16

• 
! " =# 
$ 
=
µ
#% &'((%
• 
) 
ρ
 *
!  
+*,( 
=
ε
,
-./
!             
# "
*
=
ρ
#
""
"*"
"
*
∂
∂
+=∧∇
∂
∂
−=∧∇
=⋅∇==⋅∇
εµ
ε
ρ
0$
• !  
"
-
ε
σ
=− 
•    ∧=− "- µ
$( " =
$ &),
Ce document est mis à disposition selon les termes de la licence
Creative Commons “Attribution – Partage dans les mêmes conditions
4.0 International”. https://www.immae.eu/cours/

  -
1 
$
 )
#    (        
.
- ,
• $(
, σ =
#  ( 
⋅= 
$ "
=
$ 2 ./34( "
=
ρ
()  #
5)
• )
!
"
"
-
ε
σ
=− 
$  
"
ε
σ
=
0 ,
• $( 2 ./3'6
∂
∂
−= ",$ # =,! " =# 
&
#) .
     )     " ≠  
• )
!   ∧= " µ
7 ./32 &  "
=

  0
!
!      !8 #+       
 )'!8(
!8!8(#   ==
ω
(  −=
"
,,##
"
"
ω
−
=
,,##
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"
ω
9
"
"=
1!
• 
7 ( 
(,
• 
!) 
"
ε
σ
−
=
:;&;   
"
("#("#
ε
σ
−==+= 
∧−==+= " ("#("# µ ,
-8
• 7 !8
; 
7  (         
)     & (   &     
,
# <6=)
(  (#  
=
; )
 "
<
(  ,
!( (#       
 =#=#(# 
+
+
−
=
−+ #

$ =#=#(#  ++−= −+
 −
=
(),
)#)( + (   ,
; 8>
#  "
=
"
##
ε
σ
−=+ 
!(  )(   ∀=+ ("##
(   ,##( " ω −−=∀ #"
#- $+  =
+
=,##=# "+−−=+ ω
8   ,##(# " ω −−−= 
)   ,=(
ω
−= ,
•  
!  −=
"
,,##
"
"
ω
( 
−−−=
"
,,##
"
" 
ω
7<(<()
π
#3
•  
((#   −2,
$ 
−
=
,,##
"
"
"
ω
( 
−−
=
,,##
"
"
"
ω
−
0(
• 
"
"#"#
ε
σ
−==+= 
.  ,
( "
=
σ
,

  ?
• 
!  
∧−=∧==+= "" "#"# µµ
$  ∧−=
−
"
,
"
- µ
ω
) 
#- "
,
"
−−=
−
µ
ω
$ 
,
"
"
-
ω
µ
−
=,
66
• !
@  )()
)  ,
• !6
7))(6
;  "
>
7  6   &       
,!7A&""B,,,
;  "
<
 "
=
6( ))(
 ,!,
86(
6