LE CYCLE LUNAIRE ET SA SIGNIFICATION
CHEZ LES INDIENS MEXICAINS
The article begins with the Aztec concept of the moon.
They visualized it as a god, while the great majority of
Mesoamerican Indians conceived it as a goddess. After
reference to an ancient myth about the first ascendance of
the Sun and moon, the lunar cycle, as presented hy Sahagùn,
is described and analyzed. Compared with European concepts,
the first marked différence to be noted is another
preference in the subdivision of the lunar cycle : in
contrast to an accent on conjunction, full moon and the two
quarters, the emphasis is on first appearance, full moon,
last appearance, and conjunction. This concept seems to be
a général Mesoamerican tradition. Analyzing the named Aztec
phases in détail, the following emic criteria of
distinction become evident : degree of visibility, form,
activity (like growing or leaving), life cycle, relation
with the sun, and further attributes (like différent
colours or a rabbit in his face). None of these criteria is
employed during the entire cycle.
In a further step, the Aztec data are compared with
those of the Maya-speaking Tzotzil, for whom the most
detailed account of the lunar cycle, as known up to now for
Mesoamerica, has been attested. They distinguish 21 phases,
for which there are -at least- 65 names. These are derived
from several différent cognitive approaches, and
consequently many phases are described alternatively from
more than one viewpoint. With regard to the componential
analysis, ail criteria mentioned above are also present,
and in addition to these a relation to stars and to the
traditional way of time reckoning. Further détails may be
found in publications of the author, as quoted in the
bibliography.