ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻟﺍ
٣
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺗﺄﺸﻧﻭ
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻠﻟ ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﺠﻌﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﻌﻳ
Constructivism ﺎﺄﺑ" ﻮـﳕﻭ ﻢﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺅﺭ
ﻊـﻣ ﺔـﻳﺮﻄﻔﻟﺍ ﻪـﺗﺍﺭﺪﻗ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺗ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻪﻳﺪﻟ ﲑﻜﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﳕﺃ ﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﰲ ﹰﺎ ﻄ ﺸ ﻧ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻞﻔﻄﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻣﺍﻮﻗ ﻞﻔﻄﻟﺍ
ﱪﳋﺍﺓ.) " ،ﻥﻮﺘﻳﺯ١٩٩٢ ،ﻡ١(
ﻞﻴﻧﺎﻛ ﺎﻬﻓّﺮﻌﻳﻭ ﻒﻳﺭﻭ
(Cannell & Reiff, 1994) ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻤﺘﺴﺑﺍ ﺎﺄﺑ) ﺔـﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ( ،
ﻘﺗ ﻢﻠﻌﺗ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻲﻫﻭّﺪﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻢﹼﻠﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛﻭ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟ ﹰﺎ ﺣ ﺮ ﺷ ﻡ . ﻢﻬﻓﺭﺎـﻌﻣ ﻥﻮـﻨﺒﻳ ﺩﺍﺮـﻓﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ
ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ،ﻢﻫﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃﻭ ﻢﺍﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣﻭ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻢﻬﻓﺭﺎﻌﻣ ﲔﺑ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﳉﺍ ﻢﻬﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣﻭ
ﺎ ﻥﻮﻣﻮﻘﻳ .
(Abdal-Haqq, 1998)
ﻲﻠﻴﻠﳋﺍ ﺎﻬﻓّﺮﻌﻳﻭ)١٤١٧ـﻫ ( ﺎﺄﺑ"ﻲﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻒﻗﻮﻣ ﻰﻋﺪُﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻥﺃ ﻢﻋﺰﻳ ﻻﺇ ﻲـﻫ ﺎﻣ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﳊﺎﺑ
ﺎﻬﻔﺸﺘﻛﺍﻭ ﺎﻫﺎّﺼﻘﺗ ﻪﻧﺃ ﹰﺍ ﺪ ﻘ ﺘ ﻌ ﻣ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﲏﻫﺫ ﺭّﻮﺼﺗ . ﻉﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻻﺇ ﺲﻴﻟ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﳊﺎﺑ ﻰﻋﺪُﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻚﻟﺬﺑﻭ
ﻞﻘﺘـﺴﻣ ﻞﻜـﺸﺑ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﳊﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺄﺑ ﻪﻨﻣ ﹰﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻋﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﻪﻧﺄﺑ ﻲﻋﻭ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻪﻠﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﰎ
ﻪﻏﺎﻣﺩ ﰲ ﻦﻤﻜﺗﻭ ،ﻮﻫ ﻩﺭﺎﻜﺘﺑﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﺃ ﲔﺣ ﰲ ،ﻪﻨﻋ .ﺒﺼﺗﻭ ﺔـﻴﻨﻫﺬﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻋﺍﺪﺘﺑﻻﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺢ
ﻩﺀﺍﺯﺇﻭ ﻪﺗﺎﻓﺮﺼﺗﻭ ﻪﻟﻮﺣ ﻦﻣ ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻪﺗﺮﻈﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺃ ﻲﻫ ".)ﻲﻠﻴﻠﳋﺍ ،١٤١٧ ،ـﻫ٤٣٥(
ﺖﻠﻴﺑ ﻯﺮﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ
(Billett, 1996) ﻊـﻓﺍﻭﺩ ﺪـﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﻧﺃ ﺓﺮﻜﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ
ﺒﻘﺘﺴﻳ ﻭﺃ ﺫﻮﺤﺘﺴﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻣ ﹰﻻ ﺪ ﺑ ﻭ ،ﻪﻟﻮﺣ ﻦﻣ ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻬﻔﻟ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺔﻳﺮﻄﻓ ﺔﻓﺪﻬﺘـﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﺑ ﻞ
ﰲ ﻩﻮﻤﻬﻓ ﺎﻣ ﻊﻣ ﺕﺍﱪﳋﺍﻭ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﳉﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺗ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻔﺑ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻤﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﲏﺒﻳ ،ﺓﺪﻳﺪﳉﺍ
ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺘﺑ ﻥﻮﻣﻮﻘﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﳉﺍ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﺘﺘﻟ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻢﻬﻓﺭﺎﻌﻣ ﲑﺴﻔﺗﻭ .(Kerka, 1997)
ﺪﻠﻴﻔﺳﺮﺳﻼﻗ ﺎﻣﺃ(Glasersfeld, 1988) ﺰـﻛﺮﺗ ﺔﻴﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻯﲑﻓ
ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻢﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ) . ،ﻡﺍﺰﻠﻟﺍ١٤٢٢ ،ـﻫ١٨(