
 



  !
"#$
%&'(



)*&+*,-./01234567.68616,-9:-90;692462-,7-26<46;=/37>737,/612,7?/27@946A346@9764;,6<7>>/042,6<4;6
B/3127;B4;6@97649C56=49D42,6E,046;=/37>7@94;6-962-26;=/37>7@94;6<F12,7?G24;HI6
J2604.746.16,-./[email protected],7-26<460/=-2;46<707?/463-2,04692612,7?G246-96926</,40B7212,6
12,7?/27@946AL4;6.8B=M-38,4;6N6043-2217;;42,6926=4=,7<4612,7?/27@946=0/;42,/6=106.46OPQHI6
R++(*SS((!"#$%&%'()*+,(-*.-/%01-)*@976=49,6E,04T6
U2612,7?G246<96;-76
U2612,7?G246<962-26;-76-96<96;-76B-<7>7/63-BB46<12;6.4631;6<F1..40?G24;56<F12,7?G24;672>43,749C56
<F12,7?G24;6,9B-019C6A-V69246;,01,/?746,M/01=49,7@9463-2;7;,46K604;,190406.160/=-2;467BB927,17046196.7496
<46,017,406.16,9B490H6-96<F12,7?G24;6<46?04>>4I66
J264;,6,-./012,6D7;WKWD7;6<X92612,7?G246@912<6.X-0?127;B46246</D4.-==46=1;6<460/=-2;463-2,04634,612,7?G24I66666666
 2334
*('('***(+Y*&(
Z&5*[\\S(](S*[S&(^*YS_`a(S###b
Z&<4634;64>>43,490;6A3F4;,WKW<[email protected]=101.8;746<46.160/=-2;46<4;64>>43,490;6B1.?0/6.
=0/;4234I6O4,,461240?7464;,6.7/4619C6.8B=M-38,4;I6L4;64>>43,490;6;-2,6=0/;42,;6B17;67.;62460/=-2<42,6=1;IH6
-&$6-/789)*+)*$)!*)&&)$/)(7!6T6O463-2,0c.467[email protected];60c.4;6<4;6=-=9.1,7-2;60/?9.1,0734;6@946;-2,6.4;6
.8B=M-38,4;6d64,6N6A0c.46=.9;67B=-0,12,6<4;6.8B=M-38,4;6NH6
e%

 
   !"#$%$$!!$&$'( 
 )*+,++
-! .(!$&/ 0 "!#"!"1$" 1$"'($" #( 2(!$
 
 
 

 
 )*+3++
+_*\\(S((*[S&&f+&(#((((&(SS((+(f+
&(*\*+&(S*g(a(#((((3^++
2# +Y_&(g(&*&(('fS*S+++(*+Y*\*S(g(]`&+
*&+S+(_S_&+((g^*S*(S+++(
*++((a(&*(hS(((&+(b#
$*&+S+(S&(++(&&((*(+('(aS(S&(
&(&:#
(S&*(((+_`&((**(\\S(
(*+\++*;]i($ &`&+^a*(+*(&&&(b
+_'++*S_j((&&((];<βb*(S((((#
(\(+&(#
R(+&_%-=%>%/%6-*+)*9,)?"7)!!%6-*+)!*@69#$(9)!*+(*ABC*+)*$9.!!)*D^k(a'*
+Y\l#(+(m&&(Sn+Y'g#
o(E(*(&'gf*+&&+'#O40,1724;6=0-,/724;6D701.4;6
=0-<97,4;6=106.4;6D709;6p.-@942,6.16,012;307=,7-256.16p7-;82,MG;46-96.46,012;=-0,6<4;6B-./39.4;6<96OPQWqI6
(&((f+[*+S+++#OF4;,6=1064C4B=.46.4631;6.-0;6<F926r-216As60/;90?42346
<96D709;6<46.16D10734..46@9764;,61.-0;6?10</6426;-75619627D4196<46340,172;62490-24;6<4;6?12?.7-2;6@976
2F4C=07B42,61.-0;6=1;6.46OPQ6q619627D4196<46.4906B4Bp012464,6.-0;6<F926</>737,67BB927,17046-96926
;,04;;567.686190160/13,7D1,7-26<96D709;64,6<462-9D4196<4;6D/;739.4;619627D4196<46.16<7;,07p9,7-26<96240>6@976
3-004;=-2<6196?12?.7-260/13,7D/HI6
o(;-2,631013,/07;/4;6=106.X4C=04;;7-26<46@#/=F9/7.-!&#7.!)!a*(
<46.16,012;307=,7-26<4;6?G24;6<4;6B-./39.4;6<96OPQWqI6t264>>4,69246M8=40WB/,M8.1,[email protected]
(S&*('g(+((`&S&*_+(\(('(+
`*_+*+Y$u#
oG4562X4C=07B46=1;6<46B-./39.46<96OPQWq63.1;;7@94;I
# 4356++ !"#$%&'
78 1# 2 ""($"9
(($((#
'\\+(($S'\\*^+_h*+'\\(#
(&*((i]S($b&(*h*'\\^aS+S&*$
*]*$b#R((S(*`((iv_&(&((+*(($^^$#
(($h+('\\$^*Sa+SSg*hY&(((f+
*(S*S#
e%

 
: (8$/1  8#$  9
&*((($^aYhSg(w*(S+++((&+a*Sx$^f
+Yy'*++((SS&+('\\(&*(($(hS`&*#
&+*[*S#R+++&*+*+&&h(aYf+&*&Z+#
*('++SS+&&a#HI3
J# +_(&+S*Y&h(aYf+&*&Z+#R\\(
+S&+&(*`h`x_'(]+(`S+z'zb
S++S(*\\S+&Y(&(+z#
&g&*+Y*S((+SE&''*S&#
(+S+(+_&S_(S&+*Sn+(#&*+\\fSaS(
\\S(aS((+((&(&'((\(*S+(#
+_*S(&+S*Y(+SE&''K*(\\S(&++(
\\S(ZS\(^(((f*+(S++^(f'^(fSw+&+(
S+++('+S(#
(\\S(ZS\('(+&&Sa&Sw+*S(&&+(Z
S(#(S((*+S(*&&a(#

Y(&4GJ# +_+(+S&(+(SS*(S+++(&++(#(S+++(
'((+'*+++_+(+S'^(&+S&SS+(
+S+(*(&(&+(S+++(**a(&++(#
\S*(_(g&((*Ya+#LF/./B42,63./64;,6.16;/.43,7-26426
>-23,7-26<46.X1>>727,/6<96NO{6A0/34=,4906<96.8B=M-38,46NH61D436.F42;4Bp.46OPQW=4=,7<4I
Y+[_6<4;6B-./39.4;6<96OPQ56.46,M8B-38,46=0-?/27,4906D16B-90706=1062/?.7?4234I66666666
Y(+(+SE#
Y+_/76"*&67/)*.&&%-%/#|+_&&&(SS+&&a
92460/13,7-2619,-W7BB9246<707?/4;63-2,046.4;6}?6<96;-7I6OF4;,6.16;/.43,7-2*-#0./%L)#
&**(((aY&(*| ^*('+Y_&(*m#RS(
&**(S+++(((| +Y_&(*~#
+(_Sf"v^&*`+*(+*(\+((
+&+(#(+*(((+(S+YhS*&&a(+(~••
S(+('++(#
2MNO64;,69246<4;6;-9;6927,/;6<960/34=,4906<463PN#Y+j(+S_j*+
=0-.7>/01,7-26<4;6.8B=M-38,4;6N63F4;,WKW<[email protected];@946.46.8B=M-38,46N6043-221€,692612,7?G24567.6=0-<97,6<46
.F72,40.49•7246‚64,64C=07B46<4;60/34=,490;619C672,40.49•724;6‚I6J26=10.46<46p-93.4619,-307246<F1B=.7>731,7-26T6426
4>>4,6.4;6LN613,7D/;64C=07B42,6Oƒ‚„6=40B4,,12,6.4906;90D7464,6.4906=0-.7>/01,7-2I6O4*9F@"=6$F/)*7#0(9./)(7*
ALN04?H64C=07B46Oƒ‚„631067.6<-7,6;90D7D04563-2,01704B42,6196.8B=M-38,4613,7D/6@9764;,6<4;,72/6K6133-B=.706;16
>-23,7-26=97;6K6B-9070I6P17;69246=10,746<4;6.8B=M-38,4;6=-0,12,6346Oƒ‚„6A2-0B1.4B42,6=0-<97,6=-906E,046926
.8B=M-38,46N613,7D/H6D1604;,4064,60/=-2<046K6.FqL‚I6O46;-2,6.4;6.8B=M-38,4;6N60/?9.1,490;I6q.;6246;-2,6=1;6
S(#
ve%

 
('`&\S*(S&;KQ#(S+++(E`&
*(K4P(*S&*S*(+(((\+(#
S*&**YSS^++(&*(*(S_j(S;<R^Q^2S#
R++(&SGKJ'ySf*(&\(#
(_* …R†(*f*+*i`&va(S*'#
;,5,,*<+9
O46;-2,6<4;612,7?G24;637039.12,;6@976;-2,631=,/;6=106.4;634..9.4;6<42<07,7@94;6,M8B7@94;Iƒ4;6,012;307,;6<46,0G;6
2-Bp049C612,7?G24;6<96;-76;-2,64C=07B/;619627D4196,M8B7@94562-,1BB42,619627D4196<4;634..9.4;6/=7,M/.71.4;6T6
OX4;,6.4631;6<X12,7?G24;67B=.7@9/;6<12;6<4;6B1.1<74;619,-W7BB924;63-BB46.F72;9.72456.16,M80-?.-p9.72456.16
=0-,/7246p1;7@946<46.16B8/.724I6
=##!2(">21 =?7@7:A=(!$11( ?>72$#!B>@2$"$"$"7!2 1:>"!#B>C(
">21 #> 2$$ 2 !># D9
OF4;,69246B1.1<74619,-;-B7@9460/34;;7D461;;-37/46K69246=40,46<46>-23,7-26<46.16B-./39.46}q{t6A}9,-qB9246
'+!b#O40,172;612,7?G24;624637039.42,6=1;64,‡-96246;-2,6=1;64C=07B/;6<12;6.46,M8B9;I6J2616<4;6
}2,7?G24;6ˆ6;/@94;,0/;6‰I6tC4B=.46<46.XŠ7.T6t2631;6<46./;7-26,019B1,7@946<X926Š7.567.6=49,6861D-70672<93,7-26
<X92460/=-2;4619,-7BB92464,692469D/7,463-2,0-.1,/01.4I6O40,172;612,7?G24;6;-2,6=0/;42,/;6>17p.4B42,6T6
19,-7BB927,/6=M8;7-.-?7@94I6

LX4>>73137,/6<46.16;/.43,7-262/?1,7D464;,6<-236723-B=.G,456;-7,6=1067?2-012346;-7,6=1061p;42346<46;/.43,7-26
2/?1,7D4I6q.64C7;,46<4;64>>43,490;619,-W7BB92;63M4r6.4;672<7D7<9;6;172;I6‹1064C4B=.4567.64C7;,463M4r6.16=.9=10,6<4;
72<7D7<9;6<4;6LN619,-60/13,7>;64,6<4;619,-W12,73-0=;6<7,;621,904.;I6q.;6;-2,634=42<12,6=4960/13,7>;64,‡-96=-.8W
;=/37>7@94;I6J261==4..4634,,46;7,91,7-256.X19,-67BB927,/6ˆ6=M8;7-.-?7@946‰I6O4,,4619,-67BB927,/6=M8;7-.-?7@946
4;,67B=.7@9/46<12;6.XM-B/-;,1;746,7;;9.1704I6q.6>19,61.-0;6<4;6B/3127;B4;6<463-2,0c.4I6
(']_&S_('+(*(b 
&(S*(~**('g^&(# +_'+*S
&&*6@9764C=07B42,6OƒŒ6Oƒ‚„64,6.16•-C=ŽI6O46;-2,6<4;6L8B=M-38,4;6K6.-2?946<90/46<46
D74567.;64C=07B42,6<4;60/34=,490;619C63M7B7-•724;64,6.490;6B-<4;6<X13,7-26;-2,67<42,7@94;619C6N04?621,904..4;6T6
$S(SS
N••Wp/,156B-./39.4;6B4Bp0121704;56L}•WŽ56ONL}WŒ6
$SS_`a!x_^&\^
*\S*(\S(*S+++(**a(
(*[ Z
(+(z(S+++(&_&a(++((I#$Sa\(aY+_(
&+S*Y&(^&('+S('+&+S# +&&(_*
'((\\S(+&&(_*Y\\S((('#Y+Y#Y+_&*'
+Y_&+(*Y\\S(#(a(*Ya+#
~e%

 
(v+( 
q.;6;-2,6•-C=Ž62/?1,7>;I6q.;61?7;;42,6<46B127G04*!"#$%&%'()6=10601==-0,6K692612,7?G24I6q.;6;-2,631013,/07;/;6=106.46
&\+S_j
…*S*;<5&4Q
…*S*[<TU&T
$(S*[<S*[;<
L4;6.8B=M-38,4;6<46,8=46NMŽ6;-2,62-,1BB42,672<97,;6=106,-./012346-01.4I6J26.4;672<97,;6726D7,0-6426p.-@912,6.4;
38,-•724;6q••W6?1BB156qLWŒ56qLW‘‚64,6426=0/;42346<4634..9.4;6<42<07,7@94;67BB1,904;I6q.;6;-2,672<97,;6726D7D-6
*(*(S`(&S+(+((*'(\^+((`^+&+S^S(S_j(S+
N••Wp/,164,642634..9.4;6=0/;42,1,0734;62-26=0->4;;7-224..4;I
(+_&S_('+( 
+_+(T+(Q+(#
(&&+(S++( 
L4;6ˆ67221,46.8B=M-’<634..;6‰6qLOŽ6T634..9.4;6•1,901.6“7..40I
(+_&S_('*+t..4;6;-2,6;/.43,7-22/4;619627D4196,M8B7@9464,6;-2,619;;76K6.-2?946
<90/46<46D74I
(&+(S_(((('+(#(S+++(_+”*(((w+'+*(+S(
*(#
q.68616<462-Bp049C6L8d619,-W0/13,7>;64,6.4906=0-.7>/01,7-264,6.4906<7>>/042,71,7-26;-2,6</=42<12,4;6<4;6
+_&S_(#
q.64C7;,46<4;612,7?G24;6NW72</=42<12,;I
L4;6dO{6;-2,6;-9B7;6K69246<7D40;7>731,7-26=106B9,1,7-2I6q.6>19,6<-236<4;6B/3127;B4;6<463-2,0c.46;=/37>7@94;
$S+T6;76926Ld60423-2,04692612,7?G246B4Bp01217046-961?0/?/5634.16=49,672<97046.16</./,7-26
<4;6L86d619,-W0/13,7>;I6L160423-2,046<X92612,7?G246;-.9p.46B-2-B/07@946=49,672<9704692461240?746
A1240?746@976=49,6E,0460/D40;7p.4HI6
}9627D4196=/07=M/07@94T67.6=49,64C7;,406<4;6=M/2-BG24;6<46</./,7-256B17;6.16,-./0123464;,6,0G;6.7/46196
3-2,0c.46<4;64>>4,;6<4;612,73-0=;I

U246B1.1<74619,-W7BB92464;,6.7/46K6.F1==107,7-26<X92460/=-2;467BB9246ˆ64C34;;7D46‰6<707?/463-2,046<4;6
12,7?G24;6<96;-756;43-2<17046K7("/(7)*+)!*@#$.-%!@)!*+)*/69#7.-$)56;906926,4001726?/2/,7@946>1D-01p.46
A/,9<4;6>1B7.71.4;H64,6/?1.4B42,6>1D-07;/4;6=106.X42D70-224B42,6T6D709;56U•56M-0B-24;I6
O4,,460/=-2;467BB924642?42<0469246<4;,093,7-26,7;;9.17046=106.16B7;46426:496<462-Bp049C6B/3127;B4;6<7D40;64,
D107/;56;=/37>7@94;64,62-26;=/37>7@94;6<46.X12,7?G246T6.4;6B/3127;B4;64>>43,490;]$ZS&(^S&+`(
7BB92;56.8B=M-38,4;6N619,-W0/13,7>;560/13,7-2672>.1BB1,-704HI
Z(*\\S+f&Sx+Y^S*(&(*`*g+
`#
e%
1 / 6 100%
La catégorie de ce document est-elle correcte?
Merci pour votre participation!

Faire une suggestion

Avez-vous trouvé des erreurs dans linterface ou les textes ? Ou savez-vous comment améliorer linterface utilisateur de StudyLib ? Nhésitez pas à envoyer vos suggestions. Cest très important pour nous !