ENGINEERING HIGH-VALUE PROPERTY THE BEST WAY ISPUT OUT THE BIGGEST FIRES ASCOTECH SPRINKLER Fire & Security s.r.l. Via De Gasperi,8 20010 Bareggio (MI) Tel/Fax 02 90361454 e-mail: [email protected] C.F./P.I.07771840969 Reg. Imp. R.E.A. 1980787 www.ascotech-spkr.it Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology WARRANTY ASCOTECH SPRINKLER, warrant its products to be of good materials and workmanship, except that any material, equipment or part not made by Ascotech will bear only the same warranty from Ascotech as the supplier shall give to it. This warranty is effective only if the products are used as directed, are not subjected to misuse, negligence or accident and are not altered, treated or repaired by others than Ascotech in any respect which, in Ascotech judgment, effects its condition or operation. Ascotech makes no warranties of freedom from patent infringement, of merchantability, of fitness for a particular purpose or arising from a course of dealing or usage of trade or other like or different express or implied warranties except as made above. The exclusive remedy for breach of this warranty shall be to give Ascotech written notice thereof and to return the non-conforming product to Ascotech f.o.b. Its plant within thirty days after the buyer has received the same. Thereupon Ascotech at its election shall repair or replace the same or repay the price thereof. No proximate, incidental, consequential or other damages shall be recoverable. Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology ENGINEERING MANUAL INDEX FUNDAMENTALS OF FOAM Why Foam Works Foam Quality General Rules of Foam Application ... Proportioning How Proportioning Equipment Works FOAM What it is . . . How it work . . . What it Does . . . How To Apply it . . . Recommended Application PROPORTIONING METHODS & EQUIPMENT Fixed Proportioning Equipment . . . Pick-Up At The Foam Maker . . . Systems and Storage FLAMMABLE LIQUID STORAGE TANK PROTECTION Choosing the Proper Foam System . . . Types STORAGE LIQUID TANK PROTECTION Basic Types of Protection Storage Tank Surface Roof . . . Floating Roof FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS FOR STORAGE LIQUID TANK PROTECTION SECTION A INTRODUCTION SECTION B FOAM SECTION C PROPORTIONING METHODS & EQUIPMENT SECTION D STORAGE TANK PROTECTION SECTION E ENGINEERING SECTION F CONTROL DETECTOR Linear Heat Detector GLOSSARY Foam Glossary ... Rules Reference SECTION G GLOSSARY Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION A INTRODUCTION A-1M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION A INTRODUCTION A-2M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION A INTRODUCTION A-3M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION A INTRODUCTION A-4M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION A INTRODUCTION A-5M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION A INTRODUCTION HOW PROPORTIONING EQUIPMENT WORKS A-6M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION B FOAM B-1M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION B FOAM B-2M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION B FOAM B-3M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION B FOAM B-4M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION C PROPORTIONING METHODS & EQUIPMENT C-1M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION C PROPORTIONING METHODS & EQUIPMENT C-2M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION C PROPORTIONING METHODS & EQUIPMENT C-3M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION C PROPORTIONING METHODS & EQUIPMENT C-4M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION C PROPORTIONING METHODS & EQUIPMENT C-5M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION C PROPORTIONING METHODS & EQUIPMENT C-6M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION D STORAGE TANK PROTECTION D-1M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION D STORAGE TANK PROTECTION D-2M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION D STORAGE TANK PROTECTION D-3M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION D STORAGE TANK PROTECTION D-4M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION D STORAGE TANK PROTECTION D-5M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION D STORAGE TANK PROTECTION D-6M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology ENGINEERING SYSTEM FROM CONCEPT-THROUGH-TO COMPLETION SECTION E ENGINEERING E-1M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION E ENGINEERING SURFACE APPLICATION The application of foam to the fuel surface is accomplished with a dedicated foam supply pipe to either foam chambers or floating roof foam makers. Both devices are air-aspirating and direct the stream down the inside wall of the tank. Tank style dictates which type of discharge device can be used. Cone roof tanks (with or without internal floaters) require the use of foam chambers for surface application. Because foam chambers contain a vapor seal, they prevent the entrance of flammable vapors into the supply piping. Unlike foam chambers, floating roof foam makers do not contain vapor seals and therefore cannot be used with cone roof tanks. See page E-2M for cone roof surface application flow chart. Floating roof tanks can be protected with either floating roof foam makes or foam chambers. Because piping from the floating roof foam maker is above the floating roof of the tank an open to atmosphere, flammable vapors are minimized and a vapor seal is not required. See page E-12M for floating roof surface application flow chart. E-2M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION E ENGINEERING SURFACE APPLICATION (Continued) Cone Roof Surface Application Flow Chart The fallowing flow chart defines a logical sequence for designing cone roof surface application systems. CLASSIFY FUEL (PAGE E-1M) DETERMINE SUPPLEMENTARY HOSE LINES AND DISCHARGE TIMES (PAGE E-14M) CALCULATE SURFACE AREA (PAGE E-4M) DETERMINATE TYPE OF DISCHARGE DEVICE (PAGE E-5M) DETERMINATE NUMBER OF DISCHARGE DEVICES (PAGE F-8M) DETERMINATE DISCHARGE TIME AND APPLICATION RATE (PAGE E-6M & E-7M CALCULATE SUPPLEMENTARY FOAM QUANTITY (PAGE E-14M) CALCULATE PRIMARY FOAM QUANTITY (E-8M) CALCULATE TOTAL FOAM QUANTITY (PRIMARY+SUPPLEMENTARY) COMPLETE BILL OF MATERIALS E-3M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION E ENGINEERING SURFACE APPLICATION (Continued) Calculation Surface Area (Cone Roof Tanks) When protecting a single storage tank, calculate the surface area using the following formula: SURFACE AREA = r² When protecting multiple storage tanks, it is important to calculate the surface area of the MOST SEVERE HAZARD. The most severe hazard is the storage tank that will require the most foam concentrate for protection. When hall tanks contain the same fuel, the largest tank will require the most foam concentrate and is therefore considered the most severe hazard. When the tanks contain different fuels, the most severe hazard may not be the largest tank. In these cases, it is necessary to determinate the surface are, discharge time, and application rate for each tank and then select the tank which require the most foam concentrate for primary protection. E-4M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION E ENGINEERING SURFACE APPLICATION (Continued) Determinate Type of Discharge Devices (Cone Roof Tanks) Typically, foam chambers are used to protect cone roof storage tanks. However , in certain cases, foam monitors or hand hose lines may be used for smaller tanks. The use of hand hose lines or monitors as primary foam protection is subject to the following conditions: - Hand hose lines shall not be considered for cone roof tanks over 30 ft. (9 m) diameter nor when tanks are over 20 ft. (6 m) high. - Monitors shall not be considered for cone roof tanks over 60 ft. (18 m) diameter. When using hand hose lines or monitors for primary protection, the application rates and discharge times are greater than those for foam chambers and therefore more foam concentrate is required. This is due to the adverse conditions that may arise when applying the foam stream to the fuel surface through the damaged roof. When applying foam to polar solvent fuels using monitors or handlines, it is important that streams be directed at the internal tank sidewall to avoid plunging the foam into the fuel. E-5M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION E ENGINEERING E-1 E-6M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION E ENGINEERING E-2 E-7M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION E ENGINEERING E-8M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION E ENGINEERING SURFACE APPLICATION (Continued) Floating Roof Surface Application Flow Chart The following flow chart defines a logical sequence for design floating roof tank system. DETERMINATE TYPE OF SEAL (PAGE E-10M) REVIEW PROTECTION OPTION (PAGE E-11M) DETERMINE SUPPLEMENTARY HOSE LINES AND DISCHARGE TIMES CALCULATE ANNULAR RING AREA (PAGE E12-M) (PAGE E-14M) CALCULATE SUPPLEMENTARY FOAM QUANTITY (PAGE E14-M) CALCULATE PRIMARY FOAM QUANTITY (PAGE E12-M) DETERMINATE SPACING OF DISCHARGE DEVICES (PAGE E13-M) CALCULATE NUMBER OF DISCHARGE DEVICES (PAGE E-13M) CALCULATE TOTAL FOAM QUANTITY (PRIMARY+SUPPLEMENTARY) COMPLETE BILL OF MATERIALS E-9M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION E ENGINEERING E-10M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION E ENGINEERING E-11M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION E ENGINEERING E-12M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION E ENGINEERING E-13M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION E ENGINEERING E-14M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology EXAMPLE SYSTEM - SURFACE APPLICATION - CONE ROOF TANK SECTION E ENGINEERING Hazard specifications Type of Tank ............. Fixed Cone Roof Height ........................ 12.2 m Diameter .....................30 m Contents .................... Fuel Oil No. 4 System Design 4. Following the flow chart on Page E3-M, the system is determined as fallows: 1. CLASSIFY FUEL Because the fuel flashpoint is above 38 °C, it is determined from that Application Rate is 4.1 Lpm/m² and the discharge time is 30 minutes. 5. Fuel Oil No. 4 Class III Fuel, Flashpoint: 61-116 °C, Not Water Soluble. DETERMINATE DISCHARGE TIME AND APPLICATION RATE (PAGE E6-M E7-M) CALCULATE PRIMARY FOAM QUANTITY (PAGE E8-M) Agent Chosen: 3% Fluoroprotein 2. First, determine the Foam Solution Discharge Rate: CALCULATE SURFACE AREA (PAGE E4-M) FOAM SOLUTION DISCHARGE RATE = SURFACE AREA X APPL. RATE FOAM SOLUTION DISCHARGE RATE = 729 m.² x 4,1 Lpm SURFACE AREA = r² SURFACE AREA = 3.14(15 m.)² SURFACE AREA = 729 m² 3. DETERMINATE TYPE OF DISCHARGE DEVICES (PAGE E5-M) Referring to page E5-M, it is determined that foam chambers are required as tank specifications do not allow monitors or handline nozzles as primary protection. FOAM SOLUTION DISCHARGE RATE = 2971 Lpm Then, determine the foam concentrate quantity: QUANTITY = FOAM SOLUTION DISCHARGE RATE X DISCHARGE TIME X CONC. % QUANTITY = 2971 Lpm X 30 minutes X .03 (% fluoroprotein) QUANTITY = 2676 L E-15M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology 6. Is determined that a 30 m diameter tank requires two, 108 Lpm, hose lines with a discharge time of 30 minutes. 7. SECTION E ENGINEERING DETERMINATE SUPPLEMENTARY HOSE LINES AND DISCHARGE TIME (PAGE E-14M) 10. COMPILE BILL OF MATERIALS NOTICE CALCULATE SUPPLEMENTARY FOAM QUANTITY (PAGE E14-M) QUANTITY = NO. OF HOSE LINES X 1082 LPM X DISCHARGE TIME X CONC. % This is example only. Selection of agent and proportioning equipment will vary with each application. For detection and control system recommendations, consult Ascotech Fire Protection. QUANTITY = 2 hose lines X 1082 Lpm x 30 minutes X .03 (3% fluoroprotein) QUANTITY = 341 L 8. CALCULATE TOTAL FOAM QUANTITY (PAGE E-14M) Primary ........................ 2971 Lpm. Supplementary ............ 341 Lpm. Total foam quantity ...... 3017 L (3%) Fluoroprotein Concentrate Quantity Description 1 3100 L. Atmospheric Storage Tank 1 Balanced Pressure Pump Proportioning System, BPS-4 2 Foam Chamber 2 Handline Nozzle, 50 gpm (189 Lpm) 3100 L. Ascotech 3% Fluoroprotein Concentrate As Required Test Foam, Ascotech 3% Fluoroprotein Concentrate 9. DETERMINATE NUMBER OF DISCHARGE DEVICES (PAGE E-8M) Because the tank diameters is 30 m, it is determined from two foam chambers are required. Each foam chamber must deliver 1488 Lpm of fom solution. This is determined by dividing the Foam Solution Discharge Rate 2971 Lpm by the Number of Foam Chambers (2). E-16M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION E ENGINEERING E-17M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION E ENGINEERING EXAMPLE SYSTEM - SURFACE APPLICATION - FLOATING ROOF TANK Hazard specifications Type of Tank ............. Open Floating Roof Type of Seal .............. Tube Less then 15 cm from top of tube to top roof Height .........................12.2 m diameter .................... 24.4 m Contents ................... Jet Fuel (JP4) System Design Following the flow chart on Page F9-M, the system is determined as fallows: 1. DETERMINATE TYPE OF SEAL (PAGE E-10M) 4. CALCULATE PRIMARY FOAM QUANTITY (PAGE E-12M) Top of Seal application is being used; therefore, the Discharge Time is 20 minutes and the Application Rate is 12.2 Lpm/m² First determine the Foam Solution Discharge Rate: FOAM SOLUTION DISCHARGE RATE = ANNULAR RING AREA X APPL. RATE FOAM SOLUTION DISCHARGE RATE = 42 m² x 12,2 Lpm/ m² Urethane foam tube seal 2. REVIEW PROTECTION OPTION (PAGE E-11M) Because the top of the seal is less than 5 cm from the top of the floating roof, a foam dam and floating roof from maker are to be used. The foam dam will be .3 m high and constructed .6 m from the edge of the roof 3. DETERMINATE TYPE OF DISCHARGE DEVICES (PAGE E-13M) This is the area between the foam dam and the tank wall. ANNULAR RING AREA = TOTAL SURFACE ( r² ) - UNPROTECTED ROOF ( r² ) ANNULAR RING AREA = 5027 ft.² - 453.6 m² ANNULAR RING AREA = 46 m² FOAM SOLUTION DISCHARGE RATE = 560 Lpm Then, dtermine the foam concentrate quantity: QUANTITY = FOAM SOLUTION DISCHARGE RATE X DISCHARGE TIME X CONC. % QUANTITY = 560 Lpm X 20 minutes X .30 (3% AFFF) QUANTITY = 336 L 5. DETERMINATE SUPPLEMENTARY HOSE LINES AND DISCHARGE TIMES (PAGE E-14M) It is determined that an 24.4 m diameter tank requires two, 189 Lpm, hose lines with a discharge time of 20 minutes. E-18M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology 6. CALCULATE SUPPLEMENTARY FOAM QUANTITY (PAGE E-14M) SECTION E ENGINEERING QUANTITY = NO. OF HOSE LINES X 189 LPM X DISCHARGE TIME X CONC. % QUANTITY = 2 hose lines X 189 LPM x 20 minutes X .03 (3% AFFF) 10. COMPILE BILL OF MATERIALS QUANTITY = 227 L 7. CALCULATE TOTAL FOAM QUANTITY (PRIMARY+SUPPLEMENTARY) NOTICE Primary ........................ 334 L Supplementary ............ 227 L Total foam quantity ..... 564 L AFFF (3%) Foam Concentrate This is example only. Selection of agent and proportioning equipment will vary with each application. For detection and control system recommendations, consult Ascotech Fire Protection. 8. DETERMINATE SPACING OF DISCHARGE DEVICES (PAGE E-13M) The foam dam is 30 cm high and the top of the seal is less than 15 cm from the top of the floating roof. Therefore, Top of Seal protection, the maximum spacing between discharge devices is 12.2 m. 9. Quantity Description 1 600 L Gallon Bladder Tank 1 Proportioner, Sized for 189-939 Lpm - Total System 7 Floating Roof Foam Maker 2 Handline Nozzle, 189 Lpm 600 L Ascotech AFFF 3% Concentrate As Required Test Foam, Ascotech AFFF 3% Concentrate CALCULATE NUMBER OF DISCHARGE DEVICES (PAGE E-13M) NUMBER OF DISCHARGE DEVICES = CIRCUMFERENCE OF TANK ( d) MAXIMUM SPACING BETWEEN DEVICES NUMBER OF DISCHARGE DEVICES = 76,6 m 12 m NUMBER OF DISCHARGE DEVICES = 6.28 or 7 Therefore, because the Foam Solution Discharge Rate is 560 Lpm, each device must deliver a minimum of 80 Lpm E-19M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION E ENGINEERING E-20M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION F CONTROL DETECTOR F-1M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION F CONTROL DETECTOR F-2M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION G GLOSSARY FOAM GLOSSARY Foam Maker: A device designed to introduce air into a pressurized foam solution stream. Foam Solution: A mixture of water and foam concentrate. Heat Resistance: The ability of a foam to withstand exposure to heat. High Expression Foam: Special foam designed for high air to solution ratios that have up to 1000 parts air 1 part solution. Hydrocarbon: An organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbon Pickup: The characteristic of a fuel that is suspended or absorbed by expanded foam. Line Proportioner: A device that siphons foam from a container to form a foam solution. Minimum Operating Temperature: The lowest temperature at which a foam concentrate will proporption with venturi devices in accordance with UL requirements. Pickup: the induction of foam concentrate into a water stream by venturi. Polar Solvent: In fire fighting, any flammable liquid which destroys regular foams. Examples of polar solvents are amines, ethers, alcohols, esters, aldehydes, and ketones. Polymeric Membrane: A thin, durable, plastic layer formed on a polar solvent fuel surface protecting the foam cells from destruction by the fuel. Pour Point: The lowest temperature at which a foam concentrate is fluid enough to pour, generally about 5°F (2.8 °C) above the freezing po int. Product: Another name that can be applied to flammable liquid. Proportioner: The device where foam concentrate and water are mixed to form solution. Protein Foam: A hydrolyzed natural protein solid combined with additives to form an organic based concentrate. Quarter Drain Time: The time required for 25% of the total liquid solution to drain from the foam. Also referred to as 25% drain time or quarter-life. Skin Fire: A flammable liquid fire, such as a spill on a solid surface where the liquid is present in a depth not exceeding one inch (2.5 cm). Soluble: The ability to become readily dissolved or mixed with. Submergence: The plunging of foam beneath the surface of burning liquid resulting in a partial breakdown of the foam structure and coating of the foam with the burning liquid. Surfactant: Chemicals that have the ability to alter the surface properties of water. Upstream: Opposite the direction in which water is flowing or will flow. Venturi: The constricted portion of a pipe or tube which increases water velocity and momentarily reduces water pressure. It is in this reduced pressure area that foam concentrate is introduced into the water stream. G-1M Ascotech Sprinkler Fire Engineering And Safety Technology SECTION G GLOSSARY REFERENCES NFPA 11 Low Expansion Foam and Combined Agent Systems NFPA 11A Medium and High Expansion Foam Systems NFPA 11C Mobile Foam Apparatus NFPA 13 Installation of Sprinkler Systems NFPA 16 Deluge Foam-Water Sprinklers and Spry Systems NFPA 16A Close Head Foam-Water Sprinkler Systems NFPA SPP 44 Fire Fighting Foams and Systems NFPA 325M Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases, Volatile Solids NFPA 409 Aircraft Hangars API Pub 2021 Guides for Fighting Fires In and Around Petroleum Storage Tanks ASP TR-74-32 Fire Fighting Foam Proportioning System Technology MIL-F-24385C Fire Fighting Agent, Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) Liquid Concentrate, For Fresh and Sea Water AC No. 150/5390-1B Federal Aviation Administration Heliport Design Guide UL 162 Standard for Safety Air Foam Equipment and Liquid Concentrates G-2M Ascotech HIGH-VALUE PROPERTY PROTECTION SYSTEM ASCOTECH SPRINKLER Fire & Security s.r.l. Via De Gasperi,8 20010 Bareggio (MI) Tel/Fax 02 90361454 e-mail: [email protected] C.F./P.I.07771840969 Reg. Imp. R.E.A. 1980787 www.ascotech-spkr.it
