PHOBIASREVISIONWORKBOOK-1

Phobias Revision
Part 1: Theories of Phobias
Classical Conditioning
Social Learning Theory
Preparedness
Part 2: Methodology
Questionnaires
Experiments using animals
Part 3: Key Studies
Jones (1924) – curing a boy’s phobia
Bennett-Levy and Marteau (1984) – fear of animals
Heinrichs et al (2005) – cultural differences in fears
Part 4: Treating Phobias
Flooding
Systematic Desensitisation
The ethics of therapies
Part 5: Psychologists
The job of a clinical psychologist
Becoming a clinical psychologist
Clinical psychology and phobias

Part 1
Classical Conditioning
This was proposed by Ivan Pavlov using dogs. Why was he initially
investigating about the dogs?
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Describe the dogs’ behaviour
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Pavlov put a tube through the dogs’ cheeks to measure something.
What was it?
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Pavlov rang the bell and the dog did not salivate and then he rang it
and gave the dog some food in the conditioning process and he
repeated this process many times.
Why was the repetition necessary?
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He then just rang the bell and provided no food. How did the dogs
respond?
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What had the dogs learnt?
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Identify the NS, UCS, UCR, CS, and CR before, during and after
conditioning.
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Write a definition of classical conditioning and association below.
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Generalisation is when a conditioned response is produced to stimuli
that are similar to the conditioned stimulus but what does the word
extinction mean?
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If a girl is playing on a beach in shallow water and she catchers her
shoe in a stone and trips and cuts her knee and gets wet which
makes her dad pick her up what phobia may she develop at home?
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Identify the NS, UCS and UCR before conditioning in this case
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During conditioning the water is the NS and the UCS is falling over
and the UCR is fear.

What would the CS and CR be after conditioning?
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Watson and Rayner used classical conditioning with a little boy called
Albert. Outline what they did to the child:
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How can extinction be used to help phobics?
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Is extinction an easy way of getting rid of a phobia?
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Phobias can actually be learned from a single event. What is the
correct term for this type of learning?
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SLT
This theory involves imitating role models. Who are people most
likely to copy?
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What is vicarious learning?
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Coombes et al (1980) let two rats drink from a spout. One had been
given an injection to make it sick. Later, both rats avoided drinking
from the spout.
Explain these findings using the principles of SLT
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SLT can apply to emotions and behaviours. People copy anger and
sadness for example. Fear can also be learnt in this way.
Mineka et al (1984) conducted a laboratory experiment using
monkies.
Evaluate their sample
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These monkies had grown up in the wild and were afraid of snakes.
The monkies born in captivity were not afraid of snakes. He beloved
the wild ones had learnt their behaviour from adult monkies and so
tested this by looking at different reactions.
These reactions included to snakes (real, toys and models) and other
items such as black and yellow cord and triangles. The wild born ones
were afraid of snakes and the lab born ones were afraid of none of
the items. The lab born ones then watched the reactions of the wild
born monkies.
What do you think happened to the behaviour of the lab born
monkies?
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