
()&*$"+,"-'"$%&7' %7#%' 3,8K=' '!#+8#B' 84' ".;,#-8&X' @'
m7#%B'$K;48F)$W53,)%['A'
d$8J$"' C,#&8#)7'@' 2,)%' 73,#%' )&848%.' )#$'
%,)"C$' -$' "7-8):' ;,)"' ;",?$&$"'-$%' ;7"&8C)4$%'
74;*7'%)"')#$'+$)844$'-D,"'-.;,%.$'%)"')#$':8#C$''
;47F)$' -$' 3$""$' $&' #,)%' 73,#%' C,#%&7&.'
F)9$#38",#' )#$' ;7"&8C)4$' 74;*7' %)"' 38#J&' :844$'
C*7#J$'-$'-8"$C&8,#'H'&$4';,8#&'F)$'C$"&78#$%';$)5
3$#&':S:$'"$3$#8"'$#'7""8E"$='A'
()&*$"+,"-'.&78&'%&);.+78&='' @'MD$%&'8#C",<7N4$=''
f8' 4D7&,:$' $%&' &$4' F)$' 4$' ;".&$#-' ^^' C$' %$"78&'
;"$%F)$'C,::$' %8',#' 47#G78&' )#' ,N)%' -D7"&844$"8$'
-$'/p';,)C$%'C,#&"$')#$' C8N4$' -$' ;7;8$"'-$'%,8$'
$&'F)$'49,N)%'"$N,#-8%%$'3$"%'4$'&8"$)"'['A''d$8J$"'
%$':8&'H'"8"$'@'^$'#D7378%';7%';$#%.'H'C$47===':78%'
C9$%&'H';$)';"E%'C$'F)984'%$';7%%$'['A'
>$'"$J7"-'-$'()&*$"+,"-'%$'C,#C$#&"7B'$&'84'-8&B'
C,::$' %984'%$' ' ;7"478&' H' 4)85:S:$' @'M$47' %8J#8+8$'
F)$' #,)%' -$3,#%' "$C,#%8-."$"'#,&"$' C,#C$;&8,#'
-$' 4D7&,:$==='A' ' d$8J$"' 498#&$"",:;8&' @'T,#%8$)"B'
+7)&584' C,:;4.&$"' 4D$K;."8$#C$' $&' 4D.C"8"$' $#' 3)$'
-9)#$';)N48C7&8,#j'A''
@'h)8B'N8$#'%o"='2$'&"7q#,#%';7%='A'
Histoire L'atome sécable : Ernest Rutherford et le noyau atomique 3
Storytelling Teaching Model: http://science-story-telling.eu
>$%' -$)K' 7##.$%' %)837#&$%' ;7%%E"$#&' C,::$'
)#'&,)"N844,#=''>$%'$K;."8$#C$%'%$'%)8378$#&'$&'".5
3.478$#&' H' C*7F)$' +,8%' -$%'8#+,":7&8,#%' %);;4.5
:$#&78"$%' %)"' 47' -8%;$"%8,#' -$%' ;7"&8C)4$%' 74;*7'
4,"%'-$'4$)"'';7%%7J$'H'&"73$"%'47':7&8E"$=''
'
MD.&78&' 4$' -8:7#C*$' 737#&' 47' 2,r4' /c//' $&' 4$%'
()&*$"+,"-'7378$#&' -.C8-.' -98#38&$"' 4$)"%' 7:8%' $&'
C,44EJ)$%';,)"'4$'-q#$"=''P;"E%'4$'"$;7%B'T:$'()5
&*$"+,"-' %$"38&'4$' &"7-8&8,##$4' @';4):5;)--8#J'A=''
()&*$"+,"-'+8K78&'%,#';)--8#J'7)'48$)'-$'C,::$#5
C$"'H'4$':7#J$"='
@'\)$4F)$'C*,%$'#$'37';7%B':,#'C*."8j''O,)"5
F),8' #$' :7#J$%5&)' ;7%'&,#' ;)--8#Jj'A' -$:7#-7'
T:$'()&*$"+,"-='
()&*$"+,"-'%$:N478&'#$' ;7%' 73,8"'$#&$#-)'47'
F)$%&8,#' :78%' %$' :8&' %)N8&$:$#&'H' ;7"4$"' 73$C'
$K74&7&8,#'X' @'T78#&$#7#&B' ?$' 3,8%' e' ?$' 3,8%';,)"5
F),8'4$':,-E4$'-$'^^'#D$%&';7%'$K7C&'e'$&'?$'3,8%'H'
F),8'-,8&''"$%%$:N4$"'4D7&,:$=''L4'#$';$)&';7%'S&"$'
C,::$' C$' ;)--8#J' 73$C' 4$%' C*7"J$%' #.J7&83$%'
-8%;$"%.$%'C,::$'4$%'+")8&%'7)'%$8#'-$'47';I&$'F)8'
%$"78&'47' C*7"J$' ;,%8&83$=' '>7' C*7"J$' ;,%8&83$' -,8&'
S&"$'C,#C$#&".$'-7#%')#$';$&8&$'".J8,#'7)'C$#&"$B'
$&'47'C*7"J$'#.J7&83$'-,8&'S&"$';47C.$'C,::$')#'
#)7J$'7)&,)"'-)'C$#&"$='A'
>$%' C,#383$%' +)"$#&' &$44$:$#&' $KC8&.%';7"'
498#&)8&8,#' -$' ()&*$"+,"-'F)984'%9$#%)838&')#$'C,#5
3$"%7&8,#'7#8:.$='
>$'4$#-$:78#':7&8#'7)'47N,"7&,8"$B'()&*$"+,"-'
"$&",)37' d$8J$"B' C,::$' -D*7N8&)-$=''()&*$"+,"-''
7##,#G7' &"8,:;*74$:$#&' @'m7#%B' ?$' %78%' H' F),8'
"$%%$:N4$'4D7&,:$' $&' C,::$#&' #,)%' -$3,#%' $K5
;48F)$"'47'J"7#-$'-8%;$"%8,#'-$%';7"&8C)4$%'74;*7=''
>7';4)%'J"7#-$';7"&8$'-$'47':7%%$'-$'497&,:$'$%&'
C,#C$#&".$';"E%'-)'C$#&"$B'4H',V'$%&'".)#8$'&,)&$'
47' C*7"J$' ;,%8&83$B' $&' 47' C*7"J$' #.J7&83$' $%&' ;,"5
&.$' ;7"' 4$%' .4$C&",#%' F)8' %,#&' &"E%' .4,8J#.%' -)'
C$#&"$='A'
'd$8J$"'%$:N478&' )#' ;$)' ;".,CC);.'@' O",+$%5
%$)"B' C9$%&' ".$44$:$#&' )#$' 8-.$' ".3,4)&8,##78"$'
:78%' $44$' #$' %$"7' ;7%' 3)$' -9)#' N,#' k84' ;7"' ^^' A=''
()&*$"+,"-'-8&'73$C' 7%%)"7#C$=' @' f8' ^^' #97378&';7%'
;",;,%.'%7' ;",;"$' &*.,"8$B' 84' 7-:$&&"78&'F)$' ?D78'
"78%,#'s'#,)%'$#'73,#%'4$%';"$)3$%'[A=''()&*$"+,"-'
;)N487' 47' &*.,"8$' -$' %,#' #,)3$7)' :,-E4$' 7&,5
:8F)$':S:$'%8'7)'-.N)&'%,#':,-E4$'+)&'7CC)$8448'
73$C'%C$;&8C8%:$';7"'N,#'#,:N"$'-$'%$%';78"%=''
'
n,*"' 38#&'.;7)4$"' ()&*$"+,"-' $&' C,#G)&' %,#'
;",;"$' :,-E4$' 7&,:8F)$' F)8' .&78&' )#' -.3$4,;5
;$:$#&'-)' :,-E4$' ;47#.&78"$'-9!"#$%&' ()&*$"5
+,"-=' ' >97&,:$' -$' n,*"' +)&' 4$' ;"$:8$"' :,-E4$'
7&,:8F)$' $#' 7CC,"-' H' 47' +,8%' 73$C' &,)&$%' 4$%' ,N5
%$"37&8,#%' $&' 4$%' &*.,"8$%' C,##)$%' H' C$&&$'
.;,F)$='
'
t,8C8' -,#C' C,::$#&' 497&,:$' F)8' %$4,#'
49.&<:,4,J8$' -$378&' S&"$' 8#%.C7N4$' +8&' 7;;7"7q&"$'
-$%' -838%8,#%' 8#&."8$)"$%s' C$' #D$%&' F)$' -$)K' 7#%'
;4)%' &7"-' F)$' ()&*$"+,"-' )&848%7B' 4$' ;"$:8$"B' 4$'
:,&'@'#,<7)'A';,)"'-.C"8"$'4$'C$#&"$'-$'4D7&,:$=''
'
References(
d$8J$"B' m=B' u' T7"%-$#B' !=' `/cgca=' h#' 7' -8++)%$' "$+4$C&8,#' ,+'
&*$' 74;*7' ;7"&8C4$%=' Proceedings% of% the% Royal% Society% of%
London%A,%82B'Zcpepgg='
T,,#B'O='n='`/c1Za='Ernest%Rutherford%and%the%Atom='>,#-,#X'
O"8,"<'O"$%%'>8:8&$-='
287WB' T=' `/cc0a=' v",:' C7&*,-$' "7<%' &,' 74;*7' ;7"&8C4$%' &,'
F)7#&):',+' 7C&8,#X' P' "7&8,#74' "$C,#%&")C&8,#',+' %&")C&)"$'
,+' &*$' 7&,:' 7#-' 8&%' 8:;48C7&8,#%' +,"' C*$:8%&"<' &$K&N,,w%='
Science%Education,%82B'pY1eppY='
($$3$%B'(=' `Ygg0a='A%Force%of%Nature:%The%frontier%Genius%of%
Ernest%Rutherford='2$U'x,"wB'2=x=X''y='y='2,"&,#'u'M,:5
;7#<B'L#C='
()&*$"+,"-B'!='`/c//a='_*$'%C7&&$"8#J',+'74;*7'7#-'N$&7';7"&85
C4$%'N<':7&&$"'7#-'&*$'%&")C&)"$',+'&*$'7&,:='Philosophical%
Magazine,%21B'zzcez00='
y84%,#B' R=' `/c0ia=' Rutherford:% Simple% genius.% M7:N"8-J$B'
TPX'TL_'O"$%%='
>7'&"7-)C&8,#'7'.&.'".748%.$';7"'_8#7'T8C*$&&8'$&'n"8J8&&$'t7#'
_8JJ$4$#'
Ernest’s(Nuclear(Atom'U7%'$-8&$-'N<'M7&*"8#$'v",$%$'{47%5
%$#' U8&*' &*$' %);;,"&' &*$' !)",;$7#' M,::8%%8,#' `;",?$C&'
p/0gcZ5>>O5/5Yg//5/5d(MhT!2Lbf5MTOa' 7#-' _*$'
b#83$"%8&<' ,+' y8##8;$JB' M7#7-7B'7#-' 8%' N7%$-B' 8#' ;7"&B' ,#'
Historical(Background:(Atoms'U"8&&$#'N<'O$&$"'m$$"8#J'7#-'
,#' Biography:( Ernest( Rutherford,( 1st( Baron( Rutherford( of(
Nelson(U"8&&$#'N<'!4|N8$&7'{7U$Cw7'7#-'T7"&7'{7U$Cw7='
'
Ernest’s(Nuclear(Atom'U7%'U"8&&$#'N<'f&$;*$#'{47%%$#'U8&*'
&*$'%);;,"&'&*$'!)",;$7#'M,::8%%8,#'`;",?$C&'p/0gcZ5>>O5
/5Yg//5/5d(MhT!2Lbf5MTOa' 7#-' _*$' b#83$"%8&<' ,+'
y8##8;$JB'M7#7-7='_*8%';)N48C7&8,#'"$+4$C&%'&*$'38$U%',#4<',+'
&*$'7)&*,"B'7#-'&*$'M,::8%%8,#'C7##,&'N$'*$4-'"$%;,#%8N4$'
+,"' 7#<' )%$' U*8C*' :7<' N$' :7-$' ,+' &*$' 8#+,":7&8,#' C,#5
&78#$-'&*$"$8#='
1 / 3 100%
La catégorie de ce document est-elle correcte?
Merci pour votre participation!

Faire une suggestion

Avez-vous trouvé des erreurs dans linterface ou les textes ? Ou savez-vous comment améliorer linterface utilisateur de StudyLib ? Nhésitez pas à envoyer vos suggestions. Cest très important pour nous !