Fundamental of biomicrology

MICROBIOLOGY
Gary Kaiser
Community College of Baltimore County
(Cantonsville)

Community College of Baltimore County
(Cantonsville)
Microbiology
Gary Kaiser

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This text was compiled on 07/01/2023

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Licensing
Unit 1: Introduction to Microbiology and Prokaryotic Cell Anatomy
1: Fundamentals of Microbiology
1.1: Introduction to Microbiology
1.2: Cellular Organization - Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
1.3: Classification - The Three Domain System
1.E: Fundamentals of Microbiology (Exercises)
2: The Prokaryotic Cell - Bacteria
2.1: Sizes, Shapes, and Arrangements of Bacteria
2.2: The Cytoplasmic Membrane
2.3: The Peptidoglycan Cell Wall
2.3A: The Gram-Positive Cell Wall
2.3B: The Gram-Negative Cell Wall
2.3C: The Acid-Fast Cell Wall
2.4: Cellular Components within the Cytoplasm
2.4A: Cytoplasm
2.4B: The Bacterial Chromosome and Nucleoid
2.4C: Plasmids and Transposons
2.4D: Ribosomes
2.4E: Endospores
2.4F: Inclusion Bodies and Organelles Used for Photosynthesis
2.5: Structures Outside the Cell Wall
2.5A: Glycocalyx (Capsules) and Biofilms
2.5B: Flagella
2.5C: Fimbriae and Pili
2.E: The Prokaryotic Cell: Bacteria (Exercises)
Unit 2: Bacterial Genetics and the Chemical Control of Bacteria
3: Bacterial Genetics
3.1: Horizontal Gene Transfer in Bacteria
3.2: Bacterial Quorum Sensing, Pathogenicity Islands, and Secretion Systems (Injectosomes)
3.3: Enzyme Regulation
3.E: Bacterial Genetics (Exercises)
4: Using Antibiotics and Chemical Agents to Control Bacteria
4.1: An Overview to Control of Microorganisms
4.2: Ways in which Chemical Control Agents Affect Bacteria
4.3: Ways in which Bacteria May Resist Chemical Control Agents
4.E: Using Antibiotics and Chemical Agents to Control Bacteria (Exercises)
Unit 3: Bacterial Pathogenesis
Overview of Microbial Pathogenesis
5: Virulence Factors that Promote Colonization
5.0: Prelude to Virulence Factors that Promote Bacterial Colonization

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5.1: The Ability to Use Motility and Other Means to Contact Host Cells
5.2: The Ability to Adhere to Host Cells and Resist Physical Removal
5.3: The Ability to Invade Host Cells
5.4: The Ability to Compete for Nutrients
5.5: The Ability to Resist Innate Immune Defenses
5.5A: An Overview to Resisting Innate Immune Defenses
5.5B: The Ability to Resist Phagocytic Engulfment (Attachment and Ingestion) and Antibacterial Peptides
5.5C: The Ability to Resist Phagocytic Destruction
5.6: The Ability to Evade Adaptive Immune Defenses
5.E: Virulence Factors that Promote Colonization (Exercises)
6: Virulence Factors that Damage the Host
6.1: The Ability of PAMPs to Trigger the Production of Inflammatory Cytokines that Result in an Excessive
Inflammatory Response
6.1A: Overall Mechanism
6.1B: Gram-Negative Bacterial PAMPs
6.1C: Gram-Positive Bacterial PAMPs
6.1D: Acid-Fast Bacterial PAMPs
6.2: The Ability to Produce Harmful Exotoxins: An Overview
6.2A: Type I Toxins: Superantigens
6.2B: Type II Toxins: Toxins that Damage Host Cell Membranes
6.2C: Type III Toxins: A-B Toxins and other Toxins that Interfere with Host Cell Function
6.3: The Ability to Induce Autoimmune Responses
6.E: Virulence Factors that Damage the Host (Exercises)
Unit 4: Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Viruses
7: The Eukaryotic Cell
7.0: Eukaryotic Cell Anatomy
7.1: The Cytoplasmic Membrane
7.2: The Cell Wall
7.3: The Endomembrane System
7.3A: The Nucleus
7.3B: The Endoplasmic Reticulum
7.3C: The Golgi Complex
7.4: Other Internal Membrane-Bound Organelles
7.4A: Mitochondria
7.4B: Chloroplasts
7.4C: Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, Vacuoles, and Vesicles
7.5: Ribosomes
7.6: The Cytoskeleton
7.7: Flagella and Cilia
7.8: The Endosymbiotic Theory
7.E: The Eukaryotic Cell (Exercises)
8: Fungi
8.1: Overview of Fungi
8.2: Yeasts
8.3: Molds
8.4: Fungal Pathogenicity
8.5: Chemotherapeutic Control of Fungi
8.E: Fungi (Exercises)