DESCOGEF Mr. MARE
Translation
7 golden rules to make a good translation
Never do a word by word translation.
Understand that, in terms of syntax, there is a different between French and
English.
Think about the false friends.
Make the difference between tenses in French and tenses in English
Know that your first translation is nothing but your draft
Put side by side the two versions of the translation( English/ French)
Finally better your work without paraphrasing
Activity 1: Grammatical and thematic Translation
Translate the following sentences into French
1/ since he arrived in our company as an accountant, our accounts have been well in
green.
2/ you are overdrawn; you should put your account in order as soon as possible.
3/ Astu has been managing the accounts for 5years now. It is high time she was
promoted and became the chief accountant since she gets enough experience.
4/Moussa was a very skillful certified accountant but he frequently quarreled with his
boss. Eventually, he resigned from his job and decided to set up his own accounting
cabinet last year.
5/Every Monday Morning the employees and the unionists get together for a General
meeting. It is the third time they have decided to have a stoppage. The Board of
directors had better react in order to sort out the problem. If they don’t do so on time,
the company will face hard times.
Activity2: Paragraph translation: Translate the following paragraph
Harmonization of Accounting Standards
The diversity of accounting systems is an obstacle in the development of international
trade and business and in the efficiency of the global capital markets. Many concerted
efforts have been made to reduce this diversity through the harmonization of
accounting standards. Also, as international business expands, there is a great need for
international accounting standards that can help investors make decisions on an
international scale.
The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC)
IFAC was founded in 1977 by 63 accountancy bodies representing 49 countries. By
1990, IFAC membership had grown to 105 accountancy bodies from 78 different
countries. Its purpose is to develop “a coordinated worldwide accountancy profession
with harmonized standards.” It concentrated on establishing auditing guidelines to
help promote uniform auditing practices throughout the world. It also promoted
general standards for ethics, education, and accounting management.
AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
The Agency for International Development (AID) is a U.S. government agency founded
by President Kennedy in 1961 whose mission is to promote social and economic
development in the Third World. It has been responsible for assisting transition to
market-based economies in East Europe; establishment of a regulatory framework for
securities markets in Indonesia, Jordan, and Sri Lanka; road construction and
maintenance in Latin America and Southern Asia; and agricultural research and farm
credits worldwide. AID fields workers worldwide and administrative officers in
Washington, D.C. identify worthy projects and then ask U.S. industries to submit
proposals. The winners receive government support.
APPRECIATION OF THE DOLLAR
Also called strong dollar, strengthening dollar, or revaluation of a dollar,
appreciation of the dollar refers to a rise in the foreign exchange value of the dollar
relative to other currencies. The opposite of appreciation is weakening, deteriorating,
or depreciation of the dollar. Strictly speaking, revaluation refers to a rise in the value
of a currency that is pegged to gold or to another currency. A strong dollar makes
Americans’ cash go further overseas and reduces import prices—generally good for
U.S. consumers and for foreign manufacturers. If the dollar is overvalued, U.S.
products are harder to sell abroad and at home, where they compete with low-cost
imports. This helps give the U.S. its huge trade deficit. A weak dollar can restore
competitiveness to American products by making foreign goods comparatively more
expensive. But too weak a dollar can spawn inflation, first through higher import prices
and then through spiraling prices for all goods. Even worse, a falling dollar can drive
foreign investors away from U.S. securities, which lose value along with the dollar. A
strong dollar can be induced by interest rates. Relatively higher interest rates abroad
will attract dollar-denominated investments which will raise the value of the dollar.
Exhibit 11 summarizes the impacts of changes in foreign exchange rates on the
multinational company’s products and services.
1
/
2
100%
