Sobotta Atlas of Human Anatomy - Volume 1

Atl.asof HumanAnatomy
Editedby R. PutzandR. Pabst
In co[[aboration
with RenatePutz
T r a n s l a t i obny S . B e d o u i
Volume1
Head,Neck,UpperLimb
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Head,Neck,UpperLimb
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GermanEditions:
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- 2 0 r hE d i t i o n: 19 4 8 -19 9 3 U r b a n& S c h w a r z e b
n e r g ,Mu n i c h
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2 0 t hE d i t i o n1: 9 9 3 ,e d i t o r sR P u t za n d R P a b s t
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Contents
Preface
GeneraI
anatomy
P a r t sa n d r e g i o n so f t h e b o d y
Passivelocomotorsystem
Active[ocomotorsystem
Digestiveand respiratorysystem
U r i n a r ya n d g e n i t a Is y s t e m
S u r f a c ep r o j e c t i o no f i n t e r n a lo r g a n s.
Cardiovascutar
system
Centraland peripheralnervoussystem
E n d o c r i n eo r g a n s.
S k i na n d a p p e n d a g e s
R e g i o nosf h e a da n dn e c k R
, e g i o n ecsa p i t i s
etcotli.
B o n e so f t h es k u l t O
, s s ac r a n i i
VI
C r a n i abl a s eB
, a s i sc r a n i i.
.. 264-265
266-273
274-275
2 76 - 2 7 7
278-279
C r a n i anI e r v e sN
, e r v ic r a n i a t e s. . . . .
P a r a s y m p a t h e tai ca n g t i ao f t h e h e a d
1- 3 1 C r a n i a In e r v e st,o p o g r a p h y
C r a n i a Ib a s e ,v e s s e t sa n d n e r y e s
C r a n i a Id u r a m a t e r ,D u r am a t e rc r a n i a L i sa,n d c r a n i a l
6 - 10
a r a c h n o i dm a t e r ,A r a c h n o i d e m
a a t e r c r a n i a [ i s. . . . .
11 - 1 3 S t r u c t u r eo f t h e b r a i na n d b r a i nd e v e t o o m e n t
1 4 T e L e n c e p h a t o n , T e t e n c e p h. .a. .t .o n
1 5 D i e n c e p h a l o nD,i e n c e p h a [ o n
16-17 M e s e n c e p h a l o M
n ,e s e n c e p h a t o .n.
18-23 B r a i n s t e mT, r u n c u se n c e p h a t i
24-29
N u c t e io f t h e c r a n i a In e r v e s .
30
C e r e b e l t u mC, e r e b e L t u m
31
A s s o c i a t i oann d c o m m i s s u r atIr a c t s
I n t e r n a Ic a p s u t eC
, a p s u [ ai n t e r n a ,p y r a m i d atIr a c t
a n d b a s a lg a n g t i a
32-117 V e n t r i c u L asry s t e ma n d s u b a r a c h n o isdp a c e
V e s s e t so f t h e b r a i n
3 2 M a g n e t i cr e s o n a n c et o m o g r a p h i ci m a g e so f
the brain
.
33-61
Frontalsectionsthroughthe brain
...
62-69 H o r i z o n t asl e c t i o n st h r o u g ht h e b r a i n
..
70-73 S a g i t t a sLe c t i o n st h r o u g ht h e b r a i n
S p i n a cl o r d ,M e d u l l as p i n a l i s
.
.
..
74-85
T e m p o r o m a n d i b u Lj oairn t ,A r t i c u l a t i ot e m p o r o m a n d i b u [ a r i sa,n d m a s t i c a t o r m
y usc[es
Faciam
I usc[es
V e s s e l sa n d n e r v e so f h e a da n d n e c k
N o s e ,N a s u se x t e r n u sa, n d n a s a Ic a v i t y ,
C a v i t a s n a .s. i.
86-88
P a r a n a s asI i n u s e s S
, i n u sp a r a n a s a l e s. .
8 9 - 91
0 r a I c a v i t yC
, a v i t a so r i s ,a n d t e e t h ,D e n t e s
92-101
P a t a t eP
, alatum
102
T o n g u eL, i n g u a .
103-104
H y o i db o n e ,0 s h y o i d e u ma, n d h y o i d a m
l . u s c L e s. . . . . .
105
Suprahyoim
d u s c [ e sM
, u s c u l .siu p r a h y o i d eai ,n d
Eye,Organumvisus.
280-283
284
285-294
295-296
297
298-299
3 0 0 - 310
302-305
306
307-309
310-317
318-322
323-325
326-329
330-336
337-339
340-351
352-378
E y e t i d sP,a l p e b r aaen, do r b i t , O r b i t a
.
352-355
L a c r i m aaIp p a r a t uA
s ,p p a r a t u[ sa c r i m a [ i s
. . . 356-357
E x t r a - o c u tm
a ru s c [ e sM, u s c u Iei x t e r nbi u I boi c u I i. . . . 3 5 8 - 3 6 1
E y e b a LBtu, l b u so c u l i
362
Vessels
of theeye
363
e x t e r n aml u s c l eos f t h et o n g u e
. . . 10 6 - 10 8 lris,lris,andpupil.,
Pupil.l.a
. 364-365
M a j o rs a t i v a rgyt a n d sG, t a n d u Lsaael i v a r i amea j o r e s. . j 0 g - 1 1 2
L e n s L, e n sa, n do c u [ afru n d u s ,
A r t e r i ea
s n dn e r v e o
s f t h eo r a lc a v i t y. .
11 3
F u n d uosc u l i. .
.. 366-367
V e s s e tasn dn e r v e o
s f t h et o n g u e
. . . . j 1 4 - 1 j s O p t i cn e r v eN
, e r v u so p t i c u s
. 368-369
F r o n t asl e c t i o ntsh r o u g h
t h eh e a d
. . . 1 1 6 - j 1 7 Optictract,Tractusopticus
. . 370-371
Muscles,
vesselsandnervesof the orbit
. . . . . 372-376
S e c t i o ntsh r o u g h
t h eo r b i t
. . . 377-378
1 1 81 5 6
M u s c l eosf t h en e c k
. jj}-12j
Ear,Auris
.379-400
L a r y n xL,a r y n x.
.... jL2-j3j
T h y r o igdL a n dG, l . a n d utlh. a
yroidea
. . . 1 3 2 - 1 3 5 0vervrew
379
P h a r y n xP,h a r y n x
. . . j 3 6 - 1 4 j A u r i c [ eA
, uricu[a
380
Vessetsandnervesoftheneck
. . . . . . i L Z - 1 5 3 A u r i c u [ a rm u s c t e s M
, u s c u [ ai u r i c u t a r e s
381
S e c t i o ntsh r o u g h e a da n dn e c k .
. . . 15 4 - 15 5 E x t e r n a aI c o u s t i cm e a t u s ,M e a t u sa c u s t i c u se x t e r n u s ,
a n d t y m p a n i cm e m b r a n e M
, e m b r a n at y m p a n i c a. . .
382
A u d i t o r yo s s i c [ e s0, s s i c u t aa u d i t o r i a
383-384
Uppertimb..
. . . . . 1 5 7 - Z S 7Tympaniccavity,Cavitastympani
385-387
A u d i t o r yt u b e ,T u b aa u d i t i v a
388-389
jS7
S u r f a c ea n a t o m y
I n t e r n a Ie a r ,A u r i s i n t e r n a
390-393
Bones,joints,tigaments
.... jig-j77
A u d i t o r ya n d e q u i l . i b r i u m
organ
394-396
j7g-2j3
Muscteo
s f t h e u p p e rL i m b. . .
A u d i t o r ya n d e q u i [ i b r i u mp a t h w a y
397
V e s s e l s a nnde r v e s otfh e u p p e r l . i m b. .
..... 2j4-ZS1
Nervesand vessetsof the ear
398-399
S e c t i o n st h r o u g ht h e a r m
. . . ZS2-ZS7
C o m p u t e dt o m o g r a p h i cs e c t i o n st h r o u g ht h e e a r . . . .
400
B r a i nE, n c e p h a t .o n
...... 2Sg-3S1
Vessetsof the head
. 258-261
l n d e x.
C r a n i acIa v i t yC, a v i t acsr a n i ic, r a n i adI u r am a t e r ,
Duramatercraniatis
.....262-263
..... 401-419
Preface
I t w a s j u s t o v e r a h u n d r e dy e a r sa g o t h a t J o h a n n e sS o b o t t as e t
o u t t o p u b L i s ht h e f i r s t e d i t i o no f h i s A t t a s o f H u m a nA n a t o m y .
S i n c et h e n ,t h i s p i e c eo f w o r k h a s e v o L v esdt e p b y s t e p a s a r e , e c t u r e ras n d
s u t t o f t h e c o n s t a n ti n t e r a c t i o nb e t w e e ns t u d e n t s L
e d i t o r s .l t h a s n o t o n L yb e e nt h e m o s t m o d e r nb a s i sf o r t h e c o m p l e xs u b j e c to f m a c r o s c o p iac n a t o m yt h r o u g h o u m
t a n yg e n e r a t i o n s o f d o c t o r s ,b u t h a s a L s od e v e t o p e di n t o a L a s t i n gw o r k o f
f o r b o t hc t i n i c atIr a i n i n ga n d a d v a n c e dm e d i c a Ie d u c a reference
t i o n .A L ti n a l . Li.t h a s b e c o m ea b o o kf o r a m e d i c a Id o c t o r ' s[ i f e
0 n c e a g a i n ,i n t h i s n e w e d i t i o nt h e a d d i t i o n afti g u r e sh a v eb e e n
d r a w ns t r i c t l yo n t h e b a s i so f o r i g i n a ls p e c i m e n s .
T h e 1 4 t he d i t i o nh a s b e e np a r t i c u [ a r t dy e s i g n e dt o m e e t t h e d e m a n d so f a r e f o r m e dm e d i c a cl u r r i c u t u m e, m p h a s i z i ntgh e i n t e g r a t i o no f c I i n i c a Im e d i c i n ei n t o t h e p r e c L i n i c ac Iu r r i c u l u m .F o r
t h i s p u r p o s e t, h e n e w e d i t i o nh a s b e e ne x t e n d e dt o i n c t u d et h e
f o L t o w i nfge a t u r e s :
- S u r f a c e a n a t o m y i n c t u d i n g p r o j e c t i o no f i n t e r n a I o r g a n s
{ 4 5c o t o u rp h o t o s )
- A n a t o m i c adl i a g r a m sn e x tt o i m a g i n gf i g u r e s
- I n t e g r a t i o no f i m a g i n gt e c h n i q u e st o a g r e a t e re x t e n tI u [ t r a s o u n dX
, - r a yC
, T ,M R I ;1 1 9f i g u r e s )
- E n d o s c o p i ci n
, t r a o p e r a t i vceo L o u ri m a g e sa n d f i g u r e se x e m p t i f y i n gt e c h n i q u e so f p u n c t u r ea n d e x a m i n a t i o [n5 4f i g u r e s l
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1196, 1198,1200,1202,120s1
T h e e d i t o r ss i n c e r e t yt h a n k a t t c l i n i c a lc o l l e a g u e tsh a t m a d e u L t r a s o u n d c, o m p u t e dt o m o g r a p h i ca n d m a g n e t i cr e s o n a n c ei m a g e s a s w e t l a s e n d o s c o p iac n d i n t r a o p e r a t i vpei c t u r e sa v a i [ a b t e :
e e n t i s t r ya n d
P r o f .K r e m e r s ,D e p a r t m e nfto r R e s t o r a t i vD
P e r i o d o n t o [ o gU
y ,n i v e r s i t o
y f M u n i c ht F i g .1 6 9 1
yf
P r o f .K u n z e v, o n H a u n e r s c h eC
s h i L d r e n 'Hs o s p i t a LU, n i v e r s i t o
M u n i c ht F i g .3 2 7 - 3 3 0 1
D r .M e y e r ,D e p a r t m e not f G a s t r o e n t e r o [ o gHye, p a t o t o gayn d
r e d i c aS
L c h o o tI F i g .9 4 4 , 9 8 7a , b ,
E n d o c r i n o t o gH
y ,a n n o v e M
992,1145,11461
P r o f .M i j t l e r - V a h N
[ , e u r o L o g yH,a n n o v e M
r e d i c aS
I chooL
t F i g .1 2 8a , b )
c adioLogy,
P r o f .P f e i f e r R
, a d i o l . o gIyn,s t i t u t ef o r D i a g n o s t i R
U n i v e r s i to
y f M u n i c hI F i g .2 9 3 ,2 94 , 3 1 0 ,3 1 2 ,4 4 9 ,4 5 1 ,
7 69-772,807-810,1255,1286,1287,1317,1318)
P D D r .R a u ,D e p a r t m e not f R a d i o L o gU
y ,n i v e r s i t o
yf Freiburg
lFis.912,925,9261
A d d i t i o n ai lLt u s t r a t i o nwse r eo b t a i n efdr o m t h e f o t l o w i ntge x t books:
Dn. ,
B e n n i n g h o f f - D r e n c k hAanhant:o m i eB,a n d1 { D r e n c k h a h
, r b a n& F i s c h e rM, i . i n c h e2n0 0 3t F i g 8
. 23,
H r s g . l1, 6 A u f t .U
8501
824,848,849,
h i s t o t o g iU
e r, b a n& F i s c h e rM, i i n c h e n
W e l s c hU, . :L e h r b u cH
2 0 0 3( F i g9. 2 2 ,1 0 2 01, 0 9 71,1 2 2 ,1 1 2 3 1
W e t s c hU, .I H r s g . )S: o b o t t aA,t [ a sH i s t o l . o g6i e.A, u f L . ,
Urban& Fischer,Mijnchen2002lFig.1037,1085,1125a, b)
m.A
i eu, f t . ,
W i c k eL, . :A t t a sd e rR i 5 n t g e n a n a t o 3
19o8r5e
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r qi i,n c h e n - W i e n - B a L t i m
l F i q . 9 4a3)
> Generat
anatomy
Surface I Locomotorsystem...
1 Sagitlal plane
2 Median sagittal plane
3 Frontal plane
5 Sagittalaxis
6 I ransverseaxls
axis
7 Longitudinal
Transverse plane
F i g . I a - c P [ a n e sa n d a x e s .
a S a g i t t ap
t t a n e ,P [ a n u ms a g i t t a [ es, a g i t t a I a n d[ o n g i t u d i n aaIx e s
b Transverseptane[= horizontaIptane),Ptanumtransversate,transverseand sagittalaxes
, t a n u mf r o n t a l e L, o n g i t u d i n a n
t d t r a n s v e r s ea x e s
c F r o n t a lp L a n e[ = c o r o n a Ip t a n e ] P
Linea mediana anterior
Lineamedianaoosterior
Linea oaravertebralis
cranialis
(= superior)
Lineasternalis
Lineascapularis
Lineaparasternalis
lateralis
Lineaaxillaris
anterior
Lineaaxillarisposteriot
Lineamedioclavicularis
radialis
ulnaris
palmaris
dorsalis
msdialis
proximalis
caudalis
(= inferior)
fibularis
tibialis
plantaris
F i g .2 a , b O r i e n t a t i o [ni n e so f t h e h u m a nb o d ya n d
t e r m s o f d i r e c t i o na n d o o s i t i o n .
a VentraIview [ventralis,anterior]
b D o r s a Iv i e w I d o r s a [ i sp, o s t e r i o r )
> G e n e r aaI n a t o m y
Surface I Locomotor
system
Partsof the humanbody
F i g .3
S u r f a c ea n a t o m yo f t h e m a [ e .
F i g ,t , S u r f a c ea n a t o m yo f t h e f e m a [ e .
Met ab o t iscy s t e m s
Partsof the humanbodv
Membrum
supenus
brachium
F i g .5
S u r f a c ea n a t o m yo f t h e m a t e .
F i g .6
S u r f a c ea n a t o m yo f t h e f e m a t e .
> Generalanatomy
Surface I Locomotor
system
Regions
of thehumanbody
Regio cervicalisanterior
Begiosternocleidomastoidea
Regiocervicalislateralis
Trigonumclavipectorale
Regio deltoidea
Regiopresternalis
Regiopectoralis
Regioaxillaris
Regiomammaria
Regioinframammaria
Regiobrachiianterior
Regioepigastrica
Regiohypochondriaca
Regiocubitalisanterior,
Fossacubitalis
Begioumbilicalis
Regioabdominalis
lateralis
Regioantebrachiiposterior
Regioinguinalis
Regioantebrachiianterior
Regiopubica[Hypogastrium]
Regiourogenitalis
Dorsummanus
Trigonum
femoris
Regiotemorisanterior
Regiogenusanterior
Dorsumpedis
Fig.7
R e g i o n so f t h e h u m a nb o d y ,R e g i o n e cs o r p o r i s .
M e t a b o t iscy s t e m s
Regionsof thehumanbody
Regio parietalis
Regio occipitalis
Regiocervicalisposterior
Reglo deltoidea
Regiovertebralis
Regioscapularis
Begio axillaris
Regioinfrascapularis
Regiobrachiiposterior
Regiocubitalisposterior
Regioantebrachii
anterior
Regioantebrachiiposterior
Palma[Volal
Regio glutealis
Begiofemorisposterior
Calx
IRegiocalcanea]
Fig.8
R e g i o n so f t h e h u m a nb o d y ,R e g i o n e cs o r p o r i s .
> GeneraIanatomy
Locomotorsystem
Skeleton
Mandibula
Columnavertebralis
(Parscervicalis)
Columnavertebralis
(Parsthoracica)
Clavicula
Scapula
Humerus
Columnavertebralis
(Parslumbalis)
Radius
Os sacrum
Ulna
Os
coccygrs
Os coxae
Ossa carpi
Ossa
meracarpl
Ossa
digitorum
lPhalangesl
Ossatarsi
Ossametatarsi
Ossatarsi
F i g ,9 O v e r v i e w
of the skeleton,
Systemasketeta[e.
F i g .1 0 O v e r v i e w
of the skeLeton,
Svstemaske[etate.
P a rtso f the humanbody
H e a d ,C a p u t
Neck,Co[[um
Trunk,Truncus
T h o r a xT, h o r a x
A b d o m e nA,b d o m e n
P e t v i sP, e L v i s
U p p e r[ i m b ,M e m b r u ms u p e r i u s
pectoraL
S h o u t d egri r d L eC,i n g u t u m
[ Ce i n g u l u m e m b r i
s u p e r i o r i sAl ;r m ,P a r s[ i b e r am e m b r si u p e r i o r i s
Lower[imb, Membruminferius
P e L vg
i ci r d L eC,i n g u L upme L v i c u[m
Cingutumembri
i n f e r i o r i sLl ;e g ,P a r sL i b e rm
a e m b ri n f e r i o r i s
M e t a b o l i cs y s t e m s
Activelocomotorsystem
ti
ii
Parts of the skeleton that can
be felt through the skin
Distributionof haematopoietic
bone marrow
F i g . 1 1 a ,b
S k e l e t o nS, y s t e m as k e L e t a [ e
(Cartilago
articularis)
Substantia
spongiosa;
lvledulla
ossiumrubra
(Extremitas
proximalis)
proximalis
Epiphysis
Linea
epiphysialis
lvletaphysis
(proximalis)
Substantia compacta
A nutricia
Canalisnutricius
Vasanutritia
Corpus
Periosleum
Cavitas medullaris;
l\4edullaossium flava
Epiphysis
distalis
Metaphysis
(distalis)
Fossa olecrani
(Extremitas
dislalis)
Cartilago
articularis
F i g . 1 2 a , b S t r u c t u r eo f t u b u t a rb o n e s ,O s s aL o n g a ;
L o n g i t u d i n sa eI c t i o n s
a H u m e r u sH
, u m e r u so, f a n a d u [ t
0 s s i f i e de p i p h y s e s( e p i p h y s e a[ itn e s ]a r e o n [ yp o o r t yv i s i b t e .
, u m e r u so, f a c h i t d
b H u m e r u sH
T h e e p i p h y s e cs o n s i s to f h y a t i n ec a r t i t a g e .
* E p i p h y se
i sp, i p h y s epatta t e
>> I
Surface I Locomotor
system
Passivelocomotorsystem
Bonedevelopment
7. EW
1 8 . - 1 9Y
.
1 5 . - 1 8Y.
1 5 . - 1 6Y.
1 3 . - 1 5Y
.
3.-4. EM
18.-20.Y
1 3 . - 1 5Y.
1 8 . - 2 1Y
.
4.-5. EM
1 3 . - 1 5Y.
5.-8.M
1 0 . - 1 2Y
.
5.Y
2.-3. Y
2.-4.Y
20.-25.Y
1 8 .Y
1 8 . - 1 9Y
.
7.-8.Y
6.-7.EM
3.-5.Y
1 6 . - 1 8Y.
17.-20.Y
13.-15
1 0 . - 1 3Y
.
1 5 . - 1 8Y.
4.-6.Y
1 9 , - 2 0 .Y
7.-8. EW
1 6 . - 2 0 .Y
E W = Embrvonicw6ek
E M = Embrlonicmonth
M = Monthof life
Yearof life
1 3 . - 1 6Y.
8 . - 1 3 .Y
1.Y
5.-7.Y
1 4 . - 1 8Y.
1 0 . - 1 2Y.
5.Y
1 2 .Y
8 . - 1 2 .Y
16.-24.Y
9.EM
1 3 . - 1 7Y.
1 0 .E M
5 . - 6 .Y
1 7 . - 1 9Y
.
12.-14.Y
1 7 . - 1 8Y.
7. EW
8. EW
7. EW
7.-8. EW
21.-25.Y
1 . - 2 .Y
1 0 . - 1 2Y.
6.M
17.-1A.Y
1 7 . - 1 8Y.
2.4.Y
9. EW
2.-4.Y
9. EW
2.-3. Y
3.-4.Y
9. EW
3 . - 4 .Y
1 . - 2 .Y
3.-5.Y
1 5 . -2 1. Y
5. EM
8. EM
9. EW
Os scaohoideum3.-6. M
Os lunatum3.-6.Y
Os trapezium3.-€. Y
Os traDezoideum
3.-7. Y
Os Disiforme
8.-12.Y
Os triouetrum
1.-4.Y
Os hamatum2.-5. M
Os caoitalum2.-4. M
F i g .1 3 A p p e a r a n c o
e f o s s i f i c a t i ocne n t r e sa n d
s y n o s s i fc a t i o na t t h e e p i p h y s e o
s f t h e u p p e rL i m b
I m e a n sa c c o r d i n gt o v . L A N Z1, 9 5 5 ;E X N E R1,9 9 0 ;
HEUCa
Kn d B A S T1, 9 9 4 J .
Talus7. EM
Calcaneus
5.-6. EM
Os naviculare4. Y
Os cuboideum
10.EM
Os cuneiformemediale2.-3. Y
Os cuneiformeintermedium3.-4. Y
Os cuneiformelaterale12. M
Fig.14 Appearanceof ossificationcentresand
synossification
at the epiphysesof the lower [imb
l m e a n sa c c o r d i n gt o v . L A N Z1, 9 5 5 ;E X N E R1,9 9 0 ;
HEUCK
and BAST,1994).
Met ab o I iscy s t e m s
Activelocomotorsystem
F i g . 1 5 F i b r o u sj o i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i o
fibrosa,exemplifiedby the sutures
of the skutt.
F i g . 1 6 C a r t i [ a g i n o uj o
s int,
A r t i c u l a t i oc a r t i t a g i n e ae,x e m p t i fe d
b y t h e p u b i cb o n es y m p h y s i s .
1 Synovialmembrane
Synovialintima,Intima
1 b Subintimal
layer,Subintima
Fibrousmembrane
3 A-cells(macroohaqes)
4 B-cells(fibroblasts)
5 Fatcells
6 Capillaryvesselswith fenestration
7 Venules
8 Lymphatics
9 Nerves
l 0 Collagenfibres
Fig.17 0sseousjoint,
Articu[ato
i os s e ae, x e m p I i f i e d
b vt h es a c r u m .
Membranafibrosa
lstratumfibrosuml
Capsula
Membranasvnovialis articularis
lstratumsynbviale]
Linea epiphysialis
Labrumarticulare
Recessusarticularis
Membranasynovialis
lstratumsynoviale] Capsula
articularis
Membranafibrosa
lstratumfibrosum]
Vaginasynovialis
joint,Articutatio
Fig.18a, b Synovial.
exemplif
ied
synoviatis,
b yt h es h o u t d ej or i n t .
a S e c t i o inn t h es c a p u [ aprt a n e
b S t r u c t u roef t h ej o i n tc a p s u [ e
* T h e j o i n t c a v i t y ,C a v i t a sa r t i c u t a r i s i, s i t [ u s t r a t e db r o a d e rt o
e n h a n c ev i s i b i t i t y .
> G e n e r aaI n a t o m y
tt
"t
Joints
F i g . 1 9 a - g J o i n t s ,J u n c t u r a es y n o v i a L e s .
a H i n g ej o i n t ,A r t i c u L a t ci oy I i n d r i c a
b C o n o i dj o i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i oc o n o i d e a
c P i v o ti o i n t .A r t i c u L a t itor o c h o i d e a
d
e
f
g
C o n d y l ajro i n t ,A r t i c u L a t ioov o i d e a
S a d d Ljeo i n t ,A r t i c u l a t i os e L t a r i s
S p h e r o i d aj o
I i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i os p h e r o i d e a
P t a n ej o i n t ,A r t i c u L a t ipoL a n a
Planum sagittale,
Axis transversalis
Flexio,
Anteversio
Rotatiointerna
F i g . 2 0 S p h e r o i d aj o
t i n t I h i pj o i n t l ,
A r t i c u t a t i os p h e r o i d e a
[ A r t i c u [ a t i co o x a e l .
Rotatio externa
Met ab o l iscy s t e m s I
C o n trosyste
l
rn s | Sltin
Activelocomotorsystem
Muscles
'1
Line of force
of the muscle
2 Virtual lever arm
of the muscle
3 Axis of rotation
of the,oint
(Cavitassynovialis)
Mesotendineum
Epitendineum
Phalanx media
Fig.21 0rganisation
p r i n c i p l eo f s k e l e t a L
muscLes,
exemptifieb
dyt h e b r a c h i a m
I u s c l e ,M . b r a c h i a t i s .
a M u s c u t u sf u s i f o r m i s
e M u s c u l uisn t e r s e c t u s
, a g i n at e n d i n i s ,
F i g . 2 2 S t r u c t u r eo f a t e n d o ns h e a t h V
e x e m p t i fe d b y a f i n g e r .
b M u s c u L ubsi c e p s
f Musculussemipennatus
c M u s c u l u sb i v e n t e r
g M u s c u t upse n n a t u s
d M u s c u [ upst a n u s
Fig. 23 a-g Typesof musctes
a S i n g L he e a d ,
p a r a L t emI u s c L ef i b r e s
b D o u b t eh e a d ,
p a r a l l e Im u s c L ef i b r e s
c Doubl.ebetty,
p a r a L [ em
I u s c L ef i b r e s
d M u L t i - h e a df t,a t m u s c l e
t yu s c t ew i t h
e M u l . t i - b e Lm
t e n d i n o u si n t e r s e c t i o n s
f U n i p e n n a tm
euscte
g B i p e n n a t em u s c t e
> G e n e r aaI n a t o m y
Surface I Locomotorsystem
Skeletalmuscles
Mm capitis et colli
) U p p 6. t f t , 7 0 t l , 1 0 51f ,1 8 f f
lvlm thoraciset
Mm abdominis
Fig.21 Overview
o f t h e s k e t e t am
l usctes
M e t a b o l iscy s t e m s I
C o n trosyste
t
ms
I St< in
Activelocomotorsystem
Skeletalmuscles
Mm nuchaeet
Mm.dorsi
Fig, 25
Overviewof the sketetaImusc[es.
> GeneraIanatomy
system
Surface I Locomotor
Digestivesystem Respiratorysystem
Digestiveand respiratorysystem
Oesophagus
Hepar-
Pancreas
Vesica biliaris[fellea]
Intestinum
crassum
Canalis analis
Anus
Fig.26
0verviewof the digestivesystem,
Sinusparanasales
Lobussuperior
L,,'o
sinister
Lobusinferior J
Fig.27
Overviewof the respiratorysystem.
Urinarytract
Genitatsystem 0rganprojections
Organa
unnana
Ductusdeferens
Vesicaurinaria
Urethramasculina
Glandula
vesiculosa
Ductusdeferens
Prostata
Glandula
bulbourethralis
Organa genitalia
masculinainterna
Penis
Organa genitalia
masculinaexterna
Epididymis
Urethramasculina
Ductusdelerens
Testis
Scrotum
F i g .2 8 O v e r v i e w
o f t h e u r i n a r ya n d g e n i t a Is y s t e m
of the mate.
Organa
unnafla
Organa genitalia
feminina interna
Organa genitalia
temtntnaexterna
Clitoris
Labiumminus
pudendi
Labiummajus
pudendi
Fig.29 Overview
o f t h e u r i n a r ya n d g e n i t a ls y s t e m
of thefemate.
> Generat
anatomy
Locomotorsystem
Digestive
system
lnternalorgans,projection
Oesophagus
Cor
Diaphragma
Hepar
Gaster
SplenILien]
Pancreas
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ren
Colon
Appendix
vermiformis
Fig.30 Projection
o f t h e i n t e r n a lo r g a n so n i o
t h e s u r f a c eo f t h e b o d y
o f t h e i n t e r n a Io r g a n so n t o
Fig.31 Projection
the surfaceof the body.
Respiratory
system
Metabolicsystems I
Urinarytract
Controlsystems
I Skin
GenitaIsystem Organprojections
InternaI organs,p rojection
Hepar
Gaster
Vesica biliaris
Splen [Lien]
Colon
Ren
Intestinum
tenue
Fig.32 Projection
of the internaL
o r g a n so n t o
t h e s u r f a c eo f t h e b o d v .
o f t h e i n t e r n a lo r g a n so n t o
Fig.33 Projection
the surfaceof the bodv.
G e n e r aaI n a t o m y
Surface I Locomotor
systern
Cardiovascutarsystem Nervoussystern
Arteries
A. carotiscommunis
A subclavia
Arcusaortae
Truncusbrachiocephalicus
Parsascendens
aortae
[Aortaascendens]
Cor
Parsdescendensaortae[Aortadescendens],
Parsthoracicaaortae[Aortathoracica]
Truncuscoeliacus
A mesenterica
suoerior
A renalis
Pars descendens aortae [Aorta descendens],
Pars abdominalisaortae [Aorta abdominalis]
A. testicularis*
Bifurcatioaortae
A mesenterica
inferior
A iliacacommunis
A iliaca externa
A iliaca interna
A, tibialisposterior
A tibialisanterior
A fibularis
A dorsalispedis
F i g .3 4 O v e r v i e w
o f t h e a r t e r i e so f t h e
s y s t e m i cc i r c u L a t i o n .
x In thefemate:
ovarian
artery,A ovarica
M e t a b o t i cs y s t e m s
E n d o c r i noer o a n s
1 Parsascendens
aortae
2 Bulbusaortae
3 Aa coronariae
4 Arcusaortae
5 lsthmusaortae
6 Truncusbrachiocephalicus
7 A carotiscommunis
sinistra
I A subclaviasinistra
9 A carotiscommunis
dextra
10 A subclaviadextra
11 A. carotisinterna
12
carotisexterna
'13 A
thoracicaaortae
'14 Pars
Parsabdominalis
aortae
15 A. sacralismediana
16 Bifurcatio
aortae
17 A iliacacommunis
18 A iliacainterna
19 A iliacaexterna
F i g . 3 5 a - g A o r t a ,A o r t a ,a n d g r e a t e r
ar t e n e s ;
s c h e m ao f t h e b r a n c h i n gp a t t e r n .
a Aorta,Aorta
b S u b c t a v i aanr t e r y ,A s u b c t a v i a
c ExternaIcarotidartery,A. carotisexterna
d C o e t i a ct r u n k ,T r u n c u sc o e t i a c u s
e S u p e r i o ra n d i n f e r i o rm e s e n t e r i ca r t e r y ,
A a . m e s e n t e r i c aseu o e r i o re t i n f e r i o r
f E x t e r n a L i L i a cr t e r y ,A . i L i a c ae x t e r n a
g I n t e r n a Ii L i a ca r t e r y ,A i t i a c ai n t e r n a
'1 A carotiscommunis
2 A carotisexterna
3 A. carotisinterna
4 A. thyroidea
superior
5 A. pharyngea
ascendens
6 A lingualis
7 A facialis
8 A occipitalis
posterior
9 A auricularis
10 A. temporalis
superficialis
11 A. maxillaris
Truncuscoeliacus
A gastricasinistra
A hepatica
communis
A splenica
1 A mesenterica
supenor
2 A pancreaticoduodenalisinlerior
3 Aa jejunales
4 Aa ileales
5 A. ileocolica
6
7
8
9
10
11
A. iliaca communis
A iliaca interna
A iliaca externa
A epigastricainferior
A circumflexailium profunda
R pubicus
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
laterales
8 Aa sacrales
I A. gluteasuperior
10 A umbilicalis,
Parspatens
inferior
11 A. vesicalis
12 A. rectalismedia
1
2
3
4
5
A subclavia
interna
A thoracica
Truncusthyrocervicalis
Truncuscostocervicalis
A vertebralis
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
A iliacacommunis
A iliacaexterna
A. iliacainterna
A obturatoria
A. pudendainterna
A. gluteainferior
A, iliolumbalis
A colica dextra
A colica media
A. mesentericainferior
A colica sinistra
Aa sigmoideae
A rectalissuperior
> G e n e r aaI n a t o m y
[.-ocomotor
system
Cardiovascularsystem Nervoussystem
Veins
V jugularis
externa
V jugularis
anterior
V jugularis
interna
V brachioceDhalicasinistra
V brachioceohalicadextra
V subclavia
V cavasuperior
V thoracicainterna
V axillaris
V cephalica
W hepaticae
V basilica
Vv brachiales
V testicularis
sinistra'
V portaehepatis
V medianacubiti
V splenica
V testicularis
dextra*
V mesenterlca
inferior
V iliacacommunis
V mesenterica
superior
V iliaca interna
V cavainlerior
V iliaca externa
V saphenamagna
V saphenaparva
V tibialisanterior
V tibialisposterior
F i g .3 6 O v e r v i e w
o f t h e v e i n so f t h e s y s t e m i c
c i rcuLation
S u p e r f i c i avIe i n sa r e i t I u s t r a t e d
on
t h e r i g h t [ e ga n d d e e pv e i n so n t h e l e f t .
* In thefema[e:
ovarian
vein.V.ovarica
Me t a b o t iscy s t e m s
E n d o c r i noer g a n s
1
2
3
4
5
V cavasuperior
V brachiocephalica
dextra
V brachiocephalica
sinistra
V jugularisinterna
V subclavia
6
7
8
9
V azygos
posteriores
Vv. intercostales
V hemiazygos
accessoria
V hemiazygos
F i g . 3 7 S u p e r i o rv e n ac a v a V
, . c a v as u p e r i o r ;
s c h e m ao f t h e t r i b u t a r i e s
(Sinus valvulae)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
V cavainferior
V.sacralismediana
V iliacacommunis
V iliacainterna
V iliacaexterna
V phrenicainferior
W hepaticae
8 V renalis
9 V testicularis/ovarica
10 V suprarenalis
posteriores
11
intercostales
.12W
V lumbalis
ascendens
13 W lumbales
14 V iliolumbalis
Fig, 38 Inferiorvena cava,V. cavainferior;
s c h e m ao f t h e t r i b u t a r i e s .
(Sinus valvulae)
Valvulae venosae
1 R sinister
F i g . 3 9 F u n c t i o n apI r i n c i p l .oef v e n o u sv a t v e s .
T h ea r r o w sp o i n t i n gu p w a r d si n d i c a t et h e f l o w
of blood.The vatvesctoseuoon backftowof the
b [ o o dI a r r o w sp o i n t i n gd o w n w a r d s )
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
B. dexter
V portaehepatis
V gastricadextra
V gastroomentalis
dextra
V colicadextra
V mesenterica
superior
Vv.jeiunales
et ilei
9 V rectalissuperior
10 Vv sigmoideae
11 V colicasinistra
12 V colicamedia
13 V gastroomentalis
sinistra
14 V mesenterica
inferior
15 V splenica
16 V gastricasinistra
F i g . 4 0 H e p a t i cp o r t a Iv e i n ,V . p o r t a eh e p a t i s .
> G e n e r aaI n a t o m y
l"-*cwm"r
mtmn $y,$ts$T\
Foetalcirculation
Aa pulmonales
Arcus aortae
Truncusbrachiocephalicus
V cavasuperior
Foramen ovale *
Atriumcordisdextrum
Ventriculus
cordissinister
Septuminterventriculare
V cava inferior
Ventriculus
cordisdexter
Vv hepaticae
Pars thoracica aortae [Aorta thoracica]
.'/
Truncuscoeliacus
I
I
I
A mesenterica
superior
Vesica biliaris
Aa renales
V umbilicalis
Aa lumbales
V cava inlerior
Pars abdominalisaortae [Aorta abdominalis]
V i l i a c ac o m m u n i s
A mesentericainferior
V umbilicalis
Aa umbrlrcales
Bifurcatioaodae
A i l i a c ac o m m u n i s
A iliaca externa
A iliaca interna
Aa umbrlrcales
Placenta
F i g .1 1 S c h e m ao f f o e t a Ic i r c u L a t i o n
T h e d i f f e r e n ct o L o u r si n d i c a t et h e o x v q e nc o n t e n ti n t h e b L o o d :
red= richin oxygen,
b L u e= p o o r i n o x y g e n ,
o u r o L e= m i x e db L o o d .
A r r o w si n d i c a t et h e d i r e c t i o no f t h e b t o o df L o w
* Short-circu
b iet t w e etnh er i g h ta n dt h el e f ta t r i u m
** Short-circu
b iet t w e etnh ep u t m o n a tr ryu n ka n dt h ea r c ho f a o r t a
* * * S h o r t - c i r c bu ei tt w e etnh eu m b i [ i c a
ve
I i na n dt h ei n f e r i ovre n ac a v a
Vesicaurinaria
C o n v e r s i o nf r o m f o e t a Lt o o o s t n a t a I c i r c u L a t i o n :
+ T h ev a L v e - [ i kceo n n e c t i o bn e t w e e nt h e r i g h ta n d t h e l e f t a t r i u mv i a
t h e f o r a m e no v a t ei s p a s s i v e Lc y[ o s e da t t h e o n s e to f r e s p i r a t o r y
a c t i v i t yi n t h e I u n g s
* * T h e d u c t u sa r t e r i o s u sI a o T A r r o ]o, n t h e o t h e rh a n d ,c t o s e so n t y
d u r i n gt h e f i r s t m o n t h so f L i f ea s i t s [ u m e ng r a d u a L toyb [ i t e r a t ebs y
e o i t h e t i aoLr o t i f e r a t i oann d i n c r e a s e tde n s i o no f t h e w a I L
* * * T h e d u c t u sv e n o s u s{ A R A N T I UoS
b JL i t e r a t easf t e rb i r t ha n d b e c o m e s
theIigamentum
v e n o s u mi n t h e p o r t a Ia r e ao f t h e I i v e r .
Met ab o t iscy s t e ms I
C o n trosyste
l
ms
I Skin
E n d o c r i noer g a n s
Lymphatic
Truncusjugularis
V jugularis
interna
Ductuslymphaticus
dexter
(Angulus
venosus)
V subclavia
Nodi lymphoideicervicales
Truncusbronchomediastinalis
Truncussubclavius
Ductusthoracicus
Nodi lymphoideiaxillares
Parsabdominalis
chyli
Cisterna
Trunciintestinales
Truncilumbales
Nodi lymphoideipelvis
parietales et viscerales
Nodi lymphoideiinguinales
Vasa lymphatica
Fig. 1,2 Overviewof the
L y m p h a t iscy s t e m .
Nodi lymphoidei
cervicales laterales
Nodi lymphoidei
axillares
Nodi lymphoidei
axillares
F i g . 4 3a , b D r a i n a g ea r e a so f
r e g i o n a l[y m p hn o d e s
T h e d r a i n a g eo f r e g i o n a l y m p hn o d e s
v a r i e sc o n s i d e r a b [bye t w e e ni n d i v i d u a [ s .
T h e yo v e r l a pi n d r a i n i n gt o l y m p hn o d e s
o f t h e i p s i t a t e r aaI s w e t La s o f t h e
c o n t r a [ a t e r asLi d eo f t h e b o d v .
> Generat
anatomy
Systemanervosum
centrale
Surface I Locomotorsystem
Systemanervosum
periphericum
c1
2
Truncuscerebri
J
Plexus
cervicalis
4
5
6
7
Plexus
brachialis
8
T1
Medulla spinalis
3
4
5
o
7
Nn intercostales
I
9
10
11
12
LI
Plexus
lumbalis
4
5
S1
2
3
5
Cc1
Fig, lrl Overviewof the centraIand
peripheraInervoussystem.
Plexus
sacralis
E n d o c r i noer g a n s
Cerebrum
Nn, craniales
Pons
Cerebellum
VI
vil, vill
XI
Medulla oblongata
lvledullaspinalis
I
ll
lll
lV
V
Vl
Vll
Vlll
lX
X
Xl
Xll
Nn. olfactorii
N. opticus
N. oculomotorius
N trochlearis
N. trigeminus
N. abducens
N. tacialis
N. vestibulocochlearis
N. glossopharyngeus
N. vagus
N. accessorius
N. hypoglossus
F i g . 4 5 O v e r v i e wo f t h e b r a i n a n d
the craniaI nerves.
N hypoglossus
[Xlll
N occipitalisminor
Plexuscervicalis
N hypoglossus
[Xll]
N auricularis
magnus
N transversuscolli
Ansacervicalis,
Radixsuperior
Ansacervicalis,
Radixinferior
(R trapezius)
N dorsalisscapulae
N phrenicus
Nn supraclaviculares
Plexusbrachialis
N. suprascapularis
N subscapularis
N subclavius
posterior
Fasciculus
N. axillaris
N thoracodorsalis
Fasciculus
lateralis
N thoracicus
longus
Truncus
supenor
Truncus
meorus
N radialis
Truncus
inferior
Fasciculus
medialis
N. musculocutaneus
N medianus
N .u l n a r i s
N. cutaneus antebrachiimedialis
N. cutaneus brachii medialis
N. intercostobrachialis
N thoracicus
[T2],
N intercostalis
Fig.46 Overviewof the cervical
, t e x u sc e r v i c a t i s
andbrachiap
I lexusP
et brachia[is.
system
Locomotor
CardiovascutarsystemNervoussystem
PeripheraI nervous system
N. subcostalis
R. cutaneuslateralis
N iliohypogastricus
Plexuslumbalis
N ilioinguinalis
Plexus
lumbosacralis
N. femoralis
L5
N obturatorius
Truncuslumbosacralis
N gluteussuperior
S1
Plexussacralis
N. gluteusinferior
N cutaneus
lemorisoosterior
N. pudendus
inferiores
Nn.analesIrectales]
N coccygeus
N anococcygeus
plexus,
of the [umbosacral
Fig,17 Overview
P L e x u[ su m b o s a c r aIl P
. i s[ e x u[su m b a Lei st s a c r a t i s ] ,
a n dt h ec o c c y g e pa lLe x u sP, L e x ucso c c y g e u s .
sensorium
Ganglion
nervispinalis
Truncusnervi
spinalis
trunci
Ganglion
sympathici
N splanchnicus
maJor
Nn. spinales
R. cutaneus
anterior
Nn. ceruicales
Nn thoracici
Nn. lumbales
Nn. sacrales
N coccygeus
F i g . 4 8 S c h e m ao f s p i n a ln e r v e s
e x e m o t i fe d b v t w o t h o r a c i cn e r v e s .
Metabotic
systems I
Controtsystems
I St<in
Endocrine
organs
N. oculomotorius
ull
Ganglion ceruicale
supenus
Medulla oblongata
N facialis [Vll]
N glossopharyngeus
lxl
N vagus[X]
N cardiacus
ceruicalis
superior
A. carotiscommunis
Ganglion
cervicale
medium
N. cardiacus
cervicalis
medius
Ganglion
ceruicothoracicum
lstellatuml
Ansa subclavia
N cardiacus
ceruicalis
inferior
A subclavia
N laryngeusrecurrensdexter
Arcusaortae;Plexuscardiacus
Parsascendensaortae
Truncussympathicus;
Gangliathoracica
N splanchnicus
major
Parsthoracicaaortae
Truncusvagalisanterior
Rr.communicantes
Truncusvagalisposterior
Plexusoesophageus
N splanchnicus
minor
Truncuscoeliacus;
Plexuscoeliacus
Gangliacoeliaca
A. renalis;Plexusrenalis
Truncussvmpathicus:
Gan6tialumbalia
A mesenterica
superior;
Plexusmesentericus
suoerior
Nn splanchnicilumbales
Parsabdominalis
aortae;
Plexusaorticusabdominalis
A. mesentericainferior;
Plexusmesentericus
inferior
Plexushypogastricus
superior
Parscranialis
Pars pelvica
A iliaca communis
N hypogastricus
Nn splanchnici
sacrates
Radix parasympathica
INn splanchnicipelvicil
Plexushypogastricus
inferior
Ganglia pelvica
Ganglionimpar
F i g .1 9 S y m p a t h e t i pc a r t o f t h e a u t o n o m o u s
n e r v o u ss y s t e m ,P a r ss y m p a t h i c a
T h e e n t i r es y s t e mo f s y m p a t h e t i A
c a n g L iaan d t h e i r
c o n n e c t i o nlso c a t e da t o n gt h e v e r t e b r a cl o t u m na r e r e f e r r e d
t o a s s y m p a t h e t i tcr u n k ,T r u n c u ss y m p a t h i c u Isg r e e n l .
F i g .5 0 P a r a s y m p a t h e tpi ca r t o f t h e a u t o n o m o u s
nervoussystem,Pars parasympathica
P a r a s y m p a t h e tfiicb r e sl v i o L e tul s u a l . ttyr a v e Ia [ o n gw i t h o t h e r
n e r v ef i b r e s .
system
Surface I Locomotor
> Generalanatomy
systern Nervoussystem
Cardiovascutar
Autonomous nervous svstem
Parsparasympathica
Parssympathica
N. oculomotorius
illll
N. facialis[Vll]
N. glossopharyngeus
flXl
N vagus[X]
Truncussympathicus
Ganglion coeliacum
mesentericum
Ganglion
superlus
mesentericum
Ganglion
inferius
Nn. splanchnicipelvici
F i g , 5 1 P e r i p h e r apl a r t so f t h e a u t o n o m o u s
nervoussystem
S y m p a t h e t ifci b r e so f t h e [ i m b st r a v e L
a l o n gw i t h a r t e r i e s .
Metabolic
systems I
Control.
systems
I St<in
E n d o c r i noer g a n s
Autonomous nervous svstem
Parssympathica
Parsparasympathica
N oculomotorius
illll
N tacialis[Vll]
N. glossopharyngeus
ilXl
N vagus[X]
Truncus
sympathicus
Nn splanchnici
pelvici
Fig. 52 Overviewof the functionsof the
a u t o n o m o u sn e r v o u ss y s t e m .
system
Surface I Locomotor
Cardiovascutarsystem Nervoussystem
Hypothalamus
pinealis
Glandula
loorpuspinealel
- HypophysislGlandulapituitarial
Glandulae
parathyroideae
superioret inferior
thyroidea
Glandula
Thymus
Glandula
suprarenalis
Insulaepancreaticae
Ren
Ovarium
lntestinum
F i g .5 3
E n d o c r i n eo r g a n so f t h e m a t e .
F i g .5 4
E n d o c r i n eo r g a n so f t h e f e m a t e .
Metabolic
systems I
Controlsystems
I SKn
Endocrineorgans
Skinand fingernails
Stratumcorneum
(strictusensu)
Stratum
corneum
Stratumlucidum
Stratumgranulosum
(Plexusvasalisdermalis)
Stratumspinosum
Stratumbasale
Corium
lDermisl
Stratumpapillare
Stratumreticulare
(Plexus vasalis
subdermalis)
Vasalymphatica
superficialia
Subcutis
Nn cutanei
(Plexusvasalis
subcutaneus)
Fascia
(Plexusvasalis
epifascialis)
Musculus
Vaslymphaticum
profundum
(A ; V subfascialis)
(A.;V. intraseptalis)
F i g . 5 5 S e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e s k i n ;
a p p r o x i m a t e L1y1 - f o t dm a g n i ifc a t i o n
Margoliber
Hyponychium
Corpusunguis
Matrixunguis
*
Eponychium
Vallumunguis
F i g .5 6 D i s t a Ip h a t a n xo f a d i g i t
withfingernait.
* T h ee p i d e r m o
i sf t h en a i Ii s a l s o
knownas cuticte.
Corpusunguis
F i g .5 7 D i s t a Ip h a t a n xo f a d i g i t ;
t h e n a i I h a s b e e np a r t t yr e m o v e d .
Eponychium
Aponeurosis
dorsalis
Articulatiointerphalangea
distalis
Capsulaarticularis
Fig. 58
DistaIpha[anxof a digit,
P h a [ a n xd i s t a l . i s ;
^^^;++^l -^^+;^^
JOgrrtoL >trLUUt t.
Surface lSketetonl Musctes
>Head
Regio orbitalis
Regio inlraorbitalis
Regio zygomatica
Regio oralis
Regio buccalis
Trigonum
iigonumsubmentale
Trigonum
?igonumsubmandibulare
)
I l-"-9i9-,,-
rrisonum
caroticum
I
ffii:',"#"
/Trigonummusculare
lomotracheale],
Regio sternocleidomastoidea
minor
Fossasuoraclavicularis
Trigonum
omoclavrculare
F i g .5 9 R e g i o n so f t h e h e a da n d t h e n e c k ,
R e g i o n e cs a p i t i se t c o t l i .
Regioparietalis
Regio temporalis
Regio frontalis
Regio orbitalis
Regionasalis
Regio
Regioinfraorbitalis
Regiooralis
Regiobuccalis
Regio mentalis
/
submandibulare
f Trigonum
Regio sternocleidomastoidea
...1
t"#i!i';?
caroticum
""n'"
] rrisonum
I rr'nonrr musculare
lomotracheale]
Regiocervicalisposterior
) Regio ..
I cervrcails
Trigonum
omoctavrcutare J lateralis
minor
Fossasuoraclavicularis
Regio deltoidea
F i g . 5 0 R e g i o n so f t h e h e a da n d t h e n e c k ,
R e g i o n e cs a p i t i se t c o [ [ i .
Topography
Arcuszygomaticus
Aperturapiriformis
, ranium.
F i g .6 1 S k u L [C
Surface lSketetonl Muscles
of theskull
Os trontale,
Squamalrontalis
Suturainternasalis
Os nasale
Maxilla, Proc frontalis
Suturafrontonasalis
Suturaf rontolacrimalis
Suturafrontomaxillaris
Suturasphenofrontalis
Margosupraorbitalis
Foramensupraorbitale
Suturacoronalis
Os parietale
Os parietale,
Angulussphenoidalis
Sutura
sphenoparietalis
Os sphenoidale,
Ala major
Os sphenoidale,
Ala major,
Faciesorbitalis
Os frontale,
Parsorbitalis
Os frontale,
Proc zygomaticus
Os temporale
Fissura
Suturafrontozygomatica
orbitalissuperior
Os sphenoidale,
Ala minor
Os lacrlmale
Os sphenoidale,
Ala major
Sutura
sphenozygomatica
Os zygomaticum
Fissuraorbitalisinferior
Suturanasomaxillaris
Margo infraorbitalis
Foramen infraorbitale
Suturazygomaticomaxillaris
Concha nasalis media
. f Os ethmoidale
seprumnasr]
osseumI
\
vomer
Concha nasalis inferior
Maxilla, Proc alveolaris
Ramus mandibulae
Spina nasalis anterior
Sutura intermaxillaris
Foramenmentale
Corpusmandibulae
Os frontale
X
f,, ii
Os temporale
Vomer
Os nasale
Concha nasalis inferior
Os ethmoidale
Maxilla
Mandibula
Os parietale
os zygomaticum
Os lacrimale
Os sphenoidale
F i g . 6 2 B o n e so f t h e s k u [ t ,0 s s a c r a n i i .
Bonesof theskull
Os parietale
Suturasquamosa
Suturacoronalis
superior
Lineatemporalis
inferior
Lineatemooralis
Tuberparietale
Linea temporalis
Sutura
sphenozygomatica
Sutura
squamosa
Sutura
frontozygomatica
US
Sutura
parietomastoidea
Sutura
frontolacrimalis
Os lacrimale
Sutura
lambdoidea
Sutura
lacflmo-
maxillaris
Os nasale
Sutura
nasomaxillaris
Spina
nasalrs
anterior
Suturaoccioitomastoidea
Sutura
zygomaticomaxillaris
Porusacusticusexternus
Condylus
occipitalis
Proc styloideus
Sutura
temporozygomatica
Protuberantia
mentalis
Foramenmentale
Os frontale
Os parietale
I
I
Os occipitale
Os nasale
X
,,
|:
Os lacrimale
Os temporale
Os zygomaticum
Maxilla
Os sphenoidale
Mandibula
Os ethmoidale
F i g . 5 3 B o n e so f t h e s k u L tO
, s s ac r a n i i .
> Head
M us c tes
Bonesof theskull
Tuberfrontale
Sutura coronalis
Llnea
temporalis
supenor
Lrnea
temporalis
interior
Tuber
parietale
Suturasagittalis
Foramen parietale
Sutura lambdoidea
Os nasale
Os parietale
Os frontale
Os occipitale
F i g . 6 1 B o n e so f t h e s k u L LO, s s ac r a n i i ;
s u p e n o rv r e w .
To pogr a p h y
Bonesof theskull
Suturasagittalis
Foramenparietale
(Osinterparietale;
Os Incae)
Sutura lambdoidea
(Suturaoccipitalis
transversa,Var.)
Ossasuturalia
Sutura
squamosa
Sutura
parietomastoidea
Sutura
occipitomastoidea
Foramen
mastoideum
Incisuramastoidea
Proc,styloideus
Protuberantia
externa
occipitalis
Linea nuchalisinferior
Linea nuchalissuDerior
I
osparietate
Os temporale
F i g .6 5 B o n e so f t h e s k u I t ,0 s s a c r a n i i ;
o o s t e r i o vr i e w .
Os occipitale
> Head
t t
uatu,
Bonesof theskull
Foramenparietale
Sulciarteriosi
Suturacoronalis
Os temporale,
Pars squamosa
Dorsumsellae
Sella turcica
Lamina et
Foraminacribrosa
Sinuslrontalis
Eminentia
arcuata
Foramen
caecum
Crista galli
Osnasale---1p.............
Os
ethmoidale,
Lamtna
perpendicularis
Sinus
sphenoidalis
Squama
occipitalis
Protuberantia
occipitalis
externa
Sulcussinustransversi
Canalis
Inctstvus
Sulcussinussigmoidei
Proc
palatinus,
Crista
nasalrs
Foramen mastoideum
Poruset Meatusacusticus
internus
Canalis nervi hypoglossi
Proc styloideus
Os palatinum
Hamuluspterygoideus
Proc pterygoideus,Lamina medialis
Proc pterygoideus,Lamina lateralis
Proc pterygoideus,
Fossapterygoidea
Os frontale
Os sphenoidale
Os parietale
Os temporale
Os occipitale
l\ilaxilla
Os nasale
Vomer
Os ethmoidale
Os palatinum
F i g . 6 5 B o n e so f t h e s k u l t ,0 s s ac r a n i i ;
mediatview.
Topogr a p h y
Bonesof theskull
cristafrontalis
Sulcussinussagittalis
superioris
Foveolaegranulares
Suturacoronalis
Sulcussinussagittalis
supenons
Os occipitale
Suturalambdoidea
Os frontale
osparietate
I
Fig. 67
i^+^-^^l
il ttct I tdt
Calvaria,CaLvaria;
^-^^^+
d>PcL(.
Os occipitale
Head
Musc[es
Bonesof theskull
Cristafrontalis
Sulcussinussagittalis
superioris
Foramen caecum
Ala cristae galli
Tuberculum
sellae
Crista galli
Lamina et Foraminacribrosa
gyrorum
rmpressrones
Os sphenoidale,
Corpus
Dorsum sellae
Proc clinoideusposterior
Canalis opticus
Fissuraorbitalissuperior
Suturasphenof
rontalis
I
Os sphenoidale,Ala minor
Fossa hypophysialis
Foramenrotundum
Proc clinoideusanterior
Sulcuscaroticus
Lingulasphenoidalis
Sutura
Foramenlacerum
spnenosquamosa
Sulcus
arteriosus
Foramen ovale
Fissura
petrooccipitalis
Foramen
sprnosum
Spinaossis
sphenoidalis
Sulcusinus
petrosi
inferioris
Os temporale,
Pars
squamosa
Fissura
perrosquamosa
Sulcusnervi
petrosiminoris
Porus
acusticus
Internus
Sulcusnervi
petrosimajoris
Margosuperior
partis
pelrosae
Margosuperior
partispetrosae
Foramen
lugurare
Os temporale,
Pars petrosa
Sulcussinus
sigmoidei
Sulcusinus
petrosisuperioris
Canalis condylaris
Foramen mastoideum
Sutura
occipitomastoidea
Fossasubarcuata
Canalis nervi hypoglossi
Foramen jugulare
Clivus
Canalis nervi hypoglossi
Sulcussinustransversi
Protuberantia
interna
occioitalis
Foramenmagnum
(Cristaoccipitalisinterna)
Sulcussinussagittalis
superioris
Os frontale
Os ethmoidale
Os temporale
Os parietale
Os sphenoidale
Os occipitale
F i g . 5 8 I n t e r n a sL u r f a c eo f t h e b a s eo f t h e s k u L t ,
B a s i sc r a n i i n t e r n a .
To p o g r a p h y
Bonesof theskull
Laminacribrosa
,)..-'.
Canalisopticus
Fissuraorbitalis
supenor
Fossa cranii
anterior
Foramenrotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramenlacerum;
Fissura
spnenoperrosa
Fossacranii
media
Foramen
sprnosum
Canaliscaroticus,
Aperturainterna
Porusacusticus
internus
jugulare
Foramen
Canalisnervi
hypoglossi
Fossa cranii
posterior
Foramen magnum
F i g . 6 9 I n t e r n a sI u r f a c eo f t h e b a s eo f t h e s k u [ t ,
B a s i sc r a n i ii n t e r n a a
, n df o r a m i n a F
, oramina
> Head
3w
M us c l es
Bonesof theskull
Foramenincisivum
Spinanasalisposterior
Sutura palatinamediana
Vomer,Alaevomeris
Maxilla, Proc palatinus
Os palatinum,
Proc pyramidalis
transversa
Suturaoalatina
Maxilla, Proc zygomaticus
Os oalatinum.Lamina horizontalis
Proc pterygoideus,
Lamina
medialis
majus
Foramenpalatinum
Hamuluspterygoideus
Fissuraorbitalisinferior
Proc pterygoideus,
Laminalateralis
Arcuszygomalicus
Os sphenoidale,
Ala major
Crista
infratemporalis
Proc pterygoideus,
Laminamedialis
Os temporale,
Proc
zygomaticus
Foramen
ovale
Tuberculum
pnaryngeum
Foramen
lacerum
Foramen
sprnosum
Tuberculum
articulare
Fossa
mandibularis
Canalis
caroticus
Spina ossis
sphenoidalis
Canaliculus
mastoideus
Proc
slyloideus
Foramen
stylomastoideum
lvleatus
acusticus
exlernus
Fossa
jugularis
Proc
mastoideus
Inctsura
mastoidea
Foramen
lugurare
Canalis nervi
hypoglossi
Os parietale
Foramen
mastoideum
Fossula
petrosa
Condylus
occipitalis
Foramenmagnum
Canalis condylaris
Linea nuchalissuperior
Linea nuchalis inferior
Protuberantiaoccioitalisexterna
Maxilla
Os frontale
Os parietale
I
ffi
Os palatinum
Os sphenoidale
Vomer
Os temporale
Os zygomaticum
Os occipitale
F i g .7 0 E x t e r n a sLu r f a c eo f t h e b a s eo f t h e s k u [ 1 ,
B a s i sc r a n i ie x t e r n a
T o p o g r a p h y|
O rg a na re a s I S e cti o ns
Bonesof theskull
Foramina incisiva
Palatumdurum
Foramen palatinummajus
Foramina palatina
mtnora
Fissura orbitalis
inferior
Arcuszygomaticus
Fossa
infratemporalis
Foramen
ovate
Choana
Foramen
sptnosum
Foramen lacerum;
Fissura
sphenopetrosa
Porusacusticus
externus
Canalis caroticus,
Apertura externa
Foramen
stylomastoideum
Foramen jugulare
Canalis nerui hypoglossi
Foramen magnum
F i g . 7 1 E x t e r n a sLu r f a c eo f t h e b a s eo f t h e s k u [ 1 ,
B a s i sc r a n i ie x t e r n aa, n d f o r a m i n a F
, oramina.
> Head
Surface lSkel.etonl Muscles
SkulL,radiography
Sutura lambdoidea
Suturasagittalis
Cellulaeethmoidales
Sinus frontales
Crista galli
lvlargo supraorbitalis
Meatusnasimedius
Fissuraorbitalissuperior
Parspetrosa
Os temporale,
Meatus nasi superior
Septum nasi
l\4eatusacusticusexternus
Concha nasalis media
Cellulaemastoideae
Sinus maxillaris
Concha nasalis inferior
Proc mastoideus
Spina nasalis anterior
Ramusmandibulae
Palatum durum
Axis, Dens
l\4eatus
nasiinferior
Densincisivus
Cavitas nasi
Corpusmandibulae
, ranium;
F i g . 7 2 S k u L tC
A P - t e t e r aido gr ap h .
* I n n o m i n aItien e L, i n e ai n n o m i n a taap, r o j e c t i oLni n e
withoutanatomicaI
corre[ate
't'r:nr:qr*p:hy
|
ilr13arrili'ejl", |
.*rtinns
Skull,radiography
Lamrna
externa
Diplod
Lamina
interna
Proc
c lin o i d e u s
anterior
Sutura
coronalis
Proc
clinoideus
posterior
Fossa
hypophysialis
Os frontale,
Pars orbitalis
Sutura
lambdoidea
Fossa
mandibularis
Sinus
frontalis
Cellulae
ethmoidales
Os nasale
Cellulae
mastoideae
Sinus
sphenoidalis
lvleatus
acusticus
externus
Sinus
maxillaris
Caput
mandibulae
Palatum
durum
Atlas, Arcus
anterior
Atlas,
Tuberculum
posterius
Axis, Dens
Proc
sprnosus
vertebrae
ceruicalisll
mandibulae
Cartilagoepiglottica
\
\ os hyotderm,
Corpus
F i g . 7 3 S k u [ 1C, r a n i u m ;
[ a t e r aLt e L e r a d i or g
ap h
* Posterio
wra [ [o f t h em a x i L t asriyn u s
Ramus mandibulae
> Head
Surface lSkeletonl
Skull,development
Fonticulus
anterior
Os parietale
Suturacoronalis
(Suturafrontalis)
Os frontale,Tuberfrontale
Maxilla, Proc frontalis
Foramensupraorbitale
Os nasale
Os temporale
Ala major
Os sphenoidale,
Septumnasiosseum
Forameninfraorbitale
Os zygomaticum
Densdeciduus
Mandibula
Foramen mentale
(Symphysis mandibulae)
F i g . 7 t , S k u [ t ,C r a n i u m o
, f a neonate.
Os lacrimale
Os occipitale
Os ethmoidale
Os frontale
Maxilla,Os incisivum
Os sphenoidale
Os parietale
Os zygomaticum
Mandibula
Os nasale,Os temporale,
Fonticulus
anterior
Suturacoronalis
Os frontale, Tuber frontale
Tuberparietale
Os parietale,
Fonticulus
sphenoidalis
Os sphenoidale,Ala major
posterior
Fonticulus
Os zygomaticum
Squamaoccipitalis
Apedurapiriformis
Sutura
lambdoidea
Mandibula
Fonticulus
mastoideus
Anulustympanicus
Parspetrosa
Os temporale,
Os occioitale.Parslateralis
, f a neonate.
F i g .7 5 S k u t t ,C r a n i u m o
Muscles
Suturafrontalis
Os frontale.Squamafrontalis
Suturacoronalis
Fonticulus
anterior
Os parietale,Tuberparietale
posterior
Fonticulus
Suturasagittalis
Suturalambdoidea
Os occipitale,Squamaoccipitalis
F i g . 7 6 S k u [ t ,C r a n i u m o
, f a neonate.
I
I
Vomer
Os occipitale,Os palatinum
Maxilla,
Os incisivum
Os frontale
Os temporale
Os zygomaticum
Os parietale
Mandibula
Ossphenoidale
W
Fonticulusposterior
Os occipitale,Squama occipitalis
Os parietale
(Suturaoccipitalis
transversa,Var.)
Fonticulus
mastoideus
Os temporale,Parspetrosa
Os occioitale. Pars lateralis
Os temporale,
Parssquamosa
Foramenmagnum
Parstympanica,
Anulustympanicus
Os temporale,Parspetrosa
Os sphenoidale,
Proc.pterygoideus
Vomer
Os oalatinum.
Laminahorizontalis
Maxilla.Proc. Dalatinus
(Osincisivum)
Mandibula
F i g . 7 7 S k u [ t ,C r a n i u m o
, f a neonate.
M us c tes
Frontaland ethmoidalbone
Faciesexterna
Souamafrontalis.
Tuberfrontale
Margo parietalis
Arcussuperciliaris
lncisurafrontalis
Parsnasalis
Fig.78
Spinanasalis
FrontaLbone,Os fronta[e.
Souamafrontalis
Os frontale.
lncisurasuoraorbitalis
Laminaet Foramina
cribrosa
Margosupraorbitalis
Fossaglandulae
lacrimalis
Labvrinthus
ethmoidalis
Proc zygomaticus
Margosupraorbitalis
Laminaperpendicularis
Laminaet Foramina
cribrosa
Os lrontale
X
osethmoidate
F i g . 7 9 F r o n t a lb o n e ,0 s f r o n t a [ ee; t h m o i d a bI o n e ,
0 s e t h m o i d a t ea, n d n a s a lb o n e s ,O s s an a s a t i a .
T o p o g r a p h y|
O rg a na re a s I S e cti o ns
Maxillaandpalatinebone
Proc frontalis,
Cristalacrimalis
anterior
Margo lacrimalis
Incisura
lacrimalis
lvlargoinfraorbitalis
Forameninfraorbitale
Facies orbitalis
(Cristazygomaticoalveolaris)
Sulcus infraorbitalis
Fossacanina
Facies infratemporalis
lncisuranasalis
Foramina alveolaria
Soinanasalisanterior
Proc zygomaticus
Juga alveolaria
Tuber maxillae
Proc alveolaris
F i g .8 0
MaxiLLM
a ,a x i l . t a .
Margo lacrimalis
Cristaethmoidalis
Maxilla,Proc frontalis
Sulcuslacrimalis
Cristaconchalis
Maxilla, Facies nasalis
Spina nasalis anletiot -.1
Crista conchalis
Spinanasalisposterior
Maxilla.Proc. oalatinus
Suturapalatinatransversa
Maxilla
Os palatinum
F i g .8 1 M a x i t [ aM
, a x i l . t aa,n d p a t a t i n eb o n e ,
0s patatinum.
Surface lSketetonl Musctes
Laminaet Foramina
cribrosa
Squamafrontalis,
Faciesinterna
Cristasphenoidalis
Sinus sphenoidalis
Sinus
frontalis
Fossahypophysialis
Dorsumsellae
Sutura
frontonasalis
Os
nasale
Os sphenoidale,
Corpus
Os ethmoidale,
Laminaperpendicularis
Alavomeris
Septum
nastosseum
Proc.pterygoideus,
Laminamedialis
Maxilla,
Proc frontalis
Proc.pterygoideus,
Laminalateralis
Os lacrimale
Spinanasalisposterior
Hamuluspterygoideus
Os palatinum,
Laminahorizontalis
Maxilla,
Proc. palatinus
Maxilla
Os palatinum
Os frontale
Os ethmoidale
Os nasale
I
Os sphenoidale
F i g . 8 2 B o n yn a s asI e p t u m ,
S e o t u mn a s o
i sseum.
Vomer
Os lacrimale
Laminaet Foramina
cribrosa
Conchanasalissuperior
Crista galli
Sinussphenoidalis
Foramen
sohenoDalatinum
Os nasale
Corpus
Os sphenoidale,
Hiatusmaxillaris
Concha nasalis media
Clivus
Os occipitale
Conchanasalisinferior
Os palatinum,
Laminaperpendicularis
Proc.pterygoideus,
Laminamedialis
Spina nasalis anterior
Canalis incisivus
Hamuluspterygoideus
Laminahorizontalis
Os Dalatinum.
Maxilla,
Proc palatinus
Fig. 83 Lateralwat[ of the nasaIcavity,
C a v i t a sn a s i .
Os parietale
Concha nasalis inferior
Maxilla
Os sphenoidale
Os frontale
Os occipitale
Os nasale
Os palatinum
X
Os ethmoidale
Os lacrimale
Sinusfrontalis
Apertura
*
sinuslrontalis
Aperturasinussphenoidalis
Concha nasalis
supenor
Sinussphenoidalis
Os nasale
Foramen
sphenopalatinum
Os
lacrimale
Proc.uncinatus
Os palatinum,
Cristaethmoidalis
Hiatus
maxillaris
Conchanasalisinferior,
Proc ethmoidalis
Spina
nasalis
anterior
Canalis
tnctstvus
Spinanasalisposterior
Fig. 84 Lateralwa[[ of the nasalcavity,
C a v i t a sn a s i ;
t h e m i d d t en a s a Ic o n c h ah a s b e e n
removed.
' Probelocated
in thepassage
fromthefrontal
n a s am
L eatus
s i n u st o t h em i d d [ e
> Head
M us c tes
Hardpalate
Sinusmaxillaris
, a t a t u md u r u m ; m a x i l t a r ys i n u s ,
F i g .8 5 H a r dp a [ a t e P
S i n u sm a x i [ L a r i sa,n d i n f e r i o rn a s a Ic o n c h a C
, oncha
n a s a L i isn f e r i o r .
lvlaxilla
Os sphenoidale
Os palatinum
Concha nasalis lnlerior
Laminahorizontalis
Os oalatinum.
Maxilla,Proc zygomaticus
(Suturaincisiva)
(Osincisivum)
Foramenincisivum
F i g .8 6
Suturaoalatinamediana
, a t a t u md u r u m .
H a r dp a [ a t e P
To p o g r a p h y
fossa
0rbit andpterygopalatine
Proc orbitalis
Os palatinum,
Fissuraorbitalisinlerior
Os sphenoidale,Ala major
1.-
Os zygomaticum
Fossa
saccilacrimalis
F i 9 .8 7
B a s eo f t h e o r b i t ,0 r b i t a
oszygomaticum
I
Os temporale
Maxilla
I
Os lacrimale
Os palatinum
Os ethmoidale
Os sphenoidale
Os frontale
Arcuszygomaticus
infratemporalis
Foramen
zygomaticofaciale
Foramenovale
Foramen
spinosum
Ala major,
Spinaossissphenoidalis
Proc pterygoideus
(Crista
zygomaticoalveolaris)
Os palatinum,
Laminaperpendicularis,
Fossapterygopalatina
Proc.pyramidalis
Os palatinum,
Foraminaalveolaria
Fig. 88
Os sphenoidale,
Proc pterygoideus,
Hamuluspterygoideus
Pterygopatatine
fossa,Fossapterygopalatina.
> Head
M us c l es
0rbit
Foraminaethmoidalia
anterius et poslerius
Canalisopticus
Incisura
lrontalis
Fissura
orbitalis
superior
Os ethmoidale,
Lamina orbitalis
(Sutura
zygomaticofrontalis)
Suturalrontomaxillaris
Alaminor
)
I
l Os sphenoidale
- Ala major,
I
Faciesorbitalis./
Os nasale
Cristalacrimalis
anterior
Os zygomaticum,
Faciesorbitalis
posterior
Cristalacrimalis
Foramen
zygomaticolaciale
Fissura orbitalisinlerior
Os palatinum,
Proc orbitalis
Sulcusinlraorbitalis
Foramen infraorbitale: Canalis inlraorbitalis
Suturazygomaticomaxillaris
Fig.89 0rbit,0rbita;
orobelocatedin the infra-orbitaI
c a n a tC
. a n a L i sn fr a o r b i t a [ r s
I
Os nasale
m
Os frontale
Os palatinum
Vomer
Os temporale
Os zygomaticum
Concha nasalis inferior
Maxilla
Os sphenoidale
Os ethmoidale
Os lacrimale
Cellulaeethmoidales
Sinusfrontalis
Crista galli
Os ethmoidale,Lamina perpendicularis
Os frontale,Parsorbitalis
Fissuraorbitalis
supenor
Os temporale,
Parssquamosa
Ala minor
Ala malor,
Faciesorbitalis
Fissuraorbitalis
inferior
Os zygomaticum
Os palatinum
Sinus maxillaris
Concha nasalis media
Vomer
Concha nasalis inferior
Maxilla.Proc alveolaris
Dens molaris
Maxilla,Proc palatinus
Cavitasnasi,Meatusnasiinferior
Fig.90 Faciatsketeton,Viscerocranium;
f r o n t a Ls e c t i o n .
T o p o g r a p h y|
0 r g a na re a s I S e cti o n s
Os parietale
Squama
lrontalis,
Facies
interna
Suturasphenofrontalis
Parssquamosa
Os temporale,
Alaminor
Ala major,
)
FaciesorbitalisI
Os sPhenoidale
I
- Corpus
)
Foramina
zygomaticoorbitalia
Sinussphenoidalis
Foramenrotundum
Canalisinfraorbitalis
Canalispterygoideus
Fossapterygopalatina
Sinusmaxillaris
Proc pterygoideus
Hamuluspterygoideus
major
Canalispalatinus
Alveoli dentales
F i g . 9 1 0 r b i t ,0 r b i t a ;
[ateraIwaIt.
I
Os frontale
Os nasale
Maxilla
Os lacrimale
Os palatinum
Os temporale
Os sphenoidale
Os ethmoidale
I
Os zygomaticum
Os frontale
Suturaethmoidolacrimalis
Foramen
ethmoidale
anterius
Laminaorbitalis
Os ethmoidale,
Foramenethmoidaleoosterius
Canalisopticus
Os nasale
Proc.orbitalis
Os oalatinum.
Foramen
sphenopalatinum
Maxilla,
Crista lacrimalisanterior
Fossapterygopalatina
Corpus
Os sphenoidale,
Os lacrimale,
Crista lacrimalis posterior
Sulcusinfraorbitalis
Laminalateralis
Proc.pterygoideus,
Maxilla,Proc.zygomaticus
Hamuluspterygoideus
l\4axilla.Proc alveolaris
F i g . 9 2 O r b i t ,O r b i t a ;
mediaIwatl.
Surface lSkeletonl
Sphenoidalbone
Cristasphenoidalis
Fissuraorbitalis
supenor
Apertura
sinus
sphenoidalis
Ala major,
Faciesorbitalis
Ala major,
Faciestemporalis
Cristainfratemporalis
Concha sphenoidalis
Foramenrotundum
Spina ossis sphenoidalis
Proc pterygoideus,
Laminalateralis
Facies maxillaris
Incisurapterygoidea
Proc pterygoideus,Lamina medialis
Hamuluspterygoideus
F i g . 9 3 S p h e n o i d abto n e 0
, s sphenoida[e;
a n t e r i o rv i e w .
Sulcuscaroticus
Foramen
rotundum
Dorsumsellae
Proc clinoideusposterior
Proc clinoideusanterior
Fissura
orbitalis
superior
lvlargo
parietalis
Ala major,
Facies
cerebralis
Sulcusarteriosus
Lingulasphenoidalis
Sulcustubaeauditivae
Soina ossis sDhenoidalis
Canalispterygoideus
Fossascaphoidea
Corpus
Proc vaginalis
Proc pterygoideus,
Laminalateralis
Roskum sphenoidale
Proc pterygoideus,
Laminamedialis
F i g . 9 4 S p h e n o i d abt o n e ,0 s s p h e n o i d a [ e ;
oosteriorview.
Muscles
Topogr a p h y
Sphenoidal
and occipitalbone
(Proc clinoideusmedius)
Ala major,Margofrontalis
Proc.clinoideusposterior
Sulcusorechiasmaticus
Jugumsphenoidale
Proc clinoideus
anterior
Tuberculumsellae
Canalis
opticus
Ala major,
Margoparietalis
Os sphenoidale,
Ala major
Foramen
rotundum
Fissura
orbitalis
superior
Sella turcica,
Fossa hypophysialis
Ala major,
Margosquamosus
Foramen ovale
Foramenspinosum
Sulcuscaroticus
Lingulasphenoidalis
Proc intrajugularis
jugularis
lncisura
jugulare
Tuberculum
Proc.jugularis
Os occipitale,Parslateralis
Foramenmagnum
Margomastoideus
Sulcussinussigmoidei
Fossa cerebellaris
Sulcussinustransversi
(Cristaoccipitalis
interna)
Margo lambdoideus
Eminentia
cruciformis
Protuberantia
occioitalisinterna
F i g .9 5 0 c c i p i t a b
t o n e ,0 s o c c i p i t a l e ,
a n d s p h e n o i d abI o n e ,0 s s p h e n o i d a [ e .
Temporalbone
Margoparietalis
Parssquamosa,
Faclestemporalis
SulcusarteriaetemDoralis
mediae
Foveola suDrameatica
Cristasupramastoidea
Margo sphenoidalis
parietalis
Incisura
(Spinasuprameatica)
Parspetrosa
Proc zygomaticus
Foramenmastoideum
Margo occipitalis
Fissuratympanomastoidea
lncisura mastoidea
Proc mastoideus
Parstympanica
F i g .9 6 T e m p o r a bI o n e ,0 s t e m p o r a L e .
F i g . 9 7 T e m p o r a bI o n e ,0 s t e m p o r a t eo, f a n e o n a t e .
To p o g r a p h y|
0 r g a na re a s I S e cti o ns
Margoparietalis
Parssouamosa.
Faciescerebralis
Eminentia
arcuata
parietalis
Incisura
Margosuperior
partispetrosae
Sulcusarteriosus
Foramenmastoideum
Margo occipitalis
Sulcussinussigmoidei
Aperturacanaliculi
vestibuli
Apexpartispetrosae
Proc intrajugularis
Porusacusticus
internus
Proc styloideus
F i g .9 8 T e m p o r a bI o n e ,0 s t e m p o r a t e .
Canaliscaroticus
Apexpartis
petrosae
Proc.zygomaticus
Canaliscaroticus
Tuberculum
articulare
Fossulapetrosa
Aoertura canaliculicochleae
Fossamandibularis
Proc intrajugularis
Fissurapetrotympanica
Fossajugularis
Meatusacusticus
externus
Vaginaprocessusstyloidei
Proc styloideus
Foramenstylomastoideum
Proc mastoideus
Incisura
mastoidea
Margo occipitalis
Foramen mastoideum
F i g .9 9 T e m p o r a bl o n e ,O s t e m p o r a [ e
> Head
M us c tes
Mandible
Proc condylaris
Proc coronoideus
Ramus mandibulae
Linea obliqua
Ramus mandibulae
Basis mandibulae
Tuberculum
mentale
Corpusmandibulae
mentalis
Protuberantia
F i g .1 0 0 M a n d i b t eM, a n d i b u t a
Proc coronoideus
Incisuramandibulae
Ramusmandibulae
(Tuberositas
masseterica)
Angulusmandibulae
Corpusmandibulae
F i g .1 0 1 M a n d i b t eM, a n d i b u [ a .
lncisuramandibulae
Proc.----l
coronoideus
!'
Ramusmandibulae
Fovea sublingualis
Foramenmandibulae
Sulcusmylohyoideus
(Tuberositas
pterygoidea)
Angulusmandibulae
Linea mylohyoidea
F i g . 1 0 2 M a n d i b L eM, a n d i b u [ a .
Foveasubmandibularis
T o p o g r a p h y|
0 r g a na re a s I S e cti o n s
Collummandibulae
Foramenmandibulae
(Tuberositas
pterygoidea)
Angulusmandibulae
Arcusalveolaris,:,
Linea mylohyoidea
Foveasubmandibularis
Foveasublingualis
Fossadigastrica
Spinamentalis
F i g . 1 0 3 M a n d i b l . eM, a n d i b u [ a .
Corpusmandibulae
F i g . 1 0 4 M a n d i b L eM, a n d i b u l . o
a f, a n e t d e r t yi n d i v i d u a l . .
Proc.coronoideus
Ramusmandibulae
Proc.condylaris
Corpus
mandibulae
Densdeciduus
(Symphysis
mandibulae)
Foramenmentale
F i g . 1 0 5 M a n d i b t eM
, andibuLa
o ,f a n e o n a t e .
> Head
Surface lSketetonl Musctes
Temporomandibular joint
Proc.zygomaticus
Os temporale,
Capsulaarticularis
Porusacusticus
externus
Proc pterygoideus,
Laminalateralis
Articulatio
temporomandibularis,
Lig laterale
Proc styloideus
Proc. coronoideus
Proc condylaris
Lig stylomandibulare
Angulusmandibulae;
(Tuberositas
masseterica)
F i g . 1 0 6 T e m p o r o m a n d i b u tjaori n t ,
A r t i c u t a t i ot e m o o r o m a n dbiu L a r i s .
Sinussphenoidalis
SDinaossis sohenoidalis
Cavitas nasi, Choana
Lig pterygospinale
Canalis nervi hypoglossi
f Laminalateralis
Proc.pterygoideus
1.
\ Laminamedialis
Proc styloideus
Lig sphenomandibulare
Hamuluspterygoideus
Lig stylomandibulare
Ramus mandibulae
L i n g u l am a n d i b u l a e
Sulcusmylohyoideus
A n g u l um
s andibulae;
(Tuberositas
pterygoidea)
Linea mylohyoidea
F i g . 1 0 7 P t e r y g o s p i n o uasn d s p h e n o m a n d i b u LLairg a m e n t s ,
L i g g .p t e r y g o s p i n a [eet s p h e n o m a n d i b u [ a r e .
Discusarticularis
Caputmandibulae
Porusacusticusexternus
Os zygomaticum
Collummandibulae
Proc.coronoideus
Capsulaarticularis
F i g . 1 0 8 T e m p o r o m a n d i b u tjaori n t ,A r t i c u l a t i ot e m p o r o m a n d i b u [ a r i s ;
s a g i t t a sl .e c t i o n ;
m o u t ha [ m o s tc l o s e d .
Fossamandibularis,
Faciesarticularis
Discusarticularis
Caputmandibulae
Porusacusticusexternus
Os zygomaticum
Collummandibulae
Proc mastoideus
Proc coronoideus
Proc.styloideus
Ramusmandibulae
Capsulaarticularis
F i g . 1 0 9 T e m p o r o m a n d i b u Lj oairn t ,A r t i c u l a t i ot e m p o r o m a n d i b u t a r i s ;
crniiirl
<ontinn.
m o u t ho D e n e d .
Surface lSketetonl Musctes
joint and masticatory
Temporomandibular
muscles
F i g .1 1 0a , b A r t i c u [ adr i s c D
, iscua
s r t i c u t a r ios f,t h e
, r t i c u t a t ti o
emporomandibutaris.
t e m p o r o m a n d i b uj ol .ianrt A
a S u o e r i ovri e w
b LateraIview
Arcuszygomaticus
A b b .1 1 1 M a s t i c a t om
r yu s c t e sM, m .m a s t i c a t o r i i
A r r o w si n d i c a tteh ed i r e c t i oonf m u s c [ e
traction
w h e nc t o s i ntgh e m o u t h .
T o p o g r a p h y|
O rg a na re a s I S e cti o n s
Caputmandibulae
F i g . 1 1 2 T e m p o r o m a n d i b u tjaori n t ,
A r t i c u t a t i ot e m p o r o m a n d i b u L a r i s .
1 Meatus
acusticus
externus
2 Proc.condylaris
3 Discus
articularis
4 Ostemporale,
Fossa
mandibularis
F i g . 1 1 3a , b T e m p o r o m a n d i b u tjaori n t ,A r t i c u t a t i o
temporomandibu[aris;
t o m o g r a p h yl;a t e r a Ip r o j e c t i o n
a f t e r i n j e c t i o no f a c o n t r a s t
m e d i u mi n t ot h e j o i n t c a v i t y[ a r t h r o g r a p h y ) .
a M o u t hc l o s e d
b M o u t ho p e n e d
Tuberculum
articulare
5 Os temporale,
mandibulae
6 Incisura
7 Proc coronoideus
T h e a r t i c u l a rd i s cs h i f t sf o r w a r dd u r i n go p e n i n go f t h e m o u t h .
$unface lSkeletonl Muscles
Head
Masticatory
muscles
Arcus
zygomaticus
F i g .1 1 t , M a s s e t e a
r n d t e m p o r a lm u s c [ e ,
M m . m a s s e t e re t t e m D o r a t r s .
Proc temporalis
Os zygomaticum,
major,Cristainfratemporalis
M pterygoideus
lateralis
Tuberculum
articulare
Proc zygomaticus
Os temporale,
Fossamandibularis,
Faciesadicularis
Discusarticularis
Caputmandibulae
Capsulaarticularis
l\4 pterygoideus
medialis
F i g .115 T e m p o r o m a n d i b ujLoai nr t ,A r t i c u t a t rt oe m p o r o m a n d i b u t a r i s ;
m e d i a La n d L a t e r apI t e r y g o i dm u s c L e s ,
M m . p t e r y g o i d emi e d i a t i se t I a t e r a L r s .
Topogr a p h y|
0 r g a na re a s I S e cti o n s
Masticatory
muscles
N opticus0ll
N trochlearis
lvl
N oculomotorius
illll
N trigeminus
[Vl
N abducens [Vl]
A temporalis,
R frontalls
A. carotisinterna
M temporalis
Fossamandibularis
Capsulaarticularis
Discusarticularis
Caputmandibulae
M pterygoideus
lateralis,
Caputsuperius
l\4 pterygoideus
lateralis
Caputinferius
Lig. sphenomandibulare
Palatummolle
N lingualis
N alveolarisinferior
pterygoideus
medialis
M masseter
pterygoideus
Hamulus
Angulus mandibulae
M mylohyoideus
Os hyoideum,
Cornumajus
M genioglossus
M omohyoideus
Platysma
M geniohyoideus
M thyrohyoideus
l\4 sternohyoideus
F i g , 1 1 6 M a s t i c a t o rm
y u s c t e sM
, m. masticatorii;
f r o n t a Is e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e t e m p o r o m a n d i b u t jaori n t
a n d h o r i z o n t asI e c t i o nt h r o u q ht h e c a t v a r i a :
oosteriorview.
Surface lSketetonl Muscles
Masticatory
muscles
Cellulaeethmoidales
Septumnasi
N. opticusilll *
a M temporalis
V ; 4 , t e m p o r a lai s a
superficialis,
R frontalis
R temporalis
*
(vil)
N infraorbitalis
*
Conchanasalis
media
R. zygomaticus
*
(vil)
Conchanasalis
inferior
Sinusmaxillaris
a M. masseter,
Parsprofunda
a M. masseter,
Parssuperficialis
parotidea
Glandula
accessona
Maxilla
Ductusparotideus
a M. buccinator
A facialisa
Densmolarisll
Lingua
Mandibula
Platysma
Glandula
submandularis
a M. mylohyoideus
Noduslymphoideus
submandibularis
r yu s c l e sM, m .m a s t i c a t o r i i ;
F i g . 1 1 7 M a s t i c a t om
f r o n t asI e c t i o n ;
a n t e r i ovr i e w .
a M digastricus,Venteranterior
To p o g r a p h y|
O r g a na re a s I S e cti o ns
Masticatorymuscles
Cartilagoalarismajor
oculi
a M orbicularis
a M. zygomaticusmajor
O M. temporalis
a M masseter,
Parsprofunda
a M. masseter,
Parssuperficialis
Ramus mandibulae
a M pterygoideus
lateralis,
Caputinlerius
N massetericus
e
N alveolaris&
inlerior
a M pterygoideus
lateralis,
Caputsuperius
N lingualis
,
A alveolaris O
inferior
a M pterygoldeus
medialis
A. maxillaris
a
Glandula
parotidea
N facialis[Vll] {}
Proc styloideus
V maxillaris
a
V jugularis
internaa
A. vertebralis
a
F i g . 1 1 8 M a s t i c a t o rm
y u s c l e sM
, m.masticatorii;
h o r i z o n t asI e c t i o n .
S u r " i . m u *l S
' ke[*'tmnl Muscles
> Head
Facialandmasticatory
muscles
Galea aponeurotica
M procerus
supercilii
M corrugator
M epicranius,
M occipitofrontalis,
Venterfrontalis
Lig palpebralemediale
l\il levatorlabii
superioris
alaeque
nasl
M depressor
supercilii
M, nasalis
M temporoparietalis
M levator
labii superioris
M orbicularis
o c u l iP
, ars
palpebralis
M orbicularis
oculi, Pars
orbitalis
M zygomaticus
mtnor
:
M levator
labii
supeflons
araequenasr
M zygomaticus
malor
l\il depressor
septi nasi
l\4 zygomaticus
mrnor
lvl levator
labiisuperioris
M levator
angulioris
parotidea
Glandula
M zygomaticus
Corpusadiposum
buccae
malor
Ductusparotideus
M levator anguli oris
M orbicularis
oris,
Parsmarginalis
M risorius
Platysma
Platysma
Foramenmentale
l\4 depressor
angulioris
M depressoranguli oris
l\il depressor
labiiinferioris
lvl sternocleidomastoideus
M depressor labii inferioris
Platysma
M mentalis
Fascia ceruicalis.Lamina suDerficialis
l\4 orbicularis
oris,
Parslabialis
F i g . 1 1 9 F a c i a Im u s c t e s M
, m faciei,
v u s c t e sM
, m.masticaiorii
and masticatorm
T opog r a p h y|
Org a na re a s I S e cti o ns
Facialmuscles
M epicranius,
M.temporoparietalis
M. auricularis
anterior
Galeaaponeurotica
M epicranius,M occipitolrontalis,
Venterfrontalis
M. auricularis
supeflor
M orbicularis
oculi,Parspalpebralis
M. depressor
supercilii
M. epicranius,
M occipitofrontalis,
Venter
occipitalis
M procerus
M orbicularis
oculi,
Parsorbitalis
M levator labii
supeflofls
alaeque nasi
M nasalis
M, levator
labii
supenons
M. auricularis
posterior
M semispinalis
capitis
M. zygomaticus
mtnor
M. orbicularis
ons
M. sternocleidomastoideus
M. zygomaticus
maJor
M splenius
capitis
Panniculus
adiposus
M orbicularis
oris
M. trapezius
M depressor
labiiinferioris
M. mentalis
M depressor
angulioris
Fascia cervicalis, Lamina superf icialis
Fasciaparotidea
Fig. 120 Facialmusctes,Mm. faciei
Surface lSketetonl Musctes
muscles
Facialandmasticatorv
Fasciatemporalis,
Laminaprolunda
Arcus
zygomaticus
Galeaaooneurotica
rontalis,
M. epicranius,
lV.occipitof
Venterfrontalis
Pericranium
M corrugator
supercilii
Fasciatemporalis,
Laminasuperficialis
M. orbicularis
f Parspalpebralis;
Parsorbitalis
oculil
M. procerus
M. epicranius,
M. temporoparietalis
M depressor
supercilii
Lig. palpebrale
mediale
M epicranius,
M occipitofrontalis,
Venter
occipitalis
M. levator labii
superiorisalaeque nasi
M levator
labii superioris
Articulatio
temporomandibularis,
Capsula
articularis,
Lig. laterale
M nasalis
Glandula parotidea
M. zygomaticus
mlnor
M levator
angulioris
parotidea
Glandula
accessona
M. orbicularis
ons
Ductusparotideus
M zygomaticus
M buccinator
maJor
M. depressor
labiiinferioris
M sternocleidomastoideus
M masseter
Corpusadiposum
ouccae
M mentalis
M. orbicularis
oris
M. risorius
submandibularis
Glandula
M depressor
angulioris
Laminasuoerlicialis
Fasciacervicalis,
M digastricus,Venteranterior
Fig. 121 Facialmusctes,Mm. faciei,and
masticatorm
v u s c l e s ,M m . m a s t i c a t o r i i .
Facialandmasticatorv
muscles
Pericranium
M, temporalis
Galeaaponeurotica
M. epicranius,
M. occipitofrontalis,
Venterfrontalis
Arcuszygomaticus
M corrugatorsupercilii
Articulatio
temporomandibularis,
Capsulaarticularis,
Lig laterale
M. orbicularis
oculi
M. depressor
supercilii
M. levatorlabiisuperioris
alaequenasi
M. levatorlabiisuDerioris
N. infraorbitalis
M nasalis
M. levator
angulioris
M. epicranius,
M. occipitofronialis,
Venteroccipitalis
Meatus
acusticusexternus
cartilagineus
M. orbicularis
oris
Ductusparotideus
Ramus
mandibulae
M. buccinator
M. masseter,
Parsprofunda
Proc.styloideus
M. orbicularis
oris
A. temporalissuperticialis
M mentalis
M sternocleidomastoideus
M. depressor
labiiinferioris
M. digastricus,Venterposterior
M depressor
angulioris
M digastricus,Venteranterior
M. masseter,Parssuoerficialis
M. stylohyoideus
Os hyoideum
V jugularisinterna
N vagus[X]
N. hypoglossus
[Xlll
M. constrictorpharyngisinferior
A. carotiscommunis
Fig. 122 FaciaImusctes,Mm. faciei,and
masticatorm
y u s c t e sM
, m. masticatorii.
121
256
M us c l es
Arteriesof the head
R parietalis
A temporalis
superficialis,
A temporalis
media
A temporalis
superficialis,
R frontalis
A. temporalis
superlicialis
A. zygomaticoorbitalis
A. stylomastoidea
Aa temporalesprofundae
anterioret Dosterior
A transversa faciei
A occipitalis,
Rr.occipitales
A meningea media
A auricularis
posterior,
R occipitalis
A sphenopalatina
A auricularis
posleflor
A angularis
A occipitalis
A, infraorbitalis
A. alveolaris
superiorposterior
R mastoideus
R. sternocleidomastoideus
A labialissuperior
A maxillaris
A occipitalis
A. palatina
descendens
A palatinaascendens
A. facialis
A buccalis
A labialisinterior
A carotisexterna
A. carotisinterna
R mentalis
A facialis
Bifurcatio
carotidis
A submentalis
A alveolaris
inferior
A thyroidea
superior
A carotiscommunis
Fig.123 ExternaIcarotidartery,
A . c a r o t i se x t e r n a .
Veinsof the head
V. emissariaoarietalis
V temporalis
superficialis
V.diploica
temporalis
posterior
V labialissuperior
Plexuspterygoideus
V maxillaris
V cervicalisprofunda
V pharyngea
V labialisinferior
V retromandibularis
V jugularis
externa
V submentalis
V comitansnervi
hypoglossi
V facialis
interna
V.jugularis
V thyroideasuperior
F i g . 1 2 4 I n t e r n ajlu g u l a rv e i n ,
V .j u g u L a r i si n t e r n a .
> Head
M us c tes
Lymphatics
of the headand the neck
Nodi lymphoideiparotidei
superficiales
Nodi lymphoidei
occipitales
Nodi lymphoidei
mastoidei
Nodilymphoidei
faciales
Nodi lymphoidei
cervicalesprolundi
Nodi lymphoidei
submandibulares
Nodi lvmDhoideicervicales
me0rates
Nodi lymphoidei
cervicales laterales
Fig.125 Lymphnodesand lymphatics
o f t h e h e a da n d t h e n e c k ,N o d iL y m p h o i d e i
c a p i t i se t c e r v i c i s ;
a r r o w si n d i c a t ed r a i n a o ea r e a s .
M sternocleidomastoideus
Glandula parotidea
i.e
Nodi lymphoideiparotideiprofundi
1"*t*
Nodi lymphoideicervicaleslaterales,
Nodi profundisuperiores
M splenius
capitis
M levator scapulae
Nodilymphoideiretropharyngeales
Nodi lymphoideicervicaleslaterales,
Nodi profundi inferiores
A. carotiscommunis
V jugularis
interna
M scalenusmedius
Glandula thyroidea
M scalenusanterior
Nodi lymphoideithyroidei
M trapezius
Nodilymphoidei
cervicales
anteriores,
Nodiorofundiinferiores
V brachioceDhalica dextra
A subclavia
dextra
V subclavia
dextra
F i g . 1 2 6 D e e pL y m p hn o d e so f t h e n e c k ,
N o d it y m p h o i d eci e r v i c a L epsr o f u n d i .
i::Yl
> Head
it
Musctes
Facialnerve
R temporalis
Rr zygomatici
posterior
N auricularis
Rr buccales
N facialis [Vll]
R m a r g i n a l i sm a n d i b u l a r i s
Fig. 127 FaciaInerve,N. faciatis[Vll]
F i g . 1 2 8a , b P a t s yo f t h e l e f t f a c i a Ln e r v e ,
N . f a c i a t i s[ V l l ] .
a T h e c o n c e r n e de y ec a n n o tb e c l o s e du p o n
r e qu e s t It ag o ph t h aL m us ) .
b T h e t e e t ho f t h e c o n c e r n e ds i d ec a n n o tb e
S n o w nu 0 0 nr e o u e s t
To p o g r a p h y|
O rg a na re a s I S e cti o ns
Cutaneous
innervation
N frontalis
N ophthalmicus
N supraorbitalis
lv/11
N supratrochlearis
Ganglion trigeminale
Ganglion ciliare
N maxillaris
lvt2l
N. infraorbitalis
N mandibularis
lv/31
Foramen
infraorbitale
N temporalis
profundus
N palatinusmajor
N auriculotemporalis
N buccalis
N alveolaris
interior
N lingualis
N mentalis
N mylohyoideus
Ganglion
submandibulare
Fig. 129 Trigeminalnerve,
N . t r i g e m i n u s[ V J .
N ophthalmicus
[V/'1]
F i g . 1 3 0 C u t a n e o u si n n e r v a t i o o
nf t h e h e a d
a n dt h e n e c k
Surface lSketetonl Musctes
> Head
Vesselsandnervesof the headand the neck
M occipitofrontalis
& M epicranius,
& N supraorbitalis
oculi
s M, orbicularis
A temporalis
supedlcialis,
o
R parietalis
lvl temporalis*
auriculotemporalis
(v/3)
O A angularis
Rr temporales
(vll)
Ductus
parotideus
parotidea
Glandula
N occipitalisminor,
(Plexus cervicalis)
!, R buccalis
(vil)
& M masseter
V jugularis
externaa
M levatorscapulae*
,; R marginalis
mandibularis
(vil)
N auricularis
magnus,,,
(Plexuscervicalis)
N accessorius',
txtl
Platysma
M trapezius
s
't32
25r+
1.
F i g . 1 3 1 V e s s e Lasn d n e r v e so f t h e h e a da n d t h e n e c k :
s u o e r f i c i al[a t e r a Ir e o i o n s
Vessels
andnervesof theheadandthe
A temporalis
superficialis
a
(V/1)
& N supraorbitalis
a A supraorbitalis
auriculotemporalis
',
(v/3)
* N. supratrochlearis
Nn)
N occipitalismajor I
{t N infraorbitalis
(v/2t
Plexusintraparotideus
&
(vil)
N occipitalis
minor ,
* N mentalis
(v/3)
L4 spleniuscapitiss
a A facialis
N auricularis
magnus,.*
a V facialis
? R , c o l l i( V l l )
N accessorius
[Xll ,,
V jugularis
externaa
colli
6 N transversus
Nn supraclaviculares
i M sternocleidomastoideus
M trapezius
o
colli
o V transversa
133
256
Fig.132 Vessetsand nerveso f t h e h e a da n d t h e n e c k ;
d e e pl a t e r a Ir e g i o n s .
131
> Head
M us c l es
Lateralregionof theface
iil
V,temporalis
mediaa
superficialis,
R.frontalis
a A temporalis
lateralis
s N suoraorbitalis,R
A temporalis
supedicialis,
a
R parietalis
&,N zygomaticus,
R zygomaticotemporalis
{e N supraorbitalis,
B lateralis
a A supratrochlearis
{,}N supraorbitalis,
R medialis
& N zygomaticus,
R zygomaticofacialis
I N supratrochlearis
* N infratrochlearis
{, N ethmoidalis
antenor,
R nasalis
EXTETNUS
a A angularis
A occipitalisa
s N infraorbitalis
N auricularis.t
posterior
posterior
A auricularis
a
* N massetericus
a A facialis
N occipitalisminor ,
s M buccinator
M trapezius0
a A buccalis
l\4 sternocleidomastoideus*
$ N buccalis
A occipitalisa
* M orbicularis
oris
(Vll)r,
R digastricus
,* N mentalis
V retromandibularis
o
* N alveolarisinferior
(Vll),,
R stylohyoideus
A carotisinlernaa
a A alveolarisinferior
A carotis externa O
A lingualisO
V retromandibularis
o
a A facialis
a V submentalis
a V facialis
13Il
F i g , 1 3 3 V e s s e Lasn d n e r v e so f t h e h e a d ;
d e e o[ a t e r a Lr e o i o n s
T o p o g r a p h y|
O rg a na re a s I S e cti o ns
Maxillaryartery
t N massetericus
a A masseterica
A temporalismedia O
profunda
a A temporalis
Posterior;
, N temporalis
orofundus
A temporalis
superficialis,
a
R parietalis
lateralis
* l\4.pterygoideus
R lateralis
s N suoraorbitalis,
A zygomaticoa
orbitalis
B medialis
$ N supraorbitalis,
O A supratrochlearis
A transversaa
taciei
1' N supratrochlearis
a A angularis
Meatusacusticus
externus
& N. infratrochlearis
N meatusacusticii.
a A infraorbitalis
externi
N vagus [X], '
R auricularis
s N ethmoidalis
B nasalis
anterior,
e)dernus
N auriculotemporalis..
N facialis [Vll]
s N infraorbitalis
A stylomastoideaa
A auricularisposteriora
g Rr alveolares
supenores
posteriores
A auricularisprofundaO
A tympanicaanteriora
A.alveolaris
a Rr.dentates; I
. Br.peridentares
lilliJlid,
A occipitalis
a
A maxillaris
a
& N buccalis
A meningea media a
a A buccalis
A carolisexlernaa
o A facialis
M masseter*
f N mentalis
a R mentalis
N l i n g u a l i si
a ,, A ; N alveolarisinferior
N mylohyoideus.
*M
N mylohyoideus
a A submentalis
pterygoideusmedialis
a A tacialis
F i g . 1 3 1 A r t e r i e sa n d n e r v e so f t h e h e a d ;
dccncr
A temporalis
superficialis
lateral rcni6lg.
A meningea media
Discus
articularis
M pterygoideuslateralis
Proc
condylaris
Proc
coronoideus
A auricularis
posterior
N alveolarisinferior
A maxillaris
N lingualis
A occipitalis
alveolaris
inferior
A carotis
externa
a
60 %
F i g . 1 3 5a - c V a r i a t i o n o
sf the middLe
m e n i n g e aaI r t e r y ,A . m e n i n g e am e d i a
b
3%
c
3o/o
the
T h e m i d d l . em e n i n g e aaI r t e r y ,A m e n i n g e am e d i a ,b r a n c h e so f f p r o x i m a L t o
i n f e r i o ra l v e o t a a
r r t e r y ,A a L v e o L a ri insf e r i o r .
T h e m i d d L em e n i n g e a L a r t e rA
y ,. m e n i n g e am e d i a ,b r a n c h e so f f a c r o s sf r o m t h e i n f e r i o r
a t v e o [ aar r t e r y ,A . a L v e o L a ri insf e r i o r .
T h e m i d d t em e n i n g e a L a r t e rA
y ,. m e n i n g e am e d i a ,b r a n c h e so f f d i s t a I t ot h e i n f e r i o r
atveotarartery,A. alveo[arisinferior.
> Head
Surface lSketetonl Muscles
Lateralregionof theface
"rilt
.4.N. auriculotemporalis
A temporalis
superficialis,
O
R parietalis
media
a A temporalis
profunda
posterior
a A temporalis
1 N temooralis
orofundus
meatus,
acustici
externl
: N mandibularis[V/3]
lateralis
, o N ; M pterygoideus
o A maxillaris
, N infraorbitalis
R auricularis
(X)
a A infraorbitalis
A;N auriculariso:
posterior
a A sphenopalatina
,,, N supratrochlearis
A temporalis
o
supedicialis
superiores
, Rr.alveolares
posteriores
-, N, infratrochlearis
N facialis[Vll],;
N auriculo-,
temporalis
a A angularis
R digastricusi
A occipitalisa
& N inlraorbitalis
meningea media a)
A maxillaris
a
i*, N massetericus
Chordatympani
,. N buccalis
A alveolaris
inferioro
a A buccalis
N hypoglossus
[Xll]
.i N alveolarisinferior
A l i n g u a l i sO
A palatinaascendens a
, N lingualis
N vagus[X] ,
Mandibula
Ansa cervicalis ,
A carotiscommunis
a
Glandula sublingualis
A facialiso
a A sublingualis
N hypoglossus
[Xll] ;
, N hypoglossus[Xll]
G a n g l i osnu b m a n d i b u l a r e , ,
N mylohyoideus
i
I
a A submentalis
F i g . 1 3 6 A r t e r i e sa n d n e r v e so f t h e h e a d ,
d e e p e s [t a t e r a Lr e g i o n s
l!
ril
131+ V
1 3 8 256
60k
3 o/o
4Yo
18%
a
b
c
d
F i g . 1 3 7a - d V a r i a t i o n isn t h e c o u r s e
o f t h e m a x i t l a r ya r t e r y ,A . m a x i t t a r i s .
T h e m a x i L [ a r y a r t e r ym
, Aa x i L t a r i s , p a s s e s m e d i a t l y t o t h e l a t e r a t p t e r y g o i d m u s c [ e ,
M . p t e r y g o i d e uLsa t e r a I i st h, e I i n g u a In e r v e ,N L i n g u a L iasn, d t h e i n f e r i o ra t v e o L a r
n e r v e ,N . a L v e o L a ri insf e r i o r .
T h e m a x i t L a rayr t e r y ,A . m a x i t L a r i sp,a s s e sb e t w e e nt h e L i n g u anLe r v e ,N . l i n g u a t i s ,
a n d t h e i n f e r i o ra t v e o [ a nr e r v e ,N . a l v e o L a r i sn f e r i o r .
T h e m a x i [ L a rayr t e r y ,A . m a x i [ L a r i sp,a s s e st h r o u g ha L o o pf o r m e db y t h e i n f e r i o r
a t v e o t a nr e r v e ,N . a L v e o L a ri insf e r i o r .
T h e m i d d L em e n i n g e aaLr t e r y ,A . m e n i n g e am e d i a ,b r a n c h e so f f d i s t a Lt o t h e
i n f e r i o ra t v e o [ aar r t e r y ,A a l v e o t a r i isn f e r i o r .
Topography |
0rganareas
I Sections
Bamusmandibulae
N. massetericus;A.
masseterica
o a
a Plexuspterygoideus
media
a V temporalis
A temporalis
superlicialis,
a
R parietalis
N. auriculoa
temporalis
R lateralis
a N. suDraorbitalis,
V temporalisa
media
A. temporalisa
meota
R. medialis
a N. suDraorbitalis,
N auriculo-o
temporalis
o N. suoratrochlearis
O A. angularis
V temporalisa
superficialis
a N. infratrochlearis
Meatus
acusticus
exlernus
o A. dorsalisnasi
R auricularis
o
a A facialis
(x)
N auricularis
a
posterior
a N. infraorbilalis
N.facialisa
tvill
A temporalis
a
supedicialis
o N. buccalis
A auricularis
a
posterior
O V orofundafaciei
A. maxillaris
O
V maxillaris
a
A carotisexternaa
a A. buccalis
V retromandi-O
bularis
spnenomanaioutLalrge
a V tacialis
N :A alveolaris
inferiora a
a N. mentalis
N.linguala
is
A carotisinternaa
o Plexusdentalisinferior
A carotis€xternaa
A. lingualis
a
o A. tacialis
V retromandibularis
a
V facialiso
a N. mylohyoideus
o V submentalis
136
F i g . 1 3 8 V e s s e t sa n d n e r v e so f t h e h e a d ;
d e e p e rt a t e r a Ir e g i o n s .
Surface lSkeletonl
Musctes
Mouth/0ratcavity
Skeletonof thenose
Os nasale
(Cartilago
nasi lateralis)
Cartilago
alarismajor,
Cruslaterale
Cartilagines
nasl
accessonae
Cartilago
septi nasi
Cartilago
alarismajor,
Crusmediale
Cartilagoseptinasi
F i g . 1 3 9 S k e t e t o no f t h e n o s e .
Ala nasi
F i g . 1 1 0 N a s a I c a r t i [ a g e sCa
, rtitag ines
nast.
Suturafrontonasalis
Suturafrontomaxillaris
Maxilla,Proc frontalis
Cartilago
alarismajor,
Cruslaterale
Cartilagines
ataresmtnores
Cartilago
alarismajor,
Crusmediale
Cartilagoseptinasi
Fig.1t1
S k e t e t o no f t h e n o s e .
To p o g r a p h y
S a t i v a r y g t a n d sT o p o g r a p h y
Nasalseptum
Laminaet Foramina
cribrosa
Sinussphenoidalis
Laminaperpendicularis
Os ethmoidale,
Cartilagoseptinasi
Cartilago
septinasi,
Proc.posterior
Cartilagoalaris major,
Crus mediale
Spinanasalisanterior
Fossa pterygoidea
Hamuluspterygoideus
Suturapalatina
transversa
(Suturavomeromaxillaris)
F i g . 1 1 2 N a s a Is e p t u m ,S e p t u mn a s i
Os ethmoidale,
Lamina perpendicularis
Plexuscavernosus
Cartilagoseptinasi
Meatus nasi inferior
Concha nasalis inlerior
Glandulae nasales
Maxilla, Proc palatinus,
Crista nasalis
F i g . 1 1 3 I n f e r i o rn a s a Ic o n c h a C
, o n c h an a s a L i isn f e r t o r .
Musctes
Mouth/0raIcavity
Sinusfrontalis
Nn.olfactoriiill
Bulbusolfactorius
Conchanasalismedia
SinussDhenoidalis
Conchanasalisinferior
Limennasi
Tonsillapharyngea
Vestibulumnasi
Fig. 144 LateralwaLtof the nasaIcavity,Cavitasnasi.
Sinustrontalis
Os frontale
Conchanasalissuoerior
Conchanasalismedia
Cellulae
ethmoidales
posteriores
Os nasale
Sinus
sphenoidalis
Tonsilla
pharyngea
Palatummolle
Conchanasalisinferior
Palatumdurumr N. nasooalatinus
Openings
of:
1 Sinustrontalis
2 Ductusnasolacrimalis
3 Cellulaeethmoidales
anteriores
4 Sinusmaxillaris
5 CellulaeethmoidalesDosteriores
6 Sinussohenoidalis
F i g . 1 4 5 N a s a Ic a v i t yC
, a v i t a sn a s i ,a n d o p e n i n g s
o f t h e p a r a n a s asI i n u s e s S
, i n u sp a r a n a s a l e s .
Topography
Sativarygtands Topography
Paranasal
sinuses
Fig.116 Projectionof the paranasaIsinuses,Sinus paranasates.
Sinusfrontalis
Sinusmaxillaris
Fig,1t7
Projection
o f t h e p a r a n a s asI i n u s e s S
, i n u sp a r a n a s a t e s .
,']
M us c tes
Mouth/0ratcavity
Paranasalsinuses
nasisuperior
lvleatus
Sinusfrontalis
lvleatus
nasimedius
Cellulaeethmoidales
Hiatussemilunaris
Conchanasalismedia
Sinusmaxillaris
Meatusnasiinferior
Septumnasi
Conchanasalisinferior
F i g , 1 4 8 P a r a n a s asI i n u s e s S
, i n u sp a r a n a s a t e s .
20Y
12Y
Sinusfrontalis
8. Y
Y
Os ethmoidale
Septum nasi
Orbita,Pariesinferior
Conchanasalismedia
I
lvleatusnasiinferior
Conchanasalisinferior
G
\
Sinusmaxillaris
20Y
Maxilla,Proc palatinus
>60 Y
l\4axilla
F i g . 1 1 9 D e v e t o p m e notf t h e m a x i L t a rayn d f r o n t a Is i n u s e s .
Y - vear of Life
S a t i v a r y g t a n d sT o p o g r a p h y
ParanasaI si nuses,radiography
Sinusfrontales
Cellulaeethmoidales
anteriores
Orbita
Suturaf rontozygomatica
Os zygomaticum,
Proc trontalis
Forameninfraorbitale
Cavitasnasi
Cellulae
ethmoidales
oosteriores
Sinusmaxillaris
Arcuszygomaticus
Sinusmaxillaris
Proc. condylaris
Margosuperiorpartispetrosae
Proc.coronoideus
Sinussphenoidalis
Lrngua
F i g .1 5 0 P a r a n a s asI i n u s e s S
, i n u sp a r a n a s a l e s ;
PA-radiograph.
> Head
M us c tes
Mouth/0ratcavitl
0ral cavity
Proc pterygoideus,
Laminamedialis
Hamuluspterygoideus
Raphepterygomandibularis
M tensor veli palatini
M levatorveli
palatini
Tonsillapharyngea
M pterygoideuslateralis
Lig sphenomandibulare
Palatumdurum
M pterygoideus
medialis
M orbicularis
oris
Ramusmandibulae
Glandulae
labiales
Proc styloideus
M styloglossus
M buccinator
M stylopharyngeus
Lig stylohyoideum
Lig stylomandibulare
M stylohyoideus
l\ilandibula
M longuscapitis
M digastricus
M genioglossus
Os hyoideum,
Cornumajus
M mylohyoideus
Membrana
thyrohyoidea
M geniohyoideus
(
I
Os hvoideum
1
_ l
I
M, hyoglossus
corpu. /
N4thyrohyoideus
u o r n um r n u s
M sternocleidomastoideus
F i g . 1 5 1 0 r a L c a v i t yC, a v i t a so r i s
Palatum durum
Palatum molle
Arcuspalatoglossus
Arcuspalatopharyngeus
Tonsillapalatina
Uvula palatina
Dorsumlinguae
Labium inferius
Fig. 152 0raI cavity,Cavitasoris.
Topography
S a t i v a r y g [ a n d sT o p o g r a p h y
Dentalarcade
Dentesincisivi
Denscaninus
Maxilla, Proc palatinus
Sutura palatina mediana
Dentespremolares
Sutura palatomaxillaris
Maxilla,Proc alveolaris
Dentesmolares
Foramenpalatinum
malus
Sulcus palatinus
malor
Ospalatinum,
Proc pyramidalis
Foramina palatina minora
Choana
Laminahorizontalis
Os oalatinum.
F i g . 1 5 3 U p p e rd e n t a La r c a d e A
, r c u sd e n t a t i ss u p e r i o r ,
, a t a t u mo s s e u m .
a n d b o n yp a t a t e P
Foramen mandibulae
oral *
vestibular
Dens molaris lll [serotinus]
Tunicamucosaoris,Gingiva
DensmolarisI
Denspremolaris
ll
Foramen mentale
Denspremolaris
I
Denscaninus
Densincisivus
lateralis
Dens incisivusmedialis
F i g , 1 5 4 L o w e rd e n t a Ia r c a d e A
, r c u sd e n t a l i si n f e r i o r
+ I n t h em a n d i b loer a Ii s s y n o n y m ow
u si t hL i n g u aatn, di n t h e
m a x i t l iat i s s y n o n y m ow
u ist hp a t a t i n a t
M us c tes
Mouth/0raIcavitl
vestlbular
Enamelum
Corona
dentis
Corona
clinica
Dentinum
Cervix
dentis
Margo gingivalis
Cementum
Radix
dentis
Radix
clinica
Periodontium
IDesmodontium]
Canalisradicis
dentis:
Pulparadicularis
Foramen
apicis
dentis
Apex radicisdentis
F i g . 1 5 5 I n c i s o rt o o t h ,D e n si n c i s i v u s .
+mesial
dlstal
+mesial
Cuspisdentis
Apexcuspidis
\
(Facies
contactus);
Faciesmesialis
1Fu.i".
"ont".tr"1;
Faciesdistalis
Cuspisdentis
Cuspisdentis
Tuberculum
dentis
II
' Facies lingualis
F i g .1 5 6 P e r m a n e n L
t o w e cr a n i n et o o t h ,
D e n sc a n i n u sp e r m a n e n s .
F i g . 1 5 7 D e c i d u o u s e c o n dm o [ a rt o o t h ,
D e n sm o t a r i sd e c i d u u s
F i g ,1 5 8 P e r m a n e n u
t p p e rf i r s t m o l a r t o o t h ,
D e n sm o L a r i sp r i m u s .
To p o g r a p h y
Sativarygtands Topography
Dentesincisivi
Dens
cantnus
Dens
molarisI
Dens
molarisll
Dentesincisivi
Dens
cantnus
Dens
molarisI
Dens
molarisll
F i g . 1 5 9 D e c i d u o u tse e t h ,D e n t e sd e c i d u io, f a 3 - y e a r - o l .cdh i L d ;
v e s t i b u [ avr i e w .
Maxitta
r i gh t
55 54 53
6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 , . .LEI L
72 73 74 75
MandibLe
Dens
Dens
incisivuslateralis
caninus
Dens
molarisI
Dens
molarisll
Dens
Dens
incisivus
lateralis caninus
Dens
molarisI
Dens
molarisll
F i g . 1 6 0 D e c i d u o u tse e t h ,D e n t e sd e c i d u i o, f a 2 - y e a r - o l dc h i t d ;
top row viewedfrom vestiburar;
bottom row viewedobLiquel,y
from inferior.
8
7
6
54321
F i g .1 6 1 P e r m a n e n
t et e t h D
, e n t ep
sermanentes;
oratview.
n f t h en u m b e r s . l
I S e eo .9 7f o r i d e n t i cf a t i o o
Adutd
t entition
8
7
5
4
F i g . 1 6 2 P e r m a n e n t e e t h ,D e n t e sp e r m a n e n
tes;
distaIview.
l S e ep . 9 7 f o r i d e n t i f i c a t i oonf t h e n u m b e r s . )
321
Sativarygl.ands Topography
123
45
7
6
8
F i g . 1 6 3P e r m a n e nt et e t hD
, e n t ep
sermanentes;
vestibular
vtew.
1
2
3
4
123
5 D e n sp r e m o t a r li ls
6 D e n sm o t a r i sI
7 D e n sm o l a r i sl l
I D e n sm o [ a r i sl l l
nus]
Iseroti
D e n si n c i s i v u sI
D e n si n c i s i v u sl l
D e n sc a n i n u s
D e n sp r e m o t a r i sI
4
5
o
F i g . 1 6 1 P e r m a n e ntte e t h ,D e n t e sp e r m a n e n t e s ;
mesiaIview.
7
8
Surface lSketetonl Musctes
F i g . 1 6 5 M a x i l . t aM, a x i t L aw, i t h d e c i d u o u st e e t h ,
D e n t e sd e c i d u ia, n d t h e f i r s t p e r m a n e n t o o t h ;
L e f t : m e d i a nt i m e o f e r u p t i o ni n m o n t h sI M l ;
r i g h t :o r d e ro f e r u p t i o n .
9 -13
9-12 Y
1 0 . - 1 3Y.
18-40 Y
Fig.165 MaxiLta,
Maxitl.a,
with permanentteeth,Dentes
p e r m an e n t e s ;
l e f t : m e d i a nt i m e o f e r u p t i o ni n y e a r s[ Y l ;
r i g h t :o r d e ro f e r u p t i o n .
T o p o g r a p h y|
Org a na re a s I S e cti o ns
Sativarygtands Topography
Canalismandibulae
Denscaninus(deciduus)
Dentesmolares(decidui)
Densmolaris(permanens)
ll
Dentesmolares(decidui)
|
Densmolaris(permanens)
(permanentes)
Dentespremolares
Denscaninus(permanens)
Foramenmentale
F i g . 1 6 7 M a x i L t aM, a x i t t aa, n d m a n d i b t eM
, andibuta,
o f a 5 - y e a r - o [ dc h i t d ;
d e c i d u o u tse e t ha n d a n t a g eo f p e r m a n e n t e e t h .
tl
Densmolarislll lserotinus]
Dentespremolares
Denscaninus
Densmolarislll [serotinus]
Densmolarisll
DentesDremolares.
Radices
DensmolarisI
Foramenmentale
F i g . 1 6 8 M a x i [ [ aM
, a x i L l aa,n d m a n d i b L eM, a n d i b u [ a ,
of a 20-year-otd
ma[e.
> Head
Sunface lSketetmnl
Musel*s
Mouth/0ratcavity
Teeth,radiography
Arcuszygomaticus
Canalis infraorbitalis
Palatum
durum
Tuberculum
articulare
Septumnasi
lvleatus
acusticus
exlernus
Sinus maxillaris
Proc condylaris
Palatum molle
[Velum palatinum]
Densmolarisll
Canalis mandibulae
Os hyoideum
Dens caninus
Foramen mentale
Dens
i n c i s i v ul ls
Dens
incisivus
i
Dens
premolaris
I
Dens
premolaris
ll
F i g .1 6 9 M a x i t L aM, a x i I L a ,n d m a n d i b L e
M, a n d i b u L a ;
p a n o r a m i rca d i o g r a p h ;
w i t h o u tw i s d o mt e e t h .
Dens
molarisI
T opog r a p h y|
Org a na re a s I S e cti o ns
S a t i v a r y g t a n d sT o p o g r a p h y
lnnervation
N ophthalmicus[V/1]
teeth
Nn alveolares
superiores
N trigeminus
[V]
Ganglion
trigeminale
N mandibularis
[V/31
N infraorbitalis
N lingualis
N alveolarisinferior
N mentalis
Plexus dentalis inferior
F i g . 1 7 0 M a x i t l a r ya n d m a n d i b u t a nr e r v e ,
N n . m a x i t t a r i s[ V / 2 ]e t m a n d i b u t a r i [sV / 3 ]
Ganglion trigeminale
N trigeminus
[V]
prolundus
N petrosus
[Radixsympathica]
M tensortympani
N petrosusminor
N petrosus
majorlRadixparasympathica]
Ganglion geniculi
Radix motoria
N mandibularis
[V/3]
N .o p h
z N.m
Rr.ganglionares
IBadixsensorial
/N.
N intermedius
Tubaauditiva
N, infraorbitalis
R alveolaris
superior anterior
Sinusmaxillaris
N facialis
lvill
Cellulae mastoideae
N. infraorbitalis
Cavitastympani
N, tympanicus
Foramen
stylomastoideum
N vagus[X]
N glossopharyngeus
lXl
N caroticus
internus
A carotisinterna
Rr alveolares
superiores
anteriores,
Plexusdentalissuperior
N canalis pterygoidei
pterygopalatinum
Ganglion
Rr alveolares
suoeriores
medii
Fl alveolaris
suoeriormedius
Br alveoleressuDeriores
oosteriores
F i g .1 7 1 P t e r y g o p a l a tgi naen g L i oG
na
, n g t i opnt e r y g o p a L a t i n u m
Surface lSketetonl Muscles
Mouth/Oratcavity
(medialis)
Densincisivus
F i g . 1 7 2 H a r da n ds o f tp a L a t e ,
Patatum
d u r u me t m o t t e ;
i n f e r i ovr i e w .
Densincisivus
(lateralis)
Denscaninus
Papilla incisiva
Denspremolaris
I
Plicae palatinae
Iransversae
Denspremolaris
ll
DensmolarisI
Palatumdurum
Densmolarisll
Densmolarislll
[serotinus]
Raphe palati
Palatummolle
lvelum
palatinuml
Arcus
palatoglossus
N nasopalatinus
Arcuspalatopharyngeus
Uvulapalatina
Palatum
durum
Rr alveolares
posteriores
superiores
F i g . 1 7 3 S e n s i b l ei n n e r v a t i o o
nf the patate,
P a L a t u ma,n d m a x i l t a M
, axitta.
n r e i n d i c a t e doy
O v e r l a p p i nagr e a so f i n n e r v a t i o a
t r a n s i t i o no f c o l o u r s .
Nn palatini
Palatum
moile
Raphe palati
Glandulae palatinae
a A. palatinamajor
maior
a N. palatinus
Hamuluspterygoideus
M uvulaea
Foramenpalatinum
majus
Hamuluspterygoideus
a M. constrictorpharyngissuperior,
Parsglossopharyngea
Arcuspalatopharyngeus
a M buccinator
Arcuspalatoglossus
palatina
Tonsilla
Raphepterygomandibularis
a M. palatoglossus
e N lingualis
lsthmusfaucium
pharyngis
superior,
a M. constrictor
Parsglossopharyngea
Dorsumlinguae
a M. palatopharyngeus
Fig. 171 Ora[ cavity,Cavitasoris, and
, m. palati.
m u s c L eo
sf the patateM
Topography
Sativarygtands Topography
Plica glossoepiglottica mediana
Plica glossoepiglottica Iateralis
Tonsilla
lingualis;
Cryptaetonsillares
Radix linguae
Foramen
caecumlinguae
M. palatopharyngeus
Sulcusterminalis
linguae
Tonsillapalatina
Fossulae
tonsillares,
Cryptaetonsillares
M palatoglossus
(Plicatriangularis)
Dorsumlinguae,
Parsposterior
Arcuspalatoglossus
Papillae vallatae
Papillaefoliatae
(Papillaeconicae)
Dorsumlinguae,
Parsanterior
Papillae
fungiformes
Margolinguae
Papillaefiliformes
Corpuslinguae
Sulcusmedianus
linguae
Apexlinguae
F i g . 1 7 5 T o n g u eL, i n g u a .
N. glossopharyngeus
lXl
Bitter
Sour
I
I
Salty
Sweel
F i g . 1 7 6 I n n e r v a t i oann dt a s t ec a t e g o r i east t h e
d o r s u mo f t h et o n o u e .
Palatummolle
lvelumpalatinuml
Labiumsuperius
Vestibulum
Fossasupratonsillaris
ofls
Maxilla
Dorsum
linguae
Tonsillapalatina
Labiuminferius
Arcus
palatopharyngeus
Vestibulum
ons
Papillafoliata
Arcuspalaloglossus
Cavitasoris propria
Papillae vallatae
Foramen
caecumlinguae
Tonsillalingualis
Fig.177 0raI cavity,Cavitas
oris.
Mouth/Oralcavity
of the
M. longitudinalis
superior
linguae
M transversus
Aponeurosis
linguae
Septumlinguae
Tunicamucosalinguae
Foramen
caecumlinguae
Radix linguae
Os hyoideum
Mandibula
Cartilago epiglotlica
Aditus laryngis
M. genioglossus
laryngis
Venviculus
M. mylohyoideus
M geniohyoideus
Cartilagothyroidea
F i g . 1 7 8 T o n g u eL i,n g u a a, n d m u s c l e so f t h e t o n g u e ,M m . l i n g u a e ;
median
section.
linguae
Aponeurosis
linguae
M. vansversus
Septum
ilnguae
Plica fimbriata
Glandulalingualis
Frenulum
linguae
Faciesinferiorlinguae
, n d m u s c l e so f t h e t o n g u e ,M m . l i n g u a e ;
F i g . 1 7 9 T o n g u eL, i n g u a a
c r o s s - s e c t i otnh r o u g ht h e t i p o f t h e t o n g u e .
M verticalislinguae
M longitudinalissuperior
M transversus
linguae
M longitudinalisinferior
Mm.genioglossus
F i g . 1 8 0 T o n g u eL, i n g u a a
, n d m u s c l e so f t h e t o n g u e ,M m . [ i n g u a e ;
c r o s s - s e c t i oant t h e [ e v e [o f t h e m i d d t eo f t h e t o n o u e .
To pogr a p h y
S a t i v a r y g t a n d sT o p o g r a p h y
Hyoidboneand infra- and suprahyoidmuscles
Cornuminus
F i g . 1 8 1 H y o i db o n e ,0 s h y o i d e u m .
Fig.182 Hyoidbone,0s hyoideum.
Proc.styloideus
M mylohyoideus
M. digastricus,Venterposterior
M geniohyoideus
M digastricus,Venteranterior
Os hyoideum
M thyrohyoideus
M. omohyoideus,
Ventersuperior
M. sternohyoideus
M sternothyroideus
M omohyoideus,
Venterinterior
F i g . 1 8 3 M u s c u t a rs u s p e n s i o n
o f t h e h y o i db o n e
> Head
Mouth/0ratcavitl
Suprahyoid
muscles
Protuberantia
mentalis
Alveolusdentalis
m o l a r ilsl l
(Densextractus)
Foramen mentale
(Raphe mylohyoidea)
Tuberculum
mentale
venteranterior;
M dioastricus
{
lventerposterior
Lig stylohyoideum
M stylohyoideus
(Ansatendinis)
l\4 digastricus,
Tendointermedius
l\4 digastricus,
Corpus
Os hyoideum,
Os hyoideum,
Cornumajus
duscles,
F i g .1 8 4 M a n d i b t eM, a n d i b u t aa ,n d s u p r a h y o im
Mm.suorahvoidei
Spinamentalis
superior
M genioglossus
l\4 mylohyoideus
N4geniohyoideus
Os hyoideum,
Cornuminus
Foramen
mandibulae
Os hyoideum,
Cornumajus
Os hyoideum,
Corpus
musctes,
F i g . 1 8 5 M a n d i b L eM, a n d i b u L as ;u p r a h y o i d
M m . s u p r a h y o i d ea in, d h y o i db o n e , 0 sh y o i d e u m
Ramus
mandibulae
Topography
Sativarygl.ands Topography
Dorsumlinguae
Corpuslinguae
Papillae foliatae
Papillavallata
Radix linguae
M palatoglossus
M. styloglossus
M stylopharyngeus
Mandibula
M longitudinalis
inferior
M. constrictorpharyngismedius
M genioglossus
M geniohyoideus
M. hyoglossus
Os hyoideum,
Cornumajus
Os hyoideum,
Corpus
Membrana thyrohyoidea
M thyrohyoideus
F i g . 1 8 6 T o n g u eL ,i n g u aa,n dmusclesof the
t o n g u eM
, m .l i n g u a e .
M. hyoglossus
M. palatoglossus
Tunicamucosaoris
M. styloglossus
M. stylopharyngeus
M. constrictorpharyngissuperior,
Parsglossopharyngea
Mandibula
M constrictorpharyngismedius,
Parsceratopharyngea
M longitudinalisinferior
M geniohyoideus
M. genioglossus
M. geniohyoideus
M chondroglossus
Os hyoideum,
Cornuminus
F i g . 1 8 7 T o n g u eL, i n g u a a
, n d m u s c t e so f t h e
t o n g u eM
, m .[ i n g u a e .
M. hyoglossus
> Head
M us c tes
Mouth/0ratcavit'
Musclesof thetongueand thepharynx
linguae
Frenulum
Apexlinguae
Facies inferiorlinguae, Plica fimbriata
Tunicamucosaoris
M genioglossus
M. longitudinalis
interior
Septumlinguae
M. genioglossus
M. palatoglossus
M. hyoglossus
M. styloglossus
M. constrictorpharyngissuperior,
Parsglossopharyngea
M. hyoglossus
M chondroglossus
Os hyoideum,
Cornumajus
pharyngis
M. constrictor
medius,
Parschondropharyngea
M hyoglossus
M sternohyoideus
M. geniohyoideus
F i g . 1 8 8 M u s c l e so f t h e t o n g u e ,M m . l i n g u a e .
M styloglossus
M. palatoglossus
palatina
Tonsilla
Proc.styloideus
M longitudinalisinlerior
Lig.stylohyoideum
M. stylopharyngeus
M. constrictor
suoerior.
oharvnqis
Parsglossopharynaei
pharyngis
M. constrictor
medius,
Parschondropharyngea
M. constrictorpharyngismedius,
Parsceratopharyngea
M. geniohyoideus
Os hyoideum,
Cornuminus
Membranathyrohyoidea
Os hyoideum,
Cornumajus
A.; V. laryngea
superior;
N. laryngeus
superior
M. thyrohyoideus
Cartilagothyroidea
M. constrictorpharyngisinferior,
Parsthyropharyngea
F i g . 1 8 9 M u s c t e so f t h e t o n g u e ,M m . [ i n g u a ea, n d
musctesof the pharynx,Tunicamuscutarispharyngis.
Topogr a p h y
Salivarygtands Topography
Fascia masseterica
Ductusparotideus
M buccinator
parotidea
Glandula
accessofla
buccae
Corpusadiposum
M masseter
M risorius
M depressor
angulioris
Fascia parotidea
Platysma
l\4.sternocleidomastoideus:
Fasciacervicaiis.
Laminasuoerf
icialis
Os hyoideum
Fascia cervicalis.Lamina suDerficialis
v;A lacialis
F i g . 1 9 0 P a r o t i dg t a n d ,G t a n d u [ ap a r o t i d e a .
Cavitas nasi
Plexuscavernosus
a
Cartilagonasilateralis
Concha nasalis media
M orbicularis
oculia
Sinusmaxillaris
l\/axilla
lV temporalis
a
Proc coronoideus
M pterygoideus
lateralisa
a A carotisinterna
N lingualis*
N alveolarisinferior&
Proc condylaris
Proc.styloideus
temporalis
superficialis
a
A temporalis
superficialis
a
a A vertebralis
Cartilago
auriculae
parotidea
Glandula
A. alveolaris
inleriorO
Proc mastoideus
a A occipitalis
, t a n d u t ap a r o t i d e aa, n d
F i g . 1 9 1 P a r o t i dg L a n dG
, m. masticatorii;
m a s t i c a t o rm
y usclesM
h o r i z o n t asI e c t i o n ;
i n f e r i o rv i e w .
> Head
M us c l es
Mouth/0ratcavitr
jqt
gland
Submandibular
Nodilymphoidei
submandibulares
A ; V f a c i a l ios a
Glandula parotidea
* N facialis[Vll], R colli
externa
o V jugularis
c M digastricus,
Venterposterior
$ N hypoglossus
[Xll]
Platysma
*
c l\/ stylohyoideus
superior
a V thyroidea
M digastricus,
Venteranterior€
superior
o A. thyroidea
Fascia cervicalis.Lamina suoerficialis
pharyngis
inferiol
t M constrictor
M mylohyoideus
t
o lvl thyrohyoideus
A submentalis
a
s M omohyoideus,
Ventersuperior
Glandula
submandibularis
t M sternohyoideus
F i g . 1 9 2 S u b m a n d i b u t agrt a n d ,G [ a n d u t as u b m a n d i b u [ a r i s .
A:Vsubmentalisaa
A ; V f a c i a l ias a
Platysma
a
N , l i n g u a l i s,
* M pterygoideusmedialis
Ductusparotideus
parotidea
Glandula
accessoria
c M masseter;
Fasciamasseterica
M, mylohyoideus6
parotidea
Glandula
Glandula
sublingualis
l\/ digastricus,*
Venteranterior
Noduslymphoideus
submandibularis
Fasciacervicalis,
Laminasuperficialis
genioglossusO
a V retromandibularis
V s u b l i n g u a ol i s
o M digastricus,
Venterposterior
A. lingualis
a
Ganglion *
submandibulare
l\/ geniohyoideus
a
M, mylohyoideus
o
Ductussubmandibularis
Glandula
submandibularis
M styloglossus
O
Glandula
submandibularis
N hypoglossus
[Xll] ,
Fasciaceruicalis,
Laminasuperficialis
M hyoglossusI
s M. stylohyoideus
Venteranterior
o M. digastricus,
, l a n d u t a se a t i v a r i a e
F i g . 1 9 3 M a j o rs a L i v a rgyt a n d s G
majores;
inferolateratview.
To p o g r a p h y
Sativarygtands Topography
Submandibular andsublinaual
Ductussublinouales
minores
Caruncula
sublingualis
M pterygoideus
medialis
Ductussublingualis
major
N lingualis
M genioglossus
Glandula
submandibularis
M geniohyoideus
Ductussubmandibularis
M. digastricus,Venteranterior
Glandula
sublingualis
Os hyoideum
M mylohyoideus
F i g . 1 9 4 S u b m a n d i b u t agrt a n d ,G [ a n d u t as u b m a n d i b u t a r i s ,
a n d s u b t i n g u agl .t a n d ,G t a n d u [ a
sub[inguatis.
Caruncula
sublingualis
Ductussublingualis
major
Ductussubmandibularis
Glandula
sublingualis
M genioglossus
M mylohyoideus
N. lingualis
A. alveolaris inferior
N alveolaris inferior
Os hyoideum,
Cornumajus
Radix linguae
N. hypoglossus
[Xll]
F i g . 1 9 5 S u b L i n g u agL[ a n d ,G t a n d u t a
subtinguatis,
a n ds u b m a n d i b u t a
g rt a n d G
, l a n d u t sau b m a n d i b u t a r i s ;
s u D e n o rv t e w .
M us c tes
Mouth/0ral.cavity
Papillaductusparotidei
F i g .1 9 6 O p e n i nogf t h ee x c r e t o rdyu c t
g t a n dP, a p i t l d
au c t u s
o f t h ep a r o t i d
oarotidei.
Lingua,Faciesinferior
Oensmolarislll [serotinus]
Plicafimbriata
Densmolarisll
Frenulum
linguae
DensmolarisI
Plicasublingualis
Denspremolaris
ll
Caruncula
sublingualis
I
Denspremolaris
Denscaninus
Gingiva
ll
Densincisivus
Fig.197 0peningof the excretory
duct
, aruncula
o f t h es u b m a n d i b u Lg a[ ar n dC
s ub t i n o
u a[ i s .
T o p o g r a p h y|
Sativaryglands
O rg a na re a s I S e cti o n s
Topography
Arteriesandnervesof the oral cavitv
Maxilla
a N lingualis
Uvulapalatina
M. palatoglossus
a
a M. genioglossus
l\,4styloglossusa
linguae
a A. profunda
Mm pharyngis
a
Mandibula
N glossopharyngeus
lxl s
a M. mylohyoideus
M. hyoglossusO
a M geniohyoideus
A lingualisO
I N hypoglossus
[Xll]
Os hyoideum,
Cornumajus
a A sublingualis
M hyoglossus
a
pharyngis
M. constrictor
medius,O
Parschondropharyngea
F i g .1 9 8 A r t e r i e as n d n e r v e so f t h e t o n g u e ,L i n g u a ;
mediaIview.
major
* N palatinus
Nn,palatiniminoresc
o A. palatinamajor
O (A nasopalatina)
Canalisincisivus
Uvulapalatina
Tonsillapalatina
Dorsumlinguae,
Parsanterior
R tonsillaris
*
vallatae
Papillae
N. glossopharyngeusflXl a
Mandibula
A palatinaascendens,O
R tonsillaris
N glossopharyngeus
ilXl, ,'
Br linguales
Tonsillalinoualis.
(Folliculiliri'guales)
F i g . 1 9 9 A r t e r i e sa n d n e r v e so f t h e p a L a t eP, a L a t u m ,
a n d t h e r o o t o f t h e t o n g u e ,R a d i x[ i n g u a e ;
m e d i a Iv i e w .
> Head
M us c l es
MouthlOratcavity
Vessels
and nervesof the tongueand the larynx
G l a n d u l al i n g u a l i s
Ductussublingualis
major
Plica fimbriata
C a r u n c u sl au b l i n g u a l i s
Ductussublinguales
minores
Ductussublingualis
major
Plicasublingualis
Ductussubmandibularis
a M genioglossus
Septumlinguae
a M geniohyoideus
N;A;Vsublingualis*Oa
G l a n d u lsau b l i n g u a l i s
a M styloglossus
A l i n g u a l ias ;
V comitans
nervihypoglossi
O
0 M hyoglossus
N lingualis
*
a M mylohyoideus
Ganglion
submandibulare
&
Glandula
submandibularis
N hypoglossus
[Xll]*
Venteranterior
a M digastricus,
a M stylohyoideus
M mylohyoideus
I
Os hyoideum
Glandula
submandibularis
A : V laryngea
superior:
a o
N. laryngeus
superiorMembrana
thyrohyoidea
Cartilagothyroidea
Ventersuperior
a M omohyoideus,
a M sternohyoideus
a M thyrohyoideus
pharyngis
inferior
a l/. constrictor
(Lobuspyramidalis,
Var.)
M cricothyroideus
a
C M, sternothyroideus
Cartilagocricoidea
) 20!+,218,23r+,237
F i g . 2 0 0 V e s s e t sa n d n e r v e so f t h e t o n g u e ,L i n g u a ;
m a j o rs a I i v a r yg [ a n d s G
, t a n d u [ a sea t i v a r i a e
majores,
a n d [ a r y n x ,L a r y n x ;
a n t e r i o r - i n f e r i ovri e w .
T o p o g r a p h y|
0 rg a na re a s I S e cti o ns
Sativarygtands Topography
Vessels
and nervesof the
o M genioglossus
sublingualis
Glandula
A s u b l i n g u aal i s
O O A.;V sublingualis
N. sublingualis
&
linguae
O A. profunda
, N lingualis
N. lingualisa
linguae
a V profunda
M hyoglossus O
a M. styloglossus
A. profundalinguaea
a N hypoglossus
[Xll]
A sublingualis
a
O V lingualis
A lingualis
O
a M hyoglossus
a A. carotisexterna
superior,
o N laryngeus
R. internus
A thyroideasuperiorO
a Bifurcatiocarotidis
superior
a A laryngea
M. geniohyoideus
a
superior
o A. thyroidea
Os hyoideum
o A carotiscommunis
Membrana
thyrohyoidea
Cartilago
thyroidea
A thyroidea
superior,
a
R. glandularis
anterior
Glandula thyroidea,
Lobus sinister
M cricothyroideus
O
thyroideae
lsthmusglandulae
F i g , 2 0 1 V e s s e t sa n d n e r v e so f t h e t o n g u e ,
thyroidea;
Linguaa
, n d t h e t h y r o i dg t a n d ,G [ a n d u [ a
a n t e r i o r - i n f e r i ovri e w .
Surface lSketetonl Musctes
frontalsection
Falx cerebri
Spatiumsubarachnoideum
Sinussagittalis
superior
8 N. supraorbitalis,R medialis
Arachnoidea
matercranialis
Galea aponeurotica
R lateralis
o N. supraorbitalis,
Sinusfrontalis
a A supraorbitalis
Duramatercranialis
o N suoraorbitalis
suoerior
o M obliquus
M. temporalis
a
superioris,
o M levatorpalpebrae
M. rectussuperior
o A. lacrimalis
Cellulaeethmoidales
Glandula
lacrimalis
N opticusilll;
a
retinae
O a V;A centralis
Septumnasi
(Vll)
a R. zygomaticus
a M. rectuslateralis
a M rectusmedialis
Concha nasalis
inferior
Corpusadiposumorbitae
o M rectusinferior
A transversafacieia
a N infraorbitalis
R. buccalis(Vll)O
a M masseter
Densmolarisll
Sinusmaxillaris
A . ; V f a c i a l ios a
Ductusparotideus
Ductussubmandibularis
Glandula
sublingualis
a M buccinator
V;A.; N. alveolaris
inferjoro a a
Platysma
a
M. mylohyoideus
o
M. digastricus,
Venteranterioro
oaA;V. lingualis
a M. genioglossus
a M geniohyoideus
Fig.202 Fronta[sectionthroughthe head of a 48-year-otdmate
a t t h e [ e v e [o f t h e s e c o n du p p e rm o t a rt o o t h ;
a n t e r i o rv i e w .
Topography |
0rganareas
I Sections
Sinussagittalis
superior
Galeaaooneurotica
(Suturafrontalis)
Duramatercranialis;
Arachnoideamatercranialis
Falxcerebri
M. levatorpalpebraeO
supenofls
a M. rectusmedialis
Glandula
lacrimalis
Septumnasi
M. rectussuoerioro
Suturaf rontozygomatica
Conchanasalisinferior
M. obliquussuperiorO
molarisll
M. rectuslateralisa
Retina
Lingua
M. rectusinferiora
Corpusadiposumbuccae
Suturazygomaticomaxillaris
Ductussubmandibularis
M. massetera
N. infraorbitalis
o
Glandula
sublingualis
A. facialisa
inferior
a O O N.:A.:V.alveolaris
A. lingualis
O
O Platysma
M. genioglossus
a
M. geniohyoideus
o /
M. mylohyoideus
o
a M. digastricus,Venteranterior
F i g . 2 0 3 F r o n t a sl e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e h e a do f a n e o n a t e
at the [eve[of the secondupper molar tooth;
a n t e r i o rv i e w
Note the absenceof the maxittarysinus and the ctoseproximity
o f t h e t o o t ha n t a g et o t h e o r b i t .
> Neck
Sur facep . 32
Vot.l l
| Sk eteton
Musclesof theneckandtracheotomv
M mylohyoideus
G l a n d u lsau b m a n d i b u l a r i s
M digastricus,
Venterposterior
M masseter
parotidea
Glandula
Glandula
parotidea
l\4 digastricus
M. stylohyoideus
l\4 hyoglossus
M sternocleidomastoideus
M splenius
cervicis
M levatorscapulae
l\4 levatorscapulae
M sternohyoideus
M scalenusmedius
lvl longuscapitis
Lig thyrohyoideum
medianum
Cartilago
thyroidea
A carotiscommunis;
V jugularisinterna
M thyrohyoideus
lvl sternothyroideus
M . s c a l e n um
s edius
M omohyoideus,
Tendo
M omohyoideus
medianum
Lig.cricothyroideum
lvl cricothyroideus
Arcus cartilaginiscricoideae
Fascia cervicalis.Lamina oretrachealis
M sternohyoideus
Plexusbrachialis.
Parssuoraclavicularis
M. scalenusanterior
Glandula
thyroidea
M scalenusmedius
M omohyoideus,Venter inferior
M trapezius
M sternocleidomastoideus
Clavicula
l\4 deltoideus
M. pectoralismajor,
Pars clavicularis
lvl subclavius
lvl pectoralismajor,
Parsclavicularis
)T8,T9,T10,T11
F i g . 2 0 1 M u s c l e so f t h e n e c k ,M m . c o L [ i .
Os hyoideum
Cartilago thyroidea
Cartilago cricoidea
Glandula thyroidea,
Lobus sinister
V,jugularis
anterior
Arcusvenosus
jugularis.
F i g .2 0 5 S u r g i c aaI c c e s st o t h e t r a c h e a
w i t h t h e n e c kh y p e r e x t e n d e d .
* Coniotomy
* * U p p etrr a c h e o t o m
dt a n d J
l ayb o vteh ei s t h m uos f t h et h y r o i g
* * * L o w etrr a c h e o t o m
h ei s t h m uos f t h et h y r o i g
dt a n d )
{ bye L otw
Cervicalfascia
Ramusmandibulae
Proc styloideus
Fascia masseterica;
lvl masseter
M. styloglossus
Platysma
lvl digastricus,Venterposterior
M stylohyoideus,
Tendo
Fascia cervicalis
Lig stylohyoideum
Mandibula
M. sternocleidomastoideus
Fascia cervlcalis,Lamina superficialis
M mylohyoideus
M digastricus,
Venteranterior
M. stylohyoideus
Fascia cervicalis.Lamina suoerficialis
lvl omohyoideus,
Ventersuperior
M. omohyoideus
M, sternohyoideus
Fascia cervicalis,
Lamina supedicialis
Fascia cervicalis.Lamina Dretrachealis
M omohyoideus,
Venterinferior
Fascia cervicalis,
Lamina superficialis
Clavicula
Trigonum
omoclaviculare
Platysma
Trigonum
omoclaviculare
Trachea
V jugularis
externa
M sternocleidomastoideus
Fossasuoraclavicularis
minor
Fig. 206
C e r v i c a If a s c i a , F a s c i a c e r v i c a L i s .
F a s c i ac e r v i c a I i s
Yellow: Lamina superficialis
Red:
Laminapretrachealis
Green: Lamina prevertebralis
F i g . 2 0 7a , b
S c h e m ao f t h e c e r v i c afIa s c i a
a Transversesection
b M e d i a ns e c t i o n
SkeletonVo[.
Musclesof the neck
M stylohyoideus
Glandula parotidea
Lig stylohyoideum;
M stylopharyngeus
l\/ digastricus,Venterposterior
M sternocleidomastoideus
M semispinalis
capitis
M digastricus,
Venteranterior
M. spleniuscapitis
M mylohyoideus
Os hyoideum
lvl levatorscapulae
M omohyoideus,
Ventersuperior
M, scalenusanterior
M sternohyoideus
M scalenusmedius
M thyrohyoideus
M scalenusposterior
M constrictorpharyngisinferior
Glandula
thyroidea,
Lobussinister
M trapezius
M sternocleidomastoideus
Clavicula
M deltoideus
M. omohyoideus,
Venterinferior
lvl.pectoralismajor,
Parssternocostalis
, 11
) T 8 ,T 9 ,T 1 0 T
F i g .2 0 8 M u s c l e so f t h e n e c k ,M m . c o t l . i
Musclesof the neck
M longuscapitis
Os occipitale
M, rectuscapitisanterior
M rectuscapitislateralis
Proc.mastoideus
M. sternocleidomastoideus
M longissimus
capitis
M spleniuscapitis
M longuscapitis
Articulatioatlantoaxiallslateralis,
Capsulaarticularis
M. levatorscapulae
M scalenusmedius
M longuscolli
M longuscapitis
M scalenusmedius
M. scalenusmedius
M scalenus
anterior
M scalenusmedius
Tuberculum
anterius
M scalenusposterior
M. scalenusanterior
M scalenusmedius
M longus colli
sinistra
subclavia
A subclaviadextra
M scalenusanterior
M scalenusposterior
V subclavia
dextra
sinistra
A. carotiscommunis
A carotis
communis
dextra
V brachiocephalica
sinistra
F i g .2 0 9 P r e v e r t e b r amLu s c t e sa n d s c a l e n u sm u s c l e s ,
Mm.scaLeni.
| - V l l = F i r s tt o s e v e n t hc e r v i c avI e r t e b r a
1 - 3 = F i r s tt o t h i r d t h o r a c i cv e r t e b r a
SkeletonVot. ll
Skeletonof the Iarynx
Cornusuperius
Tuberculum
thyroideum
supeflus
Incisurathyroidea
supenor
Prominentia
laryngea
Cornusuperius
Tuberculum
thyroideum
supenus
Lamtna
dextra
Lineaobliqua
Prominentia
laryngea
Lamina
sinistra
Cornuinferius
Linea obliqua
Tuberculum
thyroideum
inferius
Laminasinistra
Tuberculum
thyroideum
inferius
lnclsura
thyroidea
inferior
F i g . 2 1 O T h y r o i dc a r t i t a g eC, a r t i t a g ot h y r o i d e a ;
viewedfrom the Left.
Cornuinferius
F i g . 2 1 1 T h y r o i dc a r t i L a g eC, a r t i t a g ot h y r o i d e a ;
v e n t r a Iv i e w .
Colliculus
Foveatriangularis
Cristaarcuata
Fovea
ooronga
Lig vocale
Proc vocalis;
Lig vocale
Proc
musculans
vd,
uragu
arytenoidea;
Articulatio
cricoaMenoidea
Arcus cartilaginiscricoideae
Fig.212 CartiLages
of the [arynx,
C a r t i [ a g i n e[sa r y n g i s ;
v e n t r o s u p e r i ovri e w .
Lamina cartilaginis
cricoideae
Fig.213 Cartilagesof the [arynx
C a r t i t ag i n e sL a r y nigs ;
dorsatview.
Cartilagoepiglottica
F i g . 2 1 1 C a r t i L a g eosf t h e [ a r y n x ,
C a r t i t a ign e s L a r y n g i s ;
viewedfrom the Left.
Facies articulares arytenoideae
Lamina cartilaginis
cricoideae
Faciesarticularis
thyroidea
F i g . 2 1 5 E p i g L o t t icca r t i l a g e ,
C a r t i t a g oe p i g t o t t i c;a
dorsaIview.
F i g . 2 1 6 C r i c o i dc a r t i t a g e ,
C a r t i t a gcor i c o i d e a ;
v e n t r o s u p e r i ovri e w .
Lamina cartilaginis
cricoideae
F i g .2 1 7 C r i c o i dc a r t i t a g e ,
C a r t i t a g oc r i c o i d e a ;
d o r s a Iv i e w .
Musc[es
Hyoidboneandskeleton
Os hyoideum,
Cornumajus
Os hyoideum.Cornu minus
Cartilagoepiglottica
Lig thyrohyoideumlaterale
var
uragu
u rueca
Membrana thyrohyoidea
thyroidea,
Cornusuperius
Cartilago
Lig thyrohyoideummedianum
Cartilagothyroidea,Lamina dextra
Incisura
thyroidea
superior
thyroidea,
Cornuinferius
Cartilago
Lig cricothyroideum
medianum
Capsulaarticularis
cricothyroidea
Arcuscartilaginis
cricoideae
Lig cricotracheale
Cartilaoines tracheales
Fig.218 Larynx,Larynx,
a n d h y o i db o n e ,0 s h y o i d e u m ;
ventraIview.
Os hyoideum,
Cornuminus
Cartilago epiglottica
Os hyoideum,
Cornumajus
Lig thyrohyoideumlaterale
Cartilago triticea
Membranathyrohyoidea
Corpus adiposum preepiglotticum
thyroidea,
Cornusuperius
Cartilago
Petiolus
epiglottidis
Cartilago
thyroidea,
Laminasinistra
Cartilagoarytenoidea
Lig cricoarytenoideum
CaDSUlaarticulariscricothvroidea
Lig cricotracheale
Cartilagines tracheales
Cartilagocorniculata
cricoarytenoidea
Capsulaarticularis
thyroidea,
Cornuinferius
Cartilago
Capsulaarticularis
cricothyroidea
Lig cricopharyngeum
Ligg anularia
Fig.219 Cartilageo
s f the [arynxC
, a r t i t a g i n elsa r y n g i s ,
a n d h y o i db o n e , 0 sh y o i d e u m ;
dorsaIview.
Sk eteton
ThyroidgLand Pharyn
andskeletonof
Os hyoideum
l\4embranathyrohyoidea
Cartilagoepiglottica
Lig thyrohyoideum
medianum
Petiolus
epiglottidis
Lig cricopharyngeum
Lig thyroepiglotticum
Cartilagines
aMenoideae
Cartilagothyroidea
Lig, vocale
Proc vocalis
Conuselasticus
Lig cricothyroideum
medianum
Lamina cartilaginiscricoideae
Arcuscartilaginis
cricoideae
Faciesarticularis
thyroidea
Cartilaoinestracheales
Fig.220 Larynx,Larynx,
a n d h y o i db o n e ,0 s h y o i d e u m ;
viewedfrom the Left.
Os hyoideum
Cartilago epiglottica
Lig hyoepiglotticum
Membrana thyrohyoidea
Bursa infrahyoidea
thyroidea,
Cornusuperius
Cartilago
Lig thyrohyoideum
medianum
Cartilagothyroidea, Lamina dextra
Corpusadiposumpreepiglotticum
Lig cricopharyngeum
Lig thyroepiglotticum
Cartilagoarytenoidea
Lig vestibulare
Lig cricoarytenoideum
Lig vocale
Lig cricopharyngeum
Lig cricothyroideum
medianum
Lamina cartilaginiscricoideae
Pharynx,
Tunicamucosa
Ligg anularia
Trachea, Paries membranaceus
Fig.221 Larynx,Larynx,
a n d h y o i db o n e ,0 s h y o i d e u m ;
m e d i a ns e c t i o n ;
mediaIview.
Musctes
Laryngealmuscles
Lamina cartilaginiscricoideae
Lig cricoarytenoideum
Cartilago
corniculata
Cartilago
thyroidea,
Cornusuperius
Proc.muscularis
]
Articulatio
cricothyroidea
Proc.vocalis
Conuselasticus
Arcuscartilaginis
cricoideae
I
)
Ca'lilagoaMenoidea
Conuselasticus
Lig. vocale
Cartilagothyroidea
Incisura
thyroidea
superior
F i g . 2 2 2 C a r t i t a g eo
s f the [arynxC
, a r t i L a g i n eLsa r y n g i s ,
a n d v o c a lt i g a m e n t L
, i g .voca|.e:
v e n t r o s u p e r i ovri e w .
a C r i c o t h y r o im
d u s c t e ,M . c r i c o t h y r o i d e u s
L a t e r a Ic r i c o - a r y t e n o im
duscte,
M . c r i c o a r y t e n o i d e u[ ast e r a t i s
F i g .2 2 3 a - d S c h e m as h o w i n gt h e f u n c t i o n s
o f t h e [ a r y n g e am
I u s c l e s ,M m . [ a r y n g i s ;
y e l t o wa r r o w s : t e n s i o no f t h e v o c a [[ i g a m e n t ;
r e da r r o w s :
m u s c t ec o n t r a c t i o n :
b I u ea r r o w s : d i r e c t i o no f r o t a t i o n :
0 b t i q u ea n d t r a n s v e r s ea r y t e n o i dm u s c l e s ,
M m . a r y t e n o i d eoi b t i q u u se t t r a n s v e r s u s
P o s t e r i ocrr i c o - a r y t e n omi du s c [ e ,
M .c r i c o a r y t e n o i d p
eo
us t e r i o r
en t h e r i g h t
t h e m u s c t e so n t h e l e f t a r e r e [ a x e d ; t h o s o
are contracted:
s u D e n o rv t e w .
> Neck
S k e l e t o nVot.l l
Thyroidgtand
Laryngealmuscles
Os hyoideum,
Cornumajus
Os hyoideum,
Cornuminus
Lig thyrohyoideumlaterale
Os hyoideum,
Corpus
Cartilago triticea
Membrana
thyrohyoidea
Cartilago
thyroidea,
Cornusuperius
Lig thyrohyoideum
medianum
Cartilagothyroidea.Lamina sinistra
Incisura
thyroidea
superior
Linea obliqua
Lig cricothyroideum
medianum
Cartilago
thyroidea,
Cornuinferius
Capsulaarticularis
cricothyroidea
Arcus cartilaginiscricoideae
M. cricothvroideus.
Parsrecta
Cartilaginestracheales
lM cricothyroideus,
Parsobliqua
Fig.221 Cricothyroid
muscte,
M .c r i c o t h y r o i d e u s ;
ventraL
viewfromthe Left.
Epiglottis
Os hyoideum,
Cornumajus
Os hyoideum
Cartilagotriticea
Lig hyoepiglotticum
Membrana thyrohyoidea
Cartilago
thyroidea,
Cornusuperius
Tuberculum
cuneiforme
Cartilago
corniculata
preepiglotticum
Corpusadiposum
lvl.thyroarytenoideus,
Parsthyroepiglottica
lvl arytenoideus
obliquus,
Parsaryepiglottica
M, thyroaMenoideus
Cartilagoarytenoidea
M arytenoideus
obliquus
M aMenoideus
transversus
M cricoarytenoideus
lateralis
posterior
M. cricoarytenoideus
Parsrecla
\
I
I M cricothyroideus
HarsoDilqua
J
Faciesarticularis
thyroidea
Cartilagotrachealis
Trachea,Pariesmembranaceus
Fig.225 LaryngeaIm u s c t e s M
, m.[aryngis;
d o r s a Iv i e wf r o m t h e r i gh t .
Pharyn
Laryngealmuscles
Epiglottis
Os hyoideum,
Cornumajus
Cartilago
triticea
Cartilago
thyroidea,
Cornusuperius
cuneiformis
Cartilago
M thyroarytenoideus,
Parsthyroepiglottica
M arytenoideus
obliquus,
Parsaryepiglottica
M thyroarytenoideus
corniculata
Cartilago
Cartilagoarytenoidea
l/ arytenoideus
obliquus
transversus
M, arvtenoideus
Cartilago
thyroidea,
Cornuinferius
Capsulaarticularis
cricothyroidea
M cricoaMenoideusposterior
Cartilagocricoidea,Lamina
Cartilagotrachealis
Trachea.
Pariesmembranaceus
Fig.226 Laryngeal
musctes,
Mm laryngis;
dorsaIview.
Os hyoideum,
Cornuminus
Os hyoideum,
Cornumajus
Epiglottis
Cartilagotriticea
Tuberculum
cuneiforme
Cadilagothyroidea,
Cornusuperius
Cartilago
cuneiformis
Tuberculum
epiglotticum
Canilago corniculata
Plicavestibularis
M aMenoideustransversus
Ventriculus
laryngis
Cartilagoarytenoidea
M arytenoideus
obliquus
Plica vocalis
M vocalis
M cricoaMenoideusoosterior
M. cricothyroideus
M cricoarvtenoideus
lateralis
Cartilagocricoidea,Lamina
Cartilagocricoidea,Lamina
Cartilagotrachealis
Fig.227 Larynx,Larynx;
s e c t i o n e df r o m d o r s a Li n t h e m e d i a np L a n e
a n d s e p a r a t e dw i t h h o o k s ;
d o r s a Iv i e w .
Thyroidgtand
Fig.228a, b Laryngoscopy.
a I n d i r e c[ ta r y n g o s c o p y
b D i r e c te, n d o s c o pLi ca r y n g o s c o p y
Rima glottidis
Plica vocalis
Plica vestibularis
Cartilago arytenoidea;
Cartilagocorniculata
Fig. 229 Direct[aryngoscopy;
r e s p i r a t o r yp o s i t i o n .
Recessus piriformis
tnctsura
interarytenoidea
Epiglottis
Ventriculis
laryngis
Plicavocalis
Rima glottidis
Plica vestibularis
Plicaaryepiglottica
Cartilagoarytenoidea;
Cartilago
corniculata
F i g . 2 3 0 D i r e c[ta r y n g o s c o p y ;
p h o n a t i opno s i t i o n .
Inctsura
interarytenoidea
Rimaglottidis,
Parsintermembranacea
Plicavestibularis
Fig.231 DirectLaryngoscopy;
w h i s p e r i npgo s i t i o n .
Pharynx
Musctes
0rgans
T o p o g ra p h y Sections
Lig.hyoepiglotticum
Badix linguae
Canilago epiglottica
preepiglotticum
Corpusadiposum
Os hyoideum
Bursainfrahyoidea
Vestibulum
laryngis
Lig thyrohyoideummedianum
Lig.thyroepiglotticum
Cartilago
thyroidea
Ventriculus
laryngis
Plicavestibularis
Ventriculus
laryngis
Cavitasinfraglottica
Lamina cartilaginiscricoideae
Plica vocalis
Conuselasticus
Lig cricothyroideum
medianum
Tunicamucosa
Arcuscartilaginis
cricoideae
Trachea,
Pariesmembranaceus
Cartilagines
tracheales
(Spatium
oesophagotracheale)
lsthmusglandulae
thyroideae
Trachea
Fig.232 Larynx,Larynx.
Radix linguae
Lig hyoepiglotticum
preepiglotticum
Corpusadiposum
Os hyoideum
Lig.thyrohyoideum
medianum
Lig thyroepiglotticum
l\4 arytenoideus
transversus
Cartilago
thyroidea
Lamina cartilaginiscricoideae
Arcus cartilaginiscricoideae
Cartilagines tracheales
Fig.233 Larynx,Larynx;
p o s i t i oonf t h ee p i g t o t t d
i su r i n gs w a t t o w i n g .
Sur facep . 32
Vot.l l
| Sk eteton
Pharynx
Arteriesand
Rr linguales
I
Papillaevallatae
N glossopharyngeus
ilXl *
a N. glossopharyngeus
lxl
A palatinaascendens, R tonsillariso
a Rr tonsillares
palatina
Tonsilla
Os hyoideum,
Cornumajus
Epiglottis
N. laryngeus
superior*
Valleculaepiglottica
A. laryngea
superior
a
Cartilago
thyroidea,
Cornusuperius
superior,
Rr interni
a N laryngeus
Adituslaryngis
Incisura
interarytenoidea
obliquus
o M. aMenoideus
Cartilagothyroidea,Lamina sinistra
Cartilago
thyroidea,
Cornuinferius
posterior
a L4 cricoarytenoideus
thyroidea
Glandula
A laryngea
inferior
a
parathyroidea
Glandula
superior
Rr tracheales
a
0
A thyroidea interiorO
parathyroidea
inferior
Glandula
N laryngeus
recurrens,
Br oesophageales
{}
recurrens
* N laryngeus
Fig.231 Arteries and nervesof the [arynx,Larynx.
a n dt h e r o o to f t h e t o n g u e R
, a d i xI i n g u a e
Musctes
0 r g an s
Topography
Sections
Larynx,transversesections
Sacculus
laryngis
Sacculuslaryngis
Ventriculus
laryngis
Glandulae laryngeales
Plica vocalis
M thyroarytenoideus
{t
Rima glottidis
superior,
R internus
, N laryngeus
l\4 vocalis &
superior
a A laryngea
superiores
a W laryngeae
^^*ir^^^
varurd9u
thyroidea,
Laminasinistra
Plica vestibularis
CartilagoaMenoidea
'.-fi.'n+
Recessus
piriformis
*^^t'.
Cavitas pharyngis
j
lvl constrictorpharyngis{r
medtus
pharyngis
M constrictor
&
interior
Mm arytenoidei
*
transversus
et obliqui
Plexusvenosuspharyngeus
F i g . 2 3 5 L a r y n x ,L a r y n x .
T h ew h i t e a r r o w i n d i c a t e st h e c o n n e c t i o n
between
t h e [ a r y n g e avI e n t r i c L ae n d t h e [ a r y n g e asI a c c u l e .
Lig vocale
a M vocalis
a l\4 thyroarytenoideus
N laryngeus
superior
A laryngea
superiora
Cartilagoarytenoidea
W laryngeae
superiores
o
ArticulatiocricoaMenoidea
Cartilagothyroidea,
Lamina sinistra
Cavitaspharyngis
piriformis
Recessus
Tunicamucosa
M cricoaMenoideus i
posterior
o l\4 constrictorpharyngisinferior
Fig.236 Larynx,Larynx.
Sur facep . 32
Vot.l l
| Sk eteton
Thyroidgtand
C o r n um i n u s
Corpus
Os hyoideum,
Cornumajus
thyrohyoidea
Membrana
Cartilago
thyroidea,
Cornusuperius
Prominentia
laryngea
Cartilagothyroidea, Lamina dextra
medianum
Lig.cricothyroideum
thyroidea,
Lobussinister
Glandula
lsthmusglandulae
thyroideae
Fig.237 Thyroidgtand,Gtandutathyroidea,
and [arynx,Larynx.
Os hyoideum,
Corpus
Bursaeinfrahyoideae
Lig,thyrohyoideum
medianum
Cartilago
thyroidea,
Laminadextra
Lig cricothyroideummedianum
Glandula
thyroidea,
Lobusdexter
Cartilagotriticea
Membrana
thyrohyoidea
(Lobuspyramidalis,
Var)
Glandula
thyroidea;
M cricothyroideus
Lobussinister
Glandula
thyroidea,
lsthmusglandulae
thyroideae
, [anduta
F i g . 2 3 8 T h y r o i dg L a n dG
thyroidea,
a n d [ a r y n x ,L a r y n x .
Pharynx
Mus c t e s
0 r g an s
T o p o g ra p h y Sections
Thyroidgland,sections
Plexusthyroideus
impara
lsthmusglandulae
thyroideae
Fascia cervicalis.Lamina suoerficialis
Fascia cervicalis,Lamina pretrachealis
a Platysma
anterior
o V jugularis
Cartilagotrachealis
a M. sternohyoideus
Glandula thyroidea,
Lobus sinister
a lvl sternothyroideus
O M sternocleidomastoideus
Trachea
R cardiacus ceruicalis,:
supenor
Oesophagus
recurrens
& N, laryngeus
Glandula parathyroidea
inlerior
interna
O V jugularis
o A carotiscommunis
Ganglion ceruico- :t
thoracicum lstellatum]
& N vagus[X]
l\/ longus colli a
M scalenus anterior a
Truncusjugularis
dexter
l\4 scalenus medius o
aaA;Vvertebralis
Fascia cervicalis,Lamina prevertebralis
Pariesmembranaceus
Vertebra
Vll
cervicalis
inferior
a A thyroidea
F i g . 2 3 9 T h y r o i dg L a n dG
, L a n d u |t.hay r o i d e a ;
h o r i z o n t asLe c t i o n .
Cartilago epiglottica
Vestibulum
laryngis
Os hyoideum
lvlembrana thyrohyoidea
M arytenoideus
obliquus,
Parsaryepiglottica
I
Sacculus
laryngis
quadrangularis
Membrana
l\/ thyrohyoideus
Fascla cervicalis,
Lamina pretrachealis
Plica vestibularis
Lig vestibulare
Plica vocalis
Rima vestibuli
Ventriculuslaryngis
lvl constrictorpharyngis
inferior,
Parsthyropharyngea
Cartilagothyroidea
M sternothyroideus
Lig vocale
A; V thyroidea
superior
M cricoarytenoideus
lateralis
Bima glottidis
lvl vocalis
Cavitas infraglottica
l\4 cricothyroideus
Cartilagocricoidea
Conuselasticus
Lig cricotracheale
Glandula thyroidea
Cartilagotrachealis
Trachea
parathyroidea
Glandula
interior
F i g . 2 t 0 T h y r o i dg [ a n d ,G L a n d u It.hay r o i d e a ;
f r o n t a Is e c t i o n .
Surfacep. 32
Vot.ll
| Skel.eton
Thyroidgtand
* N. hypoglossus
[Xll]
s u b l i n g u aO
lis
o V lingualis
A lingualis
a
a M hyoglossus
a A carotisexlerna
M hyoglossus
a
superior,
& N laryngeus
R internus
A thyroidea
superiora
carotidis
a Bifurcatio
A carotisexternaa)
superior
a A laryngea
l\il geniohyoideus
a
OA thyroidea supenor
Os hyoideum
O A carotiscommunis
lvlembrana
thyrohyoidea
Glandula thyroidea,
Lobus dexter
A. thyroidea
superior,
a
R glandularis
anterior
M cricothyroideus
a
thyroidea
Cartilago
Glandula thyroidea,
Lobus sinister
Lig cricothyroideummedianum
lsthmus glandulaethyroideae
F i g . 2 1 1 V e s s e l sa n d n e r v e so f t h e t h y r o i dg L a n d ,
G t a n d u Ltah y r o i d e aa, n d t h e [ a r y n x ,L a r y n x .
Cutis
Mm infrahyoidei
thyroideae
lsthmusglandulae
Cartilago
trachealis
Fascia ceruicalis,
Lamina pretrachealis
Glandulathyroidea,
Lobus dexter
A carotis
communts
l\4 longus colli
Vertebra
Vll
cervicalis
F i g . 2 1 2 T h y r o i dg t a n d ,G t a n d u t a
thyroidea;
o b I i q u eu t t r a s o u n di m a g ei n v e n t r o d o r s adLi r e c t i o n ;
i n f e r i o rv i e w I r i g h t ,2 0 0 % )
* U l t r a s o u nsdh a d o w
o f t h et r a c h e a
Pharynx
Pathological
enlargement
of the thyroidgland
F i g . 2 1 3 T h y r o i dg L a n dG
, [anduta
thyroidea;
e n [ a r g e m e not f t h e t h y r o i dg l a n dw i t h t h r e eo b v i o u sn o d e s ,S t r u m an o d o s a .
Mm intrahyoidei
V jugularis
externa
Trachea
Corpusvertebrae
Costa
[/ erectorspinae
Proc.spinosus
* N o d e o f t h e t h y r o i dg t a n d
Fig.21t+ Neck,Cottum;
c o m p u t e dt o m o g r a p h i c( C T ls e c t i o n ;
inferiorview.
T h et r a c h e ai s d i s p L a c etdo w a r d st h e r i g h t b y a p a t h o l o g i c a l et yn t a r g e d
n o d eo f t h e t h y r o i dg l . a n d .
Mandibula
Claviculadextra
V jugularis
CostaI
Manubrium
sterni
Clavicula
sinistra
* N o d e o f t h e t h y r o i dg t a n d
Fig.245 Neck,Cotlum;
3 - d i m e n s i o n ar Ie c o n s t r u c t i ofnr o m c o m p u t e dt o m o g r a p h i c( C T )s e c t i o n s
s h o w i n ga h e a v i Leyn t a r g e d[ e f t [ o b eo f t h e t h y r o i dg l a n d ;
s a m e p a t i e n ta s i n F i 1 . 2 4 4 .
> Neck
Sketeton
section
Nasalandpharyngealcavity,paramedian
Os nasale
Sinussphenoidalis
Alavomerissinistra
tubaeauditivae;
Ostiumpharyngeum
Torustubarius
Septumnasi
Plica salpingopalatina
Tonsillapharyngea
Toruslevatorius
Corpus
Os sphenoidale,
Vestibulum
nasi
Plica salpingopharyngea
Atlas[C l]
Palatum molle
Arcuspalatopharyngeus
lvl genioglossusI
Os occipitale
Lig,transversum
atlantis
Mandibula
palatina
Tonsilla
M geniohyoideusa
Pharynx
Spatiumretropharyngeum
M mylohyoideus
o
Os hyoideum
Tuberculum
cuneiforme
Lig thyrohyoideummedianum
Lig hyoepiglotticum
Cartilagoepiglottica
Tuberculum
corniculatum
Corpus adiposum preepiglotticum
Lig longitudinaleposterius
Lig thyroepiglotticum
cricoideae
Laminacartilaginis
thyroidea
Cartilago
Plicavestibularis;
Plicavocalis
Spatiumepidurale
(A ; V thyroidea
cricothyroideus
superior);
a o
Lig cricothyroideum
medianum
Duramaterspinalis
Arcus cartilaginiscricoideae
Lig longitudinale
anterius
Fascia ceruicalis,Lamina superficialis
Fascia cervicalis,
Lamina prevertebralis
Fascia ceruicalis,Lamina pretrachealis
lsthmusglandulae
thyroldeae
(Spatium
retrooesophageum)
V thyroidea
inferiora
Oesophagus
Arcusvenosusjugulariso
(Spatiumoesophagotracheale)
M sternothyroideus
I
Manubrium
sterni
V brachiocephalicasinistra a
Trachea
a Truncusbrachiocephalicus
Nodus lymphoideuscervicalisanterior
F i g , 2 t 6 N a s a Ic a v i t yC
, a v i t a sn a s i ;
, harynx,
o r a I c a v i t yC
, a v i t a so r i s ; p h a r y n x P
a n d [ a r y n x ,L a r y n x ;
paramedian
section.
Proc.pterygoideus,
Laminalateralis
M zygomaticusmajor
Arcuszygomaticus
M. procerus
M. tensor veli Dalatini
M. levatorveli palatini
Fasciapharyngobasilaris
M levator
labiisuperioris
alaequenasi
M. stylohyoideus
M. levator
labiisuperioris
Condylus
occipitalis
M. zygomaticus
minor
Proc
mastoideus
M levatorangulioris
M. digastricus,
Venterposterior
Proc.styloideus
Hamuluspterygoideus
Lig stylohyoideum
Raphepterygomandibularis
Ductusparotideus;
M. buccinator
M. orbicularis
oris,
Parslabialis
M. styloglossus
M. stylopharyngeus
M. depressor
angulioris
M. digastricus,Venterposteriot
Parschondropharyngea
constrictor
I M.
l pnaryngrs
Parsceratopharyngea., medius
M mentalis
Platysma
M. stylohyoideus
Os hyoideum,Cornumajus
M. mylohyoideus
A.; V. laryngea
superior;
N. laryngeus
superior
M. digastricus,Venteranterior
M. hyoglossus
Membranathyrohyoidea
M. sternohyoideus
M. constrictorpharyngisinferior,
Parsthyropharyngea
M. omohyoideus
M. thyrohyoideus
M. constrictorpharyngisinterior,
Parscricopharyngea
Carlilagothyroidea,
Laminasinistra
Parsrecta
f
M. cricothyroideus .l pars obliqua
Oesophagus
Cartilagotrachealis
\
'I Parspterygopharyngea
I
2 Parsbuccopharyngea [
J
eari myiopharyig6a
I
Parsglossopharyngea I
F i g , 2 4 7 P h a r y n g em
a lu s c t e sM, m .p h a r y n g i s ,
a n df a c i am
[ u s c l e sM. m .f a c i e i .
^,
M' ,constrictorpharyngissuperior
> Neck
Pharyngeal
muscles
Synchondrosis
petrooccipitalis
M levator
velipalatini
(Fasciculus
muscularis
accessorius)
Li9.sphenomandibulare
Proc.styloideus
M. constrictor
pharyngis
superior,
Parspterygopharyngea
M stylohyoideus
M digastricus,Venterposterior
M constrictorpharyngissuperior,
Parsbuccopharyngea
Lig. stylohyoideum
M stylohyoideus
M. pterygoideus
medialis
M. stylopharyngeus
M styloglossus
Lig.stylomandibulare
M constrictorpharyngissuperior,
Parsmylopharyngea
parotidea
Glandula
M. digastricus,Venterposterior
M. pterygoideus
medialis
M pterygoideus
medialis
Mandibula
M. stylohyoideus
Glandula
submandibularis
M. styloglossus
M. digastricus,Venterposterior
M stylohyoideus
Os hyoideum,
Cornumajus
M constrictorpharyngissuperior,
Parsglossopharyngea
M constrictorpharyngismedius,
Parschondropharyngea
M constrictorpharyngismedius,Parsceratopharyngea
Raphepharyngis
M. constrictorpharyngisinferior,Parsthyropharyngea
M. constrictorpharyngisinferior,Parscricopharyngea
Glandula
thyroidea,
Lobussinister
Tunicamuscularis
Oesophagus,
Glandulathvroidea.Lobusdexter
Glandulaeparathyroideae
superioret inlerior
superioret inferior
Glandulaeparathyroideae
Tunicamuscularis
Oesophagus,
F i g . 2 4 8 P h a r y n g em
a tu s c t e sM, m .p h a r y n g i s
Musctes
lnnercontourof thepharynx
Concha nasalis
media
petrooccipitalis
Synchondrosis
pharyngea
Tonsilla
Concha nasalis inlerior
M levator
veli palatini
Becessus
pnaryngeus
Proc.styloideus
Torustubarius
lvl digastricus,'
Venterposterior
Ostiumpharyngeum
tubaeauditivae
Glandula parotidea
Plica salpingopalatina
Noduli lymphoideipharyngeales
Toruslevatorius
Palatum molle
[Velum palatinum]
medialis
M pterygoideus
Lig. stylomandibulare
Arcuspalatopharyngeus
Plicasalpingopharyngea
Uvula palatina
pharyngeales
Glandulae
Glandula
submandibularis
Septumnasi
Lingua, Papillaevallatae
palatina
Radix linguae; Papillaevallatae
(Plica pharyngoepiglottica)
Os hyoideum,Cornumajus
Epiglottis
thyroidea,
Cornusuperius
Plica aryepiglottica
Plicaneruilaryngeisuperioris
Tuberculumcuneiforme;
Cartilago cuneiformis
interaMenoidea
Incisura
Tuberculumcorniculatum;
Cartilago corniculata
Glandulae parathyroideae inferiores
Levels of the pharynx;
A N a s o p h a r y n xP, a r sn a s a t i sp h a r y n g i s
B 0 r o p h a r y n xP, a r so r a t i sp h a r y n g i s
C L a r y n g o p h a r y nhx y, p o p h a r y n x ,
P a r s[ a r y n g e ap h a r y n g i s
A; V. thyroideainferior
Pharynx.
Fig.219 Pharynx,
N. maxillaris[V/2]
I
N glossopharyngeus
[X]
N vagus[X]
, harynx.
n f t h e p h a r y n xP
F i g .2 5 0 S e n s i b l ei n n e r v a t i o o
Sk eteton
theparapharyngeal
space
N vagus[X] ,
N, glossopharyngeus
lXl *r
Bulbussuperioro
venaejugularis
S i n u sa
Iransversus
S i n u so -
,: N accessorius
[Xl],R internus
pharyngis
superior
N M constrictor
a W pharyngeae
jugulare
Foramen
t
i
Os
temporale
sigmoideus
Ganglion
supeflus
a A meningea
posterior
carotisinternaa
R auricularis
i, N caroticus
internus
& Ganglioninferius
(tx)
Proc mastordeus
N accessorius
[Xl],it
R externus
a A carotisinterna
Proc styloideus
inferius(X)
a Ganglion
N hypoglossus[Xll] '
x N jugularis(Truncus
sympathicus)
Bamusmandibulae
M stylopharyngeuso
N, glossopharyngeus
lXl *
cervicale
superius
& Ganglion
(Truncus
sympathicus)
R pharyngealis
{}
o A pharyngeaascendens
M digastricus,
Venterposterior
t
N laryngeus
superiort
$ N glossopharyngeus
lxl
A carotisexternaa)
O A palatinaascendens
,r
B pharyngealis
o A facialis
a A lingualis
A lacialis a
A lingualis
a
O A carotisexterna
laryngeus
superior,
R, externus&
N laryngeus
superior,
R internus,,
superior
a A thyroidea
pharyngis
l\4 constrictor
mediusA
cervicalis
superior
* N cardiacus
(Truncus
sympathicus)
A thyroidea
superiora
o V jugularisinterna
O R, pharyngealis
Rr pharyngeales*
*] N vagus[X]
a A carotiscommunis
M constrictorpharyngisinferior0
communis
$ Plexuscaroticus
& Truncussympathicus
a Bulbusinferiorvenaejugularis
Glandula thyroidea
O B pharyngealis
r&Ganglion
cervicale
medium
A, thyroidea
inferiora
* Ganglion cervicothoracicum[stellatum]
R cardiacusceruicalissuDerior '
Oesophagus
., N cardiacuscervicalismedius
(Truncussympathicus)
252
Fig,251 VesseLs
and nervesof the pharynx,Pharynx,
I a c e ,S p a t i u ml a t e r o p h a r y n g e u m .
a n dt h e p a r a p h a r y n g e a
sp
n*
Musctes
Vessels
and ne
Tonsillapharyngea
Truncusneruiaccessorii,
R internus
Fascia
pharyngobasilaris
N vagus[X] ,
N glossopharyngeus
Itxl
Sinustransversus
O
Cartilagotubae auditivae;
Ostium pharyngeumtubae auditivae
s N vagus[X]
, N hypoglossus
[XIl]
t N accessorius[Xl]
a Bulbussuperior
venaejugularis
I
S i n u ss i g m o i d e uos
a A carotisinterna
, N accessorius
[Xl],
R externus
Ganglion inferius(X) :
a A occipitalis
N hypoglossus[Xll]
Proc mastoideus
Torus tubarius
cervicale
superius
*. Ganglion
(Truncus
sympathicus)
M digastricus,S
Venter posterior
g M tensorvelipalatini
M uvulae&
pharyngis
6 M constrictor
supeflor
t M salpingopharyngeus
Plica salpingopharyngea
0 M palatopharyngeus
Tonsillapaiatina
Arcuspalatopharyngeus
Sulcusterminalis
Dorsumlinguae,
Parsposterior
Plica aryepiglottica
Cartilagothyroidea,
Cornu superius
Epiglottis
N laryngeus
superior;
s
o o A ; V laryngeasuperior
Tuberculum
cuneiforme
Tuberculum
corniculatum
piriformis,
Recessus
Plicaneruilaryngei
superioris
& N vagus[X]
transversus;
a M. aMenoideus
M. aMenoideus
obliquus
posterior
o M cricoarytenoideus
N vagus[X] .
E Truncussympathicus,
Plexuscaroticus
communis
Oesophagus,
Tunicamuscularis
thyroidea
Glandula
Ganglion
cervicale
medium.
parathyroidea
inlerior
Glandula
A thyroidea
inferiora
a Truncusthyrocervicalis
Bulbusinferioro
venaejugularis
s N vagus[Xl,
R cardiacus
cervicalis
superior
o Bulbusinferiorvenaejugularis
Truncus
thyroceruicalis
a
Ganglion cervicothoracicum
a A subclavia
[stellatum]
a V subclavia
A;Vsubclaviaaa
{r N vagus[X]
V brachiocephalicasinistra a
recurrens
, N laryngeus
A carotiscommunisa
a V brachiocephalicadextra
N laryngeus
recurrensi
Trachea,Pariesmembranaceus
N vagus[X] ,
Parsdescendensaortaea
a Truncusbrachiocephalicus
o V cavasuperior
231+
Fig.252 Vesselsand nervesof the pharynx,Pharynx,
a n dt h e p a r a p h a r y n g e a
I a c eS
sp
, p a t i u ml a t e r o p h a r y n g e u m
251
937
Sk eteton
Vo[.
/esse/sandnervesof the neck
a V auricularisoosterior
'J N auricularisposterior(Vll)
o A. auricularis
oosterior
a M epicranius,
M occipitofrontalis,
Venteroccipitalis
parotidea
Glandula
N auricularis
magnus,,
Rr posteriores
.A
occipitalis
V jugularis
externao
a V occipitalis
transversus
colli,,
Rr superiores
* N occipitalis
maJor
.' N occipitalisminor
s M sternocleidomastoideus
magnus
$ N auricularis
Platysma f
e M levatorscapulae
* N accessorius
[xl]
* lvl trapezius
t Nn supraclaviculares
laterales
F i g .2 5 3 V e s s e t sa n d n e r v e so f t h e a n t e r i o ra n d t h e l a t e r a Ir e g i o n
o f t h e n e c k ,R e g i o n e sc e r v i c a t eas n t e r i o re t L a t e r a I i s ;
superficia[layer.
Muscles
Vessels
and
a V auricularisDosterior
& N occipitalisminor
Platysma
a
O A occipitalis
a V occipitalis
V tacialis O
N lacialis [Vll], R colli €
a N occipitalis major
V retromandibularis
O
magnus
I N auricularis
R communicans
s
O M. spleniuscapitis
a M levatorscapulae
O M. trapezius
V jugularis
externaa
N transversus
colli6
V jugularis
anteriorO
a N. accessorius[Xll
Nodi lymphoidei cervicales
laterales. Nodi superficiales
a Nn supraclaviculares
laterales
o M omohyoideus
I Plexus brachialis
M sternocleidomastoideus
o
a V transversacolli
Arcusvenosusjugularisa
Nn supraclaviculares
r,
mediales
I Nn supraclaviculares
intermedii
121
Fig.251 Vessetsand nervesof the lateraI regionof the neck,
R e g i oc e r v i c a t i lsa t e r a t i s ;
parts of the ptatysmahavebeen reftectedcraniattyand the
superficiallayer of the cervicaIfasciahas been [argetyremoved
253
255
> Neck
Skel.eton
/esselsand nervesof theneck
V jugularis
internaa
posterior
a V auricularis
V retromandibularis
o
N facialis [Vll], R c o l l i
V facialis o
.. N occipitalisminor
aaA:V
Glandula
submandibularis
occioitalis
,* N occipitalis
maJor
M digastricus,
*
Venteranterior
R suprahyoideus
a
(A lingualis)
R. infrahyoideus
a
(A thyroidea
superior)
S M sternocleidomastoideus
A carotisexlernaO
capitis
* M splenius
A laryngea
superiorO
, Plexuscervicalis
A thyroidea superior O
*' N. accessorius
[Xl]
A carotiscommunis
a
Truncussuoerior
*, Plexusbrachialis,
N vagus[X] ,,
colli,
a A. transversa
R superficialis
M omohyoideus,
c
Ventersuperior
i M omohyoideus,
Venter inferior
l\4 sternohyoideus
6
Clavicula
Ansaceruicalis,
;
Radixsuperior
(Plexuscervicalis)
a A transversa
colli,
R profundus
lvl sternothyroideus
*
l\4 scalenusanterior*
V jugularis
externao
a M deltoideus
A suprascapularis
a
O V cephalica
A subclaviaa
M pectoralismajor fl
A transversacolli a
a A thoracoacromialis,
R deltoideus
., Plexus brachialis,
Pars supraclavicularis
21
t{,
25t,
t
F i g . 2 5 5 V e s s e t sa n d n e r v e so f t h e a n t e r i o ra n d t h e L a t e r arIe g i o n
o f t h e n e c k ,R e g i o n e sc e r v i c a L easn t e r i o re t [ a t e r a t i s ;
t h e s u p e r f i c i aal n d t h e m i d d t e[ a y e ro f t h e c e r v i c a I f a s c r a
h a v eb e e nr e m o v e d .
Musctes
0rgans
Topography
S ections
lvl digastricus,
*
Venterposterior
. V retromandibularis
, N cervicalis [C2] R anterior
N hypoglossus
[Xll]
Glandula
submandibularis
posterior
a A auricularis
V.submentaliso. A
posterior
(N,facialis)
* N auricularis
N mylohyoideus
A submentalis
O
0 M sternocleidomastoideus
lvl stylohyoideus
*
M digastricus,
*
Venteranterior
minor
a N occipitalis
M mylohyoideusC
A lingualiso
V lacialis a
* N accessorius
[Xl]
A carotisexternaO
A laryngea
superiora
Ansacervicalis,
Badixsuperior.
a N cervicalis [C3], R anterior
A thyroidea superiora
I N cervicalis [C4], R. anterior
R sternocleidomastoideusa
V thyroidea
superiora
& Ansa cervicalis,Radix inferior
* Plexus brachialis,Truncus suoerior
A cervicalis
ascendens
O
colli,R superficialis
a A transversa
s M trapezius
l\4 omohyoideus
e
a M omohyoideus,
Venterinferior
Glandula
thyroidea
oA transversacolli,
R profundus
(A cervicalis
a
superticialis,
Var)
a A subclavia
N p h r e n i c u s.
externa
o V jugularis
M scalenusanteriore
o V,subclavia
Bulbusinleriora
venaejugularis
C M pectoralis
mrnor
carotiscommunis
a)
a l\il deltoideus
vagus[X] ,
a a A ; V thoracoacromialis
a V cephalica
M sternocleidomastoideus*
257
F i g . 2 5 6 V e s s e [ sa n d n e r v e so f t h e [ a t e r a Ir e g i o no f t h e n e c k ,
R e g i oc e r v i c a I i L
sateratis;
a f t e r a I m o s tc o m p L e t ree m o v a L otfh e s t e r n o c l e i d o m a s t o i d
muscLe.
255
> Neck
Ske[eton
/esselsandnervesof the neck
, N hypoglossus
[Xll]
o V retromandibularis
interna
a V jugularis
B sternocleidomastoideusa
(A occipitalis)
A facialisa
s l\4 sternocleidomastoideus
Platysma t
lvl mylohyoideus*
O A occipitalis
N mylohyoideus
* M spleniuscapitis
A submentalis
a
M digastricus,
S
Venteranterior
occipitalis
Glandula
submandibularis
A carotis externa O
ar N accessorius[Xl]
N laryngeussuperior
A carotis interna a
A laryngeasuperior a
A thyroidea superiora
& M levatorscapulae
N vagus [X] ,,
i N ceruicalis[C5], R anterior
M omohyoideus,*
Venter superior
I N ceruicalis[C6], B anterior
a (A ceruicalissuperficialis,Var )
A carotiscommunis
O
;, N cervicalis[C7], R anterior
e l\il omohyoideus, Venter inferior
Ansacervicalis
(Plexuscervicalis)
a A suprascapularis
A thyroidea
inleriora
A cervicalisO
ascendens
o M deltoideus
Glandula thyroidea
A vertebralis,
a
Parsprevertebralis
N phrenicus,
Truncus
thyrocervicalis
a
A subclavia
O
A thoracica
internaa
,; Plexus brachialis,
Pars infraclavicularis
V jugularisinternaa
o A axillaris
V brachioceohalicasinistra a
O A thoracoacromialis
V jugularis
externaa
I M pectoralisminor
lvl pectoralismajor, Pars clavicularis*
o V axillaris
t
t
256
o V cephalica
Fig.257 Vessetsand nervesof the LateraIregionof the neck,
R e g i oc e r v i c a t i [sa t e r a L i s ;
oeep rayer.
l l: -lil- r:l
Musctes
Vessels
N vagus [X]
N mylohyoideus
N hypoglossus
[Xll] .
A facialisO
interna
a V jugularis
(Truncus
sympathicus)
Rr communicantes
a A occipitalis
A submentalis
a
o R mastoideus
A carotis externa a
N occipitalisminor
A carotisinternaa
Ganglion
ceruicale
superius;
(Truncus
sympathicus)
I N occipitalis
malor
M omohyoideus,Venter superior
i N accessorius
lxtl
A thyroideasuperiora
lvl sternohyoideus&
a A cervicalis
ascendens
R cardiacus
cervicalissuperior (N vagus)
, N phrenicus
Ansa ceruicalis,Radix superior
(Plexus ceruicalis)
M constrictorpharyngisinferior.&
N cardiacus
ceruicalis
superior
M sternothyroideus
&
Var)
superficialis,
O (A ceruicalis
(Ganglion
sympathicum
accessonum)
anterior
* M scalenus
V thyroidea
superiora
A thyroidea
inferiora
,* N suprascapularis
Ganglion
cervicale
medium
TruncusO
thyroceruicalis
a A suDrascaDularis
Clavicula
A subclavia
a
A thoracica
internaa
,
N laryngeus
recurrens
a R acromialis
(A thoracoacromialis)
Trachea
V thyroidea
inferioro
A M deltoideus
N cardiacus
ceruicalis
medius(Truncus
sympathicus)
* M pectoralis
minor,Tendo
V vertebralis,
o
Pars
prevertebralis
a A axillaris
A carotiscommunis
o
O A, thoracoacromialis
V j u g u l a r i sn t e r n o
a
V brachio-O
cephalicasinistra
a V cephalica
V jugularis
externaa
, Plexus brachialis,
Pars infraclavicularis,
Fasciculusmedialis
M pectoralismajor6
CostaI
N pectoralismedialis
a V axillaris
: N intercostobrachialis
,, N thoracodorsalis
M pectoralis*
mtnor
V cephalicao
A ; V thoracica
lateralis
o a
longus
: N thoracicus
a W thoracoepigastricae
F i g .2 5 8 V e s s e t sa n d n e r v e so f t h e l a t e r a lr e g i o no f t h e n e c k ,
R e g i oc e r v i c a L li a
s t e r a t i sa, n d t h e a x i t l a r yr e g i o n ,R e g i oa x i t l a r i s .
T h e n u m b e r sV - V l l l i n d i c a t ev e n t r a Lb r a n c h e so f t h e
c o r r e s p o n d i ncge r v i c a nI e r v e s
Sk eteton
of the neck
l\4 digastricus,
Venteranteriore
V,jugularis
anteriorO
s lV mylohyoideus
s M hyoglossus
a V submentalis
V submentalis
o
a A facialis
G l a n d u lsau b m a n d i b u l a r i s
/
,z
oY.facialis
V facialis a
,, N hypoglossus
[Xll]
V retromandibularis
o
Glandula
parotidea
M stylohyoideus
*
o V facialis
V occipitalis
o
a V occipitalis
V facialisa
V jugularis
internao
Prominentia
laryngea
V thyroidea
superiorO
superior
O V thyroidea
V jugularis
externao
f M sternocleidomastoideus
Radixsuoerior
&.Ansaceruicalis.
A carotiscommunis
al
(Plexus cervicalis)
o V, jugularis interna
l\4 sternocleidomastoideusB
lsthmusglandulae
thyroideae
V cervicalis
suoerticialis
o
externa
a V jugularis
anterior
o V jugularis
V transversa
collia
lV omohyoideus,s
Venter inlerior
& M omohyoideus
& M. trapezius
V cephalica a
M pectoralismajor 6
o V cephalica
a M pectoralis
maJor
(A thoracica
R perforans
interna)a
R cutaneus
anteriorDectoralis
,
Rr perforantes(A; V thoracica interna)a a
V thyroidea inferiora
a V thoracoacromialis
o V axillaris
* lvl sternocleidomastoideus
O Arcusvenosusjugularis
F i g .2 5 9 V e i n so f t h e n e c k ,C o t l u m .
Musctes
Vessels
andnervesof the neckand the upperthoracicaperture
Venteranterior
* N4digastricus,
Os hyoideum
mylohyoideus
a l\/1.
Venteranterior
f N lingualis
,/ a M. digastricus,
M hyoglossus
rt
o A facialis
V retromandibularis
a
a V facialis
& N hypoglossus
[Xll]
Glandula parotidea
V occipitalis
o
M sternohyoideus
i
superior
o V thyroidea
M thyrohyoideusA
* M sternocleidomastoideus
M omohyoideus
o
A thyroidea
superioro
s Ansacervicalis,
Fladixsuperior
(Plexuscervicalis)
Cartilago
thyroidea
V jugularis
externaa
* N vagus[X]
Glandula
thyroidea
a V. thyroidea media
Plexusthyroideus
impara
& N accessorius
[Xl]
& N phrenicus
N. vagus[X] ;,
& Plexus
brachialis,
Parssupraclavicularis
A transversa
a
colli
V transversaO
colli
t M omohyoideus
V jugularis
O
anterior
Clavicula
a A subclavia;
o V jugularis
exlerna
A subclavia
o
V.subclavia
o
a V subclavia
a V cephalica
V brachio-a
cephalica
dextra
a V jugularis
interna
V thyroidea
a
inferior
major
a M. pectoralis
V thoracica
internao
V cavasuperiora
V brachioceohalica
sinistraa
ParsascendensaortaeO
,* N vagus[X]
i N laryngeus
recurrens
sinister
CostaI
a A carotiscommunis;
recurrens
t N laryngeus
sinister
o Vv thymicae
F i g . 2 6 0 V e s s e t sa n d n e r v e so f t h e n e c k ,C o l t u m ,a n d
t h e u p p e rt h o r a c i ca p e r t u r eA
, p e r t u r at h o r a c i ss u p e r i o r .
259
Lymphatics
of
Noduslymphoideus
buccinatorius
Nodi lymphoideitaciales
Nodus
lymphoideus
JUgulodigastricus
M digastricus,
a
Venteranlerior
Nodilymphoidei
submandibulares
Nodi lymphoidei
submentales
Nodi lymphoidei
occipitales
I M sternocleidomastoideus
Nodi lymphoideicervicaleslaterales,
Nodi profundisuperiores
capitis
a M splenius
Nodi lymphoideiceruicaleslaterales,
Nodi suDerficiales
M omohyoideus,
Ventersuperiora
e M levatorscapulae
Nodilymphoidei
cervicales
laterales,
Nodiprolundiinferiores
{,}N accessorius[Xl]
Noduslymphoideus
juguloomohyoideus
t M scalenusmedius
A carotiscommunis
a
O M. trapezius
V jugularis
internaa
C M scalenusposterior
Nodus lymphoideuscervicalislateralis,
Nodus orofundus inferior
*' Plexus brachialis,
Pars supraclavicularis
M scalenus anterior C
a M omohyoideus,Venter inferior
Fig.261 Superficia[lymphatics,Vasalymphatica
s u p e r if c i a l i aa, n d [ y m p hn o d e s ,N o d it y m p h o i d e o
i ,f t h e
h e a da n d t h e n e c ko f a n B - y e a r - o t d
chitd.
Musctes
submandibular trianqIe
Vessels
and
R marginalis
mandibularis
,a
Glandula parotidea
o a v;A facialis
M stylohyoideus
t
Glandula
submandibularis
& N. mylohyoideus
o M mylohyoideus
o M digastricus,
Venteranterior
N hypoglossus
[Xll] '
a M hyoglossus
N accessorius[Xl]
a N hypoglossus
[Xll]
Ansacervicalis,
Fladixsuperior
o A lingualis
N vagus[X]
V jugularis
externaa
Tendointermedius
a M digastricus,
Os hyoideum
lvl sternocleidomastoideus
o
V jugularis
internaa
A carotisexternaa
a A lingualis
a A thyroidea
supenor
N laryngeus
superior;
superior
o * A laryngea
F i g , 2 6 2 V e s s e t sa n d n e r v e so f t h e s u b m a n d i b u t at r i a n g t e ,
T r i q o n u ms u b m a n d i b u [ a r e .
1 o/o
4o/o
12o/o 30 %
35o/o
12o/o
5To
F i g . 2 6 3 L e v e lo f t h e b i fu r c a t i o no f t h e c o m m o nc a r o t i da r t e r y ,
A c a r o t i sc o m m u n i s i. n r e t a t i o nt o t h e c e r v i c avI e r t e b r a e .
Sur facep. 32
Vot.l l
| Sk eteton
Subclavian
A vertebralis,
Pars
intracranialis
A vertebralis,
Parsatlantica
A vertebralis,Parstransversaria
A ceruicalisprofunda
A vertebralis,
Pars prevertebralis
A ceruicalis
ascendens
Truncuscostocervicalis
A carotiscommunis
Vertebra cervicalis Vll
(A,cervicalis
Var)
superficialis,
Truncusthyrocervicalis
A thyroidea
inferior
VertebrathoracicaI
A, subclavia
A carotiscommunis
(A scapularis
descendens,
Var)
A. suprascapularis
intercostalis
suprema
TruncusbrachioceDhalicus
Clavicula
CostaI
Manubrium
sterni
posterior
A intercostalis
ll
posterior
I
A. intercostalis
A thoracica
interna
A axillaris
Fig. 264 Subctavianartery,
A. subctavia.
90 0k
F i g .2 6 5 L e v eoLf t h ee n t r yo f t h e
vertebraIarteA
r y.,v e r t e b r a Liinst,ot h e
t r a n s v e r sf e
o r a m i n aF,o r a m i ntar a n s v e r s a r i a
F i g . 2 6 6a - f V a r i a t i o n si n t h e t r u n c u sf o r m e db y t h e i n f e r i o rt h y r o i da r t e r y ,
A . t h y r o i d e ai n f e r i o r t, h e s u p r a s c a p u t aarr t e r y ,A . s u p r a s c a p u t a r itsh, e
t r a n s v e r s ec e r v i c aaLr t e r y ,A . t r a n s v e r s ac o t I i ,a n d t h e i n t e r n a L
thoracic
, h e n t h e v e r t e b r a aI r t e r y ,A v e r t e b r a l i s ,
a r t e r y ,A . t h o r a c i c ai n t e r n a w
b r a n c h e so f f s e p a r a t e tfyr o m t h e c o s t o c e r v i c a
t rIu n c u s ,T r u n c u s
costocervicaIis.
Mu s c t e s
Vessels
andnervesof the neckand the upperthoracicaperture
Lig longitudinale
anterius
Vertebracervicalislll
M, longuscapitisa
Discusintervertebralis
M scalenusmediuso
R interganglionaris.,
a A vertebralis,Parstransversaria
Truncussympathicus,
Ganglion
cervicale
medium
N p h r e n i c u s, ,
l\4 scalenusanteriora
t Truncussuperior
M scalenusoosterior
a
V vertebralisa
Vertebra
cervicalis
Vll. Proc transversus
A vertebralis
a
Truncusthyrocervicalis
a
prolundaa a
A ; V ceruicalis
* Truncusmedius
Plexus brachialis
Truncusinferior
(Nn phrenici
accessorii)
aA subclavia
e N phrenicus
Ansa subclavia
OA carotis
communls
o M longuscolli
o Arcusaortae
O TruncusbrachioceDhalicus
A I V thoracica interna a a
Pleura parietalis
V cavasuperioro
a W brachiocephalicae
dextra et sinistra
F i g . 2 6 7 V e s s e l sa n d n e r v e sa t t h e t r a n s i t i o n
f r o m t h e n e c kt o t h e t h o r a x .
T h e n u m b e r sl V - V l l li n d i c a t ev e n t r a Ib r a n c h e so f t h e
c o r r e s p o n d i nsgp i n a In e r v e s
F i g .2 5 8 a - d V a r i a t i o n isn t h e o r i g i no f t h e v e r t e b r a aL r t e r y ,
A.vertebratis
5keleton
Platysma
c
Cartilagothyroidea
M sternohyoideus
G
Lig vocale
Cartilagocricoidea
Cartilago arytenoidea
piriformis
Flecessus
M thyrohyoideus
a
pharyngis
inferior
a M, constrictor
M omohyoideus
*
superior
o A, thyroidea
lvl sternothyroideus
a
sympathicus
E Truncus
A carotiscommunis
a
t l\4 longuscolli
Ganglion ceruicalemedium .,
Nodilymphoidei
cervicales
laterales,
Nodiprolundisuperiores
N vagus[X] ,,
a A vertebralis
V jugularisinternao
ascendens
a A cervicalis
M sternocleidoa
mastoideus
*l N. spinalis[C5]
externa
a V jugularis
r'
N phrenicus
VertebraceruicalisV
Corpus
M scalenusanteriorc
M scalenusmediusa
Spatiumsubarachnoideum
Spatiumepidurale;
O Plexusvenosus
vertebralis
internus
M levator scapulae I
M spleniusceruicis
et capitisC
Periosteum
l\4 semispinaliscapitis O
Duramaterspinalis
M multilidusceruicis *
t M spinalis
lvl trapeziusI
Medulla spinalis
Vertebra cervicalis lV
Proc spinosus
F i g . 2 6 9 N e c k ,C o t l u m ;
t T a n s v e r ssee c t i o na t t h e levetof the vocaIcord.
Mus ct e s
0 r g an s
T o p o g ra p h y Sections
transversesection
anterior
o V jugularis
M sternohyoideus
a
inferior
a V thyroidea
M sternothyroideus
o
M sternocleidomastoideus
o
& N vagus[X]
lsthmus glandulaethyroideae
interna
o V jugularis
V thyroidea lnferior a
externa
o V jugularis
Oesophagus
Noduslymphoideus
cervicalis
lateralis,
Nodusprofundus
interior
Clavicula
M omohyoideus
a
a A carotiscommunis
l\4.scalenus a
antenor
o * A. ceruicalis
ascenoens;
N phrenicus
Plexusbrachialis
*
& N laryngeus
recurrens
M scalenusa
posterior
o V vertebralis
M scalenusa
medrus
c M scalenus
medius
M longuscollia
aA vertebralis
N spinalis*
Costa I
Vertebra
thoracical,
Corpus
a M suprasprnalus
Medulla
spinalis
thoracica
Scapula
Vertebrathoracical. Proc soinosus
F i g . 2 l O N e c k ,C o L t u m ;
t r a n s v e r s es e c t i o na t t h e L e v eoLf t h e f i r s t t h o r a c i cv e r t e b r a .
"..0r gans I To pogr aphyI Sec ti ons
cavityand pharynx,
pharyngea
Tonsilla
Palatum molle
[Velum palatinum]
Lig hyoepiglotticum
M.constrictor
pharyngis
superior
Epiglottis
Os hyoideum
M constrictor
pharyngis medius
orbicularis
oris,
Parslabialis
Lig thyrohyoideum
medianum
Cartilago
thyroidea
M genioglossus
M aMenoideustransversus
M constrictor
pharyngis
inferior
M geniohyoideus
medianum
Lig.cricothyroideum
Cartilagocricoidea
Fascia cervicalis,
Lamina superficialis
M, mylohyoideus
Glandula thyroidea
Canihgines tracheales
L a r t o f t h e h e a d ,C a p u t ,a n d n e c k ,C o L [ u m ;
Fig.271 Faciap
m e d i a ns e c t i o nt h r o u o ht h e h e a do f a n e o n a t e .
F i g . 2 7 2 S c h e m ai l l u s t r a t i n gt h e d i s t a n c eb e t w e e n
t h e r o o to f t h e t o n g u e ,R a d i xI i n g u a ea, n d t h e e p i g [ o t t i s ,
E p i g t o t t i si n
, theadutt
F i g . 2 7 3 S c h e m ai t l u s t r a t i n g
t h a t t h e L a r y n xi n
t h e n e o n a t ei s p o s i t i o n e d
c o n s i d e r a b thyi g h e rt h a n
i n t h ea d u t t .
Surface I SketetonI
> Uppertimb
Muscles...
Surfaceanatomy
Pollex[Digitusprimus]
Regio deltoidea,
M. deltoideus
Index[Digitussecundusl
M. biceps
brachii
Digitusmediusltertiusl
M. brachioradialis
Plicaaxillarisanterior
Antebrachium,
Regioantebrachii
anterior
EPlCOnOYlus
meorails
Brachium,
Regio
brachii
anterior
Regioaxillaris,Fossaaxillaris
M tricepsbrachii
, embrum
superius.
Fig.271 UppeL
r i m bM
(Radius)
Proc.styloideus
Dorsummanus
Regio deltoidea,M. deltoideus
M. brachioradialis
Pollex[Digitusprimus]
Index[Digitussecundus]
Plicaaxillarisoosterior
(Ulna)
Proc.styloideus
M. latissimus
dorsi
M tricepsbrachii
Regio antebrachii
posterior
, embrum
superius.
Fig.2l5 UppeL
r i m bM
' Upper timb
Surface lSkeletonl
Overview Shoulder
Skeletonof the upperlimb
Cingulum
pectorale
Pars libera
membfl
supeflofls
Antebrachium
Articulatio
radioulnaris
distalis
Articulatio
radlocarpalis
Articulatio
mediocarpalis
Articulationes
carpometacarpales
Articulationes
metacarpophalangeae
Digitimanus,
Ossadigitorum:
- Phalanx
proximalis
- Phalanxmedia
- Phalanxdistalis
Articulationes
interphalangeae
manusproximales
Articulationes
interphalangeae
manusdistales
Fig.276 UppeL
r i m bM
, embrum
superius;
overview
b .o n e sa n di o i n t s .
Musctes
Arm
To pogr a p h y
Etbow
Forearm Hand
Extremitas
acromialis
F i g .2 7 7 C L a v i c LCe L, a v i c u l a ;
supefl0rvrew.
Corpusclaviculae
Extremitassternalis
Extremitas
acromialis
Faciesarticularis
sternalis
Foramennutricium
Tuberculum
conoideum
lmpressio ligamentl
costoclavicularis
Sulcusmusculisubclavii
Fig.278 Ctavic[e,Ctavicu[a;
i n f e r i o rv i e w .
Discusarticularis
Lig interclaviculare
Lig costoclaviculare
Lig sternoclaviculare
anterius
l\4anubrium
sterni
Lio sternocostale
radiatum
Symphysis
manubrioslernalis
Cartilagocostalis ll
F i g . 2 7 i S t e r n o c [ a v i c u tjaori n t ,
A r t i c u t a t i os t e r n o c L a v i c u L a r i s ;
V E N I T A LV I C W .
Shoutder Arm
Scapula
Incisura
scapulae
Tuberculum
supraglenoidale
l\4argosuperior
Angulussuperior
Proc. coracoideus
Proc coracoideus
Fossa
supraspinata
Spina
scapurae
Acromion
Cavitas glenoidalis
Angulus
acromrl
Tuberculum
infraglenoidale
Cavitas
glenoidalis
Anguluslateralis
Margo
medialis
Facies costalis
Collumscapulae
Margolateralis
Fossainfraspinata
Margo lateralis
I
I
Angulus
inferiorl
Fig.280 Scaputa,Scaputa;
dorsaIview.
Fig. 281 ScapuLa,
ScapuLa;
[ateraIview.
Proc coracoideus
Incisura
scapulae
Margosuperior
Fossa
Articulatio
subscapularis acromro-
clavicularis
Facies
costalis
Cavitas
glenoidalis
Acromion
Collum
scapurae
Vertebra
thoracicaI
CostaI
Proc coracoideus
Articulatio
slernoclavicularis
60'
Sternum
Planum medianum*
Fig. 282 Scaputa,Scapura;
v e n t r a Iv i e w
F i g . 2 8 3 S h o u l d e rg i r d t e ,C i n g u t u mp e c t o r a t e ;
s u p e f l o rv r e w .
T h e a n g L e sr e f e rt o t h e a v e r a g er e L a t i o nisn t h e
aduLt.
* M e d i a pn t a n e
* * S c a p u t aprt a n e
T opog r a p h yI Se cti o n s
El.bow Forearm Hand
Caputhumeri
Sulcusintertubercularis
Collumanatomicum
Tuberculum
majus
Tuberculum
mtnus
Collum
chirurgicum
Tuberculum
majus
Collum
anatomrcum
Collum
chirurgicum
Cristatuberculi
majoris
Corpushumeri
Sulcusnerviradialis
l\4argolateralis
Margo medialis
Facies anterolateralis
Faciesposterior
Facies anteromedialis
Cristasupraepicondylaris
Fossa coronoidea
lateralis
Fossa radialis
Cristasupraepicondylaris
medialis
Epicondylus
lateralis
Fossaolecrani
Epicondylus
medialis
Capitulum
humeri
Sulcusnerviulnaris
Trochleahumeri
Trochlea
humeri
Condylushumeri
F i g . 2 8 4 H u m e r u sH, u m e r u s ;
ventraL
view.
F i g . 2 8 5 H u m e r u sH,u m e r u s ;
dorsaIview.
I
Collumanatomicum
Insertions
of thetendonsof:
1 M supraspinatus
2 M infraspinatus
3 M teresminor
Caputhumeri
Tuberculum
majus
F i g . 2 8 6 H u m e r u sH, u m e r u s ;
proximaIview.
Surface lSkeletonl
Musctes
Shoulder Arm
joint
Shoulder
Articulatio
acromioclavicularis,
Lig acromioclaviculare
Clavicula,
Extremitasacromialis
Acromion
Li9 coracoacromiale
Lig coracoclaviculare,
Lig trapezoideum
M supraspinatus
Bursasynovialis
Lig coracoclaviculare,
Lig conoideum
Proc coracoideus
Lig, coracohumerale
Lig.transversum
scapulae
supenus
Tuberculum
majus
Incisura
scapulae
Bursasubtendinea
musculi
subscapularis
M subscapularis,
Tendo
Vaginatendinisintertubercularis
- (superius)
Ligg glenohumeralia:
- (medium)
- (interius)
M bicepsbrachii,Caputlongum
Cristatuberculi
majoris
Tuberculum
infraglenoidale
Sulcusintertubercularis
(Recessus
axillaris)
Cristatuberculi
minoris
F i g . 2 8 7 S h o u L d ej o
r i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i oh u m e r i ;
venlratvtew.
Lig lransversum
scapulaesuperius
Proc coracoideus
Lig coracohumerale
Spina scapulae
Tuberculum
majus
Capsulaarticularis
F i g .2 8 8 S h o u I d ejro i n t ,A r t i c u [ a t i oh u m e r i ;
t h e a c r o m i o nh a s b e e nr e m o v e d :
dorsaIview.
Topography
Etbow
Forearm Hand
Shoulderjoint
Ciavicula,Extremitasac.omialis
Lig. coracoacromiale
lvl supraspinatus
Spina scapulae
M infraspinatus
M teresminor
M tricepsbrachii,Caputlongum
Capsulaarticularis
Humerus
F i g . 2 8 9 S h o u t d ejro i n t ,A r t i c u l a t i oh u m e r i ;
dorsaLview.
M supraspinatus
Bursasubacromialis
Acromion
Lig coracoacromiale
Proc coracoideus
M supraspinatus*
Tuberculum
majus
Lig coracohumerale
M infraspinatus*
M subscapularis*
M. teresminor*
Vaginatendinisintertubercularis
M bicepsbrachii,Caputlongum
M subscapularis*
F i g . 2 9 0 S h o u [ d ejro i n t ,A r t i c u l a t i oh u m e r i ;
lateraIview
T o g e t h e rt,h e m u s c L et e n d o n sm a r k e dw i t h + f o r m t h e s o - c a t l e d
rotator cuff.
> U p p e rt i m b
M us c tes
0verview Shoutder Arm
Shoulderjoint
Faciesarticularis
clavicularis
M, supraspinatus
Lig coracohumerale
Bursasubacromialis
M biceps brachii,Caput longum, Tendo
Labrum glenoidale
Cavitas glenoidalis
Caput humeri
Vaqinatendinisintertubercularis
M bicepsbrachii,Caputlongum,Tendo
(Recessus
axillaris)
F i g . 2 9 1 S h o u t d ejro i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i oh u m e r i ;
s e c t i o na t t h e l e v e lo f t h e s c a p u t a :
ventraIview
Lig
Clavicula
Acromion
Lig trapezoideum
Li9. coracoctauicutare
Lig conoideum
l\4 biceps brachii,
Caput longum, Tendo
Cavitas glenoidalis
Labrum glenoidale*
M tricepsbrachii,Caputlongum
F i g . 2 9 2 S h o u t d ejro i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i oh u m e r i ;
LateraIview.
N e x tt o i t s o r i g i na t t h e s u p r a g [ e n o i d a
t uLb e r c L et h
, e t e n d o no f t h e b i c e p s
m u s c t ei s p r e d o m i n a n t layt t a c h e dt o t h e g l e n o i d[ a b r u m .
* lt formsa fibrocartitaginous
coltararoundtheglenoidcavity
)
To pogr a p h y
Etbow Forearm Hand
Shoulderjoi nt,radiography
Articulatio
acromioclavicularis
Acromion
Clavicula
Proc coracoideus
Caputhumeri
Cavitas glenoidalis
Tuberculum
maius
Collum scapulae
Tuberculum infraglenoidale
Tuberculum
minus
l\4argo lateralis
Sulcusintedubercularis
F i g . 2 9 3 S h o u t d ejro i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i oh u m e r i ;
AP-radiograph.
M, deltoideus,Pars clavicularis
Sulcusintertubercularis
;
l\,4.
bicepsbrachii,
Caputlongum,Tendo
Tuberculum minus
Tuberculum
majus
lvl deltoideus,
Parsacromialis
M. coracobrachialis
Labrum glenoidale
Caputhumeri
Cavitas glenoidalis
Articulatio
humeri,
Cavitasarticularis
M subscapularis
M deltoideus,
Parsspinalis
Scapula
l\4 infraspinatus
F i g . 2 9 1 S h o u t d ejro i n t ,A r t i c u L a t ihou m e r i ;
c o m p u t e dt o m o g r a p h i cl C T lc r o s s - s e c t i o n ;
t h e j o i n t c a v i t yi s f i t L e dw i t h a i r I p n e u m o - C T ) ;
i n f e r i o rv i e w .
M us c tes
Shoutder Arm
Proc
coronoideus
Cristamusculi
supinatoris
Tuberositas
ulnae
Proc
coronoideus
Margointerosseus
Margointerosseus
Margoposterior
Facies medialis
Circumferentia
articularis
Circumferentia
articularis
F i g . 2 9 5 U t n a ,U L n a ;
ventraLview.
F i g . 2 9 7 U | . n aU
, Lna;
radiaLview.
F i g . 2 9 6 U l n a ,U t n a ;
dorsaIview.
T opog r a p h yI S e cti o n s
Etbow
Forearm
Caputradii,
Circumferentia
articularis
Caputradii,
Circumferentia
articularis
Collumradii
Collumradii
Tuberositasradii
Tuberositasradii
Foveaarticularis
Caputradii
Collumradii
Faciesanterior
Foramennutricium
Margointerosseus
Margointerosseus
Corpusradii
Corpusradii
Margoanterior
Margointerosseus
Faciesposterior
Faciesanterior
Margoposterior
Facieslateralis
Faciesposterior
Incisura
ulnaris
Faciesarticularis
carpalis
Proc.swloideus
radii
Proc.styloideusradii
Fig.298 Radius,Radius;
ventraIview.
Fig.300 Radius,Radius;
utnarview.
Tuberculum
dorsale
Fig.299 Radius,
Radius;
dorsaIview.
* G r o o v e sa n d c r e s t sf o r t h e
a t t a c h m e n to f t h e e x t e n s o r
t e ndo n s
Surface lSkeletonl
Muscles
Shoutder Arrn
Elbowjoint
Epicondylus
lateralis
Epicondylus
medialis
humeri
Trochlea
lncisuratrochlearis
Epicondylus
medialis
Circumferentia
articularis
Olecranon
Lig collateraleulnare,
(Pars posterioO
Lio. collateraleulnare.
(Pirs anterior)
Corpusradii,
Faciesanterior
Tuberositas
uinae
Corpusulnae,
Faciesanterior
j o i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i oc u b i t i ,
F i g .3 0 2 E l . b o w
i n 9 0 ' f l e x i o na n d 9 0 ' s u p i n a t i o n ;
mediaLview.
j o i n t ,A r t i c u L a t icou b i t i ;
F i 9 .3 0 1 E L b o w
ventraIview.
Capsulaarticularis,
Membrana
fibrosa
Epicondylus
medialis
Epicondylus
lateralis
Capsulaarticularis
Lig collateraleradiale
Lig collaterale
ulnare
Lig collaterale
radiale
Olecranon
Lig anulare radii
Lig anulare radii
Collumradii
Collumradii
M biceDsbrachii.Tendo
Chorda obliqua
j o i n t ,A r t i c u l a t i oc u b i t i ;
F i g .3 0 3 E l . b o w
ventraLview.
j o i n t ,A r t i c u l a t i oc u b i t i ;
F i g .3 0 4 E l . b o w
dorsaLview.
To pogr a p h y
Etbow
Forearm Hand
Junctionsof the bonesof the forearm
Inctsura
trochlearis
Lig anulare radii
Circumferentia
articularis
l\4 biceps brachii,
Tendo
Tuberositasradii
Chorda obliqua
Membrana
interossea
antebrachii
Faciesarticularis
carpalrs
Articulatioradioulnarisdistalis,
Capsulaarticularis
Proc.styloideus
F i g .3 0 5 J u n c t i o n so f t h e b o n e so f t h e f o r e a r m ;
insupination;
ventralview.
F i g . 3 0 6 J u n c t i o n so f t h e b o n e so f t h e f o r e a r m ;
in pronation;
v e n t r a lv i e w o f t h e u l n a .d o r s a lv i e w o f t h e r a d i u s .
Membranainterosseaantebrachii
Tuberositas
radii
Tuberositas
ulnae
Collumradii
Proc
coronoideus
Incrsura
trochlearis
Olecranon
F i g .3 0 7 P r o x i m a rI a d i o - u t n ajro i n t ,
A r t i c u t a t i or a d i o - u t n a r i ps r o x i m a L i s ;
ventrooroximaLview.
Lig.anulare
radii
Articulatio
radioulnaris
proximalis
Facies
lateralis
Radius
Ulna
lvlargoposterior
Margoposterior
Faciesposterior
posterior
F i g . 3 0 8 C r o s s - s e c t i otnh r o u g ht h e b o n e so f t h e
forearm;
distaIview.
M us e[es
Shnulder Arrn
Elbowjoint, sectionsand radiography
M brachialis
M triceps brachii,
Caput mediale
N radialis
M brachioradialis
Septum
intermusculare
brachiimediale
HUMETUS
l\il pronator
teres,Caput
numerate
M extensor carpi
r a d i a l i sl o n g u s
Epicondylus
lateralis
Epicondylus
medialis
Trochlea
humerl
Lig collaterale
radiale
Sulcusnervi
ulnaris
Caprtulum
numefl
Ltg
collaterale
ulnare
Lig anulare
radii
t\4m
flexores,
Caput
commune
Caput radii
M extensor
carpi radialis
brevis
Proc
coronordeus
l\4 supinator
lvl pronatorteres,
Caputulnare
Bursa bicipitoradialis
Lrg quadratum
M biceps brachii,Tendo
j o i n t ,A r t i c u L a t icou b i t i ;
F i g .3 0 9 E L b o w
f r o n t a Is e c t i o n .
1 Cristasupraepicondylaris
6 Tuberositas
radii
7 Proc coronoideus
lateralis
2 Epicondylus
lateralis
8 Trochleahumeri
3 C a p i t u l uh
mu m e r i
9 Olecranon
4 Caputradii
10 Epicondylus
medialis
11 Cristasupraepicondylaris
5 Collumradii
medialis
j o i n t ,A r t i c u t a t icou b i t i ;
Fi9.310 ELbow
AP-radioqraph
l\4tricepsbrachii
J
Corpushumeri
M brachialis
l\4 biceps brachii
Fossa olecrani
l\4 triceps
Tendo
Bursa
subcutanea
olecranl
A brachialis
M pronator
IETES
N medianus
A radialis
Trochleahumeri
A ulnaris
'1 Humerus
2
3
4
5
F i g .3 1 1 E t b o wj o i n t ,A r t i c u [ a t i oc u b i t i ;
--^;++-l -^^+i^^
JovrrroL JEL(tut t.
Fossaolecrani
Olecranon
lncisuratrochlearis
Ulna
6 Radius
7 Collumradii
8 Caputradii
9 Proc coronoideus
10 Fossacoronoidea
j o i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i oc u b i t i ;
Fig.312 ELbow
[ a t e r a Lr a d i o g r a p h .
Topography
Etbow
Forearm Hand
Skeleton
Os lunatum
Os triquetrum
Tuberculum
ossisscaohoidei
Os pisilorme
Tuberculum
ossistrapezii
Os trapezium
Os trapezoideum
Os capitatum
Os hamatum
Hamulusossishamati
Basisossismetacarpi
Corpusossismetacarpi
Ossasesamoidea
Caputossismetacarpi
Phalanx proximalis
Phalanx distalis
Phalanxproximalis
I
ll
lll
lV
V
P o l . t eI D
x i g i t ups r i m u s l
I n d e xI D i g i t usse c u n d u s ]
Digitum
s e d i u sI D i g i t utse r t i u s ]
D i g i t u as n u t a r iIsD i g i t uqsu a r t u s J
D i g i t um
s i n i m u[sD i g i t uqsu i n t u s l
F i g .3 1 3 B o n e so f t h eh a n dO
, s s am a n u s ;
p a t m avr i e w .
> U p p e rt i m b
Muscles
Skeletonof the hand
Radius
Ulna
Os lunatum
Caputulnae
Proc styloideus
radii
Proc styloideus
ulnae
Os scaphoideum
Os capitatum
Os triquetrum
Tuberculum
ossistrapezii
Os pisiforme
Os trapezium
Ossacarpi
Hamulusossis
Os hamatum,
Os trapezoideum
Os metacarpi
Ossametacarpil-V
Ossasesamoidea
Caputossismetacarpi
Os sesamoideum
Phalanx proximalis
Os sesamoideum
Ossadigitorum
Phalanxdistalis
Caputossismetacarpi
Corpusphalangis
Caputphalangis
Basisphalangis
F i g . 3 1 4 B o n e so f t h e h a n d ,O s s am a n u s ;
p a t m a rv r e w .
Corpusphalangis
Caputphalangis
Phalanx distalis
phalangis
Tuberositas
distalis
Ulna
Radius
Caputulnae
Proc styloideus
ulnae
Proc.styloideus
radii
Os lunatum
Os scaphoideum
Os triquetrum
Os pisiforme
Os trapezium
Os trapezoideum
Os hamatum
BasisossismetacarDi
Articulatiocarpometacarpalispollicis*
Os capitatum
I
Os metacarpi
Caputossismetacarpi
Basisphalangis
Articulatiometacarpophalangea
pollicis**
Phalanx proximalis
Phalanx distalls
Phalanxproximalis
Phalanxmedia
F i g . 3 1 5 B o n e so f t h e h a n d ,O s s am a n u s ;
d o r s a Iv i e w
* A l s o s: a d d tjeo i n to f t h et h u m b
+ *A l s o p
: r o x i m apIh a t a n g ej o
a iLn to f t h et h u m b
Phalanxdistalis
phalangis
Tuberositas
distalis
To p o g ra p h y
Etbow
Forearm Hand
Ulna
Articulatio
radioulnaris
distalis,
Capsulaarticularis
Proc styloideus
radii
Proc styloideus
ulnae
Os lunatum
Lig ulnocarpalepalmare
Lig radiocarpalepalmare
Os pisiforme
Lig carpi radiatum
Lig pisohamatum
Articulatiocarpometacarpalis
pollicis,
Capsulaarticularis
Lig. pisometacarpale
Hamulus ossis hamati
Lig carpometacarpale
parmare
Os capitatum
Ligg. metacarpalia
palmafla
F i g .3 1 6 J o i n t sa n d l i g a m e n t so f t h e h an d ,
A r t i c u t a t i o n eest L i g a m e n t am a n u s ;
o a l m a rv i e w .
Ligg palmaria
Ligg metacarpalia
transversaprofunda
Lig radiocarpale
oorsale
Proc styloideusradii
Ligg intercarpalia
dorsalia
Os scaphoideum
Os triquetrum
Os hamatum
Os capitatum
Lrgg
metacarpalia
dorsalia
Ligg intercarpaliadorsalia
Os trapezoideum
Ligg carpometacarpaliadorsalia
F i g .3 1 7 J o i n t sa n d [ i g a m e n t os f t h e h a n d ,
A r t i c u L a t i o n eest L i g a m e n t am a n u s ;
d o r s a Iv i e w
Ligg, collateralia
M us c [es
Os lunatum
Caputulnae
Articulatio
radiocarpalis
Articulatio
radioulnaris
distalis
Os capitatum
Discusarticularis
Os scaphoideum
Os triquetrum
Lig collateralecarpi ulnare
Lig collateralecarpi radiale
Os trapezoideum
Articulatiomediocarpalis
Os trapezium
Os hamatum
Articulatio
carpometacarpalis
pollicis
Lig intercarpale
interosseum
Os metacarpiI
Articulationes
carpometacarpales
Ligg metacarpaliainterossea
F i g .3 1 8 C a r p a jI o i n t s ,A r t i c u [ a t i o n ecsa r p i ;
L o n g i t u d i n sa eL c t i o np a r a t L et Io t h e d o r s u mo f t h e h a n d .
Articulatioradioulnarisdistalis
Proc
styloideus
radii
Faciesarticularis
carpails
Tuberculumdorsale
Proc styloideus
urnae
F i g .3 1 9 U t n aa n d r a d i u s U
, l n ae t R a di u s ;
distaLview
Faciesarticularis
carpalis
Articulatio
radioulnaris
distalis
Discusarticularis
Proc
styloideus
radii
Caputulnae
]\
Tuberculum
dorsale
F i g .3 2 0 D i s t a Ir a d i o - u t n ajro i n t ,
A r t i c u t a t i or a d i o u L n a r d
i si s t a t i s :
distat-dorsaLview.
Proc styloideus
ulnae
Topography
Elbow
Forearm Hand
Fingerjoints
Os metacarpi
Os metacarpipollicis
Lig collaterale
M flexor pollicisbrevis
Ossasesamoidea
Lig collaterale
Ligg palmaria
M flexor pollicislongus
Vaginatendinismusculi
flexorispollicislongi
F i g . 3 2 1 F i n g e rj o i n t s ,A r t i c u L a t i o n edsi g i t i ;
[ateraLview.
joint of
Fig.322 Metacarpopha[angeaI
t h e t h u m b ,A r t i c u t a t i om e t a c a r p o p h a L a n gpeoat l i c i s ;
r a d i a L - p a t m av ri e w .
(Cartilago
articularis)
Phalanx proximalis
Articulatiometacarpophalangea,
Caosula articularis
Periosteum
Phalanx distalis
Caputphalangis
manusdistalis**'
Articulatio
interphalangea
Phalanx media
proximalis**,
Articulatio
interphalangea
manus
Capsula
articularis
F i g .3 2 3 F i n g e rj o i n t s ,A r t i c u t a t i o n edsi g i t i ;
caniiial
certinn.
[ateraIview.
Basisphalangis
* C L i n i c at et r m ; M P [ = m e t a c a r p o p h a t a n g e
j oai tn t l
* * C L i n i c at eI r m ; P I P { = p r o x i m a t i n t e r p h a t a n g e
j oai tn t )
' * * C L i n i c at eI r m : D I P{ = d i s t a ti n t e r p h a L a n g ej oa itn t )
M us c tes
Shoutder Arm
Wrist,radiography
Radius
Proc styloideus
ulnae
Tuberculum
ossisscaohoidei
Os lunatum
Os pisiforme
Os trapezium
Os kiquetrum
Os capitatum
Os trapezoideum
Basis ossis metacaroi ll
Hamulusossishamati
Ossametacarpi
Ossasesamoidea
Phalanx proximalis
Phalanx media
Phalanx distalis
F i g . 3 2 1 H a n d ,M a n u s :
PA-radiograph.
N o t e :T h e p i s i f o r mb o n ei s p r o j e c t e do n t o
thetriquetraL
bone.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
F i g . 3 2 5 U l n a ra b d u c t i o on f t h e h a n d ;
s c h e m ao f a P A - r a d i o g r a p h .
Os scaphoideum
Os lunatum
Os triquetrum
Os pisiforme
Os trapezium
Os trapezoideum
Os capitatum
Os hamatum
F i g . 3 2 6 R a d i aa
L b d u c t i o no f t h e h a n d ;
s c h e m ao f a P A - r a d i o o r a o h .
To p o g r a p h y
Etbow
Forearm H a n d
Wrist,development
Fig.327 PA-radiographof the hand of a 41lz-year-oLd
bov.
'| Ulna,Diaphysis
2 Radius,Diaphysis
3 Ulna,Epiphysis
distalis
4 Radius,Epiphysis
distalis
5 Os lunatum
6 Os triquetrum
'1
F i g . 3 2 9 P A - r a d i o g r a pohf t h e h a n do f a n 1- y e a r - o [ d
Doy.
F i g .3 2 8 P A - r a d i o g r a pohf t h e h a n do f a 7 - y e a r - o [ d
bov.
7 Os scaphoideum
I Os hamatum
I Os capitatum
10 Ostrapezoideum
1'1Os trapezium
12 Os pisilorme
F i g .3 3 0 P A - r a d i o g r a pohf t h e h a n do f a
boy.
'13-year-old
Fasciaof the upperlimb
M trapezius
Spina scapulae
Fossainfraclavicularis
M deltoideus
lvl deltoideus
V cephalica
M triceps brachii,
Caput laterale
M biceps brachii,
Caput breve
N intercostobrachialis
M teresmajor
N cutaneus
brachiimedialis
N, medianus
lvl triceps brachii,
Caput longum
V basilica
N cutaneus
antebrachii
medialis
l\il biceps brachii
M triceps brachii,
Caput mediale
M brachialis
M triceps
brachii
Olecranon
Septum
intermusculare
brachiimediale
N musculocutaneus,
N cutaneusantebrachii
lateralis
Aponeurosis
musculi
bicipitis
brachii
N cutaneusbrachii
posterior
l\/ bicepsbrachii
N cutaneus
posterior
antebrachii
M brachioradialis
Epicondyluslateralis
Bursasubcutanea
olecrani
Epicondylus
medialis
V medianacubiti
Septumintermusculare
brachiilaterale
l\4.anconeus
M extensorcarpi
radialislongus
M extensor
digitorum
l\4 flexorcarpiulnaris
lvl extensorcarpiulnaris
M extensor
carpiradialis
brevrs
M flexor carpi radialis
N radialis,
R superficialis
lvl.abductor
pollicislongus
M palmarislongus
M brachioradialis,
Tendo
N culaneus
antebrachii
medialis
M extensor
digitiminimi
M flexor carpi ulnaris
Caputulnae,Proc styloideus
ulnae
Fascia
antebrachii
Mm extensores
carpiradialis.
Tendines
palmaris
Aponeurosis
F i g .3 3 1 F a s c i ao f t h e f L e x oar s p e c to f t h e u p p e rL i m b .
M extensor
pollicisbrevis
Retinaculum
musculorum
eKensorum
l\4 extensor
pollicislongus,
Tendo
F i g .3 3 2 F a s c i ao f t h e e x t e n s o a
r s p e c to f t h e u p p e rL i m b
T opog r a p h yI S e cti o n s
Forearm Hand
M.trapezius
Acromion
M. sternocleidomastoideus
Clavicula
Spina scapulae
major
M. pectoralis
M.trapezius
M. deltoideus
Fasciainfraspinata
M. teres minor
M. pectoralismajor,Pars abdominalis
M teres major
M serratusanterior
M. tricepsbrachii,Caput longum
M. tricepsbrachii,Caput laterale
M. latissimusdorsi
M obliouusexternusabdominis
M. tricepsbrachii,Tendo
M. bicepsbrachii
M. brachialis
Septumintermuscularebrachiilaterale
teres
M. pronator
M. tricepsbrachii,Caput mediale
lateralis
Epicondylus
Olecranon
M. anconeus
M. brachioradialis
M extensorcarpi radialislongus
M. extensordigitorum
M. extensorcarpi radialisbrevis
M flexorcarpi radialis
M flexorpollicislongus
M. extensordigitorum,Tendines
M abductorpollicislongus
M. extensorpollicisbrevis
M. extensorpollicislongus,Tendo
Retinaculum
musculorum
extensorum
M. abductorpollicislongus,Tendo
M. extensoroollicisbrevis.Tendo
M. adductorpollicis
Mm interosseidorsales
F i g .3 3 3 M u s c l e so f t h e u p p e r[ i m b ,t h e t h o r a xa n d
t h e i n f e r i o rr e g i o no f t h e n e c K .
> Uppertimb
Surface lSketetonl Muscles
Arm
Musclesof theupperlimb
M pectoralismajor
M. biceps brachii
l\4 pronatorteres
M flexorcarpiradialis
M palmarislongus
M. flexordigitorum
supemcrails
M tlexorcarpiulnaris
M flexordigltorum
superficialis,
Tendines
Vagina tendinis
profundus,
M. flexordigitorum
tenotnes
F i g .3 3 4 M u s c l e so f t h e f [ e x o ra s p e c to f t h e u p p e r[ i m b .
T o p o g r a p h yI Se cti o n s
Forearm Hand
Musclesof the upperlimb
M deltoideus
l\4.inlraspinatus
M teresminor
M, teresmajor
lvl latissimus
dorsl
tu|.tricepsbrachii
M brachioradialis
M extensorcarpi
radialisIongus
M. extensor
carpi
radialisbrevis
M extensordigitorum
M extensorcarpi
ulnafls
Mlm.interossei
dorsales
F i g . 3 3 5 M u s c l e so f t h e e x t e n s o ra s p e c to f t h e u p p e r[ i m b .
'Upper timb
Surface lsketetonl
Muscles
Overview Shoulder Upperarm
Musclesof theshoulder
M pectoralis
malor
lvl pectoralis
1 Acromion
l\4 scalenus
posterior
m ln o r
M levator scapulae
Clavicula
M. scalenusmedius
lvl scalenusanterior
M deltoideus
[/ biceps
brachii,
Caput longum
M. biceps
brachii,
Caput breve
Mm sternocleidomastoidei
M coracobrachialis
M, teresmajor
M subclavius
M subscapularis
Mm.intercostales
interni
M serratusanterior
Mm intercostales
externi
M serratusanterior
M pectoralis
minor
M, latissimus
dorsi
M pectoralismajor
M reclusabdominis
F i g . 3 3 6 M u s c l e so f t h e a r m , t h e t h o r a xa n d t h e i n f e r i o rr e g i o n
of the neck.
l , l l , l V - V l li n d i c a t et h e c o r r e s p o n d i nrgi b s .
I Caputlongum
M bicepsbrachiij
I Caputbreve
Humerus
Vaginatendinisintertubercularis
M coracobrachialis
Clavicula
Lig coracoacromiale
Proc coracoideus
Acromion
M infraspinatus
Articulatio
acromioclavicularis
N suprascapularis
Lig transversum
scapulae
superius
lvl subscapularis
M supraspinatus
Spina scapulae
F i g . 3 3 7 S h o u l d e ra n d m u s c L e o
sf the shoutder.
T o g e t h e rt,h e m u s c l et e n d o n sm a r k e dw i t h * f o r m
t h e s o - c a l t e dr o t a t o rc u f f .
Topography
Forearm Hand
Musclesof theshoulder
Clavicula
l\/ deltoideus
subclavius
M trapezius
Proc coracoideus
Articulatio
acromioclavicularis,
Capsulaarticularis
Lig coracoclaviculare, Lig trapezoideum
Acromion
Lig coracoclaviculare,Lig. conoideum
Bursasubacromialis
M levatorscapulae
-
Lig coracoacromiale
Venterinferior
M. omohvoideus.
(Bursamusculicoracobrachialis)
M serratusanterior
lvl pectoralis
minor
minor
M rhomboideus
M biceps brachii,Caput breve
M supraspinatus
l\4 coracobrachialis
Lig transversumscapulae
supenus
M deltoideus
Vagina tendinis
intertubercularis
M subscapularis
M pectoralis major
M. rhomboideus
malor
M latissimus
dorsi,Tendo
M tricepsbrachii,Caputlaterale
lvlargomedialis
M biceps brachii,
Caput longum
M. teresmajor
coracobrachialis
M serratusanterior
M biceps brachii,
Caput breve
M triceps brachii,
Caput longum
Capsulaarticularis,
(Recessus
axillaris)
F i g .3 3 8 S h o u l d e ra n d m u s c l e so f t h e s h o u [ d e r .
x T r i a n g u [ sapr a c eS, p a t i u m
a x i t l a rm
e ediate
* * Q u a d r a n g ust apra c eS, p a t i u m
a x i l L a r[ a
etera[e
M omohyoideus,
Venterinferior
M levator scapulae
Acromion
Bursasubdeltoidea
Angulussuperior
M, deltoideus
M rhomboideus
mtnor
M deltoideus
M supraspinatus
Humerus,
Collumchirurgicum
M trapezius
humeri,
Articulatio
Capsulaarticularis
Spinascapulae
M rhomboideus
malor
M infraspinatus
M triceps brachii,
Caput longum
l\4.teresminor
M. triceps brachii,
Caput laterale
M teresmajor
Angulusinferior
l\4.latissimus
dorsi
lvl serratusanterior
F i g .3 3 9 S h o u l d e ra n d m u s c t e so f t h e s h o u t d e r .
+ T r i a n g u Lsapra c eS, p a t i u m
a x i l t a rm
e ediate
** Quadrangutar
axittare
laterale
space,Spatium
tt
scles
Arm
Musclesof theshoulder
Lig coracoacromiale
Lig. acromioclaviculare
l\il biceps brachii,Caput longum, Tendo
Bursasubacromialis
Lig trapezoideum
Lig coracohumerale
M supraspinatus*
M, deltoideus
Fasciapectoralis
Acromion
Fascia pectoralis,
(Hiatus venae cephalicae)
Lig conoideum
Proc coracoideus
M intraspinatus*
(Bursamusculicoracobrachialis)
Bursasubtendinea
musculisubscapularis
Capsulaarticularis
M coracobrachialis
M teresminor*
M. bicepsbrachii,Caputbreve
Cavitas glenoidalis
Labrum glenoidale
M lricepsbrachii,Caputlongum
F i g .3 4 0 S h o u L d ej o
r i n t ,A r t i c u l a t i oh u m e r i ;
LateraIview.
T o g e t h e rt,h e m u s c [ et e n d o n sm a r k e dw i t h * f o r m
t h e s o - c a l t e dr o t a t o rc u f f .
Lig coracoacromiale
Acromion
Proc coracoideus
M supraspinatus
M, infraspinatus
Tuberculum
majus
M subscapularis
M. biceps brachii,
Caput longum, Tendo
M teresminor
Humerus,
Corpus
F i g , 3 1 1 M u s c l e so f t h e s o - c a [ L erdo t a t o rc u f f ;
LateraIview
To pogr a p h y
Forearm Hand
Musclesof the arm
M supraspinatus
M. trapezius
M deltoideus
Fascia infraspinata
M. pectoralismajor
M teresmajor
M latissimus
dorsi
M. bicepsbrachii
M tricepsbrachii,Caputlongum
M brachialis
M tricepsbrachii,Caputlaterale
Septumintermusculare
brachiilaterale
M brachioradialis
M. tricepsbrachii,Caputmediale
M. tricepsbrachii,Tendo
M. extensorcarpiradialislongus
Epicondylus
lateralis
M. extensorcarpiradialisbrevis
Fig.3l,2 Musclesof the arm;
s u p e r f i c i al[a y e r ;
dorso[ateraIview.
> U p p e rl i m b
Overview Shoulder
0riginsand insertionsof the musclesof theshoulderand thearm
M subclavius
M sternocleidomastoideus
M pectoralis
minor
M deltoideus
lvl pectoralismajor,
Parsclavicularis
lvl coracobrachialis
M biceps brachii,
Caput breve
Lig costoclaviculare
M supraspinatus
l\4 omohvoideus.
Venterinferior
M subscapularis
M biceps brachii,
Caput longum
lvl latissimus
dorsi
M tricepsbrachii,
Caputlongum
M subscapularis
l\4 teresmajor
M pectoralismajor
M deltoideus
M serratusanterior
M coracobrachialis
M brachialis
M brachioradialis
lvl pronator
teres,Caputhumerale
M flexorcarpi radialis
M extensor
carpiradialislongus
Epicondylusmedialis
M brachialis,M articulariscubiti
M palmaris longus
M llexorcarpiulnaris,Caputhumerale
M extensor carpi radialisbrevis
M flexordigitorum
superficialis,
Caputhumeroulnare
M pronator
teres,Caputulnare
M brachialis
M biceps brachii
M flexorcarpiulnaris,Caputulnare
Fig.343 0 r i g i n sa n d i n s e r t i o n so f t h e m u s c L e as t t h e c [ a v i c t e
C[ a v i c[ua ,t h e s c a p u t aS, c a p u l aa, n dt h e h u m e r u s H
, umerus
l a sw e t La s u t n a ro r i q i n so f m u L t i - h e amd u s c t e s J .
Arm
Topog r a p h y
Forearm Hand
of the musclesof theshoulderand thearm
l\il omohyoideus,Venter inferior
M trapezius
M. sternocleidomastoideus
M subclavius
M deltoideus
M sternohyoideus
lvl pectoralis
major,Parsclavicularis
M supraspinatus
M levatorscapulae
M inlraspinatus
M supraspinatus
M rhomboideus
minor
l\il teres minor
M triceps brachii,
Caput longum
M infraspinatus
M. triceps brachii,
Caput laterale
M rhomboideus
major
M. deltoideus
M brachialis
M teresminor
M teresmajor
Foramen nutricium
M latissimus
dorsi
(Origoscapularis,
Var)
M tricepsbrachii,Caputlaterale
l\/ triceps brachii,Caput mediale
M brachioradialis
SeDtumintermusculare
brachiimediale
M triceDsbrachii:M articulariscubiti
M triceps brachii
Epicondylusmedialis
Mm llexores. CaDUtcommune
SeDtumintermusculare
brachiilaterale
l\4 extensorcarpiradialislongus
Epicondylus
lateralis
M extensor carDiradialisbrevis
M. extensordigitorum
lvl anconeus
M extensorcarpiulnaris
F i g . 3 1 1 0 r i g i n sa n d i n s e r t i o n so f t h e m u s c t e sa t t h e c t a v i c l e ,
C l a v i c u t at h
, e s c a p u l . aS,c a p u t aa, n d t h e h u m e r u s ,H u m e r u s
( a sw e t I a s u l n a r o r i g i n so f m u [ t i - h e a dm u s c t e s J .
> U p p e rt i m b
Musctes
Musclesof the arm
Parsclavicularis
Parsacromialis
Parsspinalis
r i c e p sb r a c h i i
t r i c e p sb r a c h i i .
D e t t o i dm u s c l e .M . d e l t o i d e u s .
M coracobrachialis
M brachialis
B i c e p sb r a c h i im u s c t e ,M . b i c e p sb r a c h i i
F i g . 3 4 8 B r a c h i a I a n cdo r a c o b r a c h i a I m u s c [ e s ,
M m . b r a c h i a [ i se t c o r a c o b r a c h i a L i s
Topography
Forearm Hand
of the
Clavicula
M subclavius
Lig coracoclaviculare
M supraspinatus
Proc coracoideus
M pectoralis
minor
M omohyoideus,
Venterinferior
M. coracobrachialis
Lig.transversum
scapulae
superius
M. deltoideus
M biceps brachii, Caput breve, Tendo
M subscapularis
M pectoralismajor,Tendo
M. teresmajor
M, bicepsbrachii,Caputlongum,Tendo
M tricepsbrachii,Caputlongum
M bicepsbrachii,Caputlongum
M. bicepsbrachii,Caputbreve
M triceps brachii,Caput mediale
M. brachialis
Septumintermusculare
brachiimediale
M. brachialis
M biceos brachii.Tendo
Epicondylus
medialis
M. brachioradialis
Aponeurosis
musculibicipitis
brachii
M extensorcarpiradialislongus
M extensorcarpiradialisbrevis
Fasciaantebrachii
F i g . 3 4 9 M u s c t eosf t h ea r m ;
ftexoraspect,superficia[
layer.
* T r i a n g u [ a rs p a c e ,S p a t i u ma x i t l a r em e d i a [ e
* * Q u a d r a n g u t asr p a c e ,S p a t i u ma x i l t a r el a t e r a [ e
'Upper timb
Musclesof thearm
M. trapezius
M. subscapularis
Vaginatendinisintertubercularis
M bicepsbrachii,Caputbreve
M. bicepsbrachii,Caputlongum
M coracobrachialis
M tricepsbrachii,Caputlongum
M. triceps brachii,Caput mediale
M. brachialis
Septum intermusculare brachii mediale
Epicondylus
medialis
M. brachialis,Tendo
Fasciaantebrachii
M brachioradialis
M. extensorcarpiradialislongus
Aponeurosis
musculibicipitis
brachii
M bicepsbrachii,Tendo
M. biceps brachii
F i g . 3 5 0 M u s c l e so f t h e a r m ;
ftexoraspect,deep layer.
To p o g r a p h y
Forearm Hand
Musclesof the arm
M deltoideus
l\4 infraspinatus
Bursa subdeltoidea
tricepsbrachii,
Caputlongum
M teresminor
Collumchirurgicum
[/ teresminor
M bicepsbrachii,Caputlongum,
Tendo
lvl pectoralismajor,Tendo
l\4 teresmajor
lvl deltoideus
Sulcus nerui radialis
M triceps brachii,Caput laterale
M biceps brachii
l\4 triceps brachii,Caput mediale
l\4 brachialis
Septum intermuscularebrachii laterale
M brachioradialis
l\4 triceps brachii,Tendo
M extensor
carpiradialislongus
Olecranon
l\il anconeus
M extensor
carpiradialisbrevis
Fascia antebrachii
l\4 extensordigitorum
F i g . 3 5 1 M u s c L eosf t h e a r m ;
e x t e n s o ra s p e c t d
, e e pl a y e r .
x T r i a n g u t sapr a c eS, p a t i u m
a x i l t a rm
e ediate
x * Q u a d r a n g ust apra c eS, p a t i u m
a x i t t a rlea t e r a l e
tt
0verview
)rigins and insertionsof the ventralmusclesof the forearm
M brachialis
M brachioradialis
l\4 extensor
carpiradialislongus
M articularis
cubiti
M extensor
carpiradialisbrevis
icialis,
M. f lexordigitorum
superf
Caputhumeroulnare
M supinator
M pronator
teres,
Caputulnare
M brachialis
M biceps brachii
M flexor pollicislongus
M flexor digitorumsuperficialis,Caput radiale
Chorda obliqua
lvl pronatorteres
Membrana interosseaantebrachii
M flexorpollicislongus
M llexor digitorum profundus
lvl pronatorquadratus
M, brachioradialis
quadratus
M pronator
F i g . 3 5 2 0 r i g i n sa n d i n s e r t i o n so f t h e m u s c l e s
a t t h e r a d i u sR
, a d i u st ,h e u l n a ,U L n aa, n dt h e
d i s t a lp a r t o f t h e h u m e r u s ,H u m e r u s .
Shoutder Arm
Topog r a p h yI S e c ti o n s
Forearm
Hand
l\4 flexorcarpiulnaris
M palmaris
longus
l\il pronatorteres
M flexorcarpiradialis
F i g .3 5 4 V e n t r a Im u s c l e so f
theforearm;
m i d d [ el a y e r .
F i g .3 5 3 V e n t r a Im u s c t e so f
theforearm;
crrnorf irirl
lrrror
M flexor
digitorum
prolundus
M flexor
pollicislongus
M supinator
M pronator
quaoralus
F i g .3 5 5 V e n t r a Im u s c t e so f
theforearm;
deep layer.
sf
F i g .3 5 6 V e n t r a lm u s c L e o
theforearm;
deepestlayer.
Surface lSkeletonl Muscles
Shoutder Arm
Musclesof the forearm
M. biceps brachii
M tricepsbrachii,
Caputmediale
Septum intermusculare
brachii mediale
M brachialis
Aponeurosis
musculibicipitis
brachii
1-
Epicondylus
medialis
M biceps brachii,Tendo
M palmarislongus
M brachioradialis
lvl.flexorcarpiradialis
M flexorcarpiulnaris
M extensor carDi radialis brevis
M flexordigitorum
superficialis
M extensorcarpiradialislongus
M. flexordigitorum
superficialis
M abductor pollicislongus
M brachioradialis,Tendo
'i
T----
M. flexor pollicislongus
M flexorcarpiulnaris,Tendo
l
M, abductorpollicislongus,Tendo
M palmarislongus,Tendo
quadratus
M pronator
l\4 flexorcarpiradialis,
Tendo
Retinaculum
musculorum
extensorum
F i g . 3 5 7 M u s c l e so f t h e f o r e a r m ;
f t e x o ra s p e c t s, u p e r f i c i alLa y e r .
Topogr a p h y
Forearm
Hand
Muscles
M brachialis
M. tricepsbrachii,
Caputmediale
M brachioradialis
M. brachialis, Tendo
Epicondylus
medialis
M supinator
Bursabicipitoradialis
M bicepsbrachii,Tendo
M. palmarislongus
M. extensorcarpiradialislongus
M. flexorcarpiulnaris
M pronatorteres
M. flexorcarpiradialis
M flexordigitorum
superficialis,
Caouthumeroulnare
M flexordigitorum
superficialis,
Caoutradiale
M. flexordigitorum
superficialis
M abductorpollicislongus
M flexorpollicislongus
Tendo
M. flexorcarpiulnaris,
M pronatorquadratus
M. flexorcarpiradialis,Tendo
M extensorpollicisbrevis,
Tendo
M. palmarislongus,Tendo
M brachioradialis,
Tendo
F i g .3 5 8 M u s c l e so f t h e f o r e a r m ;
f lexoraspect,middle layer.
Shoutder Arm
Musclesof the forearm
M brachialis
l\4 tricepsbrachii
Caputmediale
Septumintermusculare
brachiimediale
M brachioradialis
Epicondylus
medialis
l\4 supinator
M. pronatorteres
M bicepsbrachii,
Tendo
l\4 flexor carpi radialis
M extensor
carpiradialislongus
M palmaris longus
Mm flexores.CaDUtcommune
M, flexor carpi ulnaris
lvl pronatorteres
M flexordigitorum
superficialis
M abductorpollicislongus
M flexorcaroiulnaris.
Tendo
M tlexor pollicislongus
quadratus
M. pronator
abductorpollicislongus,Tendo
M brachioradialis,
Tendo
Fig, 359 Musclesof the forearm;
ftexoraspect,middtetayeraftersectionof
t h e p r o n a t otre r e sm u s c [ e .
M flexor carpi radialis,Tendo
l\4 palmaris longus,Tendo
To p o g r a p h y
Forearm
Hand
Septumintermusculare
brachiimediale
M brachialis
Caputradii
medialis
Epicondylus
brachioradialis
M pronator
teres,Caputulnare
M biceps brachii,Tendo
lvlmflexores,
Caputcommune
M supinator
posterior
A,; V interossea
Radius, Facies anterior
profundus
M flexordigitorum
M extensor
carpiradialislongus
M flexorpollicislongus,Caputhumerale
(Var)
M pronatorteres
M flexorcarpiulnaris
M flexorpollicislongus
M flexordigitorum
superficialis,
Caputradiale
profundus,
Tendines
l\4flexordigitorum
M flexor pollicislongus,Tendo
Tendo
M flexorcarpiulnaris,
M brachioradialis,Tendo
Tendines
M flexordigitorum
superficialis,
M. pronatorquadratus
Radius, Facies anterior
M. palmarislongus,Tendo
M flexor carDiradialis.Tendo
F i g .3 6 0 M u s c t e os f t h e f o r e a r m ;
flexoraspect,deeplayer.
t t
at"t
Shou[der Arm
)rigins andinsertionsof the dorsalmusclesof theforearm
Septumintermusculare
brachiimediale
M tricepsbrachii;M articularis
cubiti
M extensor carpi radialis longus
N4 triceps brachii
Epicondyluslateralis
Epicondylusmedialis
l\4.extensor carpi radialisbrevis
Mm llexores. CaDUtcommune
M extensordigitorum
M anconeus
M flexor carpi ulnaris
M supinator
profundus
flexordigitorum
lvl extensorcarpiulnaris
Membrana
interossea
antebrachii
M pronatorteres
M extensorpollicislongus
M abductorpollicislongus
M extensor pollicisbrevis
M extensor indicis
M abductor pollicislongus
M extensor
digitiminimi
lvl extensordigitorum
M extensorpollicisbrevis
l\4 extensorpollicislongus
M extensor
carpiradialislongus
l\4 extensor
carpiulnaris
l\4 extensorcarpiradialisbrevis
F i g .3 5 1 0 r i g i n sa n di n s e r t i o nosf t h e m u s c L e s
a t t h e r a d i u sR
, a d i u st ,h e u L n aU, L n aa, n dt h e
d i s t ap
I a r to f t h e h u m e r u sh, u m e r u s .
Topography
Forearm
Hand
M brachioradialis
M extensorcarpi
radialislongus
Fasciaantebrachii
M extensor
carpi
radialisbrevis
lvl extensor
digitorum
M extensordigiti
mtntml
M extensor
carpi
u tn a n s
Fig.362 RadiaL
muscLeo
sf
t h e f o r e ar m
F i g .3 6 3 D o r s a Im u s c t e so f t h e f o r e a r m ;
cr rnorf iriel
lvl extensor
pollicislongus
lvl abductor
pollicislongus
M extensor
indicis
M extensor
pollicisbrevis
F i g . 3 6 / r D o r s a Im u s c t e so f t h e f o r e a r m :
m i d d [ el a y e r .
lerror
M supinator
F i g , 3 5 5 D o r s a Im u s c l e so f t h e f o r e a r m ;
oeep rayer.
>>l
Surface lSkeletonl Musctes
S h o u t d e r Arm
Musclesof the forearm
M. biceps brachii
M.tricepsbrachii,Caputlaterale
M. brachialis
Septumintermusculare
brachiilaterale
M brachioradialis
M tricepsbrachii,Caputmediale
M triceos brachii.Tendo
M extensor
carpiradialislongus
Olecranon
lateralis
Epicondylus
M anconeus
M flexor carpi ulnaris
M. extensor carDiradialisbrevis
M brachioradialis,
Tendo
M. extensor
carpiradialislongus,Tendo
M. extensor
carpiradialisbrevis,Tendo
extensorpollicisbrevis
M extensordigitorum,
Tendines
M e)densordigitiminimi,
Tendo
M. extensor
carpiulnaris
Ulna
M extensorpollicislongus,Tendo
M abductorpollicislongus
M abductor pollicis longus, Tendo
M extensor pollicis brevis, Tendo
M extensorcarpiradialisbrevis,Tendo
M. extensor
carpiradialislongus,Tendo
Betinaculum
musculorum
exlensorum
Radius
F i g .3 6 6 M u s c L e os f t h e f o r e a r ma n d
t h e d i s t a tp a r t o f t h e a r m ;
lateraIview;
intermediate
o o s i t i o no f t h e f o r e a r mb e t w e e n
s u p i n a t i o na n d p r o n a t i o n .
To pogr a p h y
Forearm
Hand
Muscles
M tricepsbrachii,
Caputlaterale
M. brachialis
Septumintermusculare
brachiilaterale
M brachioradialis
M. triceps brachii,Caput mediale
M triceosbrachii.Tendo
M. extensorcarpiradialislongus
Epicondyluslateralis
Olecranon
M anconeus
Fasciaantebrachii
M. extensorcaroiradialisbrevis
M. flexorcarpiulnaris
digitorum
M. extensor
M. extensor
carDiulnaris
M extensor
digitiminimi
M. extensor
carpiulnaris,
Tendo
M. abductorpollicislongus
M. extensoroollicisbrevis
M. extensordigitorum,Tendines
M. extensorcaroiradialisbrevis,Tendo
M extensorcarpiradialislongus,Tendo
Radius
F i g . 3 6 7 M u s c t e so f t h e f o r e a r ma n d
t h e d i s t a tp a r t o f t h e a r m ;
extensoa
r s p e c t s, u p e r ifc i a [l a y e r ;
intermediate
o o s i t i o no f t h e f o r e a r mb e t w e e n
s u o i n a t i o na n d o r o n a t i o n .
tt
Musclesof the forearm
Seotumintermusculare
brachiilaterale
M triceps brachii,Tendo
M brachioradialis
lvl triceps brachii,Caput mediale
Epicondylus
lateralis
Olecranon
M extensor
carpiradialislongus
M anconeus
Fasciaantebrachii
M flexorcarpiulnaris
lvlm.extensoresdigitorumet digiti minimi
M extensor caroi radialisbrevis
M extensor carpi ulnaris
M supinator
Radius
M pronatorteres,Tendo
M abductor pollicislongus
M extensor
digitorum,
Tendines
M extensor pollicislongus
M extensor
caroiulnaris.
Tendo
M extensor indicis
M extensor pollicisbrevis
Radius
M extensor
caroiradialisbrevis.Tendo
M extensor carpi radialislongus,Tendo
M extensor carpi ulnaris.Tendo
M, extensor pollicisbrevis.Tendo
M extensor digiti minimi,Tendo
l\4 extensorpollicislongus,Tendo
F i g . 3 6 8 M u s c L eos f t h e f o r e a r m ;
e x t e n s o ra s p e c t ,m i d d t eL a y e r ;
intermediate
p o s i t i o no f t h e f o r e a r mb e t w e e n
s u p i n a t i oann d p r o n a t i o n .
Forearm
Hand
Olecranon
Epicondyluslateralis
Lig. collateraleradiale
Lig anulare radii
lvl extensor carpi radialis brevis
l\4.anconeus
M supinator
lvl flexorcarpiulnaris
Corpusulnae
Corpusradii
teres,Tendo
M, pronator
pollicislongus
M extensor
[/ abductorpollicislongus
M extensor indicis
M extensor pollicisbrevis
Membrana
interossea
antebrachii
Radius
M abductorpollicislongus,
Tendo
l\4 extensor
carpiulnaris,
Tendo
Caputulnae
Retinaculum
musculorum
extensorum*
extensor caroi radialis brevis,
Tendo
M. extensorpollicisbrevis,
Tendo
extensorum*
musculorum
Betinaculum
carpiradialislongus,
M extensor
Tendo
Ligg carpometacarpaliadorsalia
M extensor indicis.Tendo
M interosseus
dorsalislll
M interosseus
dorsalislV
M extensorpollicislongus,
Tendo
dorsalisll
M interosseus
M extensor
digitorum,
Tendines
dorsalisI
M interosseus
ll
Os metacarpi
F i g . 3 6 9 M u s c t e so f t h e f o r e a r ma n d t h e h a n d ;
e x t e n s o ra s p e c t d
, e e pl a y e r ;
p o s i t i o no f t h e f o r e a r mb e t w e e n
intermediate
supination
andpronation
* Thetendoncompartments
retinacutum
formedbytheextensor
h a v eb e e no p e n eldo n g i t u d i n a t t y
tt
Shoutder Arm
Musclesof the forearm
HUmerus
Humerus
M, brachioradialis
M. brachioradialis
lvl biceps brachii
N. medianus
M biceps brachii
Aponeurosismusculi
bicipitisbrachii
Lig collateraleradiale
Lig collateraleradiale
NI biceps brachii,
Tendo
N radialis,R profundus
N medianus
Aponeurosis
musculi
bicipitis
brachii
N radialis,
B profundus
lvl pronatorteres,
Caputulnare
biceps brachii,
Tendo
M supinator
lvl pronatorteres,
Caputhumerale
M supinator
M palmaris
longus
M pronator
teres
M palmarislongus
M llexor carpi radialis
M. flexor carpi radialis
lvlembrana
interossea
antebrachii
Ulna
pronator
quadratus
M pronator
quadratus
Articulatio
radioulnaris
distalis,
Capsula
articularis
F i g . 3 7 0 F o r e a r mi n s u p i n a t i o n ;
v e n t r o p a t m avri e w
A r r o w si n d i c a t et h e d i r e c t i o no f f o r c eg e n e r a t e d
b y t h e m a i n s u p i n a t o rm u s c L e s .
>132,T33,T35
F i g . 3 7 1 F o r e a r mi n p r o n a t i o n ;
v e n t r a Iv i e wo f t h e e t b o wr e q i o n .d o r s a Iv i e wo f t h e
d o r s u mo f t h e h a n d .
A r r o w si n d i c a t et h e d i r e c i i o no f f o r c eg e n e r a t e d
b y t h e m a i n p r o n a t o rm u s c l e s .
)T32,T33,T35
To p o g r a p h y
Forearm
Hand
andinsertionsof the musclesof the hand
M flexor pollicislongus
M tlexorcarpiradialis
2'\',€g
superficialis,
2 3 4 5 M flexordigitorum
Tendines*
{{
!t
M brachioradialis
M. flexorcarpiulnaris
M abductor pollicisbrevis
M. abductor
digitiminimi
l\4 flexorpollicisbrevis,
Caputprofundum
M opponens digiti minimi
pollicis
M opponens
M flexor digiti minimi brevis
lvl flexor carpi radialis
f,
M. flexor carpi ulnaris
I
I
M. extensor
carpiulnaris
t
I
,
il
M flexorpollicisbrevis,
Caputprofundum
M adductor pollicis,
Caput transversum
M. opponens digiti minimi
pollicisbrevis
M abductor
Mm interossei
dorsales
M adductor pollicis,
Caput obliquum
M abductor
digitiminimi
l\4flexorpollicislongus
M flexor diglti minimi brevis
M flexordigitorum
superficialis
profundus
M flexordigitorum
palmares
Mm interossei
F i g . 3 7 2 0 r i g i n sa n d i n s e r t i o n so f t h e m u s c t e so f t h e h a n d
a t t h e b o n e so f t h e h a n d .
* Theftexorsinsertat thesecond
to fifthdiqit
> U p p e rl i m b
>>l
Surface lSkeletonl Muscles
Overview Shoutder Arm
Musclesof thehand
M palmaris
brevis
palmaris
Aponeurosis
Fasciculi
transversi
Mm lumbricales
) T 3 1 ,T 3 6 - T3 8
F i g . 3 7 3 M u s c t e so f t h e p a [ m ;
s u p e r f i c i al[a y e r .
Topography
Forearm Hand
Musclesof the hand
Membrana interosseaantebrachii
quadratus
M pronator
M brachioradialis,
Tendo
Ulna
M flexorpollicislongus,Tendo
Proc styloideus
Tendo
M flexorcarpiulnaris,
Vaginatendinismusculiflexoriscarpiradialis
profundus,
Tendines
M flexordigitorum
Vaginatendinummusculorum
abductoris
longiet extensoris
pollicisbrevis
Os pisiforme
Retinaculum
musculorum
flexorum
lvl abductor
digitiminimi
M abductor pollicisbrevis
M tlexor digiti minimi brevis
M flexor pollicisbrevis,
Caput superficiale
M opponens digiti minimi
M opponens pollicis
Mm lumbricales
M abductor digiti minimi
M abductor pollicisbrevis
M flexor pollicisbrevis,
Caput profundum
metacarpophalangea
Articulatio
V
Capsulaarticularis
l\4 llexor pollicisbrevis,
Caput superficiale
Mm interossei
dorsales
M adductor pollicis,
Caput transversum
Vagina tendinis musculi
flexoris pollicislongi
M flexordigitorum
Tendines
superficialis,
palmares
Mm interossei
M flexordigitorum
superf
icialis,Tendines
F i g . 3 7 1 M u s c L eos f t h e p a t m ;
middteLayer.
> T 32, T 36-T 38
tt
Tendon
sheaths
of thehand
Vaginatendinismusculiflexorispollicislongi
Vaginatendinummusculorum
abductoris
pollicisbrevis
longiet extensoris
M flexorcarpiulnaris,
Tendo
Vagina tendinis musculillexoris carpi radialis
pollicis
M opponens
Betinaculum
musculorum
flexorum
M flexor pollicisbrevis
M abductor digiti minimi
M abductor pollicisbrevis
Vaginatendinismusculi
flexorispollicislongi
M flexor digiti minimi brevis
M opponens digiti minimi
M. adductor pollicis,
Caput transversum
Vaginacommunis
tendinum
musculorum
flexorum
M lumbricalisI
F i g . 3 7 5 T e n d o ns h e a t h sV
, a g i n a et e n d i n u m ,
o f t h eh a n d .
b
5o/o
c
<1%
Fig. 376 a-d Frequentv a r i a t i o nosf t h ep a t m a r
t e n d o ns h e a t h s .
11o/o
T o p o g r a p h yI S e c t i o n s
Forearm Hand
Radius
M abductorpollicislongus,Tendines
Canaliscarpi
M, flexorcarpiradialis,
Tendo
l\/ llexorpollicisbrevis,Caputprofundum
Retinaculum
musculorum
f lexorum
Os pisiforme
M abductorpollicisbrevis
M abductordigiti minimi
M flexor pollicisbrevis, Caput superficiale
Retinaculum
musculorum
f lexorum
M flexorpollicis
brevis,Caputprofundum
pollicis
M opponens
M opponens
digitiminimi
M abductor pollicisbrevis
lvl flexor digiti minimi brevis
M flexor pollicisbrevis,
Caput superficiale
M interosseus
dorsalislV
M interosseus
oalmarislll
l\4 adductor pollicis
M abductordigiti minimi
l\/l flexor pollicis
longus,Tendo
M interosseus
dorsalisI
M lumbricalis
Mm lumbricales
M flexordigitorum
Tendo
superficialis,
M flexor digitorumsuperficialis,Tendo
Vincula Ionga
V i n c u ltae n d i n u m
profundus,
N4flexordigitorum
Tendo
Fig.377 Musctesof the paLm;
deep layer.
M flexor carpi radialis,Tendo
Retinaculum
musculorum
flexorum
Retinaculummusculorumflexorum
M. flexorpollicisbrevis,Caputprofundum
pollicis
M opponens
M adductorpollicis,
Caputobliquum
palmarisll
M interosseus
M abductor pollicisbrevis
l\4 adductorpollicis,
Caputtransversum
M flexor pollicisbrevis
M interosseus
dorsalislll
M adductor pollicis
F i g .3 7 8 M u s c t e so f t h e p a [ m ;
doanaql
M interosseus
dorsalisI
palmarisI
M interosseus
M interosseus
dorsalisll
lt\/ar
'Upper timb
Surface lsketetonl
Muscles
Overview Shoutder Arm
Musclesof thehand
M extensor
digitorum,
Tendines
Caputulnae
M extensorcarDi radialisbrevis.Tendo
M extensor
carpiradialislongus,Tendo
lvl extensor
carpiulnaris,
Tendo
Os trapezium
M extensor Dollicisbrevis.Tendo
l\4 extensorpollicislongus,Tendo
M extensor digiti minimi
Os metacarpi ll
M interosseus
dorsalisll
l\4 inlerosseusdorsalisI
Connexus
intertendinei
Articulationes
interphalangeae
)T34,T35,T37
F i g . 3 7 9 M u s c l e so f t h e d o r s u mo f t h e h a n d .
To p o g r a p h y
Forearm Hand
Vaginatendinismusculi
pollicislongi
extensoris
musculorum
extensorum
Retinaculum
Vaginatendinismusculi
extensoris
carpiulnaris
Vaginatendinummusculorum
extensoris
digitorum
et extensoris
indicis
Vaginatendinismusculi
extensoris
digitiminimi
Connexus
intertendinei
M interosseus
dorsalisI
M extensor digitorum,Tendines
F i g . 3 8 0 D o r s a Ic a r p a lt e n d o ns h e a t h s .
Fascia antebrachii
f lexordigitorum
icialis,
superf
Tendines
Betinaculum
musculorum
flexorum
A ; N. ulnaris
N medianus
lvl flexor pollicis
longus,Tendo
Vaginatendinismusculi
flexorispollicislongi
M flexor carpi radialis,
Tendo
Vaginacommunis
tendinummusculorum
flexorum
Os trapezium
Vagina tendinis musculi
flexoris carpi radialis
Ligg carpometacarpaliapalmaria
Os trapezoideum
Os hamatum
Os capitatum
profundus,
M flexordigitorum
Tendines
F i g . 3 8 1 P a t m a rc a r p a It e n d o ns h e a t h s ;
t r a n s v e r s es e c u o n
n f t h e m e d i a nn e r v e
T h ec o m p r e s s i o o
i n t h e c a r o a Lt u n n e Ii s k n o w na s
"carpaL
t u n n e Ls y n d r o m e " .
t t
at"t
Shoutder Arm
Musclesof thehand
M interosseus
dorsalisI
Mm.interossei
palmares
F i g ,3 8 2 D o r s aiIn t e r o s s e om
u su s c t e s ,
M m .i n t e r o s s de oi r s a t e s ;
dorsaIview.
M interosseus
palmarislll
M. interosseus
palmarisll
F i g .3 8 3 P a t m a ri n t e r o s s e o um
s usctes,
M m . i n t e r o s s epi a t m a r e s ;
p a t m a rv i e w .
T h e t e n d o n so f t h e i n t e r o s s e o uasn d t h e
I ' u m b r i c am
I u s c l e sr a d i a t ei n t ot h e s o - c a t l e d
d o r s a Ia p o n e u r o s ios f t h e f i n g e r sl a r r o w s J .
M. interosseus
palmarisI
To pogr a p h y
Forearm Hand
profundus,
M flexordigitorum
Tendines
M lumbricalis
lV
M lumbricalisll
M lumbricalis
lll
M lumbricalisI
l\/lllexordigitorum
Tendines
superficialis,
l\4llexordigitorum
superficialis,
Tendines
profundus,
M flexordigitorum
Tendines
F i g .3 8 4 L u m b r i c a m
I usctes,
M m .[ u m b r i c a [ e s ;
p a t m a rv i e w
Os metacarpill
M extensorindicis,Tendo
M interosseus
palmaris
M. interosseus
dorsalisI
l\4 lumbricalis
I
M interosseus
palmarisI
M interosseus
dorsalisI
M flexordigitorum
profundus,
Tendo
M lumbricalis
I
Articulatio
metacarpophalangeall,
Capsula articularis
M. flexordigitorum
superficialis,
Tendo
Vagina tendinis,
Stratum fibrosum
Vaginatendinis,
Stratumsynoviale
Vincula longa
Vinculatendinum
Vinculum
breve
Lig collaterale
Lig. collaterale
b
F i g . 3 8 5a , b T e n d o ni n s e r t i o n sa t t h e i n d e x ;
t h e t e n d o n so f b o t hf l e x o r sh a v eb e e nd i s s e c t e d
from
t h e t e n d o ns h e a t h .
a P a L m avr i e w
b L a t e r a Iv i e w
Tuberositas
phalangis
distalis
> U p p e rt i m b
M us c l es
Overview Shoutder Arm
Brachialplexus
* Nn spinales,
Rr.ventrales
+ a Truncussuperior
b Truncusmedius
c Truncusinferior
o a Fasciculus
lateralis
posterior
b Fasciculus
c Fasciculus
medialis
Pars
supraclavicularis
Pars
infraclavicularis
(C5-C7)
N musculocutaneus
(C5-T1)
N medianus
N cutaneus brachii medialis (Tl )
N cutaneus antebrachiimedialis (C8, T1)
(C5,C6)
N. axillaris
N ulnaris(C7-Tl)
N radialis(C5-T1)
(Plexuscervicalis)
1 N. phrenicus
2 N dorsalisscapulae(C5)
3 Rr.musculares
(C5,CO)
4 N suprascapularis
(C5,C6)
5 N subclavius
(C5-C7)
lateralis
6 N, pectoralis
(C5-C7)
7 N. subscapularis
(C6-C8)
I N thoracodorsalis
medialis(C8,Tl )
9 N pectoralis
longus(C5-C7)
10 N thoracicus
(T1)
1.1 N intercostalis
p t e x u sP
, l e x u sb r a c h i a I i s .
Fig.386 BrachiaL
Topography
CubitaIfossa
Forearm Hand
Nervesof the upperlimb
Plexusbrachialis,
Parssupraclavicularis
Radix lateralis
A axillaris
Badix medialis
N cutaneus
brachii
medialis
N medianus
N axillaris
N cutaneus
brachiilateralis
supenor
N cutaneus
antebrachii
medialis
N musculocutaneus
N. radialis
N cutaneus
brachii
n^ciari^r
cutaneusbrachii
lateralis
inferior
N ulnaris
N cutaneus
antebrachii
lateralis
R. superficialis
R. profundus
N. interosseus
antebrachii
anterior
N. cutaneus
antebrachii
posterior
R. dorsalis(N.ulnaris)
R palmaris(N ulnaris)
R communicans
cum neryoulnarl
(N ulnaris)
R prolundus
Nn digitales
parmares
communes
R. superficialis(N. ulnaris)
Nn digitales
palmares communes
Nn digitales
palmares propril
Nn digitales
palmares
propfll
F i g .3 8 7 N e r v e so f t h e u p p e r[ i m b ;
OVETVIEW.
'Upper timb
Surface lskeletonl
Cutaneous
innervation
s n e r v a t i o[ dne r m a t o m eosf]t h eu p p e rL i m b .
F i g .3 8 8 S e g m e n t ca uI t a n e o ui n
n e r m a t o m eosf]t h eu p p e rL i m b .
F i g . 3 8 9 S e g m e n t ca u[ t a n e o ui n
s n e r v a t i o( d
Musctes
CubitaIfossa
Forearm
innervation
Cutaneous
N musculocutaneus,
N cutaneus
antebrachiilateralls
N cutaneus
N. radialis,
brachiilateralisinlerior
N. cutaneusbrachii
N. axillaris,
lateralissuperior
N medianus
N radialis,
R superficialis
Nn.suoraclaviculares
Rr.cutanei
anteriores
pectorales
Nn.intercostales
Rr.cutanei
laterales
pectorales
N ulnaris
N curaneus
antebrachii
1 R anterior
medialis\
R posterior
F i g . 3 9 0 C u t a n e o unse r v e o
s f t h eu p p e rt i m b .
N cutaneus
rs brachiiposterior
oosterior
N. cutaneusbrachiilateralisinlerior
.l
| ru.radiatis
posterior
I N. cutaneusantebrachii
J
R.s
N. musculocutaneus,
N cutaneus
antebrachii
lateralis
Nn. thoracici,
Rr. cutanei
posteriores
N radialis.
N cutaneusbrachiioosterior
N. cutaneusbrachiimedialis
N cutaneusantebrachii medialis
s f t h eu p p e r[ i m b .
F i g . 3 9 1 C u t a n e o unse r v e o
> U p p e rt i m b
Muscles
Overview Shoulder Arm
Musculocutaneousnerve
M coracobrachialis
M biceps brachii
M brachialis
Fig.393 Musculocutaneousnerve,
N musculocutaneus;
s e g m e n t aoI r g a n i s a t i o n .
F i g , 3 9 2 M u s c u t o c u t a n e o un se r v e ,
N. muscutocutaneus;
-,,^^t.,;^^
ruyPryilr9
^-^^^
dr sd>.
T h e s k i n b r a n c h e sa n d t h e
c u t a n e o u si n n e r v a t i o a
nr e
i l t u s t r a t e di n b t u e .
) 4 6 ,3 8 6 ,I 2 t , , T 2 5
Cubitalfossa
Forearm Hand
N medianus
Septumintermusculare
brachiimediale
F i g .3 9 5 M e d i a nn e r v e ,N . m e d i a n u s ;
s e g m e n t aoI r g a n i s a t i o n
M pronator
teres
F i g .3 9 4 M e d i a nn e r v e ,
N.medianus;
crrnnl\/rnn
aralc
) t + 6 , 3 8 6 ,2T4 , T2 5
F i g .3 9 5 M e d i a nn e r v e ,N . m e d i a n u s ;
proximap
L a L s yt:y p i c a Ip o s t u r e .
'Upper limb
Muscles
Overview Shoulder Arm
Ulnarnerve
N. cutaneusantebrachii
medialis
VI
N. cutaneusbrachii
medialis
vtl
I
Septumintermusculare
brachiimediale
F i g .3 9 8 U t n a rn e r v eN
, .u t n a r i s ;
s e g m e n t ao Ir g a n i s a t i o n .
M flexor carpi
ulnaris
R superficialis
F i g . 3 9 7 U L n anr e r v e ,
N .u l n a r i s ;
s u p p l y i nagr e a s .
, 2 4 , T2 5
) 4 6 ,3 8 6 T
F i g . 3 9 9 U t n a rn e r v e ,N . u l n a r i s ;
p r o x i m ap
I atsy
C u b i t afIo s s a F o r e a r m H a n d
Radialnerve
N cutaneusbrachii
posterior
M tricepsbrachii,
Caputlaterale
l\i\,triceps brachii,
Caput longum
M tricepsbrachii,
Caputmediale
N cutaneus
antebrachii
posrenor
Fig.401 Radian
I e r v e ,N . r a d i a t i s ;
s e g m e n t aoI r g a n i s a t i o n .
R superficialis
F i g . 4 0 0 R a d i anI e r v e ,
N .r a d i a t i s ;
s u p p l y i nagr e a s .
) 4 6 ,3 8 6 ,| 2 t , , T2 5
nerve,
Fig.t02 RadiaL
N.radiaLis;
proximaIpatsy.
'Upper timb
Axillarynerve
N cutaneusbrachii
lateralis
superior
Fig. 101 AxiLLary
nerve,N axiLtaris;
s e g m e n t aoI r g a n i s a t i o n
F i 9 . 4 0 3 A x i t l . anr ye r v eN, .a x i L [ a r i s ;
ruPPLyilr9 dtsd>.
The axiltarynerve passesto the
d o r s a Is i d eo f t h e a r m t h r o u g ht h e
q u a d r a n g u L asrp a c ea [ o n gw i t h t h e
posteriorcircumflex humeraIartery.
) I + 6 , 3 8 6 , I 2 t + ,2T5
Fig.405 Axitlarynerve,
N .a x i t t a r i s ;
p a t s y :d e t t o i dm u s c [ ea t r o p h y .
CubitaIfossa
Forearm Hand
Arteriesof theupperlimb
A thoracoacromialis
A axillaris
A. brachialis
A circumflexa
humerianterior
A profunda
brachii
A collateralismedia
A brachialis
A collaleralisradialis
R anterior
A radialis
B posterior
A, recurrens
radialis
A recurrens
ulnaris
interossea
recurrens
A. ulnaris
A interossea
communts
A, interosseaposterior
A radialis
A interossea
anterior
A comitans
nervimediani
R carpalis palmaris
B carpalisdorsalis
R palmaris
superficialis
Arcuspalmaris
profundus
Arcuspalmaris
superficialis
A princeps
pollicis
Aa digitales
palmares communes
A radialisindicis
Aa digitales
palmares propriae
F i g .4 0 6 A r t e r i e so f t h e u p p e r[ i m b ;
overytew.
A r t e r i e sa d j a c e n t o t h e e l b o wj o i n t f o r m t h e
cubitaIanastomosis.
' Uppertimb
M us c tes
0verview Shoulder Arm
Lymphatics
of the axilla
V axillaris
V thoracoepigastrica
Vasa lymphaticasuperficialia
V cephalica
Nodi lymphoidei
axillares
(Plexuslymphaticus
axillaris)
Papilla
mammana
Vasa
lymphatica
superficialia
Vasa
lymphatica
superlicialia
V, basllica
Nodi lymphoideicubitales
V cephalica
F i g . 1 0 7 S u p e r ifc i a LL y m p h a t i c sl y, m p hn o d e sa n d v e i nt r u n k s
i n t h e r e g i o n so f t h e a r m , t h e [ a t e r a It h o r a c i cw a t I
a n dt h e a x i t l a .
CubitaIfossa
Forearm
Fasciaof the chest,theshoulderand theaxilla
Nn,supraclaviculares
intermedii
o
Nn.supraclaviculares
laterales
r
I Nn.supraclaviculares
mediales
M deltoideus,
Fasciao
A thoracoacromialls,
R. pectoralis
O
o M. pectoralismajor,
Fascia
Fascia brachii
Nodilymphoidei
axillares
superficiales
A. thoracica
lateralis
O
a M. obliouusabdominis
externus,Fascia
V thoracoepigastrica
a
M. latissimus
dorsi,Fasciaa
Rr.cutaneilateralesoectorales&
(Nn.intercostales)
Vaginamusculirecti
abdominis
M serratusanterior,
Fasciaa
F i g . 4 0 8 V e s s e tasn dn e r v e isn t h er e g i o nos f
t h eu p p e a
r r m a sw e t [a st h es h o u l d e ar ,n dt h e
c l a v i p e c t o rt raiIa n g [ eT,r i g o n u m
ctavipectorale.
407
M us c [es
0verview Shoutder Arm
.t Fasciculus
posterior
,,i Fasciculuslateralis
i, Fasciculusmedialis
Clavicula
O A subclavia
a V subclavia
M deltoideus,C
Pars clavicularis
a M subclavius
M deltoideus,a
Pars acromialis
Fasciaclavipectoralis
V cephalica O
* Nn pectorales
mediales
O A thoracoacromialis,
Rr pectorales
a M pectoralismajor,
Parsclavicularis
I M pectoralismajor,
Parssternocostalis
254
258
408
t rIi a n g t e ,
F i g .4 0 9 C t a v i p e c t o r a
T r i g o n u mc l a v i p e c t o r a t e
Rete acromiale
A subclavia
R deltoideus
F i g . l r 1 0 B r a n c h i n gp a t t e r no f t h e t h o r a c o - a c r o m i a Ir t e r y ,
A thoracoacromiatis.
T opog r a p h yI S e c ti o n s
CubitaIfossa
Forearm F{and
V thoracoepigastricaO
N intercostobrachialis
V axillarisa
lateralis
O o A ; V thoracica
V subscapularis
a
s l\4 pectoralismajor
A ; V circumflexa
humeriposterior
a a
W brachiales
o
Plexus brachialis, :
Pars inlraclavicularis
', Nn thoracici,
Nn intercostales,
Rr mammarii
laterales
t.
-
/cM.serratusanterior
N intercostobrachialis
N axillaris
lvl teresmajors
A ; V c i r c u m f l e x aO a
scapulae
l\il latissimus dorsi O
A;VthoracodorsalisOo
Nn thoracici,Nn intercostales,a.:
Rr cutanei lateralesoectorales
W thoracoepigastricae O
F i g .t 1 1 A x i L t a rfyo s s a ,F o s s aa x i l t a r i s .
R acromialis
A suprascapularis
R clavicularis
Rete acromiale
A thoracica
superior
R deltoideus
A circumflexa
humeri posterior
A circumflexa
humeri anterior
A. thoracoacromialis
A thoracica lateralis
A, subscapularis
F i g . 1 1 2 A r t e r i e so f t h e s h o u t d e r e g i o n
> Uppertimb
Surface lSketetonl Musctes
Shoutder Arm
Neckandaxillaryfossa
A subclavia
a
V axillaris
o
Parssupraclavicularis
& Plexusbrachialis,
*u N phrenicus
anterior
o M scalenus
l\4,omohyoideus,
a
Venterinferior
a Truncusthyrocervicalis
A transversacollio
o A, vertebralis
o A. carotiscommunis
A. axillaris
O
I Ansa cervicalis
Plexusbrachialis,
&
Parsinfraclavicularis
A. thoraco-i Rr.pector
a
acromtalslR. acromia
\
a M sternothyroldeus
O M sternohyoideus
t N, vagus[Xl
M deltoideus
a
a V brachiocephalica
* M sternocleidomastoideus
I lvl.pectoralis
malor
V cephalica a
& Nn,thoracici,
Nn,intercostales,
Rr.cutanei
anteriores
pectorales
A. axillarisa
pectoralisa
malor
V axillarisO
M. pectoralis
minort
N intercostobrachialis
{t
N. thoracodorsalis
,,
A ; V, thoracicalateralisa a
A;VthoracodorsalisaO
N.thoracicus
longusm
thoracicus
$
[T4],N. intercostalis,
R. cutaneuslateralis
oectoralis
lV.latissimus
dorsia
V thoracoepigastrica
a
Rr.mammarii
laterales
*
F i g .4 1 3 L a t e r atth o r a c iw
c a t [ ;i n f r a c t a v i c uf[oasr s a ,
Fossa
i n f r a c t a v i c u [ aar insd,a x i t l a rfyo s s aF, o s s a
a x i I t rai s .
Topography I Sections
Cubitatfossa
Forearm Hand
and axillaryfossa
Nodi lymphoidei cervicales anteriores,
Nodi superficialeset profundi
V jugularis
externaa
M sternocleidomastoideus
o
o M scalenusmedius
Nodi lvmohoideicervicales
laterales. Nodi suoerf iciales
M, omohyoideus,
a
Ventersuperior
aoA;Vsuprascapularis
a A. subclavia
a M. trapezius
A;VtransversaaO
colli,
R superficialis
* Nn supraclaviculares
laterales
6 N. suprascapularis
Nodilymphoidei
cervicalesant,
superfic et prof.
a M. pectoralis
mtnor
M scalenusa
anterior
a V cephalica
Truncus
jugularis
sinister
Nodi lymphoidei
subscapulares
Noduslymphoideus
cervicalislateralis,
Nodusprofundus
inferior
o M. pectoralis
maJor
Bulbusinferiora
venaejugularis
a N radialis
I N. musculo-
Ductus
thoracicus,
Parscervicalis
CUIANEUS
a A circumtlexa
humeriposterior
a N. medianus
Arcusa
venosusjugularis
a V cephalica
a V brachialis
V jugularis
externao
o N. ulnaris
Nodi lymphoidei
axillares laterales
Truncisubclavius
et bronchomediastinalissinister
e N. cutaneusbrachii
medialis
M subclavius
a
o V brachialis
Nodi lymphoideiintercostales
M pectoralismajora
longus
I N. thoracicus
Costa ll
M pectoralis
minoro
V axillariso
Nodi lymphoidei deltopectorales
A thoracica
suDerior
a
Nodi lymphoideiaxillarescentrales
Nodi lymphoidei
pectorales
lateralis
a aA : V thoracica
t N. intercostobrachialis
258
Fig. 111 Axi[[aryfossa,F o s s aa x i t t a r i sa, n d
d e e pc e r v i c a rI e g i o n ;
e x e m p [ a r yi t t u s t r a t i o o
n f l y m p h a t i c sa n d L y m p h
nodes.
Surface lSketetonl Muscles
Overview Shoutder Arm
Nn supraclaviculares
laterales&
& N intercostobrachialis
V cephalica o
N. musculocutaneus,
&
cutaneus
antebrachii
lateralis
V medianacubitia
N, radialis,N cutaneus $
antebrachii posterior
* N cutaneusbrachiimedialis
& N cutaneus antebrachiimedialis
O V basilica
N cutaneus antebrachiimedialis.
R posterior
i N cutaneus antebrachiimedialis,
R anterior
V mediana antebrachiia
a V basilica
I+17
407
I+21
F i g . 4 1 5 E p i f a s c i avIe s s e l sa n d n e r v e so f t h e s h o u t d e r ,
R e g i od e t t o i d e at ,h e a n t e r i o rr e g i o no f t h e a r m ,
R e g i ob r a c h i ia n t e r i o r a
, n d t h e a n t e r i o rr e g i o n
o f t h e e t b o w ,R e g i oc u b i t a L iasn t e r i o r .
Topography
C u b i t afIo s s a F o r e a r m H a n d
O Rete acromiale
Nn supraclaviculareslaterales
& N axillaris,
N cutaneusbrachiilateralis
superior
Rr cutaneia a
(A ;V circumflexa
humeriposterior)
N axillaris,
N cutaneusbrachiilateralis
suDerior
,
a V cephalica
N cutaneus brachii medialis {.
I N radialis,N cutaneus antebrachiioosterior
Olecranon
Epicondylus
lateralis
ry
119
F i g . 1 1 6 E p i f a s c i avIe s s e t sa n d n e r v e so f t h e s h o u t d e r ,
R e g i od e l t o i d e at ,h e p o s t e r i o r e g i o no f t h e a r m ,
R e g i ob r a c h i ip o s t e r i o ra, n d t h e p o s t e r i o r e g i o n
o f t h e e t b o w ,R e g i oc u b i t a t i sp o s t e r i o r .
422
'Upper timb
>>l
Surface lSketetonl Musctes
S h o u t d e r Arm
Vessels
andnervesof the arm
o N. suprascaoularis
o N. subscaDularis
M. subclavius
O
medialis
a Fasciculus
M deltoideus
a
posterior
e Fasciculus
M pectoralis
minora
a M. subscapularis
Fasciculus
lateralisI
o A. circumflexa
humeriposterior
A axillariso
o M teresmajor
M coracobrachialis
o
M. pectoralis
majora
aA subscaDularis
A circumllexa
humerianteriorO
8 N. thoracodorsalis
N. musculocutaneus
a
V basilicao
Caputlongumo
3 N. cutaneus
antebrachii
medialis
a M tricepsbrachii,
Caputlongum
dorsi
a M latissimus
3 N. cutaneus brachii medialis
M biceps brachii
Caputbrevea
I N. radialis
oA profundabrachii
8 N ulnaris
a M tricepsbrachii,Caputmediale
N musculocutaneus
I
brachiimediale
Septumintermusculare
A brachialisa
Aponeurosis
musculia
bicipitis
brachii
l+15
Fig.417 Vessetsand nervesof the anterior region
o f t h e a r m , R e g i ob r a c h i ia n t e r i o r .
424
CubitaIfossa
Forearm H a n d
Arteriesandnerves
a M. coracobrachialis
M deltoideus
o
a A axillaris
M bicepsbrachii,a
Caputbreve
a N. axillaris
M. pectoralismajorO
a M. teresmajor
M coracobrachialis
a
a N radialis
N. musculocutaneus
a
a N. medianus
M biceosbrachiio
a A. profundabrachii
o M. tricepsbrachii,Caputlongum
o N. ulnaris
ulnarissuperior
O A. collateralis
M. brachialis
a
N musculocutaneus,
a
N cutaneusantebrachiilateralis
I M tricepsbrachii,Caputmediale
a A. collateralisulnarisinferior
A. brachialis
O
N. medianus
i
medialis
Epicondylus
M. brachioradialis
a
a Mm.flexoresantebrachii
F i g ,4 1 8 A r t e r i e sa n d n e r v e so f t h e a n t e r i o rr e g i o n
o f t h e a r m , R e g i ob r a c h i ia n t e r i o r .
M us c tes
S h o u t d e r Arm
Arteriesandnervesof thearm
o M deltoideus
M teresmajorI
N axillaris,
N cutaneusbrachii&
lateralis
superior
A profunda brachii,R deltoideus O
M tricepsbrachii.Caputlongumt
N radialis&
A prolundabrachiia
A brachialis
a
N cutaneusbrachiiposterior
* N radialis,
a M tricepsbrachii,Caputlaterale
o M bicepsbrachii
SeDtumintermusculare
brachiilaterale
a M brachialis
a A collateralisradialis
c N cutaneusbrachiilateralis
inferior
N, cutaneusantebrachii
& N radialis,
Dosterior
A collateralis
ulnarisinferiorO
a M, tricepsbrachii,Caputmediale
' N musculocutaneus,
N cutaneusantebrachii
lateralis
Epicondylus
lateralis
{t N ulnaris
a M brachioradialis
Retearticularecubitia
a M anconeus
Olecranon
carpiradialislongus
a M extensor
o M extensorcarpiradialisbrevis
120
F i g , 1 1 9 A r t e r i e sa n d n e r v e so f t h e p o s t e r i o r e g i o n
o f t h e a r m , R e g i ob r a c h i ip o s t e r i o r .
Topography I Sections
CubitaIfossa
Forearm
Arteriesand nervesof thearm
Lig.transversumscapulaesuperius
O A suprascapularis
N suprascapularis
a
O Rete acromiale
Lig transversum
scapulaeinferius
A. circumflexaO
scapurae
a N. axillaris
o A. circumflexa
humeriposterior
A brachialis
o
N radialisa
A. Drolundabrachii O
a N. cutaneusbrachii
posterior
(N.radialis)
a N. cutaneusbrachii
lateralisinferior
(N.radialis)
A collateralisradialis,R posteriorO
O A collateralis
radialis,
R anterior
a N. cutaneus
antebrachiiposterior
(N radialis)
a N. cutaneus
antebrachiilateralis
(N. musculocutaneus)
A collateralisulnarisinferiorO
Fig.120 Arteriesand nervesof the scaputarregion,
R e g i os c a p u [ a r i sa, n d t h e p o s t e r i o r e g i o n
o f t h e a r m , R e g i ob r a c h i ip o s t e r i o r .
Surface
lSkeletonl
Veinsand nervesof the forearm
N radialis, :,
N cutaneus brachii posterior
a V basilica
N cutaneus *
brachii medialis
V cephalica a
N musculocutaneus,
N cutaneus
antebrachii
lateralis
V medianaa
cubiti
a, N cutaneus
brachii
medialis
N. radialis, ,
N, cutaneus
antebrachii
., N cutaneus
antebrachii
medialis
h^cta/i^.
a V cephalica
, N cutaneus
antebrachii
medialis,
R posterior
Olecranon
V medianao
antebrachii
,t N cutaneus
antebrachii
medialis,
R. anterior
o (v mediana "nFPjlglli
basirica)
n.'otlil1iJ;
o V basilica
a V mediana
antebrachii
N musculocutaneus,
:
N cutaneus
antebrachii
lateralis
.&N. radialis,
N cutaneus
antebrachii
posterior
V cephalica a
N radialis,a
superficialis
a A radialis
,, N radialis,
R. superficialis
V basilica a
a, R, palmaris
(N ulnaris)
* R. palmaris
(N medianus)
o V cephalica
R dorsalis&
(N,ulnaris)
416
439
F i g . 4 2 1 V e i n sa n d n e r v e so f t h e a n t e r i o rr e g i o n
o f t h e f o r e a r m ,R e g i oa n t e b r a c h iai n t e r i o r ;
e p i f a s c i al [a y e r .
Fig. lr22 Veinsand nervesof the posteriorregion
o f t h e f o r e a r m ,R e g i oa n t e b r a c h ipi o s t e r i o r ;
^^;{--^i-t
spild>Lrdr
t^.,^Ldygt.
Muscles
Topography I Sections
Cubitatfossa
Forearm
Hand
of the cubitalfossa
V cephalica
V basilica
V mediana cubiti
V mediana
antebrachii
V cephalica
V basilica
V mediana cubiti
V cephalica
V basilica
(A. brachialis
superficialis,Var )*
(V, mediana cephalica)
(V mediana basilica)
V mediana
antebrachii
V basilica
V cephalica
F i g . 4 2 3a - c V a r i a t i o n isn t h e e p i f a s c i avIe i n so f t h e
c u b i t a If o s s a .
W i t h r e g a r dt o i n t r a v e n o u si n j e c t i o n st,h i s r a r e v a r i a t i o ni s p a r t i c u t a r t y
i m p o r t a n t ,a s a s u p p o s e d [ yi n t r a v e n o u si n j e c t i o nc a n m i s t a k e n [ y
b e c o m ei n t r a - a r t e r i a [ .
M us c tes
Arm
Arteriesandnervesof the forearm
qo^iIm
intermusculare
brachiimediale
Fascia brachii
M biceps brachii 6
M brachialis*
N medianus *
A brachialisa
Aponeurosis
musculibicipitis
brachii
M supinators
A radialisa
M pronator S
teres
$ M tricepsbrachii,
Caputmediale
i N ulnaris;
a A collateralis
ulnarissuperior
Septum
intermusculare
brachiimediale
Fascia
antebrachii
s M biceps
brachii,Tendo
M brachio-s
radialis
A brachialisa
N radialis ?
M brachioradialiss
Humerus,
Epicondylus
medialis
o A ulnaris
a A collateralis
ulnaris
supenor
A collateralisa
radialis
N. radialis,*
R prolundus
M biceps*
Tendo
brachii,
* N ulnaris
a A collateralis
ulnarisinferior
* l\4 brachialis
,, N medianus
o A ulnaris
A radialisO
A recurrens
a
radialis
l\4 supinator*
M flexorcarpi s
radialis
@ M flexor
carpi ulnaris
M extensor S
carpi radialis
brevis
s M palmaris
longus
M flexor digitorums
superficialis
* l\4 flexor
digitorum
superficialis
M brachioradialis,
G
Tendo
M flexor S
pollicislongus
M abductor *
pollicislongus
', N ulnaris
A radialisO
R dorsalis
(N ulnaris)
o A. ulnaris
A radialisa
N medianus*
M pronator S
quavr
O A ulnaris
druJ
Fascia
antebrachii
M extensor*
pollicisbrevis,
Tendo
R palmaris,
(N medianus)
A radialis,
a
R palmaris
superficialis
r: B palmaris
(N ulnaris)
, R dorsalis
(N ulnaris)
a A ulnaris,
R carpalis
dorsalis
421
F i g . 1 2 1 A r t e r i e sa n d n e r v e so f t h e a n t e r i o rr e g i o n
o f t h e f o r e a r m ,R e g i oa n t e b r a c h iai n t e r i o r ;
subfasciaILayer.
F i g , 1 2 5 A r t e r i e sa n d n e r v e so f t h e a n t e r i o rr e g i o n
o f t h e f o r e a r m ,R e g i oa n t e b r a c h iai n t e r i o r ;
c o u r s eo f t h e r a d i a Ia r t e r y ,A . r a d i a t i s
CubitaIfossa
Forearm
Hand
Arteriesandnervesof the forearm
l\/l biceps t
brachii
N radialis :
N radialis,,
B profundus
A ulnariso
o A collateralis
ulnarissuperior
A brachialisa
.., N, ulnaris
o A brachialis
a A collateralis
ulnarisinlerior
N radialis:,
A collateralis
a
& M brachialis radialis
(R anterioo
: ,
Epicondylus
medialis
, N medianus
A, radialisO
A recurrensa
radialis
N radialis, ,
R superficialis
M supinator *
N radialis, ;
R profundus
A recurrens
O
radialis
S M pronator
teres,
M biceps&
Caput
Tendo
utnare
brachii,
M llexor *
pollicislongus
A radialisa
s N. medianus
A interosseaa
* lvl pronator
communrs
teres
M brachioradialis
*
A interosseaa
communrs
a A recurrens
ulnaris
O A recurrens
ulnaris
* M flexor
carpiradialis
M pronator*
teres
A interosseaO
posterior
N interosseus
*
antebrachii
anterior
& M flexor
digitorum
superficialis,
Caputradiale
o A comitans
nervimediani
a A interossea
anlenor
a A ulnaris
N radialis,i
R superficialis
N radialis,
R superficialis
a A ulnaris
A radialisa
i.. N ulnaris
., N ulnaris
A radialisa)
€ l\4 flexor carpi
ulnaris,Tendo
R palmaris
(N medianus)
M flexor carpi g
radialis.Tendo
A radialis,
a
R palmaris
superticialis
t, R dorsalis
(N ulnaris)
a A ulnaris,
R carpalis
dorsalis
M pronator *
quadratus
M flexor 6
pollicis
rongus
I M.Ilexor
carpiulnaris,
Tendo
lvl palmaris*
longus,Tendo
!+19
12
F i g .t 2 6 A r t e r i e sa n d n e r v e so f t h e a n t e r i o rr e g i o n
o f t h e f o r e a r m ,R e g i oa n t e b r a c h iai n t e r i o r ;
oeep rayer.
F i g . 1 2 7 A r t e r i e sa n d n e r v e so f t h e a n t e r i o rr e g i o n
o f t h e f o r e a r m ,R e g i oa n t e b r a c h iai n t e r i o r ;
deep layer after partiaI removaIof the f lexor
s uscte.
d i g i t o r u ms u p e r f i c i a t im
Shoutder Arm
Arteriesand nervesof thecubitalfossa
N. radialisa
A. collateralisa
(R.anterior)
radialis,
M brachioradialis
a
a M. biceps
brachii
a A. brachialis
a N. medianus
Mm extensoresa
carpiradiales
o N. radialis,
R. superficialis
N radialis,a
R. profundus
O A. radialis
M extensor O
digitorum
o A. recurrens
radialis
M. supinator
a
o M. extensorcarpi
radialisbrevis
N. radialis,a
R. profundus
A interosseaa
recurrens
Fig.428 Arteries and nervesof the anterior region
o f t h e e t b o w ,R e g i oc u b i t a L iasn t e r i o r ;
a f t e rr e m o v a o
I f t h e r a d i a tm u s c l e so f t h e f o r e a r m :
l a t e r a [( r a d i a Uv i e w .
O A collateralis
ulnaris inferior
a A. collateralis
ulnarissuperior
N medianus
a
Septum
intermusculare
brachiimediale
A brachialis
a
M. bicepsbrachiia
Epicondylus
medialis
M. brachialis
a
a N. ulnaris
Aponeurosis
musculi
bicipitisbrachii
Olecranon
M. brachioradialis
a
M flexor
carpiulnaris
N. radialisa
Mm flexoresO
antebrachii
A ulnarisa
A radialisO
M. pronatorteresO
N medianus
a
a N ulnaris
a M flexor
profundus
digitorum
Fig.129 Arteries and nervesof the anterior region
o f t h e e t b o w ,R e g i oc u b i t a t i sa n t e r i o r ;
after partiaIremovatof the f lexor musctesof the forearm;
m e d i a [( u L n a rv] i e w .
Topography I Sections
Cubitatfossa Forearm
Arteriesand nervesof the forearm
A. collateralis
O
radialis
A collateralis
o
ulnarisinferior
M triceosbrachiia
N. ulnarisa
A recurrensO
ulnaris
o M. brachioradialis
O M. extensorcarpi
radialislongus
Olecranon
Retearticularea
cubiti
Epicondylus
lateralis
M. anconeus
a
M anconeus
a
o M extensor
carpiradialis
orevrs
A. interosseaO
recurrens
O M supinator
M extensorO
carpiulnaris
a N. radialis,
R. profundus
a N radialis,
R profundus
o M. extensorcarpi
radialisbrevis
O A interossea
posterior
a M. extensor
digitorum
M. extensorO
carpiulnaris,
Tendo
M. extensoro
digitiminimi,
Tendo
RetecarpaleO
dorsale
R. dorsalisa
(N. ulnaris)
o M abductorpollicis
longus
a M. extensorpollicis
brevis
a Rr. musculares
M extensora
digitorum
R. profundus
o
nerviradialis,
N. interosseus
antebrachii
posterior
a M. abductor
pollicislongus
M. extensora
pollicislongus
a N. radialis,
R. superticialis
o N. radialis,
R superficialis
M extensora
carpiulnaris,
Tendo
o A. interosseaanterior
Retinaculum
musculorum
e)densorum
R. dorsalisa
(N. ulnaris)
Retinaculum
musculorum
extensorum
Membranainterossea
O M extensor
pollicisbrevis
o M. extensor
pollicislongus,Tendo
31
F i g . 4 3 0 A r t e r i ea
s n dn e r v e o
s f t h ep o s t e r i orre g i o n
o f t h ef o r e a r mR, e g i oa n t e b r a c hpioi s t e r i o r ;
superficia[
layer.
Fig. 431 Arteries and nervesof the posteriorregion
o f t h e f o r e a r m ,R e g i oa n t e b r a c h ipi o s t e r i o r ;
deep layer.
> U p p e rt i m b
Surface lSkeletonl
Muscles
Shoutder Arm
Arteriesof the
A ulnaris
A radialis
R carpalispalmaris
R carpalis palmaris
B carpalisdorsalis
R palmarisprofundus
R palmarissuperficialis
Arcuspalmarisprofundus
palmares
Aa metacarpales
A princeps pollicis
Arcuspalmaris
superf
icialis
A radialisindicis
palmares
Aa digitales
communes
Aa digitalespalmares propriae
Aa digitalespalmares propriae
F i g . 1 3 2 A r t e r i e so f t h e p a t m ,P a L m a ;
overytew.
F i g .4 3 3 a - d V a r i a t i o n o
s f t h e d e e pp a l m a ra r c h ,
A r c u so a L m a r i o
s r o fu n d u s .
'Textbook
a
c a s e " ,s i m p L ec, L o s e d
arch
b D o u b l . i noqf t h e u L n a ro a r r
A n a s t o m o s iw
s i t h t h e a n t e r i o ri n t e r o s s e o uasr t e r y ,
A . i n t e r o s s e a n t e r i o r[ * ]
T h e r a d i a Ia r t e r y ,A r a d i a I i ss, u p p I i e sb o t h r a d i a t f i n g e r s ,
w h e r e a st h e u l n a ra r t e r y ,A . u t n a r i s s, u p p l i e st h e t h r e e
u I n a rf i n o e r s .
Cubitatfossa
Forearm Hand
Arteriesandnervesof the hand
N medianus,
R palmarisa
N. musculocutaneus,
I
N cutaneus
antebrachii
lateralis
Fascia antebrachii
& N ulnaris
palmaris
Aponeurosis
a M palmarisbrevis
a N digitalispalmarisproprius
A princepspollicisO
Rr.palmares
, N medianus,
E N ulnaris,Rr.palmares
proprii
palmares
t Nn digitales
palmaris
communis
a A digitalis
propriae
palmares
a Aa digitales
transversum
Lig metacarpale
superficiale
Fig. 13t, Arteries and nervesof the paLm,Palma;
s u o e r f i c i al[a v e r .
M us c [es
Arteriesand nervesof the hand
a A. ulnaris
A radialisa
N medianusS
I M. flexorcarpiulnaris
l\4 flexorcarpiradialis,
Tendoi
, r N u l n a r i s , Rp a l m a r i s
A radialis,R palmaris
superficialis
a
Os pisiforme
N medianus,
R palmaris&
* N ulnaris,R. profundus
lvl abductorpollicisbrevisI
o A ulnaris,R caroalisdorsalis
{, N ulnaris,R, superficialis
a A ulnaris,R palmarisprofundus
M flexorpollicisbreviss
proprius
e N digitalispalmaris
cum nervoulnari
*i B communicans
suDerficialis
O Arcuspalmaris
proprius
s N digitalispalmaris
palmares
communes
a Aa digitales
palmares
propriae
Aa digitales
a
Nn. digitalespalmares proprii
I+26
l
t".
.:,_
{
lr37
, alma;
F i g .4 3 5 A r t e r i e sa n d n e r v e so f t h e p a L m P
middteLaver.
43t,
37 Yo
35o/o
F i g , 4 3 6 a - c V a r i a t i o no
s f t h e s u p e r f i c i apI a t m a ra r c h ,
A r c u so a I m a r i ss u o e r f i c i a t i s .
a " T e x t b o o ck a s e " ,c t o s e oa r c n
b T h e u t n a ra r t e r y ,A u t n a r i s s, u p p t i e st h e t h r e e u t n a rf i n g e r s .
c A L If i n g e r sa r e s u p p t i e db y t h e u t n a ra r t e r y ,A u t n a r r s
13o/o
Cubita[fossa
Forearm Hand
Arteriesandnervesof the hand
l/ pronatorquadratusa
A radiallsa
R carpalispalmarisa
o A. ulnaris
O M flexorcarpiulnaris
M flexorcarpiradialis,
Tendoo
R palmaris
superficialis
a
Retinaculum
musculorum
f lexorum
a A. ulnaris,R. carpalis
parmafls
R. palmaris
c N ulnaris,
M llexorpollicislongus,Tendoa
a N. ulnaris,R. superficialis
polliciso
M opponens
a N. ulnaris,R profundus
M. flexorpollicisbrevis,Caputsuperficiale
O
profundus
Arcuspalmaris
O
o M abductor
digitiminimi
M. adductorpolliciso
O A ulnaris,
R. palmarisprofundus
A. princepspollicisO
M abductoroollicisbrevisa
palmares
o Mm.interossei
palmares
propriaea
Aa digitales
o M adductorpollicis
l\4.interosseus
dorsalisI O
O Aa. metacarpales
palmares
a Mm.tlexoresdigitorum,
Tendines
o Mm.lumbricales
o Nn.digitales
palmaresproprii
. Aa. digitales O
parmares propnae
427
, atma;
Fig.137 Arteriesand nervesof t h ep a t m P
deep layer.
435
M us c tes
Arteriesandnervesof the hand
Rr superficiales
& N radialis,
a A radialis
Retinaculum
musculorum
extensorum
posterior
radialis,
N cutaneus
antebrachii
a
Vaginatendinismusculiflexoriscarpiradialis
B palmaris
superticialis
a A radialis,
Rete carpale dorsale O
a A radialis
A radialis,B carpalis dorsalis O
i M abductorpollicislongus,Tendo
t M extensor pollicisbrevis,Tendo
M extensor carpi radialisbrevis,Tendo O
lvl extensor carpi radialis longus,Tendo c
0 M. abductorpollicisbrevis
A radiatisa
pollicis
I M opponens
M extensordigitorum,
Tendines
0
* M extensor pollicislongus, Tendo
Os metacarpi ll
dorsales
s Nn digitales
dorsalis
a A digitalis
Aa metacaroalesdorsales a
s M adductorpollicis
M interosseusdorsalis I Q
l\4.lumbricalis
It
palmarisproprius*
N digitalis
palmarispropriaO
A digitalis
N. digitalisdorsalis *
l-lV Vaginae
tendinummusculorum
extensorum:
I
Vaginatendinummusculorum
longi
abductoris
et extensoris
oollicisbrevis
ll Vaginatendinummusculorum
carpiradialium
extensorum
pollicislongi
lll Vaginatendinismusculiextensoris
lV Vaginatendinummusculorum
extensoris
digitorum
et extensoris
indicis
F i g . 4 3 8 A r t e r i e sa n d n e r v e so f t h e h a n d .
To p o g r a p h yi Se cti o n s
CubitaIfossa
Forearm
Vessels
andnervesof the hand
posterior
N radialis,
N cutaneusantebrachii
N radialis.
R suoerficialis
Retevenosumdorsalemanus
W intercapitulares
Nn digitales
dorsales
F i g . 4 3 9 V e s s e t sa n d n e r v e so f t h e d o r s u mo f
t h e h a n d ,D o r s u mm a n u s
s u p e r f i c i al[a y e r .
'Upper timb
Surface lSketetonl Musctes
Shoutder Arm
Arteriesand nervesof the hand
M. extensor
carpiulnarisO
A interossea
anteriora
s,
N . r a d i a l i sR, . p r o f u n d u&
posterior
N interosseusantebrachii
Membrana
interossea
a M extensorpollicisbrevis
a M abductorpollicislongus,Tendo
a Retecarpaledorsale
a A radialis
a R perlorans
A. radialis,
R carDalis
dorsalisa
a A princepspollicis
I M. extensorpollicislongus,
Tendo
a M adductor pollicis
dorsalis
o M. interosseus
Aa metacarpales
dorsalesO
439
Fig.440 Arteries and nervesof the dorsum of
t h e h a n d ,D o r s u mm a n u s ;
deep layer.
Cubitalfossa
Forearm Hand
Topographic
spacesof the hand
Canalis carpi
M flexor carpi radialis,Tendo
N medianus
Fasciaantebrachii
A ulnaris
N ulnaris
M, palmarislongus,Tendo
Retinaculum
musculorum
f lexorum
Thenar
Canaliscarpi
Os pisiforme
Hypothenar
Ligg metacarpaliapalmaria
Tendo
M extensordigitorum,
Ossa metacarpi
profundus,
M tlexordigitorum
Tendines
palmaris
Aponeurosis
Tendines
M flexordigitorum
superficialis,
Mm lumbricales
(Aponeurosis
dorsalis)
Phalanxproximalis
prolundus,
lvl flexordigitorum
Tendo
M llexordigitorumsuperficialis,
Tendines
Vaginatendinum
N. digitalispalmarisproprius
F i g . 1 1 1 F a s c i a Ic o m p a r t m e n t s o f t h e h a n d .
* C [ i n i c atIe r m : [ i g a m e n ot f G R A Y S O N
+ * C t i n i c atIe r m ; [ i g a m e n ot f c L E L A N D
* * * C t i n i c atIe r m : u l n a rc a n a [ C
, a n a t i su t n o c a r p a t il st o g ed e G U Y O N I
> U p p e rl i m b
M us c tes
Hand,sagittalsection
Membrana
interossea
a A interosseaposterior
A interossea
anteriora
a M extensordigitorum
quadratus
M pronator
O
a M, abductorpollicislongus,Tendines
a M extensorpollicislongus,Tendo
profundus,
M flexordigitorum
Tendines
a
Radius
Articulatio
radiocarpalis
Retinaculum
musculorum
llexorum
Os lunatum
l\4flexordigitorum
superficialis,
Tendines
t
o Retecarpaledorsale
Rete carpale oalmare a
Os capitatum
Aooneurosis
oalmaris
Os metacarpi
lll, Basis
palmarislll O
A metacarpalis
Arcuspalmaris
superficialis
a
palmarisll
t M, interosseus
palmaris
A digitalis
communislll a
dorsalislll
a M interosseus
dorsalislll
a A. metacarpalis
M l u m b r i c a l i sl l l , T e n d oa
A digitalispalmaris propria O
O A digitalisdorsalis
Phalanx proximalis
Vagina tendinum
Phalanx media
Phalanx distalis
F i g . 1 1 2 H a n d ,M a n u s ;
s a g i t t a sI e c t i o na t t h e L e v eoI f t h e u t n a r p t a n eo f t h e m i d d t ef i n g e r .
* C t i n i c at eLr m :I i g a m e notf c L E L A N D
* +C [ i n i c at eLr m :[ i g a m e notf G R A Y S O N
Topography
CubitaIfossa
Forearm H a n d
Cutaneous
innervation
F i g . t t 3 P o i n t so f i n j e c t i o nf o r r e g i o n a I
conduction
a n a e s t h e s ia t t h e m i d d L ef i n q e r .
Fig. 111 Pa[m,Patma;
s e g m e n t a cI u t a n e o u si n n e r v a t i o n .
F i g . 1 1 5 D o r s u mo f t h e h a n d ,D o r s u mm a n u s ;
s e g m e n t acI u t a n e o u si n n e r v a t i o n .
M us c l es
Shoutder Arm
Arm, transversesections
Fascia brachii
V cephalica a
a M bicepsbrachii
& N musculocutaneus
a A. brachialis
M brachialisI
O V brachialis
M coracobrachialisc
s N medianus
Humerus
o V basilica
Septumintermusculare
brachiilaterale
N radialis {}
s N. ulnaris
A profunda brachii a
SeDtumintermusculare
brachiimediale
M tricepsbrachii,Caputlateraleo
a lvl.tricepsbrachii,Caputlongum
a M triceps brachii,Caput mediale
F i g .1 1 5 A r m , B r a c h i u m ;
t r a n s v e r s es e c t i o n .
V cephalica
lvl bicepsbrachii
V brachialis
M brachialis
Humerus
V basilica
Septumintermusculare
brachiimediale
Septumintermusculare
brachiilaterale
M tricepsbrachii
Fig.117 Arm, Brachium,
m a g n e t i cr e s o n a n c e
t o m o g r a p h i ci m a g el M R l ) ;
c r o s s - s e c t i oant t h e [ e v e [o f t h e m i d d t eo f t h e a r m :
distaIview.
T o p o g r a p h yI S e c ti o n s
C u b i t afIo s s a F o r e a r m H a n d
Arm, transversesections
s l\,4bicepsbrachii
M. brachialis
o
Fascia brachii
V cephalica a
o A brachialis
N cutaneusantebrachii
medialis
lvl brachioradialis*
a V brachialis
* N medianus
N radialis ,
t N, cutaneus brachii medialis
A profunda brachii a
a V basilica
M extensor carpi radialislongus i,
ulnarissuperior
a A collateralis
Cristasupraepicondylaris
lateralis
Seotum intermuscularebrachii mediale
HUmerus
* N ulnaris
M triceps brachii O
Fig. 118 Arm, Brachium
t r a n s v e r s es e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e l o w e rt h i r d
o f t h ea r m .
M, biceps brachii
A brachialis
V cephalica
V basilica
M brachialis
l\,4brachioradialis
Humerus
Ulna
M triceps brachii
F i g .t t 9 A r m , B r a c h i u m
m a g n e t r rce s o n a n cteo m o g r a p h ii cm a g eI M R l l ;
c r o s s - s e c t i oant t h e [ e v e [o f t h e l o w e rt h i r d o f t h e a r m :
distaIview.
Surface lSketetonl Musctes
Arm
Forearm, transversesections
Fascia antebrachii
o A brachialis
V mediana cubiti o
r N medtanus
V brachialisa
g M pronatorteres
M biceps brachii.Tendo *
* M flexor carpi radialis
V cephalica o
a V basilica
superficialis
0 l\4.flexordigitorum
t M palmarislongus
M extensor carpi radialislongus $
ii N ulnaris
M supinator
*
* M llexorcarpiulnaris
lvl extensor carpi radialis brevis €!
Radius,Caputradii
M brachialisS
proximalis
radioulnaris
Articulatio
* Nl anconeus
Fig.450 Forearm,Antebrachium;
t r a n s v e r s es e c t i o na t t h e L e v eoI f t h e
o r o x i m a rI a d i o - u L n ai ro i n t
V basilica
V mediana cubiti
l\4 brachialis
lvl biceps, Tendo
M pronator teres
V cephalica
M flexor carpi radialis
l\4 brachioradialis
M flexor digitorumsupedicialis
M extensor carpi radialislongus
Ulna
l\4 extensor carpi radialisbrevis
Radius,Caputradii
M anconeus
Fig.451 Forearm,Antebrachium;
m a g n e t i cr e s o n a n cteo m o g r a p h ii cm a g eI M R l ) ;
c r o s s - s e c t i oant t h e l e v e Lo f t h e e t b o wi o i n t :
distalview.
To pogr a p h y
)ubital fossa
Forearm
Hand
Forearm, transversesections
M. palmaris
longus,Tendoo
a V mediana antebrachii
M flexordigitorum
superficialis
o
M flexorcarDiradialisa
a M flexorcaroiulnaris
N. medianus
a
a A ulnaris
M. flexorpollicislonguso
O N. ulnaris
M. brachioradialisa
A radialiso
N, radialisa
M pronatorteres
a
M extensor
carpiradialislongusa
N interosseusantebrachiianteriorc
O M. extensorcarpiulnaris
l\4 extensorcarpiradialisbrevisO
a M. extensorpollicislongus
M extensordigitorum
a
M abductorpollicislongusa
digitiminimi
a M extensor
posterior
antebrachii
a N interosseus
Membranainterossea
Fig.452 Forearm,
Antebrachium;
t h el o w e rt h i r do f
t r a n s v e r ssee c t i o tnh r o u g h
t h ef o r e a r m .
M. palmarislongus,Tendo
M flexorcarpi
radialis
M, flexor
carpiulnaris
l\/ flexordigitorum
superficialis
M brachioradialis
M. llexor
prolundus
digitorum
M llexorpollicis
longus
Radius
Ulna
Mm extensores
Membranainterossea
antebrachii
Fig.453 Forearm,Antebrachium;
m a g n e t i cr e s o n a n c teo m o g r a p h i ci m a g eI M R l ) ;
cross-sectionat the Levelof the middl.eof the forearm:
distaIview.
Shoutder Arm
Forearmand hand,transversesections
M palmarislongus,Tendo||
M flexordigitorum
superficialis,
Tendines*
a
Fascia antebrachii
t M flexordigitorum
superficialis*
N medianus, R palmaris *r
N medianus !,
a*A;N
M flexor carpi radialis.Tendo* C
ulnaris
a M. flexorcaroiulnaris
M flexor pollicislongus.Tendo* C
profundus*
a M flexordigitorum
A r a d i a t ias
tlN
N musculocutaneus,
)
N cutaneusantebrachii
lateralis
M abductorpollicislongus,Tendines*
o
ulnaris,R dorsalis
O M pronatorquadratus
Articulatio
radioulnaris
distalis,
Recessus
sacciformis
V,cephalica;
N, radialis,
R superticialis
o *
Fascia antebrachii
M extensor pollicisbrevis.Tendo* e
Ulna
M brachioradialis,Tendo a
a lvl extensorcaroiulnaris.Tendo*
Mm extensores
caroiradialesi
longuset brevis,Tendines*
Articulatio
radioulnaris
distalis
Radius
a M extensordigitiminimi*
Fascia antebrachii
Telasubcutanea
M extensor pollicis longus,Tendo* a
V basilicao
a M extensor indicis*
c lvl extensordigitorum*
Retinaculum
musculorum
extensorum
F i g . 1 5 1 F o r e a r mA
, ntebrachium;
t r a n s v e r s es e c t i o na t t h e l e v e Io f t h e d i s t a Ir a d i o - u t n ajro i n t .
A t t h i s l e v e [ t, h e m u s c L et e n d o n sm a r k e dw i t h + r u n w i t h i n
t e n d o ns h e a t h sV, a g i n a tee n d i n u m
l\4.palmarislongus,Tendoa
Retinaculum
musculorum
llexorum
Thenar
Hypothenar
N medianus * !*
l\rlflexorpollicislongus,Tendoa
O**A;N ulnaris**
M, flexor carpi radialis,Tendo a
a Mm flexoresdigitorum,
Tendines
Os trapezium
l\/ abductorpollicislongus,Tendoa
Os triquetrum
l\4 extensorpollicisbrevis,Tendoa
a lvl extensor
caroiulnaris.
Tendo
V cephalica a
Os hamatum
A radialisa
Mm extensores
carpiradiales.
Tendines
a
M extensor pollicislongus,Tendo a
Os trapezoideum
a M extensor
digitiminimi,Tendo
o V basilica
Os capitatum
digitorum,
a M extensor
Tendo
Tendo
a M extensorindicis,
F i g .4 5 5 W r i s t ,C a r p u s ;
t r a n s v e r s es e c t i o na t t h e l e v e Lo f t h e h o o ko f t h e h a m a t e
b o n e ,H a m u t u so s s i sh a m a t i .
* C a r p at L
unneI
* * u t n a rc a n alIt o g ed eG U Y O N ]
To p o g r a p h yI Se c ti o n s
CubitaIfossa
Forearm
Hand
Hand, transversesections
palmares
communes;
a Aa digitales
r, N medianus
Mm.lumbricales
a
M flexorpollicisbrevis,a
Caputsuperficiale
l\4 flexor pollicislongus,Tendo, O
Vagina tendinis
M. abductorpollicislongusa
superficialis,
a M. flexordigitorum
Tendines
O lV abductor
digitiminimi
a M opponens
digitiminimi
Os metacarpiV
polliciso
M opponens
profundus,
o M flexordigitorum
Tendines
pollicis
Os metacarpi
[,l1extensorpollicisbrevisa
O M extensor digiti minimi
lvl extensorpollicislonqus,a
Tendo,Vaginatend-inis
M flexorpollicisbrevis,a
Caputprofundum
palmarislll
a M interosseus
dorsalislV
o M. interosseus
M adductor polliciso
M interosseus
dorsalisI O
A metacarDalis
oalmarisO
Os metacarpiindicis
palmarisI a
M. interosseus
M interosseus
dorsalisll O
Os metacarpilV
a M. interosseus
oalmarisll
dorsalislll
a M interosseus
F i g . 4 5 6 M e t a c a r p u sM, e t a c a r p u st ;r a n s v e r s es e c t i o na t t h e l e v e Io f t h e t h i r d m e t a c a r p abI o n e .
Corpusphalangis
N digitalisdorsalis c
o M extensordigitorum,
Tendo*
dorsalis
& N digitalis
Periosteum
profundus,
Tendo
o l\/ flexordigitorum
Mesotendineum
a A digitalispalmarispropria
N digitalispalmarispropriusI
Vaginatendinum digiti
M flexordigitorum
superticialis,
TendoO
Fig.457 Middte
fi n g e rD
, i g i t um
s e d i u sI l l l l ;
t r a n s v e r s es e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e s h a f to f t h e p r o x i m a p
l haLanx.
* S o - c a t t e d o r s a Ia p o n e u r o s iisn t ow h i c ht h e b r a n c h i n g
tendon
o f t h e e x t e n s o rd i g i t o r u mm u s c t e ,a s w e t l a s t h e t e n d o n so f t h e
i n t e r o s s e o u sa n d [ u m b r i c a Im u s c t e sr a d i a t e
Corpusphalangis
Mesotendineum
palmarisproprius*
N digitalis
a A digitalispalmarispropria
Vagina tendinum digiti
profundus,
M flexordigitorum
Tendoa
F i g . 4 5 8 M i d d L fei n g e r D
, i g i t u sm e d i u sI l l l l ;
t r a n s v e r s es e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e s h a f to f t h e m i d d t ep h a t a n x
* S o - c a t l e dd o r s a Ia p o n e u r o s t s
Brain
Bloodvessels C r a n i a bI a s e
Cr aniaIner ves M e n i n g e s Par tsof the br ai n
Arteriesof the head
A.temporalis
J
superficialis
I
B frontalis
\ F parietalis
A. carotisinterna,
Parscavernosa
( R.frontatis
A. menrngea
.l
meoraI
\ R parietalis
A temporalis
superficialis
A suPraorbitalis
n,opntnat-f
micaI
\ A supratrochlearis
Aa temDoralesorofundae
A basilaris
A angularis
A sphenopalatina
A infraorbitalis
A. vertebralis
A. palatina
oescenoens
A infraorbitalis
A meningea
media
A auricularis
posterior
A labialissuperior
A buccalis
A transversa
faciei
A occipitalis
A alveolarisinferior
A maxillaris
A pharyngea
ascendens
A labialisinferior
A facialis
A submentalis
A. vertebralis
A carotisexterna
A thyroidea
superior
A carotiscommunis
A carotisinterna,Sinuscaroticus
F i g . 4 5 9 E x t e r n aaI r t e r i e so f t h e h e a d .
Ventrictes T o p o g ra p h y S e cti o n s S p i n act o r d
Pathways
Arteriesof the head
A callosomarginalis
A cerebrimedia
A carotisinterna,
Parscerebralis
A cerebrianterior
A. communicans
posterior
A cerebriposterior
A inferioranteriorcerebelli
A ophthalmica
A basilaris
A. inferioroosterior
cerebelli
Siphoncaroticum
A carotisinterna.ParsDetrosa
A carotisinterna,
Parscavernosa
A vertebralis
A carotisinterna.Parscervicalis
A carotisexterna
A. carotiscommunis
Fig.460 Internaa
I r t e r i e so f t h e h e a d .
F i g . 4 6 1a , b I n t e r n a Ic a r o t i da r t e r y ,A . c a r o t i si n t e r n a ;
r a d i o g r a p h as f t e r u n i t a t e r aiIn j e c t i o no f a c o n t r a s tm e d i u m
[ an gi o gr am s ) .
T h e c o n t r a s tm e d i u ma t s od i s t r i b u t e st o t h e v e s s e t so f t h e
c o n t r a t a t e r asti d ev i a t h e a r t e r i a Ic i r c t e .
a A P - r a d i o g r a p hd,i g i t a ts u b t r a c t i o na n g i o g r a p hIyD S A ]
b L a t e r a Ir a d i o g r a p hd, i g i t a Ls u b t r a c t i o na n g i o g r a p htyD S A )
Bl,oodvessels
Craniab
I ase
Cr aniatner ves M e n i n g e s P a r t so f t h e b r a i n
V thalamostriata
suoerior
parietalis
V emissaria
inferior
Sinussagittalis
W superiores
cerebri
V interna cerebri
Foramen
interventriculare
Sinussagittalis
superior
(V emissaria
frontalis)
V magna
cerebri*
V basalis"*
Sinus
sphenoparietalis
Sinusrectus
V.ophthalmica
supenor
V angularis
V.emissaria
occipitalis
Confluens
sinuum
V occipitalis
V emissaria mastoidea
Sinussigmoideus
Bulbussuperior
venaejugularis
V facialis
V retromandibularis
V jugularisinterna
F i g ,t 6 2 I n t e r n a a
I n d e x t e r n a vLe i n so f t h e h e a d .
* Veinof GALEN
* * R O S E N T H A L 'VSe i n
*+*Vein of LABBE
Emissaryveins,Vv.emissariae- Passagesthroughthe skutt
\v/ . d
s rmr ii .l J. .J. oi rr
r d ^P ror ri ^r+c ^Lld; -u J
Fnremo
t tns t I n
olE
p torti ot lsrLl o
V e m i s s a r im
a a s t o i d e-aF o r a m e m
n astoideum
V e m i s s a r ioac c i p i t a t-i sP a s s a gien t h e r e g i o no f t h e
P r o t u b e r a n toi ac c i n i t a Lei sx t e r n a
V .e m i s s a r i ca o n d y t a r i-sC a n a t i cs o n d y l a r i s
P t e x u sv e n o s u sc a n a L inse r v ih y p o g t o s-s iC a n a [ i sn e r v i
hypoL
gossi
P t e x u vs e n o s u sf o r a m i n i so v a l i s- F o r a m e no v a L e
P t e x u vs e n o s u sc a r o t i c u isn t e r n u s- C a n a t i cs a r o t i c u s
Ve nt ric [ e s T o p o g ra p h y S e cti o n s S p inaIcor d
Pathways
Veinsof the head
Sinussagittalis
superior
parietalis
V emissaria
Suturasagittalis
Granulationes
arachnoideae
.\
Eproermrs
I
I cutis
Dermis[Corium]J
Lacunaelaterales
Galeaaponeurotica
Os parietale
Laminaexterna
Vv diploicae
Diploe
""*."
Laminainterna
]
Duramatercranialis
Spatium
Arachnoidea
mater
cranialis
Piamatercranialis
Spatium
subarachnoideum
Substantia
alba
F i g . 4 6 3 C a l v a r i aC, a t v a r i am
, e n i n g e sa, n d d u r a I
; e n i n g e sM
v e n o u ss i n u s e s S
, i n u sd u r a em a t r i s .
I n t h e a d u [ t ,t h e c e r e b r o s p i n af Lt u i di s m a i n [ yr e a b s o r b e di n t o
t h e v e n o u ss y s t e mt h r o u g ht h e a r a c h n o i dg r a n u t a t i o n s .
A d d i t i o n a L trye,a b s o r p t i o on c c u r st h r o u g ht h e t y m p h a t i c
s h e a t h so f s m a [ Lv e s s e t so f t h e c r a n i a Lp i a m a t e ra n d t h r o u g h
t h e p e r i n e u r asI h e a t h so f t h e c r a n i a La n d t h e s p i n a Ln e r v e s .
Suturasagittalis
Suturacoronalis
Vv diploicae
occipitales
W diploicae
frontales
Vv diploicae
temporales
anteriores
W diploicae
temporales
posteflores
F i g . 1 6 1 D i p t o i cc a n a [ s C
, a n a t e sd i p L o i cai ,n d d i p t o i cv e i n s ,
V v .d i p l o i c a eo, f t h e c a l v a r i a ;
t h e e x t e r n a tI a b t eo f c o m o a c tb o n eh a s b e e nr e m o v e df r o m
the catvaria.
Bl.oodvessels
C r a n i a Ib a s e
Cr aniatner ves M e n i n g e s
Par tsof the br ai n
Duralvenousslnuses
Sinusoetrosusinferior
superior
Sinussagittalis
inferior
Sinussagittalis
Sinussphenooarietalis
W superiorescerebri
A carotisinterna
N opticuslll
V magnacerebri
Sinuscavernosus
Hypophysis
Sinustransversus
Sinusintercavernosi
Sinussigmoideus
Plexusbasilaris
Sinusrectus
Confluens
sinuum
Sinusoccipitalis
Sinusmarginalis
Foramenmagnum
Sinusoetrosus
suDerior
F i g ,4 6 5 C r a n i a d
t u r a m a t e r ,D u r am a t e r c r a n i a l i s
a n d d u r a lv e n o u ss i n u s e s S
, i n u sd u r a em a t r i s ;
a f t e r o a r t i a Ir e m o v a o
l f t h e t e n t o r i u mc e r e b e t l i .
Cranialduramater,Duramatercranialis
T h ec r a n i a dI u r am a t e rL i n e tsh e c r a n i acI a v i t yc o m p L e t e L y
a n dt i g h t t ya d h e r e st o t h e s k u Lbl .o n e T
. h ec e r e b r afIa [ x
p r o t r u d e isn t h e s a g i t t apl .L a n e
i n a s i c k l e - L i kseh a p ea n d
s t r e t c h efsr o mt h e c r i s t ag a L ttio t h e r i d g eo f t h e t e n t o r r u m
c e r e b e Lw
L ih, i c h ,i n t u r n ,o v e r s t r e t c h e
t hse p o s t e r i ocr r a n i a l
f o s s aa n d i s a t t a c h e d
a [ o n qt h e t r a n s v e r ssei n u sa n dt h e
p y r a m i d ael d
. g e T h em a r g i n so f t h e t e n t o r i anI o t c he n v e t o p
t h e m i d b r a i an n dt a p e ro f f i n t oi h e a n t e r i oar n dp o s t e r i o r
clinnid nrncpcc Thc ecrcIpaLfa[x and the tentorium
c e r e b e [d[ i v i d e
t h ec r a n i a L c a viint yt ot h r e es p a c e tsh a ta r e
i n c o m p t e t est ye p a r a t efdr o m o n ea n o t h e rc, o n t a i n i n g
t h e t w o c e r e b r ahI e m i s p h e r easn dt h e c e r e b e t l u m .
Vent ric t e s T o p o g ra p h y S e cti o n s S p i n a Ic o n d
Pathways
V ophthaimica
superior
Sinussphenoparietalis
Sinusintercavernosi
Sinuscavernosus
V meningea media
Plexusbasilaris
Plexusvenosus
foraminis
ovalis
Sinuspetrosus
inferior
Sinusmarginalis
Sinuspetrosus
supenor
Bulbussuperior
venaejugularis
Sinus occipitalis
Sinussigmoideus
Sinusrectus
Confluens
sinuum
Sinustransversus
Sinussagittalis
superior
F i g . 1 6 6 D u r a Lv e n o u ss r n u s e sS, i n u sd u r a em a t r i s ;
corrosron
cast.
T h e s i n u s e sc o n t a i nn o v a t v e sa n d f e a t u r er i g i dw a t l . s .
+ V e i no f r a g s Et o t h es u p e r f i c im
a ti d d t ce e r e b r av Ie i n s
DuraIvenoussinuses,
Sinusduraematris
T h ed u r a vL e n o u s i n u s e as r er i g i dv e n o u cs h a n n e L s
T h et w o c a v e T n o ussi n u s e sa s s u m ea c e n t r a pI o s i t i o nb y
w i t h o u vt a L v edsr a i n i n gt h e v e n o u sb l o o df r o mt h e b r a i nv i a
b e i n gs i t u a t e idn t h e m i d d Lcer a n i a L f o stsoat h e r i g h t
s o - c a L [ ebdr i d g i nvge i n s
a n dt h e l e f to f t h e s e [ a t u r c i c aT. h e yc o m m u n i c a twer t h
T h em a i nd r a i n a gfer o mw i t h i nt h es k u Lol c c u r sv i at h e
t h e i n t e r c a v e r n osui ns u s e as n de i t h e r
e a c ho t h e rt h r o u g h
sigmoid
s i n u s e isn t ot h e i n t e r n a L l u g uv[ aeri n sA. d d i t i o n a L L d
y ,i r e c t Loyr i n d i r e c t Lwyi t h m o s to t h e rs i n u s e sa n dw i t ht h e
t h es u p e r i oor p h t h a t mvi ce i n sa n dt h eh i g h Lvya r i a b Leem i s s - v e i n so f t h eo r b i ta n dt h e i n f r a t e m o o rfaoLs s a
a r yv e i n sf o r ma s e r i e so f s m a L [ e L
r ,i k e w i svea l v e l e svse, n o u s
c o n n e c t i o nb se t w e etnh e i n t r a -a n de x t r a c r a n iraeLq i o n s
> Brain
B l o o dv e s s e [ s
CraniaIbase Cr aniaIner ves M e n i n g e s
P a r t so f t h e b r a i n
Externalsurfaceof the cranialbase
Foramina incisiva
'.;
Foramenpalatinum
majus
Contentsof the foraminaof the external
surfaceof the cranialbase
Foraminaincisiva
u sm a x i L L a[rVi s/ 2 ] l
N . n a s o p a L a t i n( N
Foramenpatatinummajus
s a j o rI N . m a x i L t a r[i V
s /2])
N p a l a t i n um
^ ^ - r ^ + i - -^^ ; ^ - lt H^ ^ - L a t i ndae s c e n d e n s ]
H. PdLdLil rd r rdJUr
Po
Foramina palatina minora
Fissuraorbitalisinferior
Foraminapatatinaminora
n ii n o r e {sN .m a x i L L a [rV
i s/ 2 ] l
Nn paLatim
e i n o r e (sA p a t a t i ndae s c e n d e n s l
A a p a t a t i n am
Foramen ovale
Fissuraorbitatisinferior
s .m a x i t l a r i s ]
A i n fr a o r b i t a L[iA
V o p h t h a L m iicnaf e r i o r
i s/ 2 l l
N i n f r a o r b i t a l{. N
i s m a x i L L a rl V
N z y g o m a t i c uI sN m a x i t l a r i[sV / 2 ] )
Foramenrotundum(seeFiq ?1,?3J
N m a x i L L a r[ iVs/ 2 ]
Foramenovale
N m a n d i b u l a r[iVs / 3 ]
P L e x uvse n o s ufso r a m i n iosv a L i s
Fissura
sphenopetrosa;
Foramen
lacerum
Foramen
sprnosum
Foramenspinosum
i s/ 3 ] l
R . m e n i n g e uI sN m a n d i b u L a [rV
A m e n i n g em
a e d i a[ A m a x i L t a r i s )
Apertura
exlerna
canails
carotici
et Foramenlacerum
Fissurasphenopetrosa
u sJ )
s i n o rI N g t o s s o p h a r y n g Iel X
N p e t r o s um
s a j o rI N .f a c i a L li V
s ll]l
N . p e t r o s um
N p e t r o s upsr o f u n d uIsP l e x ucsa r o t i c ui sn t e r n u s J
Aperturaexternacanaliscarotici+ Canaliscaroticus
, a r sp e t r o s a
A c a r o t i si n t e r n aP
P l e x u vs e n o s ucsa r o t i c ui sn t e r n u s
P L e x ucsa r o t i c ui sn t e r n u [sT r u n c ussy m p a t h i c u s ,
su
G a n g L i oc n
ervicaL
eperius)
Canaliculus
mastoideus
Meatus
acusticus
externus
Foramen
stylomastoideum
Foramen
JUgUlare
Foramenstylomastoideum
N f a c i a L [i V
s ll]
Foramenjugulare
Anteriorpart:
Canalisnervi
hypoglossi
Qinrrq notrncr rc inferinr
N g L o s s o p h a r y n gI e
l Xuls
part:
Posterior
r p h a r y n g eaas c e n d e n s l
A m e n i n g epao s t e r i ol A
jugutaris)
S i n u ss i g m o i d e u( sB u l b u s u p e r i ovre n a e
N v a g u s[ X l
R m e n i n q e u(sN v a-q u s[ X ] )
N a c c e s i o r i u tsX l l
Canalicutusmastoideus
R a u r i c u t a r ni se r vvi a g i{ N v a g u sI X J )
Canaliscondylaris
Foramen magnum
Canalisnervi hypogl.ossi
N h y p o g t o s s u[ X
slll
P l e x u sv e n o s u sc a n a t i sn e r v ih y p o g L o s s i
Canatiscondylaris
V .e m i s s a r i ca o n d y l a r i s
Maxilla
osfrontate
Osparietale
I
ffi
Os palatinum
Os sphenoidale
vor",
Os temporale
Oszygomaticum
Os occipitale
F i g . 1 6 7 E x t e r n a sLu r f a c eo f t h e c r a n i a Ib a s e ,
B a s i sc r a n i ie x t e r n aa. n d f o r a m i n a
F o r a m e nm a g n u m
M e nin g e s
P [ e x uvse n o s uvse r t e b r a [iinst e r n u IsS i n u sm a r q i n a L i s ]
A a v e r t e b r a L e[ As a s u b c L a v i a e J
A s p i n a l ' iasn i e r i o r[ A a v e r t e b r a [ e s J
M e d u t lo
a b L o n g a t a / M e dsupLi ln. a L i s
R a d i c esso i n a L eI N
s accessoriu
l Xsl ] l
Ven t ric [e s T o p o g r a p h y S e c t i o n s
S p i n a Ic o r d
Pathways
lnternalsurfaceof the cranialbase
C o n t e n tso f th e fo ra mi n ao f th e inter nal
surfaceof the cranialbase
Laminacribrosa
N n .o t f a c t o rIili]
A e t h m o i d a Iai sn t e r i o(rA o p h t h a L m i c a ]
Canatisopticus
N o p t i c u Isl l l
A o p h t h a L m i(cAa c a r o t i si n t e r n a )
M e n i n g eV
s ;a g i n anee r v oi p t i c i
Fissuraorbitatissuperior
Mediatpart:
N n a s o c i l i a r{iN
s .o p h t h a L m i c[uVs/ 1 ] J
N o c u l o m o t o r i Iul sl l ]
N a b d u c e n[sV l ]
Lateralpart:
N t r o c h t e a r iIsl V ]
C o m m o nt r u n ko f t h e :
- N f r o n t a L Ii N
s o p h t h a L m i cluVs/ 1 ]
- N L a c r i m a lIiN
s o p h t h a L m i cluVs/ 1 ]
R o r b i t a L{i A
s .m e n i n g em
a edial
V o p h t h a t m i cs au p e r i o Foramenrotundum
N m a x i L L a rl V
i s/ 2 1
Foramenovale
N m a n d i b u L a r[iVs / 3 ]
P L e x uvse n o s u sf o r a m i n i so v a L i s
Foramenspinosum
R m e n i n g e uI sN m a n d i b u L a [rV
i s/ 3 ] )
A m e n i n g em
a e d i a( A .m a x i L t a r i s )
Laminaet Foramina
cribrosa
Canalisopticus
Fissuraorbitalis
supeflor
Foramen
rotundum
Foramen
ovate
ForamenIacerum;
Fissura
sphenopetrosa
Foramen
sprnosum
Fissurasphenopetrosa
et Foramenlacerum
s i n o rI N .g L o s s o p h a r y n gI e
N p e t r o s um
l Xu]s)
s a j o r{ N f a c r a L[iV
N p e t r o s um
s ll])
N p e t r o s upsr o f u n d uIsP l e x ucsa r o t i c ui sn t e r n u s ]
Aperturainternacanaliscarotici+ Canaliscaroticus
A c a r o t i si n t e r n aP
, a r sp e t r o s a
P l e x u sv e n o s u sc a r o t i c uisn t e r n u s
P l e x u sc a r o t i c u isn t e r n u s[ T r u n c ussy m p a t h i c u s ,
G a n g L i oc n
e r v l c a [seu p e r i u s )
Porus+ Meatusacusticusinternus
N f a c i a t i[sV l l ]
N v e s t i b u L o c o c h L[eVal rl li ]s
A L a b y r i n t(hAi b a s i L a r i s J
Vv labyrinthi
ForamenjuguLare
Anteriorpart:
Qinrrc noirncr
Porus
acusticus
internus
Foramen
Jugulare
Canaliscondylaris
Canalisnervihypoglossi
rc infaninr
N g t o s s o p h a r y n g Iel u
XsJ
Posteriorpart:
A m e n i n g epao s t e r i o[ rA p h a r y n g eaas c e n d e n s ]
jugu[aris]
S i n u ss i g m o i d e uI B
s u t b u s u p e r i ovre n a e
N . v a g u s[ X l
N a c c e s s o r i u[ sX l ]
R m e n i n g e u{sN .v a g u sI X J )
Canalisnervi hypogtossi
N h y p o g l o s s u[ X
s llJ
P L e x uvse n o s u sc a n a L inse r v ih y p o g L o s s i
Canatiscondylaris
\/
v
Apertura
tnterna
canalrs
carotici
Foramenmagnum
Os frontale
Os sphenoidale
Os parietale
Os temporale
Os ethmoidale
Os occipitale
^-;-^--i^
^^^f,.,r^-isr ril5>dr ro LUIuyLdt t5
F o r a m e nm a g n u m
Me n i n g e s
P L e v e n o s uvse r t e b r a Li ni st e r n u {sS i n u m
s arqinatis}
A a . t e b r a L e[sA a .s u b c t a v i a e ]
A spinatia
s n t e r i o r[ A a v e r t e b r a t e s ]
Medullo
a b L o n g a t a / M e dsupLi L
na L i s
R a d i c essp i n a L el N
s accessoriu
[ Xs l ] J
F i g . 4 6 8 I n t e r n a sL u r f a c eo f t h e c r a n i a lb a s e ,
B a s i sc r a n i ii n t e r n a a
. n df o r a m r n a .
> Brain
B t o o dv e s s e [ s
C r a n i ab
I ase
CraniaInerves M e n i n g e s
Par tsof the br ai n
Cranial nerves,overview
Fila olfactoriall
N, opticus!ll
N, facialis[Vll]
N vestibulocochlearis[Vlll]
N hypoglossus[Xll]
C r a n i a ln e r y e s N
. n.crania[es.
Ve n t ric te s T o p o g ra p h y S e cti o n s S p inaIcor d
Pathways
N oculomotorius
llll, R superior
M. obliquussuperior
Radix sensoria
N. nasociliaris
Fissuraorbitalis
superior
oculomotorius
illll
Tectum mesencephali
N trochlearislvl
M. rectuslateralis
N. triqeminus
[Vl.
GanglioitrigeminalA
Nn ciliaresbreves
Ganglion ciliare
ophthalmica;
N caroticus
internus
N abducens[Vl]
Pons
N oculomotorius
ull, R inferior
Pyramismedullae
oblongatae
Radix parasympathica
Radlx sympathica
F i g . 4 7 0 O c u L o m o t onre r v e ,N . o c u t o m o t o r i u[sl l l l ,
t r o c h [ e a rn e r v e ,N . t r o c h [ e a r i sI l V ] ,a n d
a b d u c e n sn e r v e ,N . a b d u c e n s[ V l ] ;
v i e w e df r o m t h e r i g h t .
* C o n n e c t i otnost h et r i g e m i n a
g ta n g t i o n
M obliquusbulbiinferior
(e N oculomotorius
llll, B inferior)
M obliquusbulbisuperior
(- N. trochlearis
lvl)
M rectusbulbimedialis
(+ N oculomotorius
illll, R superior)
M rectusbulbiinferior
(e N oculomotorius
illll, R inferior)
M. rectusbulbisuDerior
(e N. oculomotorius
llll, B. superior)
(e N. abducens
M rectusbulbilateralis
[Vl])
( e
M. levatorpalpebrae
superioris
N. oculomotorius
llll, R. superior)
F i g . 4 7 1 I n n e r v a t i o on f t h e o c u l a rm u s c l e s ;
s u p e n o rv r e w .
Btoodvessets C r a n i abI a s e CraniaInerves M e n i n g e s
P a r t so f t h e b r a i n
N. supraorbitalis
R lateralis
N ethmoidalis
anterior
N ethmoidalisposterior
R medialis
N. frontalis
N. supratrochlearis
N lacrimalis
R tentorius
N infratrochlearis
N, nasociliaris
N ophthalmicus
[V/1]
Ganglion trigeminale
(
N triseminus
I
Radix motoria
\Radix sensoria
Pons
N zygomaticus
Nn. ciliares Iongi
Ganglion ciliare
cumgangliociliari
R. communicans
Fissuraorbitalis
superior
s /11;
F i g . 1 7 2 0 p h t h a l . m inc e r v e ,N . o p h t h a l . m i c u[ V
v i e w e df r o m t h e r i g h t
Rr orbitales
laterales
et mediales
suoeriores
Rr.nasalesDosteriores
Rr ganglionares
N. lacrimalis
Foramenrotundum
N maxillaris
[V/2]
(R communicans
cum nervolacrimali)
Gangliontrigeminale
N zygomaticus
N infraorbitalis
Canalis
infraorbitalis
Foramen
infraorbitale
R zygomaticofacialis
R zygomaticotemporalis
B meningeus
Nn.alveolares
superiores
pterygopalatinum
Ganglion
Nn nasopalatini
Nn palatiniminores
Fig.473 Maxitlarynerve,N. maxil.Laris
[V/2];
v i e w e df r o m t h e r i o h t .
Ve nt ric t e s T o p o gra p h y S e cti o n s S p i n a Ic o r d
Pathways
Radixmotoria
/
N trigeminus
[Vl I
\ Radixsensoria..
Nn.temoorales
orofundi
N pterygoideus
lateralis
N. mandibularis
[V/3]
medialis
N. pterygoideus
R. meningeus
N. buccalis
Foramen
spinosum
Rr.ganglionares
N. auriculotemporalis
Ganglion
submandibulare
A meningea
media
Rr.linguales
Chordatympani(N facialis)
N. mylohyoideus
Plexusdentalisinferior
Fig. 17t, MandibuLarnerve,N. mandibutaris[V/3];
v i e w e df r o m t h e r i g h t .
Nn.supraorbitales
N infraorbitalis
Incisura
suoraorbitalis
Forameninfraorbitale
F i g , 1 7 5 E x i tp o i n t so f t h ec u t a n e o ubsr a n c h eosf t h et r i g e m i n anIe r v e ,
N .t r i g e m i n u[sV i .
CtinicaLty,
theyarereferredto as nerveexitpoints.
Btoodvessets C r a n i a Ib a s e
Cranialnerves M e n i n g e s Par tsof the br ai n
Pedunculus
cerebellaris
medius
Ganglion geniculi
N facialis [Vll]
N. stapedius
R communicans
cumplexutympanico
Chordatympani
Canalisnervifacialis
N lingualis
Foramenstylomastoideum
R. communicans
cumnervovaoo
Rr temporales
Rr.zygomatici
R communicans
cumnervoglossopharyngeo
Rr buccales
Plexus
intraparotideus
(R. lingualis)
N auricuiarisposterior
R marginalismandibularis
R. colli
Fig. 176 FaciaInerve,N. facial.is[Vll];
t h e f a c i a Lc a n a Ia n d t h e t y m p a n i cc a v i t yh a v eb e e no p e n e d ;
viewedfrom the right.
* CtinicaI
term:cerebetlopontine
angte
Gyrusprecentralis
Fibrae
corticonucleares
M frontalis
Nucleusnervifacialis
Rr.temporales
Nucleusnerviabducentis
M. orbicularis
oculi
M. levatorlabiisuperioris
M. zygomaticusmajor
M. zygomaticus
minor
N. facialis [Vll]
F i g . 1 7 7a , b N e u r o n a sl t r u c t u r eo f t h e m o t o r p a r t
o f t h e f a c i a In e r v e ,N . f a c i a t i s[ V l l ] .
a Overview
b R e p r e s e n t a t i oonf t h e f a c i a Im u s c t e si n t h e m o t o r n u c t e u s
o f t h e f a c i a In e r v e
T h o u g ht h e n u c t e io f t h e u p p e rf a c i a tm u s c t e sr e c e i v e
b
M orbicularis
oris
innervationfrom both hemispheres,those of the lower facial
m u s c l e sa r e o n l yi n n e r v a t e fdr o m t h e c o n t r a l a t e r asl i d e .
Therefore,patientswith centrat patsy[*l are sti[[ able to frown
the brow and to ctosethe eyetidsjust sufficiently.However,in
p a t i e n t sw i t h p e r i p h e r apl .a l . s y[ * * l a [ [ f a c i a tm u s c [ e sa r e
paralyzed.
Ventrictes T o p o g ra p h y S e cti o n s S p i n a Ic o r d
Pathways
l\4eatusacusticusinternus
Ganglion
spirale
cocnleae
Pedunculus
cerebellaris
medius
t
lateralis
et anterior
tn ampullares
I Pars
supenor
I
N. utriculoampullaris
)
\ '
N vestibularis
N cochlearis
N vestibulocochlearis[Vlll]
N. utricularis
\
N. saccularis
)
I Parsinferior
posterior
N. ampullaris
J
Ganglion vestibulare
F i g . 4 7 8 V e s t i b u t o c o c h L enaerr v e ,N . v e s t i b u t o c o c h L e a[ rVi sl l l ] ;
t h e m e m b r a n o u st a b y r i n t hi s g r e a t l ye n t a r g e d ;
p o s t e r i o vr i e wf r o m t h e r i g h t
* C [ r n i c taeI r m :c e r e b e L [ o p o natni nge[ e
Medullaoblongata,
Sulcus
retroolivaris
N mandibularis
[V/3]
Ganglion
oticum
N glossopharyngeus
lXl
N petrosusminor
jugulare
Foramen
Plexustympanicus
Ganglion
superius(lX)
communtcans
cumramo
nervivagi
auriculari
N tympanicus
Ganglion
inlerius
R musculi
stylopharyngei
R sinus carotici
A carotis interna,Sinus
caroticus
Rr.linguales
Glomuscaroticum
carotrscommunrs
F i g . 1 7 9 G t o s s o p h a r y n g enaeI r v e ,N . g L o s s o p h a r y n g eIul Xs l ;
v i e w e df r o m t h e r i q h t .
Brain
Btoodvessets Cr aniaIbase CraniaInerves M e n i n q e s Par tsof the br ai n
Cranialnerves
Sulcusretroolivaris
jugulare
Foramen
Ganglion
superius(X)
Ganglioninferius(X)
R. auricularis
R. meningeus
R. communicans
cum
nervoglossopharyngeo
Rr.pharyngeales
N. vagus[X]
A carotiscommunis
A subclavia
Truncusbrachiocephalicus
Alcus aortae
Plexuscardiacus
Truncusvagalisposterior
Parsthoracicaaortae
N laryngeus
superior
Rr. cardiaci cervlcales
supenores
N. laryngeus
recurrens
cardiaci
cervicalesinferiores
Rr cardiacithoracici
N. laryngeus
recurrens
Rr.bronchiales
Plexuspulmonalis
Truncusvagalisanlerior
Hiatusoesophageus
Plexusoesophageus
Rr.gastricianteriores
(Rr.splenici)
(Rr.pancreatici)
(Rr.intestinales)
F i g . 4 8 0 V a g u sn e r v eN
, .v a g u s[ X J ;
bothnerves;
comi-crhematin'
a n t e r i o rv i e w .
Ventrictes T o p o g ra p h y S e c t i o n s
S p inaIcor d
Pathways
Rr.musculares
, .a c c e s s o r i u
[ Xsl ] ;
Fig.481 Accesson
r ye r v eN
viewed
f r o mt h er i q h t .
Radixsuperior
(Plexuscervicalis)
nerve,N
Fig.182 HypogtossaI
v i e w e df r o m t h e r i g h t .
Brain
BLoodvesse[s
Cr aniatbase CraniaInerves M e n i n g e s P a r t so f t h e b r a i n
N nasociliaris
Fissuraorbitalis
superior
A. ophthalmica
N oculomotorius
llll
N ophthalmicus[V/1]
N trigeminus
[V]
pupillae
M. sphincter
Ganglion
trigeminale
M ciliaris
Nn ciliares breves
Plexuscaroticus
Ganglion ciliare
Radix sensoria
Ganglion
cervicale
supenus
Radix parasympathica
Medullacervicalis
Radix sympathica
Nuclear egion:
A c c e s s o r yn u c l e u so f t h e o c u t o m o t o rn e r v e
N u c L e u sa c c e s s o r i u sn e r v io c u t o m o t o r i i
F i 9 . 4 8 3 C i t i a r yg a n g L i o nG, a n g L i ocni I i a r e ;
overvtew.
I
I
Specificviscerat-efterent
fibres(SVE)
I
I
Generaland specificvisceral-afferent
fibres(G/SVA)
sympatheticfibres
I
Generalsomatic-afierent
f ibres(GSA)
N maxillaris
[V/2]
N trigeminus
[V]
N. inlraorbitalis*
N zygomaticus
Glandula lacrimalis
Gangliontrigeminale
N facialis[Vll]
Fissuraorbitalisinferior
Rr.orbitales'
Rr. nasalesposteriores
superiores
laterales*
N pharyngeus*
Foramen
sphenopalatinum
N. nasopalatinus*
Plexus caroticus
Br. nasalesposleriores
superiores
mediales*
Ganglion ceruicale
supenus
Medulla ceruicalis
N. palatinus
major,
Rr. nasalesposterioresinferioresi
N canalis pterygoidei
F i g . 1 8 1 P t e r y g o p a t a t i ngea n g L i o nG, a n g L i opnt e r y g o p a L a t i n u m ;
overvrew.
* lnnervation
f t h eg t a n dos f t h en o s ea n dt h ep a L a t e
Nn palatiniminores*
N [ e a rr e q i o n :
S e r i o r s J t i v a t o r yn u c [ e u s ,
N u c l e u ss a t i v a t o r i ussu p e r i o r
Ventrictes T o p o g r a p h y S e c t i o n s
Pathways
S p i n a Ic o r d
Gangliontrigeminale
N trigeminus
[Vl
Foramenovale
N lacialis [Vll]
N glossopharyngeus
flXl
N. mandibularis
[V/31
Rr ganglionares
Radixsensoria:
Plexustympanicus
Radixparasympathica:
N petrosus
minor
N buccalis
N. musculitensorisvelioalatini
N. musculitensoristympani
oticum
Ganglion
Glandula oarotidea
N lingualis
Chordatympani
inferior
N. alveolaris
N auriculotemporalis
Medulla ceruicalis
Radix sympathica
Ganglion
cervicale
superius
A. meningea media
Nuclear eqron:
yucteus,
In f e r i o rs a t - v a t o r n
N u c [ e u ss a t i v a t o r i u si n f e r i o r
F i g .4 8 5 O t i ca a n g t i o nG
, a n g t i o no t i c u m ;
overvtew.
I
I
General visceral-efferentf ibres (GVE)
Specific visceral-efferentf ibres (SVE)
I
I
fibres(G/SVA)
Generaland specilicvisceral-afierent
sympatheticfibres
I
fibres(GSA)
Generalsomatic-afterent
N trigeminus
[Vl
Ganglion trigeminale
N facialis[Vll]
Foramen ovale
N mandibularis [V/31
N. lingualis
Radixsensoria:
Rr.ganglionares
N. lingualis
Glandulae salivariae
mrnores
Plexuscaroticus
sublingualis
Glandula
Ganglion
submandibulare
Ganglion
cervicale
superius
Medulla cervicalis
Badix
sympathica
F i g . 4 8 5 S u b m a n d i b u t a r g a n g t iG
oa
nn
, g t i osnu b m a n d i b u t a r e ;
overvtew.
Glandula
submandibularis
Nuctearegion:
S u p e r i o rs a L i v a t o rnyu c t e u s ,
N u c L e u s a t i v a t o r i us u P e r r o r
B [ o o dv e s s e t s
C r a n i ab
I ase
Cranialnerves M e n i n g e s Par tsof the br ai n
topography
Corpuscallosum,
Genu
Septumpellucidum
Sinussagittalis
superior
Laminaterminalis
Falx cerebri
Commissura
anterior
Fornix
A cerebrianterior
Forameninterventriculare
Sinussagittalis
inferior
Bulbusolfactorius
Infundibulum
Tractusolfactorius
CorDus
callosum.
Truncus
Chiasmaopticum
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculi
tertii
N opticuslll
A ophthalmica
Adhesio interthalamica
Tractusopticus
Venkiculus
tertius
N oculomotorius
llll
(Plicapetroclinoidea
anterio0
N trochlearis
lvl
Substantia
nigra
Nucleusruber
Corpuscallosum,
Splenium
N abducens
[Vl]
V magnacerebri
N. trigeminus
[V]
Tentorium
cerebelli
Glandulapinealis
N facialis[Vll]
vestibulocochlearis
vilrl
grossopnaryngeus
Pedunculus
cerebri
Colliculus
superiorsinister
lxl
Colliculiinleriores
N vagus[X]
Sinusrectus
N accessorius
[XI]
Velummedullare
superius
N hypoglossus
[Xll]
Pedunculi
cerebellares
A basilaris
Vermis cerebelli
Velummedullare
inferius
quartus
Ventriculus
N. accessorius[Xl], Radices spinales
Confluens
sinuum
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculi
ouadi
ADertura
mediana
venviculiouarti
gracile
Tuberculum
Tuberculum
cuneatum
Medulla spinalis
F i g . 1 8 7 C o u r s eo f t h e c r a n i a Ln e r v e s N
, n .c r a n i a t e s ,
i n t h e s u b a r a c h n o si dp a c e ;
t h e l e f t h e m i s p h e r eo f t h e c e r e b r u ma n d t h e
c e r e b e t l u ma s w e t l a s t h e t e n t o r i u mc e r e b e l t i
havebeen removed.
Ventric[es Topography S e cti o n s S p i naIcor d
Pathways
Capsulainterna
Ventriculuslateralis,
Cornufrontale
A. carotisinterna,
Parscerebralis
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornutemporale
A. cerebriposterior
A cerebrianterior
Cisternaambiens;
Pedunculus
cerebri
N-opticusflll
N. trochlearis
ilVl
N trigeminus
[V]
A. ophthalmica
N. oculomotorius
illll
Sinuspetrosus
superlor
A. carotisinterna,
Parscavernosa
N. abducens[Vll
N. ophthalmicus
[V/11
Sinuscavernosus
Ganglion
trigeminale
N mandibularis
[V/3]
N maxillaris[V/2]
Fig.488 Courso
e f t h ec r a n i anI e r v e sN, n .c r a n i a t e s ,
c r a n im
i edia.
i n t h em i d d t ec r a n i aflo s s aF. o s s a
\a
a,z-\
A cerebrianteriordextra,
Parspostcommunicalis
Chiasmaopticum
Infundibulum
Substantia
nigra
N. opticusilll
Pedunculus
cerebri,
Cruscerebri
A. carotisinterna,
Parscerebralis
N oculomotorius
fllll
N.trochlearis
IV]
A ophthalmica
(Plicapetroclinoidea
anterior)
N. trigeminus
M,
Radixmotoria
N. ophthalmicus
[V/1]
trigeminale*
Ganglion
N trigeminus
[Vl,
Radixsensoria
N. maxillaris[V/2]
N. abducens
[Vll
N.tacialis[Vll]
N vestibulocochlearis
[Vlll]
N mandibularis
[V/31
F i g . 4 8 9 A r t e r i ea
s n dn e r v e isn t h er e g i o no f t h es e [ [ at u r c i c a ,
, i n u sc a v e r n o s u s .
S e l t at u r c i c aa,n dt h ec a v e r n o ussi n u sS
* C t i n i c atIe r m : G A S S E R |gaann g l i o n
Brain
ffil.und
vesse{.E C r a n i a b
t ase
Craniatnerves Menin ges F a r t s o f t h e b r a i n
Vessels
andnervesof the cranialbase
Nn oltactorii
ill
A communicans
anterioro
Foramina
cribrosa
Hypophysis
N opticuslll :
A carotisinterna,a
Parscerebralis
Canalisopticus
Proc clinoideus
anterior
A ophthalmrcaa
A cerebri media O
N trochlearis[tV] :
Proc clinoideus
posterior
N frontalis ;
V ophthalmicasuperior a
N lacrimalis.
Fissuraorbilalis
supeflor
N abducens [Vl] r
N nasociliaris :
Foramenrotundum
N oculomotorius[lll] i
aA cerebriposterior
A carotis interna, a
Pars cavernosa
N maxillaris[V/2] ,
Sulcuscaroticus
A communicans posterior O
Plexus caroticus internus .,
Foramenlacerum
Plexus venosus caroticus internus a
plexus venosus a
foraminisovalis
N mandibularis[V/3] ,
Foramen
ovale
Sulcusarteriae
meningeae
mediae
Apexpartispetrosae
r_
pars a
I
A. cerebriJ precommunicalis
pars a
posteriorI
I postcommunicalis
\
Foramen
spinosum
R meningeus,
A meningea
mediao
N petrosus
minor
Canaliscaroticus
oA superiorcerebelli
N petrosusmajor
A basilaris
a
Hiatuscanalis
nervipetrosiminoris
N f a c i a l i[sV l l ],
Hiatuscanalis
nervipetrosimajoris
N vestibulocochlearis
[Vlll],,
N accessorius
[Xl]'.
Porusacusticus
Internus
aA labyrinthi
A meningea
posterior
a
N vagus[X] I
N glossopharyngeus
[lX] ,
jugulare
Foramen
Sulcussinussigmoidei
S i n u ss i g m o i d e uas
o A inferioranterior
cerebelli
Canalisnervihypoglossi
N hypoglossus
[Xll]
a A vertebralis
O A inferiorposterior
l\4edullaoblongata
cerebelli
Pia mater cranialis
Spatium subarachnoideum
Foramen magnum
o Sinus occipitalis
Arachnoideamater cranialis
Duramatercranialis
F i g , 1 9 0 P a s s a g eo f v e s s e t sa n d n e r v e st h r o u g ht h e i n t e r n a I
s u r f a c eo f c r a n i a Lb a s e ,B a s i sc r a n i ii n t e r n a a
. n dt h e c e r e b r a I
a r t e r i aLc i r c t e ,C i r c u t u sa r t e r i o s u sc e r e b r i[ w t r u S ]:
s u p e n o rv r e w .
Ventrictes T o p o g ra p h y S e cti o n s S p i natcor d
Pathways
sinusandpituitarygland
Cavernous
Dorsumsellae
posterior
Sinusintercavernosus
Neurohypophysis
Infundibulum
Diaphragmasellae
Adenohypophysis
N. opticusflll
Sinusintercavernosus
anterior
Sellaturcica,Fossahypophysialis
Sinussphenoidalis
Corpus
Os sphenoidale,
F i g .1 9 1 P i t u i t a r9yl . a n dH, y p o p h y s[ iGs t a n d u p
L iat u i t a r i a l .
Diaphragmasellae
Sinusintercavernosi
Chiasmaopticum
N. opticusilll
A. ophthalmica
Sinuscavernosus
A. carotisinterna,
Parscerebralis
N oculomotorius
illl
A carotisinterna,
Parscavernosa
Proc.clinoideusanterior
lnlundibulum
N trochlearislvl
N abducens[Vl]
N ophthalmicus
[V/1]
Duramatercranialis
Sellaturcica,
Fossahypophysialis
N. maxillaris
[V/21
Sinussphenoidalis
Septumsinuum
sphenoidalium
Apexpartispetrosae
Fissurasphenopetrosa
(Fibrocartilago
basalis)
,d
, y p o p h y s[ iGs t a n d u p
F i g . 4 9 2 P i t u i t a rgyt a n dH
t ai t u i t a r i aal n
c a v e r n o ussi n u sS
, i n u sc a v e r n o s u s .
(Procclinoideus
medius)
N. opticusilll
A carotisinterna,Parscerebralis
A. ophthalmica
Sulcusorechiasmaticus
Diaphragma sellae
pituitaria]
Hypophysis
[Glandula
N. abducens[Vl]
N. oculomotorius
illll
Fissurasphenopetrosa
N. trochlearislVl
N ophthalmicus
[V/11
N maxillaris[V/2]
A carotisinterna,Parscavernosa
N mandibularis
[V/3]
Ganglion
trigeminale
F i g , 4 9 3 C a v e r n o u s i n u s ,S i n u sc a v e r n o s u s ;
t h e p a r t o f t h e c r a n i a Id u r a m a t e rf o r m i n gt h e l a t e r a Iw a [ [ o f t h e
c a v e r n o u s i n u sh a s b e e nr e m o v e d ;
t h et r i g e m i n ag
I a n g l i o nh a s b e e nr e fl e c t e dt o t h e s i d e .
Brain
B to o dv essets C r a n i a bI a s e
Cr aniaIner ves Menin ges Par tsof the br ai n
CraniaL
duramaterandsuperiorsagittalsinus
Galea aponeurotica
Laminaexterna
Sinussagittalis
superior
Lamina interna
Granulationes
arachnoideae
A, meningea
medra,
R frontalis
Lacunae
laterales
Granulationes
arachnoideae
Duramater
cranialis
A. meningea media,
F i g .t + 9 t + C r a n i a d
I u r a m a t e r ,D u r a m a t e rc r a n i a [ i s ,
a n d s u p e r i o sr a g i t t a t s i n u S
s ,i n u ss a g i t t a Lsi su p e r i o r ,
w i t h s o m e l a t e r a [[ a c u n a eL. a c u n a e[ a t e r a L e s .
Ventricles T o p o g ra p h y S e cti o n s S p i nalcor d
Pathways
Superficialvesselsof the brain
Duramatercranialis
Vv.superiores
cerebri,
W frontales
A callosomarginalis
W mediae
superficiales
cereon
A. sulci
precentralis
V anastomotica
supenor
A sulci
centralis
Vv superiores
cereofl,
W parietales
Rr.paracentrales
A sulci
postcentralis
Granulationes
arachnoideae
A parietalis
posterior
R. gyriangularis
R precunealis
W superiores
cerebri,
W, occipitales
R parietooccipitalis
F i g . 4 9 5 S u p e r f i c i a t a r t e r i easn d v e i n so f t h e b r a i n ;
t h e c r a n i a I d u r am a t e r h a s b e e nr e m o v e da n d t h e s u p e r i o r
s a g i t t a sI i n u sh a s b e e ns e c t i o n e d ;
a f t e r r e m o v a I o ft h e c r a n i a L a r a c h n o m
i da t e r .
B t o o dv e E s e t s C r a n i a b
I ase
Gr aniatner ves Menin ges Par tsof the br ai n
CraniaI arachnoidmater
Fissuralonoitudinalis
cerebri
Arachnoideamater
cranialis
w superiores
cerebn,
W parietales
Granulationesarachnoideae*
F i g . 1 9 6 B r a i n ,E n c e p h a [ o nw,i t h c r a n i a L a r a c h n o m
i da t e r ,
Arachnoidem
a a t e rc r a n i a L i s ;
s u p e f l o rv r e w
* A t s oP
: A c c H t 0 Ngt ar ann u t a t i o n s
Vent ric le s T o p o g ra p h y S e c t i o n s
S p i naIcor d
Pathways
Cranialarachnoidmater
Bulbusolfactorius
Cisterna
chiasmatica
Tractusolfactorius
N opticuslll
A carotisinterna
interDeduncularis
Cisterna
N oculomotorius
l[]
N abducens [Vl]
N trigeminus
[V]
N facialis[Vll]
N intermedius
(N facialis[Vll])
N vestibulocochlearis
[vilr]
N glossopharyngeus
ilxl
N vagus[X]
i
r .'
y'
\ N. accessorius
[Xl]
\ Arachnoideamater
cranialis
Pia mater cranialis
lvledullaoblongata
Hemispheriumcerebelli
A vertebralis
cerebellomedullaris
Cisterna
F i g . 1 9 7 B r a i n ,E n c e p h a L ow
n i, t h c r a n i a Ia r a c h n o i dm a t e r ,
A r a c h n o i d em
a a t e rc r a n i a L i s
> Brain
B to o dvessets C r a n i a bI a s e
C r a n i a In e r v e s M e n i n g e s
Partsof the brain
Hindbrain Cerebrattracts
0rganisation
of the brain
Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon*
Encephalon
Rhombencephalon
F i g . 4 9 8 O r g a n i s a t i oonf t h e c e n t r a In e r v o u ss y s t e m ;
m e d i a ns e c t i o ns: c h e m a .
P a r t sm a r k e dw i t h + t o g e t h e rf o r m t h e b r a i n s t e m ,
T r u n c u se n c e p h a L i .
Sulcuscentralis
N oculomotorius
illll
Foramen
interuentriculare
Lobusparietalis
Operculumparietale
Mesencephalon
Insula[Lobus
insularisl
Medullaspinalis
Fig. 199 Devetopmentof the brain;
m o d e lo f t h e b r a i no f a n a p p r o x 2
. - m o n t h - o t de m b r y o ;
m e d i a ns e c t i o n .
F i g .5 0 0 D e v e t o p m e notf t h e b r a i n ;
b r a i no f a n a p p r o x 4 - m o n t h - o l df o e t u s( c r o w n - r u m p
t e n g t h2 0 c m l ;
viewedfrom the teft.
Ven t ric t e s T o p o g ra p h y S e c t i o n s S p i n a cI o r d
Pathways
suDerior
Sulcusfrontalis
Gyrusfrontalis
superior
inferior
Sulcusfrontalis
Gyrusfrontalis
medius
Sulcusprecentralis
Gyrusprecentralis
Sulcuscentralis
Gyrus
postcentralis
Sulcus
postcentralis
Gyrus
supramarginalis
Gyrusangularis
Sulcusintraparietalis
Lobulusparietalis
superior
Lobulus parietalisinferior
Sulcuscinguli
Sulcusoarietooccioitalis
F i g . 5 0 1 C e r e b r u mC, e r e b r u m ;
a f t e r r e m o v a L otfh e c r a n i a Ia r a c h n o i dm a t e r ;
S U D E T I OVTI C W
F o r m a t i o no f t h e g y r iv a r i e sc o n s i d e r a b t y .
Brain
B L o o dv e s s e [ s
C r a n i ab
I ase
CnaniaI
ner ves M e n i n g e s Partsof the brain
Hindbrain Cerebnattracts
of the
Inlundibuium
Polus frontalis
Fissuralongitudinalis
cerebri
Sulci orbitales
Sulcusolfactorius
Gyriorbitales
Bulbusolfactorius
N o p t i c u lsl l \
\
.
Tractusolfactorius
Hypophysis
Polustemporalis
Chiasmaopticum
perforata
Substantia
anterior
Stria ollactorialateralis
Tubercinereum
N maxillaris
[V/2]
Gyrusparahippocampalis,
UNCUS
N ophthalmicus
[V/1]
Corpusmamillare
Fossa
interpeduncularis
Gyrusoccipitotemporalis
lateralis
N, trigemlnus
[V],
Radixmotoria
Sulcus
temporalis
inferior
N. mandibularis
[V/3]
Pedunculus
cerebri
Ganglion
trigeminale
Gyrus
parahippocampalis
N trochlearisilVl
N trigeminus
[V]
Pons
N intermedius
N trigeminus
[V],
Radixsensoria
N. facialis
lvill
N abducens [Vl]
N vestibulocochlearis[Vlll]
Hemispherium
cerebelli
LOOUS
flocculonodularis,
Flocculus
Hemispherium
cerebelli
Oliva
Pyramismedullae
oblongatae
Piexuschoroideus
quarti
ventriculi
Medulla oblongata,
Fissura mediana anterior
N glossopharyngeus
lXl
N vagus [X]
Tonsillacerebelli
N hypoglossus
[Xll]
Polus occipitalis
N accessorius
[Xl]
Fila radicularianerui ceruicalis
lcll
pyramidum
Decussatio
Medulla spinalis
Vermis cerebelli
F i g .5 0 2 C e r e b r u m C
, erebrum;
b r a i n s t e mT, r u n c u se n c e p h a Lwi ,i t h c e r e b e t L u m ,
CerebeL[um
a ,s w e [ La s c r a n i a Ln e r v e s N
, n.craniaLes;
i n f e r i o rv i e w
Ventrictes Topography S e cti o n s S p inaIcor d
Pathways
Baseof the brain
Fissuralongitudinalis
cerebri
Polusfrontalis
Sulcusolfactorius
Chiasmaopticum
Sulciorbitales
Polustemporalis
Tubercinereum
Fossalateraliscerebri
Gyrus
parahippocampalis,
Uncus
Trigonumolfactorium
Sulcustemporalis
inferior
Fossa
interpeduncularis
Corpus
mamillare
Gyrioccipitotemporales
medialis
el
lateralis
Pedunculus
cerebri
Substantia
nrgra
Gyrus
temporalis
inlerior
Sulcus
hippocampalis
Substantia
perforata
posterior
Sulcus
collateralis
Gyrus
parahippocampalis
Sulcus
occipitotemporalis
lsthmusgyricinguli
Tegmentum..
mesencepnarl
Tectummesenceohali,
Colliculus
superior
Aqueductusmesenc€phali
Splenium
Corpuscallosum,
Polusoccipitalis
Sulcuscalcarinus
F i g . 5 0 3 G y r iG
, y r ia, n dg r o o v e sS,u t c i ,
o f t h ec e r e b r ahLe m i s p h e r e s ;
t h em i d b r a i h
n a sb e e ns e c t i o n e d .
B to o dvessets C r a n i a bI a s e
C r a n i a In e r v e s M e n i n g e s Partsof the brain
Forebrain M i d b r a i n H i n d b r a i n C e r e b r attr a c t s
Lobesof thetelencephalon
Polusfrontalis
Sulcuscentralis
Fissuralongitudinalis
cereorl
Lobusfrontalis
Lobusparietalis
Sulcusparietooccipitalis
Lobusfrontalis
Sulcuscentralis
Polus
frontalis
Polus
occipitalis
Lobusparietalis
Lobustemporalis
LOOUS
occipitalis
Fossalateralis
cerebri
Sulcus
parietooccipitalis
Inctsura
preoccipitalis
Lobustemporalis
Polustemporalis
Sulcuslateralis
Lobusoccipitalis
Polus occipitalis
F i g .5 0 4 L o b e so f t h e c e r e b r u m ,L o b ic e r e b r i ;
s u 0 e n o rv t e w .
F i g .5 0 5 L o b e so f t h e c e r e b r u m ,L o b ic e r e b r i ;
viewedfrom the Left.
Polusfrontalis
Lobusfrontalis
Corpuscallosum
Fissuralongitudinalis
cerebri
Gyruscinguli
Sulcuscinguli
Sulcuscentralis
Polustemporalis
Lobusfrontalis
Fossalateraliscerebri
Lobuslimbicus
Lobustemporalis
Sulcusparietooccipitalis
Diencephalon
Polus
frontalis
Lobuslimbicus,
Gyrus
parahippocampalis
Sulcus
catcannus
Sulcuscollateralis
Polus
occipitalis
Sulcushippocampalis
Fossa lateraliscerebri
preocciDitalis
Incisura
N4esencephalon
Lobusoccipitalis
LOOUS
occipitalis
Polustemporalis
Gyrusparahippocampalis,
uncus
Diencephalon
Sulcus hippocampalis
Lobustemporalis
Sulcuscollateralis
Polus occipitalis
F i g . 5 0 5 L o b e so f t h e c e r e b r u m ,L o b ic e r e b r i ;
i n f e r i o rv i e w .
F i g .5 0 7 L o b e so f t h e c e r e b r u m ,L o b ic e r e b r i ;
m e d i a Iv i e w .
preIncrsura
occipitalis
Ve n t ric l e s T o p o gra p h y S e cti o n s S p inaIcor d
Pathways
parietale
Operculum
frontale;
Operculum
Sulcusprecentralis
Gyrusprecentralis
Gyrusfrontalis
inferior,
Parsopercularis
Sulcuscentralis**
Gyruspostcentralis
Sulcusoostcentralis
Gyrusfrontalis
superior
Sulcuslateralis.
R oosterior
Sulcusintraoarietalis
Gyrusfrontalismedius
Gyrussupramarginalis
Gyrusangularis
Lobulusparietalis
supeflor
Polusfrontalis
Lobulusparietalis
inferior
Gyrusfrontalis
inferior,
Parstriangularis
Sulcus
parietooccipitalis
Gyrusfrontalisinferior,
Parsorbitalis
B. anterior
f
Sulcuslateralis*I
I B ascendens
Sulcustemporalis
supeflor
Sulcuslunatus
Polustemporalis
Gyrustemporalis
superior
Polusoccipitalis
SulcustemDoralis
suoeriot
inferior
Gyrustemporalis
Gyrustemporalis
medius
lncisuraoreocciDitalis
inferior
Sulcustemooralis
F i g . 5 0 8 G y r i ,G y r i ,a n d g r o o v e sS, u [ c i ,
o f t h e c e r e b r ah
I emispheres;
viewedfrom the teft.
* Sulcusof SYLVIUS
*+Sutcusof RoLANDo
Lobusparietalis
Sulcuscircularis
insulae
Sulcuscentralis
tnsulae
Gyruslongusinsulae
Lobusfrontalis
Lobusoccipitalis
Limeninsulae
Gyribrevesinsulae
preoccipitalis
Incisura
Lobustemporalis
F i g . 5 0 9 G y r i ,G y r i ,a n d g r o o v e sS, u t c i ,
of thecerebrah
Lemispheres;
exposureof the insulaafter removalof the frontat,
p a r i e t a aI n d t e m p o r a Io p e r c u [ a ;
viewedfrom the Left
> Brain
B to o dvessets C r a n i abI a s e Cr aniaIner ves M e n i n g e s Partsof the brain
Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain Cerebraltracts
Gyriof the cerebralhemispheres
Margosuperior
Sulcuscentralis
Sulcusintraparietalis
Sulcus
parietooccipitalis
Sulcuset Fossalateralis
cerebri
preoccipitalis
Incisura
F i g . 5 1 0 G y r i ,G y r i ,o f t h e c e r e b r a h
I emispheres;
viewedfrom the teft.
lsthmusgyricinguli
F i g .5 1 1 G y r i ,G y r i ,o f t h e c e r e b r a h
I emispheres;
m e d i a Iv i e w .
Ventricles T o p o g ra p h y S e c t i o n s
S p i n a Ic o r d
Pathways
Gyrusfrontalls
inferior,
Parsopercularis
Gyrustemporalistransversusanterior
F i g .5 1 2 F u n c t i o n acI o r t i c a a
I r e a so f t h e c e r e b r a t
h e m i s p h e r eas c c o r d i n gt o F O E R S T E R ;
viewedfrom the teft.
I
ffi
T h e s o m a t o t o p ioc r g a n i s a t i oins i t l u s t r a t e ds c h e m a t i c a t [ y .
The primary receivingarea for auditoryimpulses(fl extends
o v e rt h e u p p e re d g eo f t h e t e m p o r a ll o b eo n t o i t s i n n e rs u r f a c e .
Motorprojectionarea
Auditoryprojectionarea
Motorassociationarea
Auditoryassociationarea
Sensoryprojectionarea
,'i't'ti:;i;,,.Sensoryassociationarea
r
ffi
Visualprojection
area
Visualassociationarea
Sulcuscalcarinus
F i g .5 1 3 F u n c t i o n acl o r t i c a a
l r e a so f t h e c e r e b r a l
h e m i s p h e r e as c c o r d i n gt o F 0 E R S T E R ;
mediaLview.
T h e s o m a t o t o p ioc r g a n i s a t i oins i [ [ u s t r a t e ds c h e m a t i c a t l y
B[oodvessets Cr aniaIbase Cr aniaIner ves M e n i n g e s Partsof the brain
Brain
H i n d b r a i n CerebraItracts
Gyrusrectus
Bulbusolfactorius
N. opticusilll
Tractusolfactorius
Chiasmaopticum
Trigonum
olfactorium
Fornix,Columna
Tractusopticus
Corpus
mamillare
Corpus
Uncus
amygdaloideum
Gyrus
paranrppocampalis
Fornix,
Corpus
Gyrus
dentatus
Corpus
callosum,
Truncus
Fornix,Crus
Corpuscallosum,
Splenium
Fornix,
Commissura
Gyruscinguli
Gyrusfasciolaris
Fig.514 FornixF
, ornix;
I f t h e b a s a tp a r t so f t h e b r a i n ;
a f t e rr e m o v ao
i n f e r i o rv i e w .
Fornix,Corpus
Truncus
Corouscallosum.
Sulcuscinguli
Septumpellucidum
Corpuscallosum,
Splenium
Fornix,Columna(Parslibera)
Fornix,Crus
Forameninterventriculare
SulcusDarietooccioitalis
Corpuscallosum,
Genu
Cuneus
Sulcuscalcarinus
Rostrum
Corpuscallosum,
Polusfrontalis
Bulbusolfactorius
Polusoccipitalis
anterior
Commissura
Lobusoccipitalis
Tractusolfactorius
N. opticuslll
Thalamus
Laminaterminalis
Fimbria hippocampi
Fornix,Columna(Parstecta)
Gyrusdentatus
Corpusmamillare
Fasciculus
mamillothalamicus
Uncus
Gyrusparahippocampalis,
F i g . 5 1 5 F o r n i x ,F o r n i x ;
i n f e r o m e d i avIi e w .
Ve nt ric t e s T o p o g ra p h y S e cti o n s S p i n acI o r d
Pathways
and anterior commissure
Fissuralongitudinalis
cerebri
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornuf rontate
(Centrum
semiovale)
N. oculomotorius
llll
Commissura
anterior
Chiasmaopticum
N. trochlearis
ilVl
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornutemporale
N.trigeminus
[V]
N abducens
[Vl]
N facialis[Vll]
Flocculus
N vestibulocochlearis
[Vllll
N. glossopharyngeus
ilXl
Plexuschoroideus
quarti
ventriculi
N vagus[X]
Hemisoherium
cerebelli
N. accessorius
[Xll
Medulla oblongata
N hypoglossus
[Xlll
F i g ,5 1 6 A n t e r i o rc o m m i s s u r eC, o m m i s s u r a n t e r i o ra, n d b r a i n s t e m ,
T r u n c u se n c e p h a L i :
a f t e r p a r t i a Ir e m o v a I o ft h e b a s a Ip a r t so f t h e c e r e b r u m ;
a n t e r i o r - i n f e r i ovri e w
Fornix,Corpus
Fornix,Commissura
Corpuscallosum,
Splenium
Gyrusfasciolaris
Corpusamygdaloideum
Fimbria hippocampi
Corpusmamillare
Gyrusdentatus
Pes hippocampi
F i g , 5 1 7 B o t hf o r n i c e s F
, o r n i c e sa, n d a n t e r i o rc o m m i s s u r e ,
C o m m i s s u r aa n t e r i o r ;
viewedfrom the Left.
Btoodvessets C r a n i a bI a s e
Cr aniatner ves M e n i n g e s Partsof the brain
Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain Cerebrattracts
Sinussagittalis
superior
inferior
Sinussagittalis
V thalamostriata
superior
Falx cerebri
A callosomarginalis
A pericallosa
Truncus
Corpuscallosum,
W superiores
cerebri,
W parietales
lateralis,
Parscentralis
Ventriculus
Caputnuclei
caudati
Fornix,Corpus
Plexuschoroideus
lateralis
ventriculi
V internacerebri
Thalamus
Capsulainterna
Capsulaexterna
Putamen
Capsulaextrema
Globi pallidilateralis
et medialis
Aa. insulares
W mediae
superficiales
cereorl
A cerebrimedia,
Br terminales
Insuta
Claustrum
Aa centrales
anterolaterales
Ventriculus
tertius
Corpus
amygdaloideum
V mediaprofunda
cerebri
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornutemporale
Hippocampus
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculi
tertii
VV inferiores
cerebri
V basalis
Plexus basilaris
A basilaris
A cerebriposterior
A cerebri media,
Pars sphenoidalis
Cisterna oontocerebellaris
Pons
F i g .5 1 8 B L o osdu p p t oy f t h e b a s a Ig a n g L i a ;
frnntal scctinn.
t h e a r t e r i e sa r e s h o w no n t h e r i g h t a n d t h e v e i n so n t h e l e f t ;
p o s t e r i o vr i e w .
Nucleuscaudatus,
Corous
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Parscentralis
Putamen
Thalamus
G l o b u sp a l l i d u s
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornulrontale
lateralis,
Ventriculus
Cornuoccipitale
Nucleuscaudatus,
Caput
Corpus
amygdaloideum
Nucleuscaudatus,
Cauda
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornutemporale
F i q . 5 1 9 B a s a Ig a n g t i a n d t h a [ a m u sT. h a [ a m u s :
viewedfrom the Left.
Ve n t ric l e s T o p o gra p h y S e cti o n s S p i n a Ic o r d
Pathways
Septumpellucidum
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculi
tertii
Corpuscallosum,
Rostrum
Forameninterventriculare
Fornix,Corpus
Fornix,Commissura
Corpuscallosum,
Splenium
Telachoroideaventriculitertii
Fornix,Columna
Gyrusparaterminalis
Thalamus
Striamedullaris
thalami
Commissura
anterior
Areasubcallosa
Laminaterminalis
Sulcushypothalamicus
Commissura
habenularum
Hypothalamus
Recessus
suprapinealis
Recessus
supraopticus
Recessus
infundibuli
pinealis
Becessus
pinealis
Glandula
Chiasmaopticum
Corpusmamillare
sinistrum
Commissuraposterior
Tectummesencephali
Cisterna
chiasmatica
Tegmentum
mesencephali
A cerebriposterior
Aqueductus
mesencephali
Sinusintercavernosus
Cisternainterpeduncularis
Adenohypophysis
Lobuluscentralis
Neurohypophysis
Velummedullare
superius
A basilaris
Pons
Plexusbasilaris
F i g .5 2 0 T h i r dv e n t r i c [ eV, e n t r i c u L ut e
s rtius;
m e d i a ns e c t i o n
Fornix,Corpus
Corpuscallosum.
Rostrum
Columnafornicis
Foramen
interventriculare
interthalamica
Thalamus
Plexuschoroideus
Commissura
anterior
Striamedullaris
thalami
Laminaterminalis
Nucleusdorsomedlalis
Nucleiparaventriculares
Nucleusdorsalis
hypothalami
Areahypothalamica
lateralis
Areahypothalamica
lateralis
Nucleipreoptici
Fasciculus
mamillothalamicus
Nucleusanterior
hypothalami
Sulcushypothalamicus
Tractusparaventriculohypophysialis
Nucleusposterior
hypothalami
Nucleus
suprachiasmaticus
Fasciculus
mamillotegmentalis
Becessus
supraopticus
Nucleitegmentales
Chiasmaopticum
Nucleussupraopticus
(Nucleicorporis
mamillaris)
N opticusilll
Nucleusruber
A hypophysialis
superior
(A carotisinterna,
Parscerebralis)
Substantiaperforata
posterior
Tractushypothalamohypophysialis
Nucleusventromedialis
hypothalami
Adenohypophysis
Nucleituberales
et
arcuati
W portales
hypophysiales
A hypophysialis
inferior(A carotisinterna,Parscavernosa)
Neurohypophysis
F i g . 5 2 1 H y p o t h a L a m uH
s ,y p o t h a L a m u s ;
overview;n uctei a re i ltustratedtra nstucentLy;
mediaIview.
Tractussupraopticohypophysialis
> Brain
B l o o dv e s s e [ s
Craniab
I ase
Forebrain
Cr aniaIner ves M e n i n g e s Partsof the brain
Midbrain H i n d b r a i n C e r e b r a t t r a c t s
Thalamicnuclei
Capsula
interna
b Left cerebraIhemisphere;viewedfrom the Lefl
Nucleireticulares
Nucleianteriores
Nucleimediales
Nucleimediani;
Adhesio
interthalamica
Nucleiventrales:
Nucleusventralis
anterior;
Nucleusventralis
intermedius;
Nucleusventralis
posterolateralis;
Nucleusventralis
posteromedialis
; e d i a lv i e w
c R i g h tc e r e b r a h
[ e m i s p h e r em
Nucleusparafascicularis
Nucleuscentromedianus
a H o r i z o n t asIe c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e l e f t c e r e b r ahI e m i s p h e r e
F i g . 5 2 2a - c N u c t e ia n d c o r t i c a lp r o j e c t i o nos f t h e t h a t a m u s ,
Thatamus
C o r r e s p o n d i nngu c l e ia n d c o r t i c a Ip r o j e c t i o nas r e i n d i c a t e d
b v t h e s a m ec o l o u r .
F i g .5 2 3 T h a L a m i nc u c t e i ;
o b L i q u vei e wf r o m p o s t e r i o r .
F o r c o l o u rc o d i n gs e e F i 1 . 5 2 2 .
Fibrae
corticorubrales;
Fibrae
corticospinales;
Nucleuscaudatus.
Corous
Fibrae corticoreticulares; Fibrae
corticothalamicae;Fibrae thalamoparietales
Genucaosulaeinternae.
Fibraeiorticonucleares
Thalamus
Radiationesthalami
centrales
Fibrae
temporopontinae
Crus
anterius
capsulae
tnlernae
Fladiationes
thalami
anteriores
Radiationes
thalami
posteriores
Tractus
frontopontinus
Fibrae parietooccipitopontinae
Radiatiooptica
Radiatioacustica
Tractusopticus
Pedunculus
cerebri
, a d i a t i o n et hs a L a m i ,
F i g .5 2 1 T h a t a m i cr a d i a t i o nR
a n d i n t e r n a Ic a p s u L eC, a p s u t ai n t e r n a ,h a v eb e e n
d i v i d e db y a f r o n t a Is e c t i o n ;
viewedf rom the [eft.
Crus
posterius
capsurae
internae
Ven t ric t e s T o p o g ra p h y S e c t i o n s S p i naIcor d
Vermis cerebelli
Tectum,Colliculus
superior
Pathways
Glandula pinealis
mesenceDhali
Aoueductus
grisea
Substantia
centralis
Hemispherium
cerebelli
Fissurahorizontalis
N, trigeminus
[V]
Cruscerebri
N oculomotorius
!lll
F i g .5 2 5 M i d b r a i nM
, esencepha[on;
c r o s s - s e c t i oant t h e [ e v e Io f t h e s u o e r i o rc o t l i c u L i :
a n t e n o rv i e w .
Chiasmaopticum
Trigonum
olfactorium
Substantiaperforataanterior
Corpusmamillare
Tractusopticus
Substantiaperforataposterior
I
HATS
SubstantiaI reticularis
nrgrat Hars
I
\ compacra
Nucleusruber
Pulvinarthalami
griseacentralis
Substantia
mesencephali
Aoueductus
Fig.526 Midbrain,Mesencephaton,
a n d d i e n c e p h a l oD
n i, e n c e p h a t o n ;
a f t e r o b I i q u es e c t i o no f t h e m i d b r a i n ;
i n f e r i o rv i e w
> Brain
B l o o dv e s s e [ s
C r a n i ab
I ase
Cr aniaIner ves M e n i n g e s Partsof the brain
Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain Cerebrattracts
Midbrainand medullaoblonqata
Ventriculus
tertius
Recessus
suprapinealis
posterior
Commissura
Striaterminalis
Trigonum
habenulare
G l a n d u l ap i n e a l i s
Taeniachoroidea
Thalamus,
Pulvinar
thalami
Brachium
colliculi
superioris
Metathalamus,
Brachium
colliculiinlerioris
Corpus geniculatummediale
l/etathalamus,
Corpus geniculatumlaterale
Trigonumlemniscilateralis
Colliculus
superior
Frenulum
velimedullaris
superioris
Colliculus
interior
N trochlearis
lvl
Pedunculus
cerebellaris
medius
Pedunculus
cerebellaris
suoerior
Fossa rhomboidea,Eminentiamedialis
Velummedullare
suoerius
F i g . 5 2 7 M i d b r a i nM
, e s e n c e p h a L oann,d p i n e a Ig | ' a n d ,
G [ a n d u t pa i n e a L i s ;
p o s t e r i o r - s u p e r i ov ri e w .
527
528
Septumpellucidum
Corouscallosum.
Truncus
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornufrontale
Fornix,Columnae
Nucleuscaudatus,
Caput
(Becessus
triangularis)
Forameninterventriculare
Commissura
anterior
Tuberculum
anterius
thalami
Nucleuscaudatus.
Corous
Ventriculus
tertius
Striaterminalis
Brachium
colliculi
superioris
Laminaaffixa
Colliculus
superior
Taeniachoroidea
Corpusgeniculatum
mediale
Trigonum
habenulare
posterior
Commissura
Brachium colliculiinferioris
G l a n d u lpai n e a l i s
Corpusgeniculatum
laterale
Thalamus, Pulvinarthalami
Colliculus
inferior
Pedunculus
cerebri
N trochlearis
lvl
Frenulum
velimedullaris
suoerioris
Vermis cerebelli,Lingulacerebelli
Pedunculus
cerebellaris
medius
Pedunculus
cerebellaris
superior
Flocculus
Telachoroidea ventriculiouarti
Fossa rhomboidea,Sulcus medianus
Aoerturamedianaventriculi
ouarti
Tuberculum
cuneatum
Fasciculus
cuneatus
Pedunculus
cerebellaris
inferior
Pedunculusfloccculi
ADertura
lateralis
ventriculi
ouarti
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculi
ouarti
gracile
Tuberculum
gracilis
Fasciculus
F i g .5 2 8 B r a i n s t e mT, r u n c u se n c e p h a L i ;
t h e p o n sa n d m a j o r p a r t so f t h e c e r e b e l t u mh a v eb e e nr e m o v e d ;
t h e t e t ac h o r o i d e ao f t h e f o u r t hv e n t r i c t eh a s b e e ns e c t i o n e di n
t h e m e d i a np l a n ea n d r e fL e c t e d
to the right;
posterior-superio
v ire w
Ve n t ric te s T o p o gra p h y S e cti o n s S p inaIcor d
Pathways
Midbrainandmedullaoblongata
Frenulum
veli
superioris
medullaris
Brachium
colliculi
inferioris
Colliculus
inferior
Velummedullare
supenus
Pedunculus
cerebri
Locuscaeruleus
N trochlearislvl
Eminentia
medialis
Colliculus
facialis
Pedunculus
cerebellaris
superior
Foveasuperior
Pedunculus
cerebellaris
medius
Sulcuslimitans
Pedunculus
cerebellaris
inferior
Aperturalateralis
quarti
ventriculi
Sulcusmedianus
quarti
Striamedullaris
ventriculi
Velummedullare
inferius
Areavestibularis
Fovea inferior
Trigonum
nervihypoglossi
Trigonum
neruivagi
Areapostrema
Obex
Sulcusposterolateralis
posterlor
Sulcusintermedius
Sulcusmedianus
Tuberculum
cuneatum
lateralis
Funiculus
medullae
oblongatae
gracile
Tuberculum
Fasciculus
cuneatus
gracilis
Fasciculus
Fig.529 Rhomboidfossa,Fossarhomboidea;
view on the floor of the fourth ventricteafter
s e c t i o no f t h e c e r e b e l t apr e d u n c l e s ;
posterior-superiorview.
Brachium
colliculi
superioris
Corpusgeniculatum
mediale
Brachium
colliculiinferioris
Pulvinarthalami
Corpusgeniculatum
laterale
Tractusopticus
Pedunculus
cerebri
Pons
t'^,,
Haolxmolona
N trioeminus
[Vl
'-l I
I Badixsensoria
Glandula pinealis
Colliculus
superior
inferior
Colliculus
N. trochlearis
lvl
Velummedullare
superius
superior
Pedunculus
cerebellaris
medius
Pedunculus
cerebellaris
N facialis [Vll]
N vestibulocochlearis[Vlll]
Pyramis medullaeoblongatae
inferior
Pedunculus
cerebellaris
Fossarhomboidea,
Sulcusmedianus
N. glossopharyngeuslxl
N hypoglossus[Xll]
N vagus [X]
Tuberculum
cuneatum
I Badicescraniales
N accessonusJ
rx[
' '\ | Badicesspinales
I Fadixanterior
N cervicalis
[C1]1
\ Radixposterior
gracile
Tuberculum
F i g ,5 3 0 B r a i n s t e mT, r u n c u se n c e p h a [ i ;
o b t i o u ev i e wo n t h e f t o o ro f t h e f o u r t h
v e n t r i c t ea f t e r s e c t i o no f t h e c e r e b e l t a r
pedu nc[es;
[ateraIview.
> Brain
B [ o o dv e s s e t s
C r a n i ab
I ase
Cr aniaIner ves M e n i n g e s Partsof the brain
Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain Cerebrattracts
Nucleiof the cranialnerves
Nucleusaccessorius
nervioculomotorii
Nucleusnervioculomotorii
Nucleusmesencephalicus
nervitrigemini
Nucleusnervitrochlearis
(Nucleus
pontinusneruitrigemini*)
Nucleusmotoriusnervitrigemini
Nucleusnerviabducentis
Nucleusnervifacialis
Nucleussalivatorius
superior
Nucleuscochlearisoosterior
Nucleussalivatorius
inferior
Nucleusvestibularis
suoerior
Nucleusvestibularis
lateralis Nuclei
vestibulares
Nucleusvestibularis
inferior
Nucleusvestibularis
medialis
Nucleusambiguus
Nucleusdorsalisnervivaoi
Nucleusspinalisnervitrigemini
Nucleusnervihypoglossi
Nucleussolitarius
Nucleus
nerviaccessorii
F i g . 5 3 1 C r a n i a [n e r v e s N
, n.craniates;
t o p o g r a p h io
c v e r v i e wo f t h e n u c t e i ;
posteriorview.
I
MK
O n t h e l e f t t h e m o t o r n u c t e ia n d o n t h e r i g h t t h e s e n s o r yn u c t e i
areshown.
* C t i n i c at eI r m :p r i n c i p a
I n s o rnyu c l e uosf t h et r i g e m i n a
se
n Ie r v e
Generalsomatic-efierent
nuclei(GSE)
,rlsffi
ffi
nuclei(G/SVA)
Generaland specificvisceral-atferent
Generalvisceral-efierent
nuclei(GVE)
General somatic-atferentnuclei (GSA)
Specificvisceral-efferent
nuclei(SVE)
Specific somatic-atferent nuclei (SSA)
':rt':
Sulcusmedianus
Sulcuslimitans
vil, tx,x
Oliva
F i g . 5 3 2 C r a n i a In e r v e s N
, n.crania[es;
s c h e m a t i cc r o s s - s e c t i otnh r o u g ht h e r h o m b o i d
f o s s ad e m o n s t r a t i n tgh e n u c t e r .
vil, tx,x
v vil, rx,x, xl
ilt,tv,vt,xtl
Ventricles T o p o gra p h y S e c t i o n s S p inaIcor d
Pathways
Nucleiof thecranial
pinealis
Glandula
Nucleusruber
Nucleusaccessoriusnervioculomotorii
Pedunculus
cerebri,Cruscerebri
Nucleusnervioculomotorii
N. oculomotorius
llll
N trochlearislvl
Nucleusnervitrochlearis
nerui
Nucleusmesencephalicus
trigemini
N trigeminusIVI --------pontinusnervitrigemini*)
(Nucleus
Nucleusmotorius
nervi
trigemini
Nucleusnerviabducentis
pons
Nucleivestibulares
Nucleusnervifacialis
Nucleussalivatoriussuperior
N abducens
[Vl]
Nucleicochleares
N. facialis[Vll]
Nucleussalivatorius
inferior
N.vestibulocochlearis
[Vllll
N. glossopharyngeus
lXl
Nucleusdorsalisnervivagi
N vagus[X]
Nucleusnervihypoglossi
N hypoglossus
[Xll]
Nucleusambiguus
Nucleussolitarius
N accessorius[Xl]
Nucleusspinalisnervitrigemini
Nucleusnerviaccessorii
N accessorius
[Xll,Radicesspinales
I
I
ceneratsomatic-efierent
nuctei(csE)
ceneratviscerat-etferent
nuclei(cvE)
Specificvisceral-efferentnuclei (SVE)
nuclei(G/SVA)
Generaland specificvisceral-afierent
W
nuclei(GSA)
Generalsomatic-afferent
nuclei(SSA)
Speciticsomatic-afferent
Fig.533 Cranian
I ervesN
, n.craniates;
t o p o g r a p h i oc v e r v i e wo f t h e n u c t e i n t h e m e d i a np t a n e .
* CtinicaI
term:principaL
nerve
sensory
nucteus
of thetrigeminaI
Brain
B to o dvesse[s C r a n i a Ib a s e
Cr aniaIner ves M e n i n g e s Partsof the brain
Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain CerebraItracts
Cerebellum
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculi
tertii
Ventriculus
tertius
Tela choroideaventriculitertii
Adhesio interthalamica
Fornix,Columna
Corpuscallosum
Forameninterventriculare
Corpuscallosum,
Rostrum
pinealis
Glandula
Commissura
anterior
V magnacerebri
Laminaterminalis
Tectummesencephali
Hypothalamus
Culmen
Corpusmamillare
Aqueductus
mesencephali
Chiasmaopticum
Recessus
infundibuli
Declive
Fossainterpeduncularis
Hypophysis
Lobuluscentralis
Tegmentum
mesencephali
Lingulacerebelli
Pons
Fasciculus
longitudinalis
medialis
Foliumvermis
Velummedullare
superius
A basilaris
quartus
Ventriculus
Fastigium
Decussatio
oedunculorum
cerebellarium
suDeriorum
Tubervermis
Sulcusbulbopontinus
Plexuschoroideus
quarti
ventriculi
Fossarhomboidea
A vertebralis
Pyramisvermis
quarti
Aperturamedianaventriculi
Canaliscentralis
Tonsillacerebelli
F i g , 5 3 4 B r a i n s t e mT, r u n c u sc e r e b r i w
, ith
t h e c e r e b e t l u mC, e r e b e t l u ma, n d t h e f o u r t h
v e n t r i c t eV, e n t r i c u t uqs u a r t u s ;
m e d i a ns e c t i o n .
Lingulacerebelli
I
Lobuluscentralis Lobuscerebelli
I anterior
Culmen
)
Tectummesencephali,
Laminatectalis
Fissuraprima
Aqueductus
mesencephali
Declive
quartus
Ventriculus
Folium vermis
Lobus cerebelli
poslenor
Tubervermis
Pyramisvermis
Uvulavermis
Medullaspinalis
Fissurasecunda
Nodulus
LOOUS
flocculonodularis
F i g .5 3 5 P a r t so f t h e c e r e b e t t avr e r m i s ,V e r m i sc e r e b e t l i ;
m e d i a ns e c t i o n ;
overvtew
li
Ventrictes T o p o g ra p h y S e c t i o n s S p i n a Ic o r d
.:r.:ii-
Pathways
Cerebellum
Lobuluscentralis
L i n g u l ac e r e b e l l i
Lobulusquadrangularis
anterior,
Parsanterior
Fissuraprima
Lobulussimplex,
Lobulusquadrangularis
posterior
Lobulussemilunaris
supenor
inferior
Lobulussemilunaris
Foliumvermis
F i g .5 3 6 C e r e b e l t u mC, e r e b e t t u m ;
posterior-superio
v ire w .
Hemispheriumcerebelli
Vermis
cerebelli
Linoula
cerebelli)
'
Ala lobuli centralis
I Lobus
Lobuluscentralis
I cerebelli
I antenor
Culmen
)
Lobulusquadrangularis
anterior
Fissuraprima
Lobulussimplex,
Lobulusquadrangularis
Posterior
Declive
Lobulussemilunaris
supeflor
Foliumvermis
Fissurahorizontalis
Tubervermis
Lobus
cerebelli
posterior
Lobulussemilunaris
inferior
Pyramisvermis
Lobulus gracilis
Uvulavermis
Lobulusbiventer
Fissurasecunda
(Fissuranodulolloccularis)
Tonsillacerebelli
Flocculus
Nodulus
F i g .5 3 7 C e r e b e t l u mC, e r e b e t t u m ;
d i a g r a mo f t h e c e r e b e t [ acr o r t e xo u t s t r e t c h e d ;
overvtew.
Lobus
flocculonodularis
B to o dv essets C r a n i a bI a s e
C r a n i a In e r v e s M e n i n g e s
Partsof the brain
Overview Forebrain M i d b r a i n H i n d b r a i n C e r e b r atIr a c t s
Cerebellum
Velummedullare
superius
quarti
Tegmenventriculi
Lobuluscentralis
Ala lobuli centralis
Lingulacerebelli
Velummedullare
inferius
Pedunculus
cerebellaris
suoerior
Hemispheriumcerebelli
Pedunculus
medius
cerebellaris
Flocculus
Fissurahorizontalis
Recessus
lateralis
quarti
ventriculi
Fissuraoosterolateralis
Hemispheriumcerebelli
Pedunculus
flocculi
Valleculacerebelli
Uvulavermis
Nodulus
Fig.538 CerebeILum
C,e r e b e t L u m ;
a f t e r s e c t i o no f t h e c e r e b e t L aore d u n c L e s :
a n t e r i o rv i e w .
Lobulussemilunaris
superior
Tubervermis
Pyramisvermis
Fissura horizontalis
Uvulavermis
Nodulus
Lobulusbiventer
Hemisoheriumcerebelli
Tonsillacerebelli
Flocculus
F i g .5 3 9 C e r e b e I L u m
C,e r e b e l L u m ;
p o s t e r i o r -ni f e r i o rv i e w .
Ventricles T o p o g ra p h y S e cti o n s S p l n a lc o r d
Pathways
Cerebellarnuclei
Lamina tecti
suoeriot
Pedunculus
cerebellaris
Lingula cerebelli
quartl
ventriculi
Plexuschoroideus
quartus
Ventriculus
Nucleusdentatus
Corpus medullare
cerebelli
Hilum nuclei dentati
Cortex cerebelli
Velummedullare
inferius
F i g .5 4 0 C e r e b e t l u m
Ce
, rebeLtum;
nhlinrro coetinn'
p o s t e r i o vr i e w .
Decussatio
oedunculorum
cerebellarium
suoeriorum
quartus
Ventriculus
Velummedullare
suoerius
Fasciculuslongitudinalismedialis
Lingula cerebelli
Pedunculus
cerebellaris
superior
Cortex cerebelli
Stratummoleculare
Stratumgranulosum
(Laminae albae)
Hilumnucleidentati
Fissuraecerebelli
Corousmedullare
cerebelli
F i g .5 4 1 C e r e b e L l u mC,e r e b e t l u m ;
o b l i q u es e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e u p p e rc e r e b e t l apr e d u n c t e s ;
oosteriorview.
> Brain
Btoodvesse[s Cr aniaIbase Cr aniaIner ves M e n i n g e s Partsof the brain
Forebrain M i d b r a i n H i n d b r a i n Cerebrat
tracts
Association and commi ssuraI tracts
Fibraearcuataecerebri
Cingulum
Fasciculus
longitudinalis
supenor
Fasciculus
uncinatus
Fasciculus
longitudinalis
inferior
Fig. 5lr2 Associationtracts, Neurofi brae association
is;
p r o j e c t i o no n t ot h e c e r e b r a h
Lemisphere;
overytew;
viewedfrom the Left.
Radiatio
corporis callosi
F i g .5 4 3 C o m m i s s u r atIr a c t s ,N e u r o f i b r a ce o m m i s s u r a l e s ;
topographicoverviewafter extensiveremovaIof the corpus
c a t l o s u mi n t h e p a r a m e d i a np l a n e ;
s i n g t ef i b r e so f t h e c o r p u sc a [ t o s u ma r e s h o w n ;
viewedfrom the teft.
Ventrictes Topography S e cti o n s S p inaIcor d
Pathways
Corouscallosum.Truncus
Gyruscinguli
Sulcuscorooriscallosi
Corpuscallosum,
Genu
Gyrusprecentralis
Sulcusparietooccipitalis
Corpuscallosum,
Splenium
Caosulainterna.Crusanterius
Corpusgeniculatum
laterale
Capsulainterna,Genu
Sulcuscalcarinus
Pedunculuscerebellarismedius
Tractuspyramidalis,Fibraecorticospinales
Pyramis
Fig.544 Projection
tracts,Neurofibraeprojectionis
;
t h ei n t e r n acl a p s u [aen dt h ep y r a m i d at rta c th a v eb e e ne x p o s e d ;
viewedfromthe Left.
Sulcuscentralis
thalaml
Radiationes
centrales
Tractusf rontooontinus
Fibraeparietopontinae;
Fibraeoccipitopontinae
Radiatio optica
Cerebellum
Medullaoblongata
Oecussatiopyramidum
lateralis
Tractuscorticosoinalis
Tractuscorticosoinalis
anterior
Fig.545 InternaI
tract,
capsute,
Capsula
interna,
andpyramidaI
Tractuspyramidatis;
functionaI
overview;
viewedfromthe Left.
* F i b r e st o t h e t e c t a Ip l a t ea n d t h e n u c l e io f t h e h i n d b r a i n
+ * P e r i k a r y ao f t h e p y r a m i d a It r a c t
* * * P e r i k a r y ao f a r e a s6 a n d 8 ( p r e m o t o rc o r t e x )
> Brain
Btoodvessets Cr aniaIbase Cr aniaIner ves M e n i n g e s Partsof the brain
Overview Forebrain M i d b r a i n H i n d b r a i n Cerebral
tracts
lnternalcapsule
Nucleuscaudatus,
Caput
Radiationes thalami anteriores
Tractustrontooontinus
Capsulainterna,
Crusanterius
Mm. bulbi
Mm.laryngis
Mm.pharyngis
Mm palatiet faucium
Mm.masticatorii
Capsulainterna,
Genu
Mm linguae
Mm faciei
Insula[Lobusinsularis]
Mm. colli
Mm.digitorum
manus
Claustrum
Mm manus
Putamen
Mm.antebrachii
Globuspalliduslateralis
Mm.brachii
--'.\
Globuspallidusmedialis
\'
Capsulaexterna
'i
lvlmthoracis
Capsulae)drema
Capsulainterna,
Crusposterius
\
Mm vesicaeurinariae;Mm. recti
Crusposterius;
Fibraecorticospinales;
Fibraecorticorubrales;
Fibraecorticoreticulares;
Fibraecorticothalamicae;
Fibraethalamoparietales:
Radiationes
thalamicentrales
F i g . 5 4 6 I n t e r n acIa p s u t eC,a p s u tian t e r n a ;
functiona
o Ir g a n i s a t i o n .
Ventrictes T o p o g r a p h y
S e cti o n s S p i n a cI o r d
Pathways
Fissuralongitudinalis
cerebri
Fornix,Columna
Septumpellucidum
Gyrusfrontalis
superior
mamillothalamicus
Fasciculus
Corouscallosum.
Truncus
Nucleussubthalamicus
Radictiocorooriscallosi
Lobusparietalis
Ventriculuslateralis,
Parscentralis
Capsulainterna
Nucleuscaudatus,
Caput
Nucleuslentiformis
Ventriculus
tertius
Laminamedullaris
lateralis
Globuspallidus
lateralis
Capsulaexterna
Claustrum
Gyriinsulae
Capsulaextrema
Sulcuslateralis
Laminamedullaris
medialis
Putamen
Globuspallidus
medialis
Nucleuscaudatus,
Cauda
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornutemporale
Tractusopticus
Pes hippocampi
Lobustemporalis
Corporamamillaria
Substantia
nigra,
Parscompacta
Pedunculus
cerebellaris
medius
Pedunculus
cerebri,
Cruscerebri
N facialis
Nill
medialis
Fasciculus
lonoitudinalis
vestibulocochlearis
[Vllll
Flocculus
N glossopharyngeus
ilXl
ventriculi
Plexuschoroideus
ouarl
N vagus[X]
Hemisoheriumcerebelli
Nucleusolivarisinferior
FossainterDeduncularis
Hilumnucleiolivarisinferioris
Decussatio
ovramidum
l-lll=
l=
ll=
ilt =
Amiculum
olivare
Medulla spinalis
Thalamic nuclei, Nuclei thalami:
Median nuclei, Nuclei mediani
Anterior nuclei, Nuclei anteriores
Ventral nuclei, Nuclei ventrales
Fig.517 PyramidaL
tract, Tractuspyramidatis,and
, u c t e ib a s a l e s ;
b a s a Ig a n g t i aN
o b l . i q u e lsyt a g g e r e ds e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e p o s t e r i o rL i m bo f t h e
i n t e r n a Ic a p s u [ et,h e c e r e b r a p
I e d u n c t e sa,n d t h e m e d u [ [ a
obtongata.
> Brain
B [o o dvesse[s Cr aniaIbase Cr aniaIner ves M e n i n g e s Par tsof the br ai n
Ventri cles,p rojection
Sulcuscentralis
Lobusparietalis
Forameninterventriculare
Parscentralis
Cornufrontale
Ventriculus
tertius
Cornuoccipitale
Lobus occipitalis
Aqueductus
mesencephali
Cerebellum
Lobustemporalis
Aperturamediana
Cornutemporale
Canaliscentralis
Medulla oblongata
F i g .5 4 8 V e n t r i c t e o
s f t h e b r a i n ,V e n t r i c u Iei n c e p h a t i .
Lobusfrontalis
Forameninterventriculare
Parscentralis
Ventriculus
tertius
Sulcuslateralis
Aqueductus
mesencephali
Lobustemporalis
Cornutemporale
quartus
Ventriculus
Aperturalateralis
Canaliscentralis
Medulla oblongata
F i g .5 4 9 V e n t r i c [ e o
s f t h e b r a i n ,V e n t r i c u lei n c e p h a I i ;
a n t e r i o rv i e w .
Ventrictes T o p o gra p h y S e cti o n s S p i n acI o r d
Pathways
Adhesio interthalamica
Forameninterventriculare
Ventriculus
tertius
Parscentralis
Ventriculus
lateralis.
Recessus
suoraoinealis
pinealis
Becessus
Commissura
anterior
Aoueductus
mesenceohali
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornufrontale
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornuoccipitale
Recessus
supraopticus
Chiasmaopticum
Recessus
infundibuli
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornutemporale
Colliculus
facialis
quartus
Ventriculus
Striaemedullares
quarti
ventriculi
Fastigium
quarti
Recessus
lateralis
ventriculi
Sulcusmedianus
Aoerturalateralis
ventriculi
ouarti
quarti
Apertura
medianaventriculi
Canaliscentralis
F i g , 5 5 0 I n n e r[ i q u o rs p a c e sV, e n t r i c u tei n c e p h a t i ;
c o r r o s i o nc a s ts p e c i m e n ;
o b t i q u ev i e wf r o m t h e t e f t .
Granulationesarachnoideae
Parscentralis
Cornufrontale
superior
Sinussagittalis
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculi
lateralis
Cisternaoericallosa
Spatiumsubarachnoideum
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculi
tertii
*
Forameninteruentriculare
occipitale
Ventriculus
tertius
Cornutemporale
Cisterna
chiasmatica
V magnacerebri
Cisternainterpeduncularis
Sinusrectus
**
Aqueductus
mesencephali
quartus
Ventriculus
Conlluens
sinuum
Cisternaoontocerebellaris
Plexuschoroideus
quarti
ventriculi
quarti
Aoerturamedianaventriculi
posterior
cerebellomedullaris
Cisterna
Aperturalater€lis
Fig.551 Ventricleo
s f t h e b r a i n ,V e n t r i c u tei n c e p h a [ i ,
a n d s u b a r a c h n o isdp a c e ,S p a t i u ms u b a r a c h n o i d e u m ;
s c h e m ao f t h e c i r c u L a t i o[na r r o w s o
] f the cerebrospinat
f L u i dL, i q u o rc e r e b r o s p i n a t if sr o, m t h e i n n e rt o t h e o u t e r
[ r o u o rs o a c e s .
* CLinicaI
term:foramenof N40NR0
** CtinicaI
term:cerebraL
aoueduct
of SYLVIUS
> Brain
B L o o dv e s s e [ s
C r a n i abI a s e Cr aniaIner ves M e n i n g e s Par tsof the br ai n
Brain,topography
A cerebrianterior,
A pericallosa
Gyrusfrontalis
medius
Strialongitudinalis
I
mediatis
I tndusium
Strialonoitudinalis
I gnseum
lateralis
)
(Cenkum semiovale)
Polusoccipitalis
553
F i g .5 5 2 C o r p u sc a l t o s u mC
, o r p u sc a l t o s u m ;
after removaIof the upper parts of the
c e r e b r a Ih e m i s p h e r e s ;
s u p e n o rv r e w .
Ventricles
Topography S e cti o n s S p i naIcor d
Pathways
Gyruscinguli
Genu
Corpuscallosum,
callosum.
Rostrum
CorDus
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornulrontale
Nucleuscaudatus.
Caout
Forameninterventriculare
V. thalamostriata
suoerior
Striaterminalis
Insula[Lobusinsularis]
Lamina affixa
Ependymum
Truncus
Corpuscallosum,
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Parscentralis
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculi
lateralis
Fornix,Crus
Fimbriahippocampi
Glomuschoroideum
Hippocampus
Trigonum
collaterale
Gyrusfasciolaris
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornuoccipitale
Sulcuscalcarinus
554
F i g .5 5 3 L a t e r a Iv e n t r i c [ e sV, e n t r i c u Ll ai t e r a t e s ;
a f t e rr e m o v ao
I f t h e u p p e rp a r t so f t h e c e r e b r a I
hemispheres;
s u p e n 0 rv r e w .
> Brain
B to o dvessets Cr aniaIbase C r a n i a In e r v e s M e n i n g e s P a r t so f t h e b r a i n
Brainvessets
Truncus
Corouscallosum.
Ventriculus
lateralis.
Parscentralis
V thalamostriata
supenor
Nucleuscaudatus.
Corous
Capsulainterna
Fornix,Crus
InsulaILobusinsularis]
Calcar avis
Ventriculus
lateralis.
CornutemDorale
Fimbria hippocampi
Eminentiacollateralis
Trigonum
collaterale
556
F i g ,5 5 4 L a t e r a Iv e n t r i c L e V
s ,e n t r i c u tlia t e r a t e s ;
I f t h e u p p e rp a r t so f t h e c e r e b r a I
a f t e rr e m o v ao
hemispheres;
o o s t e r i o vr i e wf r o m t h e t e f t .
553
Pes hippocampi
Hippocampus
Alveus hippocampi
Trigonumcollaterale
Sulcushippocampalis
Gyrusdentatus
Gyrusparahippocampalis
Sulcus collateralis
F i g .5 5 5 L e f tt e m p o r a Lh o r n ,C o r n ut e m p o r a [ e ,
o f t h e l a t e r a Iv e n t r i c L eV,e n t r i c u t u [sa t e r a t i s ;
f r o n t a Is e c t i o na f t e r r e m o v a I o ft h e t e m p o r a L w a t [ :
posterior-superio
v ire w .
Ventricles Topography S e cti o n s S p i n a Ic o r d
Pathways
Genu
Corpuscallosum,
Gyruscinguli
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornufrontale
Rostrum
Corpuscallosum,
Cavumseptipellucidi
Septumpellucidum
Nucleuscaudatus,
Caput
Fornix,Columna
Forameninterventriculare
V thalamostriata
superior
Capsulainterna
Striaterminalis
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Parscentralis
Fornix,Corpus
Nucleuscaudatus,
Corpus
InsulaILobusinsularis]
Laminaaffixa
Fornix,Crus
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculi
lateralis
Fimbriahippocampi
ventriculi
tertii
Telachoroidea
Hippocampus
Trigonum
collaterale
Glomuschoroideum
Splenium
Corpuscallosum,
Calcaravis
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornuoccipitale
Vermiscerebelli
558
F i g .5 5 6 L a t e r a Iv e n t r i c t e sV, e n t r i c u L[ ai t e r a t e s ;
I f t h e u p p e rp a r t so f t h e c e r e b r a I
a f t e rr e m o v ao
h e m i s p h e r e as n d t h e c e n t r a lp a r t o f t h e c o r p u sc a t l o s u m ;
s u p e n o rv t e w
55/.
Plexus choroideusventriculilateralis
Ependymum
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornutemporale
Fimbria hippocampi
Sulcushippocampalis
Alveushippocampi
Peshippocampi
grisea
Substantia
Substantia
alba
Gyrusparahippocampalis
Sulcuscollateralis
*
Gyrusoccipitotemporalls
medialis
F i g ,5 5 7 T e m p o r a hI o r n ,C o r n ut e m p o r a t e ,
o f t h e [ a t e r a vI e n t r i c L eV,e n t r i c u t u [sa t e r a [ i s ;
s c h e m a t i cf r o n t a Ls e c t i o n .
Brain
B l o o dvessets C r a n i abI a s e Cr aniaIner ves M e n i n g e s Par tsof the br ai n
Brainvessets
Corouscallosum.
Genu
Fissura
longitudinalis
cerebri
Rostrum
Corpuscallosum,
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornufrontale
Cavumsepti
pellucidi
Nucleuscaudatus,
Caput
Septumpellucidum
Fornix,Columna
V thalamostriata
superior
Foramen
interventriculare
Striaterminalis
Insula
ILobusinsularis]
Laminaatfixa
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Parscentralis
Taeniafornicis
Capsulainterna
Nucleuscaudatus,
Corpus
Nucleuscaudatus,
Cauda
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculi
tertii
Fornix,Crus
ventriculi
Telachoroidea
tertii
Hippocampus
V internacerebri
Trigonum
collaterale
pinealis
Glandula
Calcaravis
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornuoccipitale
V magnacerebri
Vermiscerebelli
560
F i g ,5 5 8 L a t e r a vI e n t r i c l e sV, e n t r i c u tLi a t e r a l e s ;
a f t e rr e m o v ao
I f t h e c e n t r a Lo a r t o f t h e c o r o u s
c a l t o s u ma n d t h e c o l u m n so f t h e f o r n i x :
s u 0 e n 0 rv r e w .
556
Fissuralonoitudinalis
cerebri
Ependymum
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculi
lateralis
Nucleuscaudatus.
CorDUs
Lamina affixa
Thalamus
griseum
Indusium
Corpuscallosum
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Parscentralis
V thalamostriata
superlor
Fornix,Corpus
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculi
tertii
Ventriculus
tedius
Tela choroideaventriculitertii
F i g .5 5 9 C e n t r a Lp a r t s ,P a r t e sc e n t r a t e so, f t h e [ a t e r a vI e n t r i c [ e s
a n d t h i r d v e n t r i c L eV,e n t r i c u L ut se r t i u s ;
s c h e m a t i cf r o n t a Is e c t i o n
Ventrictes Topography S e c t i o n s
S p i n a lc o r d
Pathways
Genu
Corpuscallosum,
Venkiculus
lateralis,
Cornufrontale
Cavumseptipellucidi
Septumpellucidum
Nucleuscaudatus,
Caput
(Recessus
triangularis)
Fornix,Columna
Commissura
anterior
Recessus
supraopticus
Forameninterventriculare
Recessus
infundibuli
Adhesiointerthalamica*
thalamostriata
superior
Thalamus
Taeniathalami
Nucleuscaudatus,
Corpus
Striaterminalis
Sulcushypothalamicus
Taeniachoroidea
Aqueductus
mesencephali
Nucleuscaudatus,
Cauda
posterior
Commissura
pinealis
Recessus
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculi
tertii
habenularum
Commissura
G l a n d u lpai n e a l i s
Telachoroidea
ventriculi
tertii
V magna cerebri
Recessus
suprapinealis
V internacerebri
F i g .5 6 0 L a t e r a vI e n t r i c L e V
s ,e n t r i c u I[ia t e r a t e sa, n d
t h i r dv e n t r i c [ eV, e n t r i c u L ut se r t i u s ;
p a r t so f t h e c e r e b r a h
, e c e n t r a Ip a r t o f t h e
L e m i s p h e r e st h
c o r p u sc a t t o s u ma s w e t l a s t h e f o r n i xa n d t h e c h o r o i dp t e x u s
h a v eb e e nr e m o v e dt,h e t e t a c h o r o i d e ao f t h e t h i r d v e n t r i c l e
h a s b e e nr e f t e c t e d ;
s u p e n o rv t e w .
* T h ei n t e r t h a [ a maidch e s i ohna sb e e ns e c t i o n ei ndt h em e d i a p
nlane
Fornix,Columna
Forameninterventriculare
Taeniathalami
(Fissura
telodiencephalica)
Fornix,Crus
F i g .5 6 1 T a e n i a eT, a e n i a eo, f t h e c h o r o i dp l e x u s ,
P t e x u sc h o r o i d e u o
s f thecerebrum:
s u p e n o rv r e w .
> Brain
B to o dvessets C r a n i a bI a s e Cr aniaIner ves M e n i n g e s Par tsof the br ai n
Arteriesof the baseof thebrain
A. communicans
anterior
Bulbusolfactorius
Chiasmaopticum
A frontobasalismedialis
A frontobasalislateralis
Tractusolfactorius
N opticuslll
A cerebrianterior,
Parsprecommunicalis
A'l]
[Segmentum
A carotisinterna
A communicans
oosterior
Areasubcallosa
N oculomotorius
llll
A, cerebrioosterior.
Parspostcommunicalis
P2]
[Segmentum
A cerebrimedia,
Parssphenoidalis
M1]
[Segmentum
A, superiorcerebelli
Insula[Lobus
insularisl
N trigeminus
[V]
A labyrinthi
A. cerebrimedia,
Parsinsularis
M2]
[Segmentum
N facialis[Vll]
Lobus
temporalis
N. vestibulocochlearis
lvilrl
A choroidea
anterior
Plexus
choroideus
quarti
ventriculi
Substantia
perforata
posterior
A cerebriposterior,
Parsprecommunicalis
P1l
lsegmentum
N glossopharyngeus
ttxl
A. superior
cerebelli
A. inlerior
anteriorcerebelli
A basilaris
N
abducens
[Vll
N
hypoglossus
[Xll]
Hemispheriumcerebelli
N vagus[X]
N accessorius
[Xl]
A inferiorposterior
cerebelli
Medulla spinalis
F i g . 5 6 2 A r t e r i e so f t h e b r a i n .
Ventric[es Topography S e cti o n s S p i n a Ic o r d
A cerebrianterior f
Pathways
earsOostcommunicalis
I P"r"pr""orrrnicalis:-
anterior
A. communicans
Aa. centralesanteromediales
A carotisinterna,Parscerebralis
A. cerebrimedia
I Parssphenoidalis
I
\ Parsinsularis-
Aa centralesanterolaterales
A choroidea anteriol
posterior
A. communicans
I Parspostcommunicalis
A cerebriposterior l
Parsprecommunicalis
I
R chiasmaticus
R nervioculomotorii
A thalamotuberalis
R hypothalamicus
Aa.tuberiscinerei
A. superiorcerebelli
Aa centralesoosteromediales
Aa mesencephalicae
Aa. pontis
A labyrinthi
A. inferioranteriorcerebelli
cerebelli
A. inferiorDosterior
F i g .5 6 3 A r t e r i a Ic i r c t eo f t h e b r a i n ,
Circutusarteriosuscerebri [wtt-t-ts].
F i g .5 6 4 a - g A r t e r i a Ic i r c t eo f t h e b r a i n ,
C i r c u [ u sa r t e r i o s u sc e r e b r i .
a - c V a r i a t i o no
s f t h e a n t e r i o rp o r t i o n
d-f Variationo
s f t h e p o s t e r i o rp o r t i o n
g
V e r yf a r i n f e r i o ru n i o no f t h e v e r t e b r a aI r t e r i e s
B L o o dv e s s e l s
Cr aniaIner ves M e n i n g e s
C r a n i ab
I ase
P a r t so f t h e b r a i n
Arteriesof the brain
Adhesio interthalamica
Corpuscallosum,
Truncus
Fornix,Corpus
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculi
tertii
Forameninterventriculare
Tela choroideaventriculitenii
Septumpellucidum
Sulcuscentralis
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornuf rontale
G l a n d u l ap i n e a l i s
Corpuscallosum,
Splenium
V magnacerebri
A cerebriposterior
A cerebrianterior,
Parspostcommunicalis,
A pericallosa
Corpuscallosum,
Genu
Corpuscallosum,
Rostrum
Commissura
anterior
Lamina terminalis
A communicans
anterior
Sulcus
calcaflnus
Hypothalamus
Chiasmaopticum
A carotisinterna
Infundibulum
Sulcushypothalamicus
Hypophysis
Corpusmamillare
sinistrum
Ventriculus
tertius
Commissura
posterior
Aqueductus
mesencephali
Tectum
mesencephali
Vermis cerebelli
A basilaris
Thalamus
quartus
Ventriculus
Pons
A vertebralis
\;)
Hemispheriumcerebelli,
Tonsillacerebelli
Canalis centralis
oblongata
F i g . 5 6 5 M e d i a Is u r f a c eo f t h e b r a i n ,F a c i e sm e d i a t r s
h e m i s p h e r ici e r e b r i ;d i e n c e p h a | . oDni,e n c e p h a t o a
nn
,d
b r a i n s t e mT, r u n c u se n c e p h a I i ;
s t a g g e r e dm e d i a ns e c t i o n ;
viewedfrom the [eft.
A cerebriposterior
F i g .5 6 5 A r t e r i a L s u p p toyf t h e b r a i n ;
viewedfrom the [eft.
F i g .5 5 7 A r t e r i a ls u p p t yo f t h e b r a i n ;
m e d i a Iv i e w .
Ve nt ric [ e s Topography S e cti o n s S p i n a Ic o r d
Pathways
Arteriesand veinsof the brain
A. trontobasalis
medialis
A cerebrianterior
lateralis,
Ventriculus
Cornufrontale
V. anteriorsepti
pellucidi
A cerebri media
Lamina affixa
V thalamostriata
supenor
A choroidea
anterior
V interna
cereorl
R choroideus
posterior
V magnacerebri
Glomuschoroideum
inferior
Sinussagittalis
A. cerebriposterior
Tentorium
cerebelli
superior
Sinussagittalis
F i g . 5 6 8 A r t e r i e sa n d v e i n so f t h e b r a i n ,
A r t e r i a ee t V e n a ec e r e b r i .
B[oodvessets Cr aniaIbase Cr aniaIner ves M e n i n q e s Partsof the brain
Ventricteprojection
Veinsof the brain
Forameninterventriculare
V anterior
septipellucidi
V thalamostriata
suoerior
Thalamus
V choroideasuperior
V basalis
Vv.internaecerebri
V magnacerebri
V lateralisventriculi
lateralis
F i g .5 6 9 D e e pv e i n so f t h e b r a i n ,V v .p r o f u n d a ec e r e b r i .
T h e i n t e r n a lc e r e b r avI e i n sr u n w i t h i nt h e t e t a c h o r o i d e ao f t h e
t h i r dv e n t r i c t e .
Vv.internae
cerebri
Pulvinarthalami
V magnacerebri
V choroidea
inferior
V basalis
N. trigeminus
[Vl
F i g . 5 7 0 D e e pv e i n so f t h e b r a i n ,V v .p r o f u n d a ec e r e b r i ;
p o s t e r i o vr i e wf r o m t h e r i g h t .
l"es
Ventnie
Topography Sections
S p l r n , *r {: n r d
$}nthwut5rs;
Brain,sections
Cellulaeethmoidales
Bulbusoculi
N o p t i c u lsl l
Chiasmaopticum
lnfundibulum
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornutemporale
Cisternainterpeduncularis
Pedunculus
cerebri
Hippocampus
mesencephali
Tegmentum
Vermis cerebelli
mesencephali
Aqueductus
Sulcus calcarinus
Tectummesencephali
Fig.571 Brain,Encepha[on;
m a g n e t i cr e s o n a n cteo m o g r a p h ii cm a g eI M R l l ;
h o r i z o n t asLe c t i o na t t h e l e v e Io f t h e m i d b r a i na n d t h e
t e m p o r a Lh o r n so f t h e L a t e r a t v e n t r i c l e s ;
S U p e r o rv r e w .
572
573
571
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornufrontale
Nucleuscaudatus,
Caput
pellucidum
Septum
Fornix.Columna
InsulaILobusinsularis]
Ventriculus
tertius
Thalamus
Fornix,Crus
Ventriculuslaterahs,
Cornu occipjtale
F i s s u r al o n g i t u d i n a l i s
cereDrl
F i g . 5 7 2 B r a i n ,E n c e p h a t o n ;
m a g n e t i cr e s o n a n cteo m o g r a p h ii cm a g eI M R l ) ;
h o r i z o n t asI e c t i o na t t h e L e v eoI f t h e c e n t r a Ip a r t s
o f t h e L a t e r avI e n t r i c [ e s ;
s u p e n o rv r e w
Fig.573 Brain,Encephaton;
m a g n e t i cr e s o n a n cteo m o g r a p h ii cm a g eI M R I J ;
h o r i z o n t asI e c t i o na t t h e L e v eoLf t h e t h i r d v e n t r i c t e
a n d t h e o p e n i n go f t h e t e m p o r a hI o r n so f t h e
L a t e r avI e n t r i c t e s ;
s u p e f l o rv r e w .
Brain
B l o o dv e s s e l s
G y r u sc i n g u l i
C r a n i ab
I ase
Cr aniaIner ves M e n i n g e s
P a r t so f t h e b r a i n
pellucidum'
Septum
Ventriculus
tertius;Thalamus"
Corpuscallosum,
Splenium
Commissura
anterior
C o r p u cs a l l o s u mG,e n u
Aqueductus
mesencephali
Corpusmamillare
Tectummesencephali
Chiasmaopticum
Sulcuscalcarinus
Hypophysis
S i n u ss p h e n o i d a l i s
Vermiscerebelli
A basilaris
quartus
Ventriculus
pons
Parsnasalispharyngis
Cisterna
cerebellomedullaris
Lrngua
M e d u l l as p i n a l i s
Parsoralispharyngis
Pars laryngea
pnaryngrs
Densaxis
F i g . 5 7 1 B r a i n ,E n c e p h a L o n ;
m a g n e t i cr e s o n a n cteo m o g r a p h ii cm a g el M R l ) ;
m e d i a ns e c t i o nT h e s t r u c t u r e sm a r k e dw i t h + a o o e a r
p a r t L yf a t s i ife d a s a c o n s e q u e n coef t h e " p a r t i a t - v o I u m e effect".
575
Sulcuscentralis
Insula[Lobusinsularis]
Ventriculus
lateralis.
CornutemDorale
Bulbuo
s culi
S i n u sm a x i l l a r i s
Cerebellum
F i g . 5 7 5 B r a i n ,E n c e p h a t o n ;
m a g n e t i cr e s o n a n cteo m o g r a p h ii cm a g e{ M R l l ;
s a g i t t a sI e c t i o n .
Ventric[es T o p o gra p h y Sections
S p inaIcor d
Pathways
Spatiumsubarachnoideum
Gyrusfrontalismedius
Truncus
Corpuscallosum,
Gyrusfrontalis
inferior
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornufrontale
Gyriinsulae
Caputnucleicaudati
Septumpellucidum
Fossalateraliscerebri
Nucleuslentiformis
Gyrustemporalis
superior
Capsulainterna
A cerebrimedia
Gyrustemporalis
inferior
F i g . 5 7 6 B r a i n ,E n c e p h a L o n ;
m a g n e t i cr e s o n a n c teo m o g r a p h i ci m a g e{ M R l ) ;
f r o n t a Is e c t i o n
Truncus
Corpuscallosum,
Gyrusfrontalis
medjus
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Parscentralis
Corpusnucleicaudati
Gyrusfrontalisinferior
Fornix
Thalamus
Fossa lateralis cerebri
Ventriculus
tertius
Gyrustemporalis
superior
lateralis,
Ventriculus
Cornutemporale
Hippocampus
Gyrustemporalis
inferior
Pedunculus
cerebri
FossainterDeduncularis
F i g . 5 7 7 B r a i n ,E n c e p h a l o n ;
t o m o g r a p h i ci m a g eI M R l l ;
m a g n e t i cr e s o n a n c e
f r o n t a Ls e c t i o n .
Brain
B[oodvessel.s C r a n i a b
I ase
O n e l n i anIe r v e s M e n i n q e s
P a r t so f t h e b n a i n
l\ilargosuperior
Gyrusfrontalis
superior
Fissuralongitudinalis
cerebri
A callosomarginalis
A cerebri anterior.A oericallosa
S u l c u sc i n g u l i
Corpuscallosum,
Truncus
G y r u sc i n g u l i
S e p t u mp e l l u c i d u m
Gyrusfrontalismedius
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornufrontale
Sulcuscorporiscallosi
Badiatiocorporis callosi
Arachnoideamater cranialis
Corpuscallosum,
Rostrum
Gyrusf rontalisinferior
Capsulainterna
V anterior
septipellucidi
Capsulaexterna
Nucleuscaudatus,
Caput
Capsulaextrema
V media
superficialis
cerebri
Putamen
A cerebrimedia
Fossalateralis
cerebri
Cisternapericallosa
Gyriinsulae
Areasubcallosa
Polus
temporalis
A cerebrianterior,
Parspostcommunicalis
Gyri orbitales
Gyrustemporalis
interior
Tractusolfactorius
Margoinferolateralis
Gyrusrectus
l\4argoinferomedialis
Fig.578 Brain,EncephaLon;
f r o n t a Ls e c t i o na t t h e L e v eoLf t h e a n t e r i o rp a r t s
o f t h e f r o n t a Lh o r n so f t h e L a t e r avLe n t r i c [ e s
Gyruslrontalissuperior
l\4argosuperior
A pericallosa
Fissuralongitudinalis
cerebri
S u l c u sc i n g u l i
Gyruscinguli
Cisterna pericallosa
Truncus
Corpuscallosum,
Gyrusfrontalismedius
Radiatiocorporis callosi
Sulcuscorporis
callosi
Septumpellucidum
Nucleuscaudatus.
Caout
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornufrontale
Gyrusfrontalis
inferior
Capsulainterna,
Crusanterius
Putamen
Capsulaexterna
Sulcus circularisinsulae
Sulcuslateralis
Corpuscallosum,
Rostrum
Capsulaextrema
V mediasuperficialis
cerebri
cereDrl
Claustrum
Gyriinsulae
Gyrus
temporalis
supenor
Cisterna
fossae
lateralis
cerebri
Gyrusparaterminalis
Gyrustemporalis
inferior
Cisterna pericallosa;
Cisterna laminab terminalis
A cerebri media,
Pars insularis
A communicans
anterior
lvlargointerolateralis
A cerebrianterior,
Parsprecommunicalis
Gyrusrectus
Tractusollactorius
l\4argoinferomedialis
F i g . 5 7 9 B r a i n ,E n c e p h a L o n ;
f r o n t a Is e c t i o na t t h e L e v eoI f t h e p o s t e r i o rp a r t s
o f t h e f r o n t a Ih o r n so f t h e [ a t e r a L
ventricLes.
V e n t n i a [ E s T o p *g ra p h y S e cti o n s $ p l n a Ie m r d
Fathlu'mys
Brain,frontal
Gyrusfrontalis
superior
Gyruscinguli
Gyrusfrontalismedius
Fornix,Corpus
Fissura longitudinaliscerebri
A pericallosa
Truncus
Corpuscallosum,
Nucleuscaudatus,
Capul
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornufrontale
Putamen
S e p t u mp e l l u c i d u m
Globuspalliduslateralis
Capsulainterna,Genu
Gyrus frontalisinlerior
(Recessus
triangularis)
Claustrum
Capsulaexterna
Cisterna
fossaelateralis
cerebri
Capsulaextrema
Gyrustemporalis
superiol
Laminaemedullares
medialis
et lateralis
Gyriinsulae
s edialis
G l o b u sp a l h d um
Fornix,Columna,
(Parslibera)
F o r n i xC, o l u m n a ,
(Parstecta)
anterior
Commissura
Cisterna
fossaelateralis
cerebri
Gyrustemporalis
medius
Nucleuscaudatus.
Cauda
Corpusamygdaloideum
Chlasma
opticum
Gyrustemporalis
inferior
Gyri occipitotemporales
Hypophysis
Gyrusparahippocampalis
Hypothalamus
posterior
A communicans
Becessus
infundibuli
Tractusopticus
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornutemporale
Laminaterminalis
Becessus
supraopticus
Fig.580 Brain,EncephaLon;
f r o n t a L s e c t i oant t h e L e v eoI f t h e i n t e r v e n t r i c u Lfaorr a m t n a
Gyrusfrontalis
superior
A pericallosa
Fissura longitudinaliscerebri
Truncus
Corpuscallosum,
Gyruscinguli
Septumpellucidum
Gyrusfrontalis
medius
Fornix,Corpus
Parscentralis
Ventriculus
lateralis.
Plexus choroideus
ventriculilateralis
Nucleuscaudatus,
Corpus
Tela choroidea
ventriculitertii
Striaterminalis
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculi
tertii
Putamen
Stria medullaristhalami
Gyrus f rontalisinferior
Capsulaextrema
Gyri nsulae
Ventriculus
tertius
Clauslrum
Capsulaexterna
Gyrustemporalis
superior
Laminaemedullares
medialis
et lateralis
Capsulainterna
Globuspalliduslateralis
s edialis
G l o b u sp a l l i d um
Gyrustemporalis
medius
Tractusopticus
Nucleuscaudatus,
Cauda
Corpusmamillare
Corpusamygdaloideum
A cerebriposterior,
Parsprecommunicalis
Gyrustemporalis
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornutemporale
inferior
Hippocampus
N oculomotorius
llll
Gyrus
occipitotemporalis
Pons
lnatamus
Gyrusoccipitotemporalis
medialis
Gyrusparahippocampalis
Cisternainterpeduncularis
(Cisterna
pontis)
pontocerebellaris,
Cisterna
Hypothalamus A basilaris
Fig.581 Brain,Encephaton;
f r o n t a L s e c t i oant t h e L e v e L ot hf e m a m i t L a r by o d i e s
Btoodvesse[s Cr aniatbase Cr aniaIner ves M e n i n g e s Par tsof the br ai n
Gvrusfrontalis
suoerior
Fissuralongitudinalis
cerebri
griseum,Striaelongitudinales
Indusium
medialis
et lateralis
Corouscallosum.
Truncus
Gvrusfrontalis
medius
Ventriculuslateralis,Parscentralis
Gyruscinguli
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculilateralis
Cisternaoericallosa
Nucleuscaudatus,
Corpus
V thalamostriata
superior
Striaterminalis
Tela choroidea
Lamina affixa
Thalamus
Fornix,Crus
Gvrusfrontalisinferior
V internacerebri
Plexuschoroideus
Striamedullaris
thalami
Putamen
Sulcuslateralis
Insula[Lobusinsularis]
Gyrustemporalis
superior
Claustrum
Gyrustemporalis
medius
Corpusgeniculatum
laterale
Nucleuscaudatus,
Cauda
Corpusgeniculatum
mediale
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornutemporale
Gyrustemporalisinterior
Nucleusruber
Gyrusoccipitotemporalis
lateralis
Gyrusoccipitotemporalis
medialis
Gyrusparahippocampalis
Ventriculus
tertius
Fig.582 Brain,Encepha[on;
f r o n t a ts e c t i o na t t h e l e v e Io f t h e c e n t r a Io a r t o f t h e t h i r d v e n t r i c t e .
R i g h ta n d l e f t t h a l a m u sa r e f r e q u e n t l yc o n n e c t e db y t h e
i n t e r t h a [ a m iac d h e s i o na t t h i s [ e v e [ .
Gyrusprecentralis
Capsulaextrema
Capsulaexterna
Capsulainterna
Sulcushypothalamicus
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculi
lateralis
Alveushippocampi
Fimbriahippocampi
Gyrusdentatus
A. cerebriposterior
Cisterna
ambiens
cerebellorubralis)
Tractuspyramidalis
Pons
Medullaoblongata
griseum,
Indusium
Striaelonoitudinales
medialis
et lateralis
Gyruscinguli
Truncus
Corouscallosum.
lateralis,Parscentralis
Cisterna
oericallosa
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculi
lateralis
Gyruspostcentralis
Fornix,Crus
Striaterminalis
V thalamostriata
superior
Lamina atfixa
Gyruspostcentralis
Telachoroidea
ventriculi
tertii
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculitertii
Nucleuscaudatus,
Corpus
Cisternafossae
lateraliscerebri
Capsulainterna
Thalamus
Capsulaenrema
Gyrustemporalissuperior
Tegmentum
mesencephali
Putamen
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculi
lateralis
Gyrustemporalis
medius
Alveushippocampi
Nucleuscaudatus,
Cauda
Fimbriahippocampi
Ventriculuslateralis,
Cornutemporale
Cisternaambiens
Gyrustemporalis
inferior
Gyrusoccipitotemporalis
lateralis
A. cerebrioosterior
Gyrusoccipitotemporalis
medialis
Gyrusparahippocampalis
Cerebellum
Ventriculustertius
Pedunculus
cerebellaris
medius
Aoueductus
mesenceohali
F i g . 5 8 3 B r a i n ,E n c e p h a l o n ;
frontaI sectionat the leveIof the oosteriorwa[[
of the third ventricte.
posterior
Funiculus
Ventric[es Topography Sections
S p i naIcor d
Pathways
Gyruspostcentralis
Fissuralongitudinalis
cerebri
A pericallosa
Lobulusoarietalisinferior
Gyruscinguli
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Parscentralis
Corpuscallosum,
Splenium
Cisternaoericallosa
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculilateralis
Gyrus
supramarginalis
A. cerebrimedia
Cisternafossae
lateraliscerebri
Nucleuscaudatus,
Cauda
Gyrustemporalis
superor
Pulvinar
thalami
Fornix,Crus
v thalamostriata
supenor
Capsulainterna
Tela choroidea
Fimbriahippocampi
Gyrustemporalis
medius
Cisternaambiens
Colliculus
superior
Gyrustemporalis
inferior
Gyrusparahippocampalis
Gyrusoccipitotemporalis
lateralis
Gyrusoccipitotemporalis
medialis
Hemisoherium
cerebelli
Colliculus
inferior
Flocculus
Vermiscerebelli
Fig.584 Brain,Encephalon;
f r o n t a Is e c t i o na t t h e l e v e Io f t h e p i n e a tg t a n d
a n d t h e f o u r t hv e n t r i c t e .
Lobulusparietalis
superior
R precunealis
Alveushippocampi
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculilateralis
Gyrusdentatus
Ventriculuslateralis,
Cornutemoorale
internacerebri
Glandula
pinealis
Pedunculus
cerebellaris
medius
Pedunculus
cerebellarissuperior
Velummedullare
suoerius
quanus
Substantiagrisea
Substantia
alba
Sulcussuboarietalis
Lobulusoarietalisinferior
Cisternaquadrigeminalis
Precuneus
Sulcusparietooccipitalis
Corpuscallosum,Tapetum
Gyrusangularis
Ventriculuslateralis,
Cornuoccipitale
Sulcustemporalis
supeflor
Calcaravis
A. occipitalismedialis
Gyrustemporalis
medius
Sulcuscalcarinus
V magnacerebri
Gyrustemporalisinferior
Gyrusoccipitotemporalis
lateralis
Vermiscerebelli
Gyrusoccipitotemporalis
medialis
Gyruslingualis
Nucleusdentatus
HemisDherium
cerebelli
Tonsilla
cerebelli
Fig.585 Brain,Encephalon;
f r o n t asI e c t i o n
a t t h el e v eoI f t h eo c c i o i t ahIo r n s
of the tateraIventricles.
Bl.ood
vessets Cr aniaIbase Cranialnerves M e n i n g e s Par tsof the br ai n
Fissuralongitudinalis
cerebri
Gyrusfrontalissuperior
Arachnoidea
matercranialis
Gyrusfrontalismedius
A. cerebrianterior,
R. frontalisDosteromedialis
Gyruscinguli
Gyrusprecentralis
Sulcuscentralis
A cerebrianterior,
A. pericallosa
Gyruspostcentralis
Gyrussupramarginalis
Sulcuslateralis,
Ramusposterior
A cerebrianterior,
R precunealis
A. occipitalis medialis, Rr. parietales
F i g . 5 8 6 B r a i n ,E n c e p h a l o n ;
h o r i z o n t asI e c t i o nj u s t a b o v et h e c o r p u sc a l t o s u m .
I n F i g . 5 7 8 - 5 9 8t,h e s u b a r a c h n o isdp a c ea p p e a r s
s o m e w h a te n t a r g e dp, a r t i c u t a r tiyn t h e r e g i o no f t h e
h e m i s p h e r i sc u t c i ,d u e t o t h e f a c t t h a t t h e s es p e c i m e n s
w e r e t a k e nf r o m e t d e r l vi n d i v i d u a t s .
Ventrictes Topography Sections S p inaIcor d
Pathways
Brain, horizontal section
Gyrusfrontalissuperior
Fissuralongitudinalis
cerebri
A. cerebrianterior,A. callosomarginalis
A. pericallosa
Sulcuscinguli
Corpuscallosum,Truncus
Gyruscinguli
Corpuscallosum,Forcepsminor
Nucleuscaudatus,
Caput
Ventriculuslateralis,Cornu
lrontale
Septumpellucidum,
Cavumseptipellucidi
Gyrusprecentralis
Caosulainterna
Sulcuscentralis
Ventriculuslateralis,
Parscentralis
Gyruspostc€ntralis
V lhalamostriata
supenor
Striaterminalis
Lobulusparietalis
inferior
Corpuscallosum,
Truncus
Laminaatfixa
Nucleuscaudatus,
Corpus
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculilateralis
Gyrusangularis
Corpuscallosum,
Forcepsmajor
Corpuscallosum,Tapetum
(Gyrioccipitales)
SulcussubDarietalis
Precuneus
Fissuralongitudinalis
cerebri
Sulcusparietooccipitalis
Fig.587 Brain,Encephalon;
horizontaIsectionat the leveIof
the centraIoart of the lateraIventrictes.
Btoodvessets Cr aniaIbase Cr aniaIner ves M e n i n g e s Par tsof the br ai n
Fissuralongitudinalis
cerebri
Gyruscinguli
Gyrusfrontalismedius
Aa. cerebri anteriores. Aa. oericallosae
griseum
Indusium
CorDus
callosum.
Genu
pericallosa
Cisterna
Ventriculuslateralis,Cornufrontale
Septumpellucidum
Ventriculuslateralis,
Parscentralis
Gyrusfrontalis
inferior
Plexuschoroideusventriculi
lateralis
Nucleuscaudatus.
Caout
Fornix,Columna
Striaterminalis
Gyrusprecentralis
V.thalamostriata
suDerior
Sulcuscentralis
Fornix,Corpus
Gyruspostcentralis
Capsulaextrema
lnsula[Lobusinsularis]
Capsula elderna
Claustrum
Capsulainterna
A. cerebrimedia,
Rr.terminales
Putamen
Thalamus
Tela choroidea
Cisternafossae
lateralis
cerebri
Fissuratransversa
cerebri
Gyrustemporalis
supeflor
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculilateralis
Nucleuscaudatus,
Cauda
Fornix,Crus
Corpuscallosum,
Splenium
Ventriculuslateralis,
Bulbuscornusoccioitalis
Sulcustemporalis
supenor
Corpuscallosum,Tapetum
Gyruscinguli
Sulcussuboarietalis
(Gyrioccipitales)
Precuneus
Sulcuslunatus
Fissuralongitudinalis
cerebri
F i g . 5 8 8 B r a i n ,E n c e p h a t o n ;
h o r i z o n t asI e c t i o na t t h e t e v e Io f t h e f l o o r o f
the centraIoart of the lateraIventric[es.
Sulcusparietooccipitalis
Ventrictes Topography Sections
S p inaIcor d
Polusfrontalis
Gyruscinguli
Gyrusfrontalisinferior
Pathways
Fissuralongitudinalis
cerebri
A cerebrianterior,A. Dericallosa
griseum
Indusium
Genu
Corpuscallosum,
Ventriculuslateralis,Cornufrontale
V anteriorseptipellucidi
Septumpellucidum
Fornix,Columna
Nucleuscaudatus,Caput
Capsulainterna,
Crusanterius
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculilateralis
V thalamostriata
suoerior
Gyrusfrontalisinferior
Caosulainterna.Genu
InsulalLobusinsularis]
Caosulae)drema
Cisternatossae
lateraliscerebri
Forameninterventriculare
Capsulaexterna
Claustrum
Capsulainterna,
Crusposterius
Putamen
Gyrustemporalis
supenor
Thalamus
tertius
Ventriculus
Recessussuprapinealis
V. internacerebri
Telachoroidea
ventriculitertii
Capsulainterna,
Radiatiooptica
Nucleuscaudatus,
Cauda
Fimbriahippocampi
Sulcustemporalis
supenor
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculilateralis
Fornix.Commissura
Gyrustemporalismedius
Ventriculuslateralis,
Cornuoccioitale
Gyruscinguli
Corpuscallosum,
Forcepsmajor
(Gyrioccipitales)
Calcar avis
Splenium
Corpuscallosum,
Sulcuslunatus
Polusoccipitalis
Sulcuscalcarinus
Fissuralongitudinalis
cerebri
F i g . 5 8 9 B r a i n ,E n c e p h a t o n ;
h o r i z o n t asl e c t i o na t t h e [ e v e [o f t h e u p p e rp a r t
of the third ventricte.
> Brain
Btoodvessets Cr aniaIbase Craniatnerves Menin ges Partsof the brain
horizontalsection
Fissuralongitudinalis
cerebri
Polusfrontalis
Gyruscinguli
A. cerebrianterior,A callosomarginalis
A. cerebrianterior,A. pericallosa
Cisternapericallosa
Corpuscallosum,Forcepsminor
Gyrusfrontalisinferior
Ventriculuslateralis.Cornufrontale
Fissuralongitudinalis
cerebri
Nucleuscaudatus,Caput
Corpuscallosum,
Rostrum
Cisternapericallosa
Capsulainterna,Crusanterius
'Areasubcallosa
Cisternafossaelateraliscerebri
Laminaterminalis
Commissuraanterior
Fornix.Columna
Insula[Lobusinsularis]
Capsulainterna,Genu
Laminaemedullares
medialiset lateralis
Ventriculustertius
Claustrum
Gyrustemporalissuperior
Adhesio interthalamica
Caosulaextrema
CaDsulaexterna
Putamen
Sulcustemporalis
superior
Globipallidi
medialiset lateralis
Capsulainterna,
Crusposterius
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Commissura
posterior
Gyrustemporalis
medius
Habenula
Cisternaambiens
Capsulainterna,
Radiatiooptica
Fimbriahippocampi
Nucleuscaudatus,
Cauda
Recessus
oinealis
Alveushippocampi
Glandula oinealis
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculilateralis
Gyrusparahippocampalis
Trigonumcollaterale
Ventriculus
lateralis,
Cornuoccipitale
Sulcuscollateralis
Calcaravis
lsthmusgyricinguli
A cerebrioosterior
Sulcuscalcarinus
V magnacerebri
Sulcuslunatus
Vermiscerebelli
Polusoccipitalis
F i g . 5 9 0 B r a i nE
, ncephaton;
horizonta
se
I c t i o tnh r o u g h
t h ec e n t r eo f t h et h i r d
v e n t r i c [aet t h el e v eoI f t h ei n t e r t h a [ a mai d
chesion.
Ventrictes T o p o g r a p h y Sections
S p i naIcor d
Pathways
cerebri
Fissuralongitudinalis
Gyruscinguli
Aa. cerebrianteriores,Aa pericallosae
Areasubcallosa
Cisterna
oericallosa
Gyrusparaterminalis
Caosulainterna,Crusanterius
Gvrusfrontalisinferior
Laminaterminalis
Nucleuscaudatus,
Caput
Commissuraanterior
Cisternafossaelateraliscerebri
Fornix,Columna
Putamen
Fasciculus
mamillothalamicus
Gyrustemporalissuperior
Claustrum
Sulcushypothalamicus
Sulcustemporalis
superior
Capsulainterna,
Crusposterius
Hypothalamus
Tegmentum
mesencephali
Gyrustemporalis
medius
Nucleusruber
Capsulainterna,
Radiatiooptica
Corporageniculata
lateraleet mediale
Fimbriahippocampi
Nucleuscaudatus,
Cauda
Alveushippocampi
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculilateralis
Gyrustemporalis
medius
Eminentia collateralis
Hippocampus
Ventriculuslateralis,
Cornutemporale
Cisternaambiens
Gyrusdentatus
Gyrusparahippocampalis
Sulcushippocampalis
Sulcuscollateralis
Gyruslingualis
F i g .5 9 1 B r a i n ,E n c e p h a l o n ;
horizontaIsectionthroughthe third ventric[eat the leveI
o f t h e o p e n i n go f t h e c e r e b r a aI q u e d u c t .
Btoodvessets Cr aniaIbase Cr aniaIner ves M e n i n g e s Par tsof the br ai n
Gyrusrectus
Gyriorbitales
A cerebrianterior
t"rna chiasmatica
I
I
A communicans
anterior
Laminaterminalis
A cerebrianterior
Becessussupraopticus
Recessus
intundibuli
Cisternafossaelateraliscerebri
A cerebri media
Ventriculus
tertius
Gyrusparahippocampalis
Tractusopticus
Gyrusoccipitotemporalis
Corpusmamillare
lateralis
Corpusamygdaloideum
A. communicansoosterior
(Gyrusambiens)
Pedunculus
cerebri,
Cruscerebri
Hypothalamus
Fossainterpeduncularis
Pes hippocampi
Cisterna
interpeduncularis
Hippocampus
Substantia
nigra
Ventriculuslateralis,
Cornutemporale
A. cerebriposterior
Nucleusruber
Eminentia collateralis
Cisterna
ambiens
Sulcushippocampalis
Tegmentum
mesencephali
Sulcuscollateralis
Hemisoherium
cerebelli
Tectummesencephali,
Colliculus
inferior
Aqueductusmesencephali
Frenulum
velimedullaris
suoerioris
Vermiscerebelli
Gyrusllngualis
longitudinalis
cerebri
F t g . 5 9 2 B r a i n ,E n c e p h a t o n ;
s t a g g e r e dh o r i z o n t asI e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e f l o o r o f t h e t h i r d
v e n t r i c l ea t t h e [ e v e [o f t h e m a m i l t a r vb o d i e s .
Vent ric t e s T o p o gra p h y Sections
S p i n a Ic o r d
Pathways
Brain, sagittalsections
Forameninterventriculare
Gyrusfrontalis
superior
Sulcuscinguli
Hypothalamus
Gyruscinguli
Corpuscallosum,
Truncus
Septumpellucidum
Corpuscallosum,
Genu
Glandula pinealis
Corpuscallosum,
Rostrum
Corpuscallosum,
Splenium
Gyrusparaterminalis
V magnacerebri
Sulcusoarietooccioitalis
Commissura
anterior
Laminaterminalis
A cerebrianterior
A, communicans
anterior
Tectum
Aqueductusmesencephali
Gyrusrectus
N opticusill
A carotisinterna
Sulcuscalcarinus
Hypophysis
Corpusmamillare
posterior
A communicans
Vermiscerebelli
A basilaris
Hemispherium
cerebelli
Pons
quartus
Ventriculus
Tegmentum
mesencephali
Fig.593 Brain,Encepha[on;
m e d i a ns e c t i o n .
quarti
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculi
Aoerturamedianaventriculiouarti
A vertebralis
Medulla oblongata
Ventriculus
lateralis.
Parscentralis
V thalamostriata
superior
Corouscallosum.
Truncus
Canaliscentralis
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculi
lateralis
Thalamus
Gyruscinguli
Nucleuscaudatus,
Caput
Sulcuscentralis
Capsulainterna
Tela choroidea ventriculi tertii
Fornix,Crus
Fornix,Commissura
Corpuscallosum,
Splenium
Corpuscallosum,
Genu
Sulcusparietooccipitalis
Commissura
anterior
N trochlearislvl
Corpuscallosum,
Rostrum
Gyrusparaterminalis
Bulbusolfactorius
A cerebrianterior
Gyrusrectus
A carotisinterna
N. opticusilll
N. oculomotorius
llll
Sulcuscalcarinus
Cisterna
ambiens
A cerebriposterior
A superiorcerebelli
A. basilaris
Pons
Pedunculus
cerebellaris
medius
N. abducens
[Vl]
N. hypoglossus
[Xll]
Fig.594 Brain,Encephalon;
s a g i t t a sI e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e t e f t
h e m i s p h e r ea t t h e L e v eo[ f t h e
h e a do f t h e c a u d a t en u c l e u s .
N vestibulocochlearis[Vlll]
A vertebralis
N. glossopharyngeus
lXl
N vagus[X]
Vermiscerebelli
quartus
Ventriculus
Hemisoherium
cerebelli
quarti
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculi
Aperturalateralisventriculiquarti
N facialis[Vll]
N accessorius
[Xl]
Brain
Cr aniaIbase Cr aniatner ves M e n i n g e s Par tsof the br ai n
BLoodvesse[s
Nucleuscaudatus,
Corpus
Caosulainterna.Crusanterius
Globusoalliduslateralis
lateralis,
Cornutemporale
Ventriculus
ventriculi
Plexuschoroideus
lateralis
Fornix,Crus
Hippocampus
Sulcuscalcarinus
Commissura
anterior
Globusoallidusmedialis
A carotisinterna
N oculomotorius
llll
Uncus
Gyrusparahippocampalis,
A cerebrimedia
A. communicans
oosterior
Pons
A cerebriposterior
Gyrusparahippocampalis
medius
Pedunculus
cerebellaris
Fig.595 Brain,Encephaton;
s a g i t t a sI e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e t e f t h e m i s p h e r e
a t t h e l e v e Io f t h e b o d vo f t h e c a u d a t en u c [ e u s
Globus Dalliduslateralis
Capsulainterna
Sulcuscentralis
Globus oallidus medialis
Cauda
Nucleuscaudatus,
Glomuschoroideum
Trigonumcollaterale
Putamen
Tapetum
Ventriculuslateralis
Cornuoccipitale
Insula[Lobus
insularisl
Commissura
anterior
A cerebrimedia
Cisternafossaelateraliscerebri
Corpusamygdaloideum
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculi
lateralis
Gyrusparahippocampalis
Hippocampus
Fimbria hippocampi
A. cerebriposterior
F i g . 5 9 5 B r a i n ,E n c e p h a t o n ;
s a g i t t a sI e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e L e f th e m i s p h e r e
body
at the [eve[of the amygdal.oid
Hemispheriumcerebelli
Ventric[es Topography Sections
S p i natcor d
Pathways
Brain, sagittaI sections
Sulcuscentralis
ventriculi
Plexuschoroideus
lateralis
collateralis
Eminentia
Insula[Lobusinsularisl
Claustrum
Cisternafossaelateraliscerebri
A cerebri media
Putamen
Ventriculuslateralis,CornutemDorale
Nucleuscaudatus,
Cauda
Hippocampus
Fig.597 Brain,Encephalon;
sagittal.sectionthroughthe teft hemisphere
a t t h e l e v e Io f t h e a p e xo f t h e t e m p o r a Ih o r n .
Sulcuscentralis
Cisternafossaelateraliscerebri
Insula[Lobusinsularisl
A. cerebri media
Hemisoherium
cerebelli
Fig.598 Brain,Encephalon;
t h et e f th e m i s p h e r e
s a g i t t aste c t i o tnh r o u g h
a t t h el e v eoI f t h ei n s u [ a .
Brain
B l o o dv e s s e t s
5itus
Craniab
I ase
C r a n i a In e r v e s M e n i n g e s
cord
Encephalon
Medulla oblongata
Ganglion
sensorium
nervi
spinalisll
Intumescentiacervicalis
Os occipitale
Nn thoracici,Radices oosteriores
Gangliasensorianeruorum
spinalium
cervicalium
Nn intercostales
Nn thoracici
Rr posteriores
M e d u l l as p i n a l i s
Rr cutaneilaterales
Conusmedullaris
Intumescentia
lumbosacralis
Gangliasensorianeryorum
s p i n a l i u lm
umbalium
Ben
Cauda equina
AIaossisilium
F i g . 5 9 9 B r a i n ,E n c e p h a [ o snp; i n a l c o r dM
, e d u t t as p i n a t i s ,
a n d s p i n a In e r v e s N
, n.spina[es;
b r a i na n d s p i n a Ln e r v e si n a n e o n a t e .
I n t h e n e o n a t et,h e s p i n a Ic o r de x t e n d st w o v e r t e b r a l .
s e g m e n t sf u r t h e rc a u d a t l yc o m p a r e dt o t h e a d u [ t .
Par tsof the br ai n
Ventricles T o p o g r a p h y S e c t i o n s
S p i naIcor d
Pathways
Seamentalstructureof the spinalcord
Segmenta ceruicalia[C1-C8]
Segmenta
thoracica
ff1-T12l
Radicesnervorum
thoracicorum
Segmenta lumbalia [11-15]
Segmenta sacralia [S l-S5]
Radicesnervorum
lumbalium
Segmenta coccygea [Co1-Co3]
Caudaequina
Radicesneruorum
sacralium
Radicesnervorum
coccygeorum
F i g .6 0 0 S p i n a Ic o r ds e g m e n t s S
, e g m e n t am e d u t l a es p i n a t i s ,
a n d s p i n a In e r v er o o t s ,R a d i c e sn e r v o r u ms p i n a t i u m ;
s c h e m a t i cm e d i a ns e c t i o n .
A s t h e s p i n a Ic o r dd o e sn o t f o t t o wt h e g r o w t ho f t h e v e r t e b r a cI o t u m n ,
t h e c o u r s eo f t h e s p i n a Ir o o t st o w a r d st h e i r c o r r e s p o n d i nsge g m e n t a L
i n t e r v e r t e b r af ol r a m i n ab e c o m e ss t e e p e rf r o m c r a n i a lt o c a u d a LI .n t h e
n e o n a t et,h e s p i n a lc o r de n d sa t t h e [ e v e [o f t h e s p i n o u sp r o c e s so f t h e
, h e r e a si n t h e a d u L ti,t e x t e n d sn o r m a t l yo n [ y
f o u r t h[ u m b a rv e r t e b r aw
t o t h e s e c o n d[ u m b a rv e r t e b r a .
Brain
glossopharyngeus
!Xl
N vagus[X]
B to o dvesse[s C r a n i a bI a s e
Pons
Fossarhomboidea
Medullaoblongata
Radixposterior
(c 1)
N hypoglossus
[Xll]
N.
hypoglossus
lxill
Arcusanterior
atlantis
2
Cr aniaIner ves M e n i n g e s Par tsof the br ai n
N accessorius[Xl]
pyramidum
Decussatio
Fissuramediana
anteflor
3
Nn cervicales
lc 1-c 8l
Sulcusanterolateralis
Gangliasensoria
nervorum
spinalium
5
6
7
Radixposterior
(c 8)
Arcusvertebrae
cervicalis
Vll
8
Radlxposterior
(r 1)
Arcusvertebrae
thoracicaeI
1
2
Duramater
spinalls
Costalll
Duramaterspinalis
Sulcus
posterolateralis
Nn. thoracici
lT 1-T 121
Duramater
spinalis
Sulcusmedianus
posterior
Radix
posterior
(r 12)
Arcusvertebrae
thoracicae
Xll
Intumescentia
lumbosacralis
Arcusvertebrae
lumbalisI
Radixposterior
( L1 )
Ganglion spinale
lumbales
lL 1-L sl
Conusmedullaris
Radicesposteriores
(L 1-5, S 1-5)
Caudaequina
Filumterminale
Gangliasensoria
nervorum
spinalium
(s 1-5)
Filumterminale,
Parsduralis
Os sacrum
Filumterminale,
Parsduralis
Nn. sacrales
ls 1-s 5l
Filumterminale,
Parsduralis
5
N coccygeus
Fig.602
Fig.603
Os coccygls
[Vertebrae coccygeae l-lV]
F i 9 . 6 0 1 S p i n a cI o r d ,M e d u t Lsap i n a L i s ,
a n d s p i n a ln e r v e s N
, n .s p i n a t e s ;
s i t u so f t h e s p i n a Ic o r d ;
dorsaIview.
A s s p i n a Ic o r ds e g m e n t sa r e n u m b e r e da c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s p i n a ln e r v e s a, n d t h e u p p e r m o s st p i n a Ln e r v e
i s c o u n t e da s t h e f i r s t c e r v i c a nL e r v e ,t h e r ea r e
a c t u a t t ye i g h tc e r v i c asLe g m e n t s .
F i g . 6 0 2 S p i n a Ic o r d ,M e d u t t as p i n a l i s ,
a n d s p i n a In e r v e s N
, n .s p i n a [ e s ;
t h e s p i n a Id u r a m a t e r h a s b e e no p e n e d ;
dorsaIview.
F i g .6 0 3 S p i n a lc o r d ,M e d u l t as p i n a [ i s ,
a n d s p i n a In e r v e s N
, n.spinales;
t h e s p i n a ld u r a m a t e r h a s b e e no p e n e d ;
v e n t r a Lv i e w
Ventric[es T o p o g ra p h y S e cti o n s SpinaIcord
Pathways
Fissuramedianaanterior
Sulcusmedianus
posterior
Fissuramediana
anterior
Duramater
spinalis
Nn lumbales
Lig denticulatum
Sulcus
posterolateralis
Conusmedullaris
Radixposterior,
Filaradicularia
Filumterminale
Duramater
spinalis
Arachnoidea
mater spinalis
Duramaterspinalis
Gangliasensoria
nervorum
spinalium
Caudaequina
Duramaterspinalis
coccygeus
F i 9 .6 0 4 S p i n a Ic o r d ,M e d u L Lsap i n a L i s ,
a n d s p i n a lm e n i n g e sM
, eninges pina[es;
dorsaIview.
Fig.605 SpinaLcorM
d ,e d u l . t a s p i n a I i s ;
c a u d a pL a r tw i t h t h e c a u d ae q u i n aC
, a u d ae q u i n a ;
ventraIview.
Duramaterspinalis
F i g . 6 0 6 a - c S p i n a In e r v er o o t s ,
N n . s p i n a t e sR
, adices;
typicaIcoursw
e i t h i nt h e s u b a r a c h n o isdp a c e .
a C e r v i c asLe g m e n t S
, e g m e n t u mc e r v i c a [ e
b T h o r a c i cs e g m e n t S
, e g m e n t u mt h o r a c i c u m
c L u m b a rs e g m e n t S
, e g m e n t u m[ u m b a t e
Duramater
spinalis
> Brain
Btoodvessels C r a n i a Ib a s e
Cr aniaIner ves M e n i n g e s P a r t so f t h e b r a i n
Arteriesof the spinalcord
A. basilaris
A vertebralis
Os occipitale
ATIAS
Rr spinales
A spinalisanterior
A. cervicalis ascendens
A vertebralis
Parsascendensaortae
R spinalis
posterior
intercostalis
A spinalisanterior
Arcusaortae
Parsdescendensaortae
N. spinalis,
Radixanterior
posteriores
Aa intercostales
Ganglion
sensorium
neruispinalis
Truncusnervispinalis
(A radicularis
magna)*
Caudaequina
F i g .6 0 7 A r t e r i e so f t h e s p i n a Ic o r d ,M e d u t t as p i n a [ i s .
* CtinicaI
term:arteryof ADA|,4KtEWtcZ
Aa. spinalesposteriores
A spinalisanterior
(A spinalislateralis)
F i g ,6 0 8 A r t e r i e so f t h e s p r n a cI o r d ,M e d u [ [ as p i n a I i s .
Ventric[es
T o p o g r a p h y S e c t i o n s S p i naIcor d
Pathways
Spinalcord,structure
posterior
Sulcusmedianus
Sulcusintermedius
Dosterior
Fasciculus
oracilis
)
posterior
. I Funiculus
Cunealus,/
/ FaSclCuluS
Radix posterior,Fila radicularia
Substantiagelatinosa
Substantia
oelatinosa
centralis
Columnaanterior,
Cornuanterius
Canaliscentralis
Fila radicularia
Funiculus
anterior
Commissura
alba
Fissuramedianaanterior
Sulcusmedianus
oosterior
posterior
Sulcusmedianus
Radixposterior
posterior
Funiculus
gelatinosa
Substantia
Columnaposterior,
Cornuposterius
Funiculus
lateralis
Columna
posterior,
Cornu
posterius
Substantia
gelatinosa
centralis
Columnaanterior,
Cornuanterius
Commissura
albaanterior
Fiss
t
medianal
anterior
b
Columnaposterior,
Cornuposterius
Substantiaalba
grisea
Substantia
Substantia
oelatinosa
centralis
Columnaanterior,
Cornuanterius
Canalis centralis
Fissura mediana anterior
F i g .6 0 9 a - d S p i n a tc o r d ,M e d u L t sap i n a t i s ;
c r o s s - s e c t i o n sm; y e L i ns t a i n ;a p p r o x 5
. 00%.
a C e r v i c apLa r t ,P a r sc e r v i c a t i s
b T h o r a c i cp a r t ,P a r st h o r a c r c a
c L u m b a rp a r t ,P a r s[ u m b a L i s
d S a c r a Ip a r t ,P a r ss a c r a u s
> Brain
B to o dvessets C r a n i a Ib a s e
C r a n i a In e r v e s M e n i n g e s
Functionalorganisation
of thespinalcord
Nucleusmarginalis
gelatinosa
Substantia
Columnaposterior,
Cornuposterius
Nucleusproprius
tl
ill
Nucleusthoracicus
oosterior
Columnaintermedia,
Cornulaterale
Nucleus
intermediolateralis
Columnaanterior,
Cornuanterius
Canaliscentralis
(Substantia
griseaintermedia
centralis)
F i g . 6 1 0 S p i n a cI o r d ,M e d u t t as p i n a t i s ;
[ a m i n a ro r g a n i s a t i oonf t h e g r e ym a t t e ra c c o r d i n gt o i t s
c y t o a r c h i t e c t u rI e
1 ,9 5 2 )e, x e m p t i fe d
a c c o r d i n tgo R E X E D
b y t h e t e n t ht h o r a c i cs e g m e n tl T 1 0 l .
F o r m a t i o na n d n u m b e ro f t h e [ a m i n a ev a r y i n d i f f e r e n t
s p i n a Ic o r ds e g m e n t s
\
Ganglion spirale
I
r
I
I
I
I
tQ2I
I I
L
l
I
\l
\l
1 = Skin
2 = Interneurons
3 = Motoneuron
of anteriorhorn
4 = Motorend-plate
5 = Musclespindle
F i g . 6 1 1 R e f t e x e as t t h e s p i n a Ic o r d ;
l e f t : m o n o s y n a p t irce fl e x I b i n e u r o n a p
e ,y o s t a t i ce, . g . ,
t ,r o p r i o c e p t i v m
p a t e L [ atre n d o nr e f t e xA
, c h i t l . etse n d o nr e f l e x ,e t c . l ;
r i g h t :p o t y s y n a p t ri ce f l e x( p o l y n e u r o n aet ., g . ,a b d o m i n arI e f l e x ,
cremastericreflex,ptantarreftex,etc.J.
Par tsof the br ai n
Ventric[es T o p o g r a p h y S e c t i o n s
SpinaIcord
Pathways
Functionalorganisation
of thespinalcord
Fasciculusgracilis***
Fasciculus
interfascicularis+
Fasciculus
cuneatus****
tl
posterior*
Tractusspinocerebellaris
I
Fasciculipropriiposteriores
,
,
,
r)Ar
\
\\
\\ll
l,
Tractus
corticospinalis
(pyramldalis)
lateralis
Tractus
rubrospinalis
Tractusspinocerebellaris
anlerior**
Tractusreticulospinalis
Tractusspinothalamicuslateralis
Tractusspinoolivaris
Tractusreticulospinalis;
Tractustectospinalis
Tractussoinothalamicus
anlerior:
TractussDinotectalis
Tractusvestibulosoinalis
medialis
Tractuscorticospinalis
(pyramidalis)
anterior
propriianteriores
Fasciculi
Fasciculuslongitudinalismedialis
F i g . 6 1 2 S p i n a Ic o r d ,M e d u l . tsap i n a t i s ;
s c h e m a t i co r g a n i s a t i oonf t h e w h i t e m a t t e re x e m p t i f i e d
b y a l o w e rc e r v i c asLe g m e n t
A f f e r e n t( = a s c e n d i n gpl a t h w a y si n b l u e ;
e f f e r e n t( = d e s c e n d i n gpl a t h w a y si n r e d .
*
Ctinicalterm
F L: E o H S |tG
r a' sc t
**
CtinicaI
term:GOWER's
tract
*** CtinicaI
term:GOLL's
tracr
**** CtinicaI
term:BURDACH's
tract
**x** TheactuaIexistence
of thesefibreshasnotdefinitety
oeen
documented
T h e r e g i o n s i n d i c a t e db y + , + + , a n d + + + d e s i g n a t ed e s c e n d i n g
c o t l a t e r a Lt r a c t s o f t h e p o s t e r i o r f a s c i c u t i .
+ SCHULTZ
sE
commatract lcervicaL
partl
++ FLEOHSIG
o 'vsa Ib u n d t e( t h o r a c i cp a r t )
+ + + T r i a n g t eo f P H I L I P P E - G O N 4 B[ A
[ uUmLbTa ra n d s a c r a tp a r t s )
Brain
B to o dvessets C r a n i a bI a s e Cr anial.
ner ves M e n i n g e s Par tsof the br ai n
of the
Gyruspostcentralis
Gyruspostcentralis
Fibrae thalamoparietales
Fibrae thalamoparietales
Lemniscus medialis
Thalamus
N trigeminus
[V]
Nuclei nervi trigemini
Decussatio
lemniscorum
Nucleusgracilis
Fasciculusgracilis
Nucleuscuneatus
-
Tractusspinothalamicus
lateralis
Tractusspinothalamicus
anterior (Fasciculus
Tractusspinoreticularis
anterolateralis)
Tractusspinotectalis
Tractusspinoolivaris
Fasciculuscuneatus
N spinalis
Ganglion
sensorium
nervispinalis
Nucleuscentralis
F i g .6 1 3 P a t h w a y sf o r e p i c r i t i cI b t u e )a n d p r o t o p a t h i Icg r e e n )s e n s i b i t i t y .
Ascendingpathways
Pathwayfor epicriticsensibitityltactitepathwayl
d i f f e r e n t i a t i o nf p r e s s u r a
e n dt o u c h )
lPrecise
1 . n e u r o nI u n c r o s s e d ]
F r o mr e c e p t o rI se x t e r o c e p t oi rnst h
] es k i na n dt h e m u c o s aa, s w e LaLs t h e p e r i o s t e u m
t h,ej o i n t sa n dt h e m u s c L e
s p i n d l eest c , t o t h ec u n e a t ae n dg r a c i Lneu c L e ui n
s t h e m e d u L Loab L o n g a t a : g r a ac n
i tdec u n e a t fea s c i c u L Iupse r i k a r y a
i n t h es p i n agLa n g L i ad)e: s c e n d i ncgo l L a t e r a( Ls se eF i g .6 1 2 )
2 n e u r o n[ c r o s s e d ]
F r o mt h e m e d u t l a
o b [ o n g a t(ac u n e a taen dg r a c i Lneu c l e u st o
l t h et h a t a m u Ism e d i a L l e m n i s cpuesr,i k a r yian t h e
c u n e a t ae n dg r a c i Lneu c L e u s ]
3 n e u r o nI u n c r o s s eFdr] o mt h et h a l a m u tso t h ec e r e b r a L c o r t pe ax r, t i c u t a rtloyt h e p o s t c e n t r a L g y(rtuhsa L a m o c o r t i c a L
f i b r e sp, e r i k a r yian t h et h a L a m u s l
Pathwayfor protopathicsensibititylpain pathwayf
IP a i n t, e mp e r a t ur e ,g e n e r apI r e s s u r se e n s a t i o n )
1 n e u r o nI u n c r o s s e d ]
F r o mr e c e p t o rIse x t e r o c e p t o o
r sf ]t h e s k i na n dt h e m u c o s ae t c , ,t o t h e p o s t e r i ohr o r n ,L a m i n ale- V I p e r i k a r yian t h e
spinaLgangLia)
2 n e u r o n[ c r o s s e ds,o m ef i b r e sp o s s i b Luyn c r o s s e d ]
F r o mt h e p o s t e r i ohro r nt o t h et h a L a m uisn,t h e r e t i c u L a
f or r m a t i oann dt o t h e m i d b r a i tne c t u mI a n t e r i oarn d[ a t e r a L
spinothaLam
t riacc t ss, p i n o r e t i c u t a
r ar c t ,s p i n o t e c t a l t r apc et ;r i k a r yian t h e p o s t e r i ocro l u m n l
3 n e u r o nI u n c r o s s e d l
F r o m t h e t h a L a m u sa m o n g o t h e r st o t h e c e r e b r a L c o r t e px a
, r t i c u L a r tLoyt h e p o s t c e n t r a L g y r u[ tsh a L a m o c o r t i cf a
i bI r e s ,
p e r i k a r y ai n t h e t h a L a m u s )
Vent ric t e s T o p o g ra p h y S e c t i o n s
Spinalcord
Pathways
Pathways
Pedunculus
cerebellaris
suDerior
Vermis cerebelli
inferior
Pedunculus
cerebellaris
posterior
Tractusspinocerebellaris
Nucleusthoracicus
posterior
Cornuanterius
Tractussoinocerebellaris
anterior
Tractusspinoolivaris
N spinalis
F i g . 6 1 1 P a t h w a y sf o r u n c o n s c i o udse e ps e n s i b i L i t y .
Ascendingpathways
Pathwayfor unconscious
deepsensibitity
e r m o v e m e nct o o r d i n a t i obny t h e c e r e b e t t u m ]
I U n c o n s c i o ubsu, t p r e c i s es p a t i adLi f f e r e n t i a t i oa ns a p r e r e q u i s i ft o
V i at h e a n t e r i o rc e r e b e t l atr a c t
'1
n e u r o nI u n c r o s s e d ]
F r o mr e c e p t o r{sp r o p r i o c e p t o irns m
l u s c L e st e, n d o n sa, n dt h e c o n n e c t i vtei s s u et o t h e n u c L eoi f t h e i n t e r m e d i a tzeo n e
a n dt h ea n t e r i ocr o [ u m nI p e r i k a r yi n
a t h es p i n agLa n g t i a )
2 n e u r o nI c r o s s e d ]
F r o mt h e a n t e r i o h
r o r nw i t h i nt h e a n t e r i o sr p i n o c e r e b e [ [t a
i at h e
a c tt o t h e c e r e b e | ' L uvm
r ar c to f t h e a n t e r o [ a t e rtar L
s u p e r i ocr e r e b e L Lpaerd u n c L( pe e r i k a r yi na t h ei n t e r m e d i azt eo n ea n dt h ea n t e r i ohr o r n J .
V i at h e p o s t e r i ocr e r e b e t t at r a c t
1 n e u r o nI u n c r o s s e d ]
F r o me n do r g a n s{ p r o p r i o c e p t o irns m
l u s c L e st e, n d o n sa, n dt h e c o n n e c t i vtei s s u et o t h e n u c t eoi f t h e p o s t e r i ocr o L u m n
a n dt h et h o r a c i nc u c L e uI sp e r i k a r yi n
a t h es p i n agLa n g t i a )
2 . n e u r o nI u n c r o s s e d ]
F r o mt h e p o s t e r i ohr o r na n dt h e t h o r a c i cn u c L e uws i t h i nt h e p o s t e r i osr p i n o c e r e b e t ltar ar c to f t h e [ a t e r atIr a c tt o
t h ec e r e b e t l uvmi at h o i n f o r i nnr a n a h o l l ^r r^ d u n c [ (ep e r i k a r yi nat h et h o r a c i nc u c t e uas n da t t h e b a s eo f t h e p o s t e r i o r
c o Lm
u nl
Bl.oodvesseIs
Craniab
I ase
Cr aniaIner ves M e n i n g e s Par tsof the br ai n
Gyrusprecentralis
Fibrae corticospinales
Thalamus
Corpus striatum
(Tractusrubrothalamicus)
Thalamus
Nucleusruber
(Tractus
cerebellorubralis)
Substantia
nigra
Nucleusdentatus
Cerebellum,
Nucleipontis
Fibrae oontocerebellares
Tractusbulboreticulosoinalis
etc
-
Tractusrubrospinalis
Tractusreticulospinalis
Tractusvestibulospinalis
Tractustectospinalis
Cornuanterius
Radixanterior
Imotoria]
N spinalis
Fig. 615 Pathwaysof the motor system.
* Moton
r u c t eoi f c r a n i anI e r v e s
pathways
Descending
T h em o t o rs y s t e mc o m p r i s eas L a r g n
eu m b e o
r g i o nas n dt r a c t sT. h e" m o t o rf i n a L p a t ha"r et h e m o t o n e u r o n s
r f n u c L e ar e
D e s p i tteh ee x t r a o r d i n acroym p t e x iot yf t h e s ec i r c u i t st h, et r a d i t i o n a L o r g a n i s a
wtiiLob
lne m a i n t a i n ef o
d r d i d a c t irce a s o n s
I S o - c a t l e dPly r a m i d at rI a c t
1 [ c e n t r a Ln]e u r o nl c r o s s e d )
F r o mt h e c e r e b r acLo r t e xt h r o u g ht h e i n t e r n acLa p s u Laen dt h e c e r e b r apI e d u n c l etso i n t e r n e u r o nwsi t h i nt h e a n t e r i o r
a n dp o s t e r i ocro I u m n{ [ a t e r a L c o r t i c o s p i n a Lat n
r aI c t ,p e r i k a r yian t h e p r e c e n t r a L g y r u s ) .
r at ec rt ,i ocr o r t i c o s p i nt a
B r a n c h i nogf fo f f i b r e st o t h e n u c l eoi f t h ec r a n i a L n e r vIecso r t i c o n u c Lfei barre sa n db u L b acro r t i c o n u c t ef iabrr e s J .
2 [ p e r i p h e r anLel u r o nI m o t o re n dp a t h w a ya,- m o t o n e u r o n s ]
F r o mt h e a n t e r i o rh o r nt o t h e m o t o re n dp t a t e so f t h e s k e t e t am
I u s c u t a t u rIem o t o n e u r o npse, r i k a r y ian t h e a n t e r i o r
nornJ
aL
o t o rs y s t e m
I S o - c a t l e dEJx t r a p y r a m i dm
1 c e n t r a nL e u r o n s[ c r o s s e a
d n du n c r o s s e d ]
F r o mt h e c e r e b r acI o r t e xp, a r t i c u L a rtlhye p r e c e n t r agLy r u sa n dt h e a d j a c e nct o r t i c aaLr e a si n c L u d i nsgy n a p s etso t h e
b a s a L g a n g Itihaa, L a m ussu, b t h a [ a mni cu c t e u sr e
, dn u c l e u ss,u b s t a n t inai g r ac, e r e b e [ L uemt c, .a n df e e d b a cLko o ptso
t h ei n t e r n e u r o n
o sf t h ea n t e r i ocr o L u m lnr u b r o s p i n a L t r amcet ,d i aaLn dL a i e r av Le s t i b u t o s p i n a L t r ae ct itc, u L o s p itnr a L
ct,
t e c t o s p i ntar L
act).
2 . p e r i p h e r anIe u r o n{ m o t o re n dp a t h w a ya,- m o t o n e u r o n s ]
F r o mt h e a n t e r i o rh o r nt o t h e m o t o re n d - p L a t eosf t h e s k e t e t am
I u s c L e(sm o t o n e u r o npse; r i k a r y ian t h e a n t e r i o rh o r n ]
Vent ric t e s T o p o g r a p h y S e c t i o n s
S p inaIcor d
Pathways
F i g , 6 1 6 D y s f u n c t i o n a I c u t a n e o u s i n n e r vdaut e
i oton paLsyof
c e r t a i n f, r e q u e n t [ ya f f e c t e ds p i n a In e r v e s
Fig. 617 Compteteparaplegiaat the leveIof the eleventh
t h o r a c i cs e g m e n t
P a r a L y s iosf t h e c o m p L e t m
e o t o rand sensorysystem.
F i g .5 1 8 P a r a l y s i o
s f t h e t r a c t so f t h e r i g h t p o s t e r i o fr u n i c u t u s
a t t h e L e v eol f t h e e l e v e n t ht h o r a c i cs e g m e n t .
L o s so f f i n e t a c t i t es e n s a t i o na s w e t Ia s [ o s so f s e n s eo f p o s i t i o n
a n d v i b r a t i o nI r o u g ht o u c hs e n s a t i o nr e m a i n sf u n c t i o n a t ] .
e tj o d i s r u p t i o no f
F i g .6 1 9 H e m i p L e g iIaB R o W N - S E Q U AdRu D
t h e h a L fo f t h e s p i n a Ic o r do n t h e r i g h t s i d ea t t h e l e v e Io f t h e
e L e v e n tthh o r a c i cs e g m e n t .
0 n t h e r i g h t s i d e I i p s i L a t e r a t t [yo) s: so f m o t o rf u n c t i o nI i n i t i a l . t y
f t a c c i dL
, a t e rs p a s t i c l [; o s so f f i n e t a c t i t es e n s a t i o na s w e I La s
[ o s so f s e n s eo f p o s i t i o na n d v i b r a t i o nI r o u g ht o u c hs e n s a t i o n
r e m a i n sf u n c t i o n a U .
0 n t h e L e f ts i d eI c o n t r a L a t e r a t t[yo)s: so f p a i na n d t e m p e r a t u r e
s e n s a t rno.
Lac r i m aIappar atus
Eyelids
(Sulcuspalpebralis
superio0
Angulusoculilateralis
Supercilium
(Raphepalpebralis
lateralis)
Tunica
conjunctiva
bulbi
Angulusoculi
lateralis;
Commissura
lateralis
palpeDrarum
Caruncula
lacrimalis
Rima
parpeorarum
Angulusoculi
medialis
Citiae
Palpebra
inferior
(Sulcuspalpebronasalis)
Angulus
oculimedialis;
Commissura
medialis
Sulcussclerae
Pupilla
Palpebra
inferior
Limbusposteriorpalpebrae
Limbusanterior
Fig.620 Eyetids,Palpebrae.
(inferior)
Papillalacrimalis
Fig.621 Eye,Ocutus,
andeyel.ids,
Palpebrae.
Limbusanteriorpalpebrae
Sulcussclerae
Plicasemilunaris
conjunctivae
Papilla lacrimalis
(superior)
Tunicaconjunctiva
palpebrarum
palpebrae
Limbusposterior
Punctum lacrimale:Paoilla
lacrimalis (superior)
Caruncula
lacrimalis
Tunicaconjunctiva
bulbi
Fornixconjunctivae
inferior
Tunicaconjunctiva
parpeorarum
Plica
semilunaris
conjunctivae
Limbusposterior
palpebrae
Limbusanterior
palpebrae
Plicasemilunaris
coniunctivae
Punctumlacrimale
(inferioo
Papillalacrimalis
Caruncula
lacrimalis
F i g . 6 2 2 E y e , O c u l u sa,n d e y e l i d sP
, alpebrae.
Lacuslacrimalis
Punctumlacrimale;
(inferior)
Papillalacrimalis
F i g . 6 2 3 E y e , O c u [ u sa,n d e y e t i d sP, a t p e b r a e .
E v e r s i o no f t h e u p p e re y e t i d( e x t r o p i o n i s a t i oi ns Jh i n d e r e d
b y t h e s t i f f n e s so f t h e t a r s u s ,b u t c a n b e f a c i t i t a t e w
d ith
t h e a i d o f a s m a t lh o o k .
Mu s c t e os f t h e e y e
Eyebatl.
pathway
CIptie
lvlargo
supraorbitalis
TopnEr aphy
Foramen
supraorbitale*
Incisura
frontalis*
Os sphenoidale,Ala minor
Faciesorbitalis
Os frontale.Parsorbitalis.
Fovea trochlearis
Canalis opticus
Fossaglandulae
lacrimalis
Foramen ethmoidaleposterius
Os frontale,Proc zygomaticus
Foramen ethmoidaleanterius
Os sphenoidale,
Alamajor,Faciesorbitalis
Margo medialis
Os lacrimale
Margolateralis
Sulcus Iacrimalis
Os zygomaticum,
Proc frontalis
Crista lacrimalisanterior
Fissuraorbitalis
superior
Fossa sacci lacrimalis
Crista lacrimalisposterior
Os zygomaticum,
Faciesorbitalis
Maxilla,Proc frontalis
Foramenzygomaticofaciale
Incisuralacrimalis
Fissuraorbitalis
inferior
Os ethmoidale,Lamina orbitalis
Os palatinum,Proc orbitalis
Sulcusinfraorbitalis
; Canalisinfraorbitalis
Forameninfraorbitale
Margo infraorbitalis
Maxilla,Facies orbitalis
F i g . 6 2 1 0 r b i t ,0 r b i t a ;
o b L i q u vei e wf r o m [ a t e r a t .
+ Thesestructures
as
canbepresent
f o r a m i noar n o t c h e s .
Foramina ethmoidalia
anterius et posterius
Os ethmoidale,Lamina orbitalis
Fissuraorbitalis
superior
Canalisopticus
Os sphenoidale,
Ala minor
l/argo lateralis
Os nasale
Os lacrimale
Os sphenoidale,
Ala major
Maxilla,
Proc frontalis
Canalis
nasolacrimalis
Fissuraorbitalis
inferior
Facies )
orbitalis I
I vaxitta
CorpusI
pterygopalatina
Foramen zygomaticoorbitale
':
Fissuraorbitalis
superior
Os zygomaticum,
Faciesorbitalis
Alamaior
' )
I Os sphenoidale
Corpus J
maxillae /
Fissuraorbitalisinferior
Os sphenoidale,
Proc
pterygoideus
Fissurapterygomaxillaris
Sinusmaxillaris
os patatin
um f orutt"'"ti""'
I Proc.orbitalis
Fig.625 MediatwatL
P ,a r i e sm e d i a t i s ,
nf tho
nrhi+
flrhi+r.
lateraIview.
Maxilla,Faciesorbitalis
Sinusmaxillaris
Canalisinfraorbitalis
Fig.626 LateraIwa[t, Paries[atera[is,
o f t h e o r b i t ,0 r b i t a ;
m e d i a Iv i e w
: r] r r r . , , , , ,
,.i t:ri.r.
t',r,ra,.,.r
.rrrr.rrr,.
t Eye
a
5urface
appar atus
S k e l e t o n Eyetids Lac r i m aI
Eyelids
M occioitofrontalis.
Venterfrontalis
M procerus
lvl depressor
supercilii
M, corrugator
supercilii
Os nasale
M orbicularis
oculi,
Parspalpebralis
Lig palpebrale
mediale
M orbicularis
oculi,
Parsorbitalis
L4 levator
labiisuperioris
alaequenasl
l\il levator
labiisuperioris
ataequenasl
M orbicularis
oculi,
Parsorbitalis
M. nasalis
lvl.levator
labiisuperioris
M levator
labiisuperioris
M. zygomaticus
malor
M zygomaticus
mtnor
M zygomaticus
mtnor
M, zygomaticus
maJor
M levator anguli oris
M orbicularis
oris,Parsmarginalis
Fig.62l
T ,1a , c ,d ,e
) 119,120
lvl deDressor seDti nasi
M levatorangulioris
Faciam
I u s c l e s ,M m . f a c i e i .
M levatorpalpebrae
superioris
Fornix
conjunctivae
supeflor
lvl obliquus
superior,
Tendo
Corpusadiposum
orbitae
Glandula
lacrimaiis,
Parsorbitalis
Lig palpebralemediale
Tarsussuperior
Saccus lacrimalis
(Raphe palpebralis
lateralis);Lig
palpebralelaterale
Lig palpebralemediale
Rimapalpebrarum
Fornixconjunctivae
inferior
Tarsusinferior
lV1obliquus inferior
F i g . 6 2 8 0 r b i t a Lo p e n i n gA, d i t u so r b i t a L i sw, i t h e y e l . i d s ,
Patoebrae.
M u s c l e so f t h e e y e
Eyebatt
0 p ti cp a th way Topography
Eyelids,
structure
l/ orbicularis
oculi,
Parspalpebralis
Tunicaconjunctivapalpebrarum
Tarsussuperior
Glandulaetarsales*
+
Facies anterior +
Facies posterior palpebrae
ParPEerdv
Limbusposterior
palpebrae
M. orbicularis
oculi,
Parspalpebralis
Limbusanteriorpalpebrae
F i g . 6 2 9 U p p e re y e t i d P
, a t p e b r as u p e r i o r ;
photograph
o f a m i c r o s c o p iscp e c i m e n ;
a z a ns t a r n ;
s a g i t t a sI e c t i o n m
, agnified.
* C t i n i c at eI r m :M E l B 0 M igatna n d s
Tarsussuperior
Glandulaetarsales
Angulusoculilateralis
Angulusoculimedialis
medialis
Commissura
palpebrarum
Commissura
lateralis
palpebrarum
Rimapalpebrarum
Glandulae
tarsales
Tarsusinferior
F i g . 6 3 0 E y e l ' i d sP, a t p e b r a e ;
t r a n s t u c e nst p e c i m e ni l t u s t r a t i n g
t h e e x c r e t o r yd u c t u l e s
o f t h e t a r s a Ig L a n d s ;
oosteriorview.
r Eye
Sketeton Eyetids Lacrimalapparatus
Surface
Lacrimalapparatus
Septumorbitale
M levator palpebrae
superioris,Tendo
Tarsussuperior
Lig. palpebralemediale
Ductuliexcretorii
Maxilla,Proc frontalis
Septumorbitale
Tarsusinferior
F i g .6 3 1 0 r b i t a Io p e n i n gA
, d i t u so r b i t a t i sw
, itheyel.ids,
P a l p e b r a ea, n d [ a c r i m a tg [ a n d ,G t a n d u [ a[ a c r i m a [ i s .
N lacrimalis
A. lacrimalis
Glandula
lacrimalis.
Parsorbitalis
R. communicans
cum nervozygomatico
Suturasphenozygomatica
Palpebra
superior
M. rectuslateralis
N. opticuslll
Palpebrainterior
R. communicans
cum nervozygomatico
Foramenzygomaticoorbitale
Fig.632 Innervationof the lacrimat gLand,
G t a n d u [ a[ a c r i m a t i s ;
mediaIview.
M u s c l e so f t h e e y e
E ye b a tt 0 p ti cp a th way Topogr aphy
Lacrimalapparatus
Fornixconiunctivae
suoerior
Papilla lacrimalis:Punctum lacrimale
Plica semilunarisconiunctivae
lacrimalis
Canaliculus
suoerior
Glandulalacrimalis,
Ductuliexcretorii
M orbicularis
oculi
Fornix sacci lacrimalis
lacrimalis
Caruncula
Saccuslacrimalis
lacrimalis
inferior
Canaliculus
Papillalacrimalis;
Punctumlacrimale
Conchanasalismedia
Ductusnasolacrimalis
Fornix conjunctivaeinferior
Plicalacrimalis
Meatusnasiinferior
Conchanasalisinferior
N. infraorbitalis
Sinusmaxillaris,
Tunicamucosa
F i g .6 3 3 L a c r i m a Ia p p a r a t u sA, p p a r a t u s[ a c r i m a t i s ;
t h e e y e l i d sh a v eb e e np u t l e da w a yf r o m t h e e y e b a L t ;
t h e n a s o l a c r i m adI u c t h a s b e e no p e n e du p t o t h e i n f e r i o rn a s a Im e a t u s .
Canaliculus
lacrimalis
superior
Papilla lacrimalis;
Punctum lacrimale
Caruncula
lacrimalis
Canaliculus
lacrimalis
superior
Ampulla canaliculilacrimalis
Saccus lacrimalis
lacrimalis
Caruncula
Fornix
saccl
lacrimalis
Lig.
palpebrale
mediale
Saccus
lacrimalis
Maxilla,
Proc
trontalis
M orbicularis
oculi
Papilla lacrimalis;
Punctum lacrimale
Canaliculus
lacrimalis
inferior
Ductus
nasolacrimalis
l\4 obliquusinlerior
F i g . 6 3 4 L a c r i m a Ia p p a r a t u sA, p p a r a t u s[ a c r i m a I i s .
M orbicularis
oculi /
Canaliculus
lacrimalis
inferior
M obliquus interior
Sinusmaxillaris
Maxilla,Proc
frontalis
Ductusnasolacrimalis
F i g .6 3 5 L a c r i m a Ia p p a r a t u sA, p p a r a t u sL a c r i m a t i s ;
the nasoLacrima
d Iu c t a n d t h e n a s o l a c r i m acIa n a I
h a v eb e e no p e n e d .
Surface
appar atus
Skeleton Eyel.ids l - ac r i m aI
M obliquus
Trochlea
superior,
M rectusmedialis
M obliquusinferior
M rectusinlerior
l\4 rectussuperior
M obliquus
superior
M. levatorpalpebrae
superioris
M rectuslateralis
Anulustendineus
communis
F i g .6 3 6 E x t r a - o c u l m
a ru s c t e sM, m .e x t e r nbi u t b i ;
scnema;
supeflorvrew.
M orbitalis
M levatorpalpebraesuperioris
Os frontale
M obliquus
superior
Fissuraorbitalissuperior
N opticuslll
Lacertusmusculirectilateralis
M rectusmedialis
Os sphenoidale,Ala major
Cellulaeethmoidales
M rectuslateralis
N oculomotorius
llll, R inferior
N opticuslll, Vaginaexterna
M rectusinferior
Periorbita
N infraorbitalis
F i g . 6 3 7 E x t r a - o c u [ am
r u s c t e sM
, m e x t e r n ib u l b i ;
a n t e r i o rv i e w .
Musclesof the eye
Extra-ocularmuscles
M rectusmedialis
M rectuslateralis
M. obliquusinferior
Tunicaconjunctiva
bulbi
M rectusinferior
F i g .6 3 8 E x t r a - o c u l am
r usclesM
, m . e x t e r n ib u [ b i .
M. rectussuperior
M obliquus
superior,
Tendo
N opticusilll
M. rectuslateralis
M rectusmedialis
M. obliquusinlerior
F i g .6 3 9 E x t r a - o c u [m
a ru s c t e sM, m .e x t e r nbi u t b i ;
oosterior
view.
M rectussuperior
M obliquus
superior,
Tendo
M rectuslateralis
M obliquusinferior
M. rectusinferior
N opticuslll
F i g .6 4 0 E x t r a - o c u tm
a ru s c l e sM, m .e x t e r nbi u t b i ;
p o s t e r i o r - s u p e rviioerw .
Sur face
Sketeton EyeLids Lac r i m atappar atus
Extra-ocular
muscles
M levatorpalpebrae
superioris
M rectussuperior
Periorbita
M. rectuslateralis
N. opticusilll
Os sphenoidale,
Ala major
M rectusinferior
M obliquusinferior
Fossainfratemooralis
Fissuraorbitalisinferior
Sinusmaxillaris
F i g . 6 1 1 E x t r a - o c u lm
a ru s c t e sM, m .e x t e r nbi u l b i ;
[ateraIview.
M rectussuoerior.
Tendo
Margosupraorbitalis
M levatorpalpebrae
superioris
Os frontale,Proc zygomaticus
M obliquus
superior,
Tendo
lacrimalis,
Glandula
Parsorbitalis
Tendo
M. rectusmedialis,
M rectuslateralis,Tendo
Tunicaconjunctiva
bulbi
Margo lateralis
Margomedialis
M obliquus inlerior,Tendo
M obliquusinferior
Os zygomaticum
Margoinfraorbitalis
Forameninfraorbitale
F i g , 6 1 1 2 E x t r a - o c u [ am
r u s c L e sM, m e x t e r n ib u I b i ;
o b t i o u ev i e wf r o m a n t e r i o r .
muscles
Extra-ocular
M obliquussuperior,
Trochlea
M obliquus
supenor,
Tendo
Bulbusoculi
M. levator
palpebrae
supenons
M levator
parpe0rae
supenofls
M obliquus
supeflor,
Tendo
Glandula
lacrimalis,
Parsorbitalis
Os sphenoidale,
Ala major
Corpus
adrposum
orbitae
M rectusmedialis
M obliquus
supenor
M. rectuslateralis
M rectus
lateralis
M rectus
supenor
M. rectussuperior
lvl obliquus
superior
M levatorpalpebrae
superioris
Chiasmaopticum
N. opticusilll
F i g ,6 4 3 E x t r a - o c u Lmaur s c t e sM, m .e x t e r nbi u L b i ;
s u D e f l ovrt e w .
Lobusfrontalis,
Gyriorbitales
l\il.levatorpalpebraesuperioris
M rectussuperior
Pariessuperior
M obliquus
superior
Pariesmedialis
N opticusilll
Parieslateralis
M rectuslateralis
Cellulaeethmoidales
M rectusmedialis
Pariesinferior
M rectusinferior
Sinusmaxillaris
Cavitasnasi
F i g . 6 1 1 E x t r a - o c u t am
r usclesM
, m . e x t e r n ib u t b i ;
m a g n e t i cr e s o n a n cteo m o g r a p h ii cm a g e( M R l ) ;
f r o n t a Is e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e m i d d L eo f t h e o r b i t ;
a n t e r i o rv i e w
Lens
Bulbusoculi,Corpusvitreum
Pariesmedialis
Cellulaeethmoidales
M rectuslateralis
N opticusilll
M. rectusmedialis
Parieslateralis
Canalisopticus
Lobustemporalis
F i g . 6 4 5 E y e b a l .Bt ,u l b u so c u L ia, n d e x t r a - o c u t am
, m . e x t e r n ib u t b i .
r u s c t e sM
m a g n e t i cr e s o n a n cteo m o g r a p h ii cm a g eI M R l l ;
h o r i z o n t asI e c t i o na t t h e l e v e Io f t h e o p t i cn e r v e :
s u p e f l o rv r e w .
Lac r i m aIappar atus
Eyeball,structure
Axlsexternusbulbi
Vertexcorneae:Polusanteriorbulbi
Polusanteriorlentis
Laminalimitansanterior'
**
LaminalimitansDosterior
'''t,
,'rbu"
"orn"u"
Angulus
iridocornealis
Sinusvenosussclerae***
Epithelium
anterius
Cameraanteriorbulbi
Faciesanterior
rri"I
[Facies posterior\
Cornea
Reticulum
trabeculare
Tunicaconjunctiva
Tunicaconjunctiva
bulbi
Fibraecircularesl
Cameraposterior
bulbi
.
ciliaris
Fibrae
lM
meridionales
,/
Pars ciliaris
retinae
Orbiculus
ciliaris
Polus'Dosterior
lentis
Ura serrala
Parsopticaretinae
Camerapostremalvitrea]bulbi;
Corpusvitreum
Choroidea
Spatiumperichoroideum
Excavatio disci
Lamina cribrosa sclerae
Macula lutea, Fovea centralis
Polusposterior
bulbi
Vaginaexternanervioptici
Spatium intervaginalesubarachnoidale
Fig.61,6 Eyebal.t,
Butbusocuti;
s c h e m a t ihco r i z o n t sa eI c t i o n
a t t h eL e v eolf t h e
e x i to f t h eo o t i cn e r v e .
* C t i n i c a tI e r m : B O W M A Nm
' se m b r a n e
* * C t i n i c atIe r m : D E S o E M E m
T 'es m b r a n e
* * * C t i n i c atIe r m : c a n a Io f S c H L E M M
Dimensions
of the eyebatt
literature)
lAverageva[uesaccordingto the anatomicand ophtha[mol.ogic
E x t e r n abI u t b a ra x i s ,
A x i se x t e r n u sb u L b i
Internab
I u L b aar x i s ,
A x i si n t e r n u sb u l b i
T h i c k n e s so f t h e c o r n e a
D e p t ho f t h e a n t e r i o rc h a m b e r
240mm
T h i c k n e s so f t h e t e n s
D i s t a n c eb e t w e e nl e n sa n d r e t i n a
T h i c k n e s so f t h e r e t i n a
3 . 6m m
'1
5 6 mm
03mm
R a d i u so f c u r v a t u r eo f t h e s c t e r a
R a d i u so f c u r v a t u r eo f t h e c o r n e a
13.0
mm
78mm
Powerof the entireeye
vision]
Idistance
P o w e ro f t h e c o r n e a
P o w e ro f t h e l e n s[ d i s t a n c ve i s i o n l
5 9d i o p t r e s
22.5mm
05mm
36mm
I n t e r p u p i L l adr yi s t a n c e
4 3d i o p t r e s
1 9d i o p t r e s
61-69
mm
Bloodvesselsof the eveball
Sinusvenosussclerae*
Circulusarteriosus
iridismajor
V conjunctivalis
anterior
A conjunctivalis
anterior
A. ciliarisanterior
Circulusarteriosus
iridisminor
Ora serrata
V. ciliaris
antenor
longa
A. ciliarisposterior
Vasasanguinea
retinae
Choroidea
V vorticosa
Lamina choroidocaoillaris
Lamina vasculosa **
V centralis
retinae
V episcleralis
A episcleralis
A centralis
retinae
A ciliarisposterior
longa
Aa ciliaresposteriores
breves
F i g . 5 1 7 B t o o dv e s s e l so f t h e e y e b a t tB, u L b u so c u t , .
* C [ i n i c at eI r m :c a n a t oSf c H L E M M
* * C t i n i c at eI r m :u v e a
Layersof the eyebat[,Tunicaebutbi
Fibrous tayer of the eyebatl, Tunica fibrosa bul.bi
- C o r n e aC
, o r n e aI p r o n o u n c ecdu r v a t u r et,r a n s l u c e n t ]
- S c [ e r aS
, c t e r aI L e s s ecru r v a t u r eo, p a q u e b
; L u i s h - w h i ti e
n
i n f a n c yy, e l l o w i s h - w h i ti e
n senescenceJ
Vascular layer of the eyeba[[, Tunica vasculosa butbi
- l r i s ,l r i s ,w i t h t h e c e n t r a Ic i r c u t a ro p e n i n gt,h e p u p i l ,
PupiLl.a
- C i t i a r yb o d y ,C o r p u sc i t i a r ew
, i t h t h e c i t i a r ym u s c L e ,
M c i t i a r i st,h e c i t i a r yp r o c e s sP, r o c e s s u cs i L i a r i st h
,e
c i [ i a r yz o n u L eZ, o n u l ac i I i a r i sw
, i t h t h e z o n u t a rf i b r e s ,
F i b r a ez o n u L a r e a
s ,n d t h e z o n u t a rs p a c e s ,
C^-+;^ -^^,,1--;^
JPoLro 4urruLorro
- C h o r o i dC
. horoidea
lnner tayer of the eyebaU,lretinal, Tunica interna butbi (Retinal
- N o n v i s u arIe t i n a ,P a r sc a e c ar e t i n a eI f r o mt h e p u p i L L a r y - i r i d i a l
m a r g i n ,M a r g op u p i t L a r i sr i d i s ,t o t h e o r a s e r r a t a , 0 r as e r r a t a l
l r i d i a Lp a r t o f t h e r e t i n a ,P a r si r i d i c ar e t i n a e( s i n g | . e - L a y e r e d ,
h e a v i t yp i g m e n t e d )C, i t i a r yp a r t o f t h e r e t i n a ,P a r sc i I i a r i s
r e t i n a e{ s i n g [ e - L a y e r eu dn ,p i g m e n t e d l
- 0 p t i c p a r t o f t h e r e t i n a ,P a r so p t i c ar e t i n a eI s t r a t i f i e d J
1 n e u r o n v: i s i o nc e I t sI r o dc e t t s- b r i q h t n e s s :
c o n ec e l L s- c o L o u r l
2 n e u r o n :b i p o L agr a n g I i o nc e l [ sw i t h i nt h e r e t i n a
{ g a n g L i oonf t h e r e t i n a ,G a n g L i orne t i n a e J
3 n e u r o n :m u L t i - p o t agra n g L i ocne I t sI o p t i ca a n g I i o n ,
, h o s e[ o n ga x o n sf o r m t h e o p t i c
G a n g L i oonp t i c u m iw
n e r v ea n d c o n t i n u ei n t h e o p t i ct r a c t
\ l
L a c r i m aaI p p a r a t u s
Ciliarybodyand iris
Cameraanterior
-l--^---
to'n""
l
pupillae
M sphincter
Stromairidis
posterius
Faciesposterior,
Epithelium
Faciesanterior.
Eoithelium
anterius
proDria
Substantia
corneae
Sinusvenosussclerae*
Angulusiridocornealis
Beticulum
trabeculare
Cameraposterior
zonulares zonularia
Procc,
ciliares
Corpusciliare
I zonur"
.itiu,.i.--
F i g .6 4 8 E y e b a t LB,u L b u so c u t i ;
s c h e m a t i ch o r i z o n t asI e c t i o na t t h e l e v e Io f
thepupit.
* C l i n i c at eLr m :c a n aoI f S c H L E M M
* * C [ i n i c at eI r m :z o n u [ oe f Z I N N
Lens, Facies anterior
lris,Margopupillaris
Beticulum
trabeculare
Lens,
Polus anterior
M ciliaris
lris,Faciesanterior
Anulus
iridismajor
Anulusiridisminor
F i g . 6 4 9 l r i s , l r i s ,a n d p u p i t ,P u p i l . l . a ;
a f t e rr e m o v a o
I f t h e s c t e r aa n d c o r n e a :
a n t e r i o rv i e w .
Mu s c t e os f t h e e y e
Anulusiridisminor
Margopupillaris
Anulusiridismajor
Reticulum
trabeculare
Margo ciliaris
Lens,Faciesanterior
Parsiridicaretinae
F i g . 6 5 0 l r i s ,l r i s ;
a f t e rr e m o v aoIf t h ec o r n e a ;
anteriorview.
Pars ciliarisretinae
Procc.ciliares
Fibraezonulares:
Soatiazonularia
Plicae ciliares
Cornea,Faciesposterior
F i g . 6 5 1 l r i s ,l r i s ;
posterior
view.
lris.Faciesoosterior
Parsopticaretinae
Procc ciliares
Plicae ciliares
Orbiculus
ciliaris
F i g .6 5 2 l r i s ,l r i s ;
section
o f F i g .6 5 1 ;
posterior
view.
L a c r i m a Ia p p a r a t u s
Faciesanterior
Polusanterior
Polusposterior
Faciesposterior
F i g . 6 5 4 L e n sL, e n s ;
viewedf romthe equator.
F i g . 6 5 3 L e n sL, e n s ;
a n t e r i ovr i e w .
Aequator+
F i g . 6 5 5 L e n s ,L e n s ;
o b t i q u ev i e wf r o m a n t e r i o r
F i g . 6 5 6 L e n sL, e n s ;
schema
o f t h e[ e n sf i b r e si n a n e o n a t e :
viewed
f r o mt h ee q u a t o r .
M u s c t e so f t h e e y e
Eyebatt
0 p ti cp a th way Topogr aphy
retinaesuperior
Venulatemporalis
Discusnervioptici**
Macula lutea *
Venulatemooralis
retinaeinferior
Arteriolatemooralisretinaeinferior
F i g . 6 5 7 O c u t a rf u n d u s ,F u n d u so c u t i ;
o p h t h a [ m o s c o p pi ci c t u r eo f t h e c e n t r a Ir e g i o n ;
a n t e r i o rv i e w .
* C[inicaI
term:yetlowspot
* * C t i n i c at eI r m :p a p i t [oar b I i n ds p o t
Venulamacularis
superior
Arteriolatemporalisretinaesuperior
Venulatemporalis
retinaesuperior
Venulanasalisretinaesuperior
Arteriola
macularis
suDerior
nasalisretinaesuoeriol
Arteriola
Discusnervioptici
Fovea centralis, Foveola
(Venulamedialis
retinae)
(Arteriolamedialisretinae)
Arteriolamacularisinferior
Arteriolanasalisretinaeinferior
Venulamacularis
inferior
Arteriola
temooralis
retinaeinferior
F i g ,6 5 8 B L o o dv e s s e t so f t h e r e t i n a V
, a s as a n g u i n e ar e t i n a e ;
s c h e m ao f t h e c o u r s eo f t h e v e s s e t s :
anteriorview.
Lac r i m aIappar atus
Excavatio disci
Laminacribrosasclerae
Stratum
nervosum
) _
I Ha.ls
I opuca
Stratum
I retinae
p19menrosum
/
Lamina fusca sclerae
Choroidea
propria
Substantia
screrae
Spatiumintervaginale
subarachnoidale
N opticuslll
F i g . 6 5 9 0 p t i cn e r v eN, .o p t i c uIsl l 1 ;
h o r i z o n t sa eI c t i o n
a t i t se x i tf r o mt h ee y e b a L I
Spatium intervaginalesubarachnoidale
Vaginainternanervioptici
Vagina externa nerui optici
F i g . 6 6 0 0 p t i cn e r v eN
, . o p t i c u Isl l l ;
c r o s s - s e c t in
oe
n a rt h ee y e b a L [
M u s c l e sC I tf h e e y e
Eyebatt
pathwmy
ffi6rtic
Topography
Vagina interna
Periorbita
Vagina externa
N o p t i c u lsl l ,
Pars canalis
N opticuslll,
Parsintracranialis
A n u l u tse n d i n e ucso m m u n i s
M levatorpalpebrae
supenofls
Dura mater cranialis
M rectussuperior
Hypophysis
Chiasmaopticum
N opticuslll,
Parsorbitalis
Tractusopticus
A ophthalmica
A ophthalmica
orbitae
Corpusadiposum
A carotisinterna,
Parscerebralis
M rectuslateralis
Sinuscavernosus
M rectusinferior
F i g . 6 5 1 0 p t i cn e r v eN, .o p t i c uIsl l J ;
t h eo p t i cc a n ahI a sb e e no p e n e d ;
viewed
f r o mt h er i g h t .
Sinusfrontalis
M levatorpalpebrae
superioris
l\4 rectussuperior
Corpusadiposum
orbitae
Corpusciliare
N opticuslll
Palpebra
superior
Lens
M rectusinterior
Cameraanterior
Sinussphenoidalis
inferior
Palpebra
Bulbusoculi,Camera
postrema
[vitrea]
Sinusmaxillaris
F i g . 6 6 2 0 r b i t ,O r b i t a ;
m a g n e t i cr e s o n a n cteo m o g r a p h i cm a g eI M R l ) ;
v e r t i c a sL e c t i o na [ o n gt h e o p t i cn e r v e ;
v i e w e df r o m t h e r i g h t .
Surfaqe
Sketeton E y e L i d s L a c r i r n a at p p a r a t u s
0pticpathwayand bloodvessels
Bulbuo
s culi
Aa ciliares
A centralisretinae
Chiasma opticum
A ophthalmica
Tubercinereum*
A carotis inlerna
A choroidea anterior
Tractusopticus
A cerebriposterior
Tractusopticus,
Radixmedialis
Tractusopticus,
Radixlateralis
Mesencephalon,
Pedunculus
cereDrl
Corpus
geniculatum
mediale
Corpus
geniculatum
laterale
Tectum
mesencephali,
Colliculus
superior
Radiatiooptica
Plexuschoroideus
ventriculi
lateralis
V magna cerebri
Brachium colliculisuperioris
Sulcuscalcarinus
R calcarinus
(Area striata)
F i g .6 6 3 B r a i n ,E n c e p h a L oann, d b | . o o d
suppLo
y f t h e p a r t so f t h e
o p t i cp a t h w a y ;
i n f e r i o rv i e w .
T h e p i t u i t a r yg t a n dh a s b e e nr e m o v e da t i t s i n f u n d i b u t u m
[ * 1 .D u e
t o t h e c [ o s ep r o x i m i t yo f t h e p i t u i t a r yg L a n da n d t h e o p t i cc h i a s m ,
p i t u i t a r vt u m o u r sc a n c a u s ev i s u a Ld i s t u r b a n c e s
0ptic pathway
1 n e u r o nr: o dc e L Lasn dc o n ec e L Losf t h e r e t i n a
2 n e u r o nb: i p o l . agra n g [ i ocne [ L os f t h e r e t i n aI p e r i k a r yi n
a
t h er e t i n a L g a n g l . i o n )
n e u T Om
n :u L t i - p o Lgaarn g L i ocne L Losf t h e r e t i n aI p e r i k a r y a
i n t h eo p t i cg a n g t i o n )
T h ea x o n so f t h eo p t i cg a n g t i ocne L Lesx t e n dp r i m a r i ltyo
4
t h e l a t e r ag
L e n i c u L abt eo d yl L a t e r ar L
o o t )a, L t h o u gshe v e r a I
f i b r e sa L s oe x t e n dt o t h e p r e t e c t aaLr e aa n dt h e s u p e r i o r
c o L L i c u Ll m
u se d i a L r o oat ls,w e [ La s t o t h e h y p o t h a L a m u s
T h e yr u n w i t h i ni h e o p t i cn e r v et o t h e o p t i cc h i a s mw
, here
t h ef i b r e sf r o mt h e n a s a pL a r to f t h eo c u L af ru n d u sc r o s s
L ot h eo p p o s i tsei d e E a c ho p t i cL r a ccLo n t a i nfsi b r e sw, h i c h
t r a n s m iitn f o r m a t i of rno mt h ec o n t r a L a t ehr a lLof f t h e
visuaLfieLd
n e u r o nl:t s a x o n st r a v e L
p r i m a r i l yf r o mt h e l a t e r a I
'l
g e n i c u L a bt eo d yt o a r e a s 7 a n d 1 8o f t h e c e r e b r acI o r t e x
q ec a L c a r i n e
I s t r i a ta
e r e a iJn t h e r e q i o ns u r r o u n d i nt h
s uL c u s
Mus c le o
s f t h ee y e
Eyebatt
Opticpathway
Topogr aphy
'1 Commonvisualfield
' 1 aVisualfieldof the lett
eye
1 b Visualtieldof the righteye
2a Projectionon the left retina
2b Projectionon the rightretina
1a
Bulbusoculi
Ganglion ciliare
N. opticuslll
A carotis interna,A. ophthalmica
Chiasmaopticum
Ganglion
cervicale
supenus
Tractusopticus
N oculomotorius
illll
Corpusgeniculatum
laterale
Radiatio optica
Colliculus
superior
Sulcuscalcarinus
3b
3a Projection on the left calcarine cortex
3b Proiectionon the rioht calcarinecortex
Coriscious visual fi6ld as a result of the
integrative achievement of the brain
Fig.554 0ptic pathway;
schematicoverview;
s u 0 e n o rv r e w .
T h e c e n t r a Iv i s i o nf i e t dh a s a
fietd.
d i s p r o p o r t i o n a tLLayr g ep r o j e c t i o n
* Ptaneof refraction
of light
Sr:rfase
SketetonHyet i dsl .- ac r i m appar
aI
atus
a A supraorbitalis
Fl lateralis
t N suoraorbitalis.
superioris
o [4 levatorpalpebrae
N suoraorbitalis.R medialis':
Glandula lacrimalis,
Pars orbitalis
N supratrochlearis
,
Corpusadiposum
orbitae
t M rectus superior
R meningeus
anteriora
A ethmoidalis
anteriora
a A lacrimalis
l\4 obliquus
superior€f
, N lacrimalis
,
N nasociliaris
A o p h t h a l m i caa
o lvl rectus lateralis
N frontalis
, N abducens [Vl]
N trochlearis
lVl
N o p h t h a l m i c[uVsi 1 ]
Canalisopticus
x N maxillaris[V/2]
N opticuslll ,l
media
O A meningea
A ophthalmica
a
A carotisinternaa
, N mandibularis
[V/3],
R meningeus
N oculomotorius
llll :
, N mandibularis
[V/3]
N trochlearis
lvl ,t
N abducens
[Vl].,
r, Gangliontrigeminale
R tentorius:
;, N trigeminus[V]
666
,-,
F i g . 6 6 5 A r t e r i e sa n d n e r v e so f t h e o r b i t , 0 r b i t a ;
s u 0 e n o rv r e w .
Mu s c le o
s f t h ee y e
Eyebatt
0pticpathway Topography
R. lateralis
a N supraorbitalis,
O M levatorpalpebraesuperioris
A supraorbitalis
a
Parsorbitalis
Glandulalacrimalis,
N supraorbitalis,
R. medialisa
O M. rectussuperior
N. supratrochlearis
o
a A. lacrimalis
A. ophthalmica
O
a N. lacrimalis
M. obliquussuperiora
ciliare
a Ganglion
a N. abducens[Vl]
a M rectuslateralis
N oculomotorius
illll, R. superiora
a N nasociliaris
a N ophthalmicus
[V/11
N. opticusilll a
a N maxillaris[V/21
A. ophthalmica
a
o N. mandibularis
[V/3]
A carotisinternaa
N oculomotorius
llll a
trigeminale
o Ganglion
N trochlearis[V] a
N abducens
[Vl]r
o N trigeminus
[V]
F i g . 6 6 5 A r t e r i e sa n d n e r v e so f t h e o r b i t ,O r b i t a ;
after removaIof the roof of the orbit:
SUOeflOr
VteW.
Surface
Ske[eton Eyet i dsLac r i m aI
appar atus
\F
/,6\
(-)
A supraorbitalis
M obliquussuperior,
Tendoa
o M levatorpalpebraesuperioris
a M reclussuperior
A. supratrochlearis
a)
M. obliquussuDerior
a
A dorsalisnasia
Bulbusoculi
meningeus
anteriora
a N. opticuslll
M rectusmedialisa
N infratrochlearis
a
a N lacrimalis
A ethmoidalis
anteriora
a A lacrimalis
N. ethmoidalis
anteriora
a M rectuslateralis
N nasociliarisa
a Nn ciliaresbreves
posterior
A ethmoidalis
O
posterior
N. ethmoidalis
3
o Aa ciliares
N. ciliarislonguso
o N abducens[Vl]
M. obliquus
superiora
a N oculomotorius
rull,R.interior
N. trochlearis
[V] o
ciliare
a Ganglion
N. oculomotorius
llll, O
R superior
a Radixparasympathica
(lll)
loculomotorial
M. levatorpalpebrae
a
supenofls
a Radixsensoria(V/1)
M rectussuperiorO
a Radixsympathica
(N.caroticus
internus)
N opticusilll O
A ophthalmica
O
a N. ophthalmicus
[V/1]
A carotisinternaO
N. oculomotorius
llll a
N.trochlearis
lvl a
a N. trigeminus
[V],Radixsensoria
, N. abducens[Vll
F i g . 6 6 7 A r t e r i e sa n d n e r v e so f t h e o r b i t ,O r b i t a ;
a f t e r p a r t i a Lr e m o v a o
I f t h e l e v a t o rp a l p e b r a es u p e r i o r i s ,
t h e r e c t u ss u p e r i o ra n d t h e o b l i q u u ss u p e r i o rm u s c t e ;
s u 0 e n o rv t e w .
Mu s c t e s
superioris
a M. levatorpalpebrae
a M. rectussuDerior
a M rectuslateralis
M obliquus
superior,
a
Trochlea
M. obliquussuperior,
Tendoa
a N. opticusilll
M obliquussuperiorO
R meningeus
anteriora
a M obliquusinferior
o M rectusinferior
N intratrochlearis
e
ethmoidalis
anteriora
N ethmoidalis
anterior3
posterior
A ethmoidalis
o
O N zygomaticus
N ethmoidalisposteriora
aA infraorbitalis
M rectusmedialisa
A ophthalmica
O
a N infraorbitalis
M. obliquussuperiora
t N oculomotorius
illl, R. inferior
M levatorpalpebraea
supeflons
a M rectuslateralis
M. rectussuperiora)
a N abducens
[Vl]
N opticusl|] a
a N maxillaris[V/2]
Canalisopticus
t N. ophthalmicus
[V/1]
A. ophthalmicaO
I N. mandibularis
[V/3]
N, oculomotorius
illll a
N abducens
[Vl]a
, N trigeminus
[V]
F i g .6 6 8 A r t e r i e sa n d n e r v e so f t h e o r b i t ,0 r b i t a ;
a f t e r s e c t i o no f t h e o p t i cn e r v e ;
suoeflorvtew.
667
t Eye
Surface
5 k e [ e t o n Eyeti dsL a c r i m aaI p p a n a t u s
Blood yesselsof the orbit
A supraorbitalis
A supratrochlearis
A carotis interna
A dorsalisnasi
A ophthalmica
Aa ciliaresposteriores
A lacrimalis
F i g . 6 6 9 A r t e r i e so f t h e o r b i t ,0 r b i t a ;
[ateraIview.
F i g . 6 7 0a , b V a r i a t i o n o
s f t h e o p h t h a t m i ca r t e r y ,A . o p h t h a t m i c a ;
S U p e f l ovr t e w .
V nasofrontalis
N opticustlll
V supraorbitalis
\
A carotisinterna
Sinuscavernosus
V ophthalmica
superior
F i g . 6 7 1 V e i n so f t h e o r b i t ,0 r b i t a ;
LateraIview.
M u s c l e so f t h e e y e
Eyebal.l. 0 p ti cp a th way Topography
R communicans
cumnervozygomatico
Ganglionciliare
N maxillaris
lvt2l
N zygomaticus
Ganglion
pterygopalatinum
R communicans
cum nervofaciali
F i g . 6 7 2 O r b i t ,O r b i t a ;
viewedfrom the right.
M rectusmedialis
Cellulaeethmoidales
t
I
{
I
F i g . 6 7 3 O r b i t ,0 r b i t a ;
h o r i z o n t asI e c t i o n ;
s u p e f l o rv r e w .
...Eyebatt | 0pticpathw ayI T opogr aphy
M epicranius
a
Os trontale
Periorbita
& N frontalis
superioris
t M levatorpalpebrae
Supercilia
<-
M orbicularisoculi a
I M, rectussuperior
Fornixconjunctivae
superior
a A ophthalmica
Palpebra
superior
Tarsussuperior
Vaginaexternanervioptici
Cornea
& N opticuslll
Cilia
Palpebra
inlerior
$ M rectusinferior
Tarsusinferior
Fornixconjunctivae
inferior
a M obliquusinferior
Sclera
Septum orbitale
& N infraorbitalis
Corpusadiposum
orbitae
Maxilla
Sinusmaxillaris
F i g .6 7 t + 0 r b i t , O r b i t a ;
v e r t i c a sI e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e e y e b a [a[ n d t h e o p t i cn e r v e ;
m e d i a Iv i e w
Os frontale
O A supraorbitalis
& N supraorbitalis
M levatorpalpebraesuperiorise
superior
a l\4.obliquus
l\4 rectussuperiorI
I M rectusmedialis
Glandula lacrimalis
M rectuslateralis,
Tendoa
Os ethmoidale
Bulbus oculi. Sclera
Meatusnasisuperior
Os zygomaticum
Cellulaeethmoidales
Corpusadiposum
orbitae
M rectus inferior C
Concha nasalis media
N zygomaticus
&
Periorbila
(V);A infraorbitalis
o O
Sinus maxillaris
N infraorbitalis
&
Fi9.675Orbit,0rbita;
f r o n t asI e c t i o a
n t t h el e v eoI f t h e p o s t e r i o rp a r t o f t h e e y e b a [ t ;
a n t e r i ovr i e w .
Os frontale
$ N frontalis
M levator palpebrae superioris*
.', N nasociliaris
I M obliquussuperior
& N trochlearis
lvl
M rectussuperior0
A ophthalmicaa
f M rectusmedialis
N lacrimalisa
N oculomotorius
ul], B. superiorg
V ophthalmica
superiora
N abducens [Vl] 3,
Meatusnasisuperior
Os ethmoidale
Cellulaeethmoidales
M rectuslateraliso
N opticuslll *
Os zygomaticum
Concha nasalis media
N oculomotorius
illll, R inferior*
l\4 rectusinferiorc
6 N infraorbitalis
(V);A infraorbitalisO a
Sinus maxillaris
F i g . 6 7 6 O r b i t ,O r b i t a ;
f r o n t a Is e c t i o na t t h e l e v e Io f t h e m i d d t eo f t h e e x t r a c r a n i a I
c o u r s eo f t h e o p t i cn e r v e ;
a n l e n o rv t e w .
Os temporale
Ossiculaauditus
Cavitastympani
Labyrinthus
vestibularis
Labyrinthus
cochlearis
Membrana
tympanica
Tubaauditiva
Proc mastoideus
Proc styloideus
Fig.677 Ear,Auris.
Canalessemicirculares
N vestibulocochlearistVllll
Stapes
Cavitastympani
Membrana
tympanica
Tubaauditiva
Fig.678 MiddLe
a n d i n n e re a r ,A u r i s m e d i ae t i n t e r n a ;
sectiontrom Fig. 677;
a n t e r i o rv i e w .
,:::
'::.
t'
> Ear
*an
$t4icidL*
Auricle
Helix
Crura antihelicis
Scapha
Fossa triangularis
Cymba conchae
(Tuberculumauriculare)
Crus helicis
Incisuraanterior
Antihelix
Cavitas conchae
Helix
Tragus
Concha auriculae
Cavitas conchae
Helix
Incisuraintertragica
Antitragus
Lobulus auriculae
Fig.679 AuricLe,AuricuLa.
S p i n ah e l i c i s
Parssquamosa
Os temporale,
Incisuraecartilaginismeatus acustici
Os temporale, Pars tympanica
Proc styloideus
Proc mastoideus
F i g .6 8 0 A u r i c u t a rc a r t i l a g eC
, a r t i [ a g oa u r i c u t a r i s
l n n e re a r
M. helicismajor
M. helicis minor
Cauda helicis
F i g .6 8 1 A u r i c u [ a rm u s c t e s M
, m.auriculares.
M obliquus
auriculae
Lig.auriculare
superius
M transversusauriculae
Meatusacusticus
externus
posterius
Lig.auriculare
F i g . 6 8 2 A u r i c u t amr u s c l e sM, m .a u r i c u t a r e s .
Externalacousticmeatusand tympanicmembrane
Lig malleisuperius
Caput mallei
Recessus
epitympanicus
Os temporale
Recessus
Pars
epitympanicus,
cupularis
l\il tensor tympani
Meatusacusticus
externus
Chorda
tympanr
Os temporale,
Parspetrosa
Cartilago
auriculae
N cochlearis
Ductuscochlearis
Porusacusticus
externus
M tensor tympani,
Tendo
lvleatusacusticusexternus
cartilagineus
Membrana tympanica
Tragi
Bulbussuperior
venaejugularis
Meatusacusticus
externus
Os occipitale
Articulatio
atlantooccipitalis
Cartilago
auriculae
Atlas
Cellulae mastoideae
F i g .6 8 3 E x t e r n a aI c o u s t i cm e a t u s ,M e a t u sa c u s t i c u se x t e r n u s ;
t y m p a n i cc a v i t y C
, n d c o c h L e aC, o c h t e a ;
, a v i t a st y m p a n i a
f r o n t a Is e c t i o n ;
p o s t e r i o vr i e w .
\a
l,z-
posterior
Plicamallearis
Pars flaccida'
Meatusacusticus
externus,
(Pariesposterio0
Plica mallearis
anterior
Prominentia
mallearis
Pars
tensa
Stria
mallearis
Anulus
fibrocartilagineus
Umbomembranae
rympanrcae
F i g .6 8 4 T y m p a n i cm e m b r a n e M
, e m b r a n at y m p a n i c a ;
ninqcnnie
imeno.
lateraIview.
* C L i n i ctaeLr m :S H R A P N Em
L Le'm
s brane
** TypicaLty
occurring
reftection
of Iight
I n o r d e rt o o b t a i na c o m p L e toet o s c o p iocv e r v i e w
ofthe
c u t a n e o ussu r f a c o
e f t h et y m p a n im
c e m b r a n et h, ee x t e r n a I
a c o u s t im
c e a t u sm u s tb e s t r e t c h ebdy p u L L i nt hgea u r i c t e
u p w a r d sa n d p o s t e r i o r [ y .
T of a c i t i t a toer i e n i a t i o nt h, e t y m p a n i cm e m b r a n ei s u s u a L t y
d i v i d e idn t of o u rq u a d r a n tIsl - l V )
F i g .6 8 5 T y m p a n i cm e m b r a n e M
, e m b r a n at y m p a n i c a ;
q u a d r a nst c h e m a :
Lateratview.
T h eL o n g edri a m e t eor f t h et y m p a n im
c e m b r a n ien t h e
a d u Li ts ' 1 0 - 1 m
1 m ,t h es h o r t edr i a m e t ei sr a p p r o x9 m m
T h et i g h ts o u r c ec h a r a c t e r i s t i c apLrLoyd u c eas
t r i a n g u [ ar re f l e c t i oonf L i g hat t t h e u m b oi n t h e r e g i o n
o f q u a d r a nl tl
I n n e rea r I Pa t h w a ysI T o p o g ra p h y
Caputmallei
Collummallei
F i g .6 8 6 M a l t e u sM, a t l e u s ;
[ateraLview.
Caputmallei
Matleus;
Fig.587 Ma[[eus,
a n t e r i ovr i e w .
(Faciesarticularis)
Crusbreve
Collummallei
Proc. lateralis
Proc lenticularis
Manubrium
mallei
F i g .6 8 8 M a L t e u sM, a t l e u s ;
oosteriorview.
F i g . 6 8 9 I n c u s I, n c u s ;
lateraIview
Corpusincudis
(Facies articularis)
Caputstapedis
Crusbreve
Crusposterius
Crusanterius
Basisstapedis
F i g . 6 9 0 I n c u sI ,n c u s ;
m e d i avI i e w .
Fig.591 Stapes,Stapes;
supeflor vrew.
> Ear
Over view |
Ou terear
Auditoryossicles
incudomallearis
Articulatio
Caput mallei
Corpusincudis
Crusbreve
Proc lateralis
Cruslongum
Proc anterior
Articulatioincudostapedialis
Manubrium mallei
Crusposterius
Crusanterius
Basisstapedis
F i g . 6 i 2 A u d i t o r yo s s i c t e sO
, s s i c u Laau d i t u s ;
s u o e r o m e d i avIi e w .
Recessus epitympanicus
Lig incudisposterius
Lig mallei laterale
Articulatioincudomallearis
Chordatympani
Lig mallei anterius
posterior
A tympanica
M tensor tympani,Tendo
Articulatio
incudostapedialis
l\4 stapedius,Tendo
Manubrium mallei
Membrana
stapedialis
Membrana tympanica
Lig anularestapediale
Anulusf ibrocartilagineus
F i g ,6 9 3 J o i n t sa n d l i g a m e n t so f t h e a u d i t o r yo s s i c t e s ,
A r t i c u l a t i o n eest L i g a m e n t ao s s i c u [ o r u m
auditus;
c o v e r e dw i t h m u c o s a ;
suoeromediaIview
I M i ddteear
Innerear I PathwaysI Topography
-\
Lig.malleisuperius
Pariestegmentalis,
Parscupularis
4a-'
Pariestegmentalis,Recessusepitympanicus
Chordatympani;Plicamallearisanterior
Manubrium
mallei
Corpusincudis
M. tensortympani,
Tendo
Lig malleilaterale
M tensortympani
Recessusmembranae
tympanicaesuperior
Proc.cochlearilormis
Chordatympani
Promontorium
Meatusacusticusexternus
Cavitastympani
Stapes
Umbomembranaetympanicae
Canaliscaroticus
Membranatympanica
Anulusf ibrocartilagineus
Fig.594 Tympaniccavity,Cavitastympani;
f r o n t a Is e c t i o n :
anteriorview.
Pariesmastoideus
Parieslabyrinthicus
Pariesmembranaceus
Fig.595 WatLsof the tympaniccavity,Cavitastympani;
s c h e m af o r o r i e n t a t i o n .
> Ear
0u terear
Over view |
Tympaniccavity
Antrummastoideum
Cellulae mastoideae
Fenestra
vestibuli
Canalis nervi facialis
Proc cochleariformis
lmpressio
trigeminalis
Ostium tympanicum
tubae auditivae
Canalis caroticus
vestibuli
Fossulafenestrae
Promontorium
Sulcuspromontorii
Canalis nervi facialis
Fossulafenestraecochleae
Foramen
stylomastoideum
Parieslabyrinthicus
Fenestra cochleae
promontorii
Subiculum
F i g .6 9 6 M e d i a L w a t P
t , a r i e sL a b y r i n t h i c uosf,t h e t y m p a n i cc a v i t y ,
C a v i t a st y m p a n i ;
a f t e rr e m o v a o
I f the [ateraw
L a t [a n dt h e a d j a c e np
t a r t so f t h e
a n t e r i o ra n d s u p e r i o rw a t L ,
t h e f a c i a Lc a n a Ia n d t h e c a r o t i dc a n a Ih a v eb e e no p e n e d ;
anteroLateratview.
Antrummastoideum
Prominentiacanalis semicircularislateralis
Eminentia pyramidalis
Prominentiacanalis nervi facialis
Fenestra
vestibuli
Canalis nervi facialis
Proc cochleariformis
Semicanalis
musculi
tensoristympani
lmpressio
trigeminalis
Cellulae
mastoideae
Canaliscaroticus
Septumcanalis
musculotubarii
Paries
mastoideus
Ostiumtympanicum
tubaeauditivae
Fossaincudis
Sulcuspromontorii
Sinusposterior
Promontorium
Meatusacusticus
Cellulaetympanicae
exlernus
Fossulafenestrae cochleae
Sinus tympani
Sulcustympanicus
promontorii
Subiculum
Proc mastoideus
Proc styloideus
Fig.697 MediaLwatP
l . ,a r i e sL a b y r i n t h i c uosf,t h e t y m p a n i cc a v i t y ,
f- rrri+:c +rrmnrni.
v e r t i c a sI e c t i o na L o n gt h e [ o n g i t u d i n aaIx i so f t h e p e t r o u sp a r t o f
t h e t e m p o r a bI o n e :
a n t e r o L a t e rvaiIe w
I M i ddteear
l nnere a r I P a t h w a ysI T o p o g ra p h y
Tympanic
Plica mallearisanterior
Proc
Recessus
epitympanicus
M tensor tympani
Caputmallei
Lig malleisuperius
Lig incudissuperius
Corpusincudis
Septumcanalis
musculotubarii
Chordatympani
Tubaauditiva
Incus,Crusbreve
Lig incudisposterius
Ostiumtympanicum
tubaeauditivae
Fossaincudis
Canaliscaroticus
Incus,Cruslongum
Anulusf ibrocartilagineus
posterior
Plicamallearis
M a n u b r i u mm a l l e i
lvlembrana
tympanica
N facialis [Vll]
Proc lenticularis
F i g ,6 9 8 L a t e r a Iw a | . tP
, a r i e sm e m b r a n a c e u so,f
t h e t y m p a n i cc a v i t y C
, a v i t a st y m p a n i ;
m e d i a Iv i e w .
l\4alleus,Proc lateralis
Incisura
tympanica
Spinatympanica
minor
C o l l u mm a l l e i
major
Spinatympanica
Plica mallearisanterior;Chorda tympani
M tensortympani,Tendo
Plica mallearisposterior;
Chorda tympani
mallei
Manubrium
M tensortympani
pyramidalis
Eminentia
Stapes
Incus,Cruslongum
Incus.Proc,lenticularis
Fossulafenestrae cochleae
M stapedius,
Tendo
Promontorium
Anulus{ibrocartilagineus
F i g .6 9 9 T y m p a n i c a v i t y C
, a v i t a st y m p a n i ;
a f t e rr e m o v ao
L f t h e t y m p a n i cm e m b r a n e ;
[ateraLview.
> Ear
0ver view |
0uterear
Auditorytube
Lamina
Os palatinum,
horizonlalis
Os sphenoidale,
Ala major,
Facies temporalis
Laminamedialis
\
I Os sphenoidale,
I Proc.otervooideus
Laminalateralis./
Lamina lateralis )
L Cartilago
.. .. I tubae auditivae
- Lamtna meorails
/
Os temporale,
Parspetrosa
Condylus
occipitalis
F i g .7 0 0 C a r t i t a g eo f t h e a u d i t o r yt u b e ,C a r t i l a g ot u b a ea u d i t i v a e ;
e x p o s e da t t h e b a s eo f t h e s k u [ L ;
i n f e r i o rv i e w .
M uvulae
M tensor veli palatini
Aponeurosispalatina
pterygoideus
Proc pterygoideus,
Hamuluspterygoideus
Foramenlacerum
Foramen ovale
M tensor veli palatini
M tensor veli palatini,Origo
Lamina lateralis\
I Cartilaoo tubae
I auditivie
Lamina medialis,
M levatorveli palatini
Fossamandibularis
Cartilago tubae auditivae
Semicanalistubae auditivae
M. levator veli palatini,Origo
Canaliscaroticus.Aoerturaexterna
F i g ,7 0 1 L e v a t o ra n d t e n s o rv e l i p a l a t i n m
i usctes,
M m l e v a t o re t t e n s o rv e L p
i a L a t i nai ,n d t h e c a r t i l a g e
o f t h e a u d i t o r yt u b e ,C a r t i t a g ot u b a ea u d i t i v a e .
I M i ddteear
In nerea r I Pa t h w a ysI T o p o g ra p h y
(Tendocentralis)
Duramatercranialis
M tensortympani
M tensortympani,
Fascia
Parsosseatubae
auditivae
Tubaauditiva
Tunicamucosa
Cellulaepneumaticae
F i g . 7 0 2 A u d i t o r yt u b e ,T u b aa u d i t i v a ;
c r o s s - s e c t i oant t h e [ e v e [o f t h e o s s e o u sp a r t :
[ateraIview.
lmpressio
trigeminalis
Duramatercranialis
Ganglion trigeminale
Duramatercranialis
A carotisinterna
Cartilago tubae auditivae,
Lamina lateralis
Faciesposterior
partispetrosae
Plexus
venosus
foraminis
ovalrs
N. mandibularis
lv/31
Os temporale,
Parspetrosa
Fissura
spnenopetrosa
Foramen
ovate
Tubaauditiva
M. tensor veli
palatini
Plexusvenosus
carottcus
internus
M tensor
velipalatini
M levatorveli palatini
F i g . 7 0 3 A u d i t o r yt u b e ,T u b aa u d i t i v a ;
cross-sectionat the levetof the lateraIasoect
o f t h e c a r t i [ a g i n o upsa r t ;
lateraIview.
Tubaauditiva,
Parscartilaginea,
Laminamembranacea
pharyngeus
Recessus
M levatorveli palatini
Lamina medialis
, u b aa u d i t i v a ;
F i g . 7 O 4 A u d i t o rtyu b e T
c r o s s - s e c t iaotnt h el e v eoLf t h em e d i aaI s p e c t
o f t h ec a r t i t a g i n opuas r t ;
lateraIview.
Ear
Over view |
Outerear
ear
I M i ddl .e
BonyIabyrinth
Cochlea
N cochlearis
N vestibularis
Canalissemicircularis
lateralis
N vestibulocochlearis[Vlll]
Canalissemicircularis
posterior
Porusacusticus
internus
F i g . 7 0 5 I n n e re a r ,A u r i s i n t e r n a a
, n dv e s t i b u L o c o c h Ln
ee
ar v e ,
N v e s t i b u t o c o c h L e a[ rVi sl l l ] ;
c a s ts p e c i m e np r o j e c t e do n t ot h e p e t r o u sp a r t o f t h e t e m p o r a Ib o n e
i l t u s t r a t i n gi t s n a t u r a Lp o s i t i o n ;
s u p e n o rv t e w
Foramenrotundum
A carotisinterna,
Parscavernosa
Foramen
ovale
Foramenlacerum
Foramen
spinosum
N petrosusmajor
Synchondrosis
sphenopetrosa
Cochlea
Porusacusticus
internus
N facialis[Vll],
geniculi
Ganglion
N facialis[Vll]
Ductussemicircularis
anterior
I N. cochlearis
N. vestibuloJ
cochlearis
[Vlll] I
lN. vestibularis
Ductussemicircularis
lateralis
jugulare
Foramen
Sulcussinussigmoidei
posterior
Ductussemicircularis
F i g . 7 0 6 I n n e re a r ,A u r i s i n t e r n a w
, i t h t h e f a c i a In e r v e ,N . f a c i a L i[sV l l ] ,
a n d t h e v e s t i b u L o c o c h [ enaerr v e ,N . v e s t i b u t o c o c h L e a[ rVi sl l l ] ;
p r o j e c t e do n t ot h e p e t r o u sp a r t o f t h e t e m p o r a Ib o n e ;
SUDCTIOV
TIEW
.::
Bonylabyrinth
Cellulaetympanicae
Canalis nervi facialis
Canalis semicircularis
anterior
Canalis semicircularis
lateralis
Foramenovale
Crus osseum commune
Apexpartispetrosae
Canalis semicircularis
posterior
Meatusacusticus
internus
Aqueductusvestibuli
Synchondrosis
petrooccipitalis
Sulcussinuspetrosi
inlerioris
S u l c u ss i n u ss i g m o i d e i
Foramen jugulare
Semicanalistubae
auditivae
Synchondrosis
sphenopetrosa
Cavitas tympani
Sulcusnervipetrosi
maJofls
Cochlea
Foramenlacerum
Canalis nervi tacialis
Canaliscaroticus
Canalis semicircularis
lateralis
Synchondrosis
spnenopetrosa
Fenestravestibuli
Apexpartispetrosae
Meatusacusticus
internus
Canalis semicircularis
anterior
F i g . 7 0 7 a ,b B o n y[ a b y r i n t hL, a b y r i n t h u o
ssseus;
h o t l o w e do u t o f t h e p e t r o u sp a r t o f t h e t e m p o r a Ib o n e
a P o s t e r i o r - s u p e r i vo ire w
b S u p e r i o rv i e w
* 0 p e n i nogf t h ep o s t e r i ocra n a L i c u L u s
Canalisspiralis
modioli
Scala vestibuli
Tractusspiralisforaminosus
Cupula cochleae
Lamina
modioli
Area nervi facialis
Areavestibularis
supeflor
Crista
transversa
Lamtna
spiralls
secunoana
Modiolus
cocnteae
Lamtna
spiralis
ossea
Canalis
spiralis
cochleae
Area
vestibularis
inferior
Scala
tympani
Canalis
longitudinalis
modioli
Fundusmeatus
acusticiinterni
Foramen
srngulare
Meatus
acusticus
Internus
Tractusspiralis
foraminosus
F i g . 7 0 8 S p i r a cI a n a Io f t h e c o c h t e aC
, a n a L issp i r a t i s
c o c nL e a e ;
o p e n e da l o n gt h e a x i so f t h e m o d i o l u s ;
s u p e f l o rv r e w
Area cochlearis
Meatusacusticus
internus
Fundusmeatus
acusticiinterni
F i g . 7 0 9 I n t e r n a I a c o u s t im
c e a t u s ,M e a t u s
a c u s t i c u si n t e r n u sa, n d f u n d u so f t h e i n t e r n a I
a c o u s t i cm e a t u s ,F u n d u sm e a t u sa c u s t i c i n t e r n i ;
r a[t;
Lf t h e p o s t e r i ow
a f t e r p a r t i a Lr e m o v a o
mediaLview.
Ampullaosseaanterior
Maculacribrosasuperior
Canalis semicircularisanterior
Crusosseumcommune
Cristatransversa
Crusosseumsimplex
posterior
Canalissemicircularis
Area cochlearis
Iateralis
Canalissemicircularis
Ampullaosseaposterior
Vestibulum
labyrinthi
Cochlea
Macula cribrosa media
Fenestra cochleae
F i g . 7 1 O B o n yL a b y r i n t hL,a b y r i n t h u o
ssseus;
t h e o s s e o u s[ i n i n go f t h e m e m b r a n o u s[ a b y r i n t hh a s b e e n
h o l l o w e do u t o f t h e p e t r o u sp a r t o f t h e t e m p o r a lb o n e ;
o b t i q u ev i e wf r o m p o s t e r i o r .
anterior
Canalissemicircularis
Crusosseumcommune
Ampullaosseaanterior
Ampullaossealateralis
Cupulacochleae
Canalissemicircularis
lateralis
labyrinthi
Vestibulum
Canalissemicircularis
posterior
Ampullaosseaposterior
Fenestra cochleae
Basis cochleae
vestibuli
Fenestra
ssseus;
F i g . 7 1 1 B o n yL a b y r i n t hL,a b y r i n t h u o
t h e o s s e o u sL i n i n go f t h e m e m b r a n o u s[ a b y r i n t hh a s b e e n
h o l t o w e do u t o f t h e p e t r o u sp a r t o f t h e t e m p o r a Lb o n e ;
[ateraLview.
Fenestravestibuli
Cristavestibuli
sphencus
Lamina spiralisossea
Scala vestibuli
Recessus
ellipticus
Scala tympani
L a m i n am o d i o l i
Macula cribrosa media
Hamuluslaminae
spiralis
Laminaspiralisossea
Ampullaosseaposterior
Lamina sDiralissecundaria
Recessus
cochlearis
Fossulafenestraecochleae
Crista fenestrae cochleae
F i g . 7 1 2 B o n yL a b y r i n t hL,a b y r i n t h u o
s sseus;
c a v i t i e sh a v eb e e nh o t l o w e do u t :
antero[ateraLview.
Membranous
labvrinth
Nn ampullareslateraliset anterior
Utriculus
Ductussemicircularis
anterior
Ampulla
membranacea
anterior
N utricularis
Ampulla
membranacea
lateralis
N saccularis
Crus
membranaceum
commune
N utriculoampullaris
Ductus
semicircularis
D uc t u s
cochlearis
Ductus
endolymphaticus
Ductus
semicircularis
lateralis
N cochlearis
N vestibularis
Crus
membranaceum
srmplex
ampullaris
posterior
Ampulla
memoranacea
Ductus cochlearis
vestibularis
Sacculus
F i g . 7 1 3 V e s t i b u l o c o c h L enaerr v e ,N v e s t i b u L o c o c h L e a
s embranaceus;
[ Vr ilsl l ] ,a n d m e m b r a n o u sL a b y r i n t hL,a b y r i n t h u m
s e m i - s c h e m a t ioc v e r v i e w .
p o s t e r i o vr i e w
Parspetrosa,
Os temporale,
partispetrosae
Faciesposterior
Ductusendolymphaticus Saccus endolymphaticus
Dura mater .-.................cranialis
Utriculus
Crus
membranaceum
commune
Sacculus
vestibularis
Cupula
cocnleae
Caecum
vestibulare
Caecum
cupuIare
Ductus
semicircularis
lateralis
Ductus
cochlearis
Canalis
semicircularis
Scala
vestibuli
Ductus
reuntens
Ductus
semicircularis
postenor
Scala tympani
Canaliculuscochleae
Fenestravestibuli
F i g . 7 1 1 M e m b r a n o u sL a b y r i n t hL,a b y r i n t h um
sembranaceus;
overvtew
Ampulla membranacea
posterior
> Ear
Middtear
Cochlea
Laminaspiralisossea
Caecumvestibulare
Ductusreuniens
Cupulacochleae
Cavitastympani
anterioret
Nn.ampullares
lateralis
Scala tympani
Ductussemicircularis
lateralis
Canalissemicircularis
lateralis
Ductuscochlearis
Ampullamembranacea
lateralis
N utricularis
Amoullamembranacea
antenor
N saccularis
Utriculus
posterior
N ampullaris
Canalissemicircularis
anterior
Sacculus
vestibularis
anterior
Ductussemicircularis
F i g .7 1 5 V e s t i b u t o c o c h l enaer r v e ,N . v e s t i b u l o c o c h L e a[rVi sl l l ] ,
a n d m e m b r a n o u s[ a b y r i n t hL, a b y r i n t h u sm e m b r a n a c e u s ;
s u p e n o rv r e w .
Ductuscochlearis
Scalavestibuli
Ductuscochlearis,
Pariesexternus
Ductuscochlearis,
Pariesvestibularis**
Striavascularis
Membrana
tectoria
Organumspirale*,
Membrana
reticularis
Sulcusspiralisinternus
Labiumlimbivestibulare
Prominentia
spiralis
Sulcusspiralisexternus
Laminaspiralisossea
Cristabasilaris
(R.nervicochlearis)
Ganglion
spiralecochleae
Ductuscochlearis,
Pariestympanicus
Laminabasilaris
Limbusspiralis
Labiumlimbitympanicum
Scalatympani
F i g . 7 1 6 C o c h l e aC,o c h l e a
w,i t ht h es p i r a I o r g a n ,
Organum
spira[e.
* C [ i n i c a tLe r m : o r g a n o f c 0 R T l
+ * C [ i n i c atle r m : R E | S S N E R
m' es m b r a n e
Ductussemicircularis
anterior
N ampullaris
anterior
N amDullaris
lateralis
N utricularis
Ductussemicircularis
lateralis
N. vestibularis
Ganglionvestibulare
N saccularis
Ductus
semicircularis
posterior
Ductus
cochlearis
Cupulaampullaris
N ampullaris
* Sensory
ce[[s
*+Supporting
ceLts
Restingstate
R o t a t i o no f t h e h e a dt o t h e r i g h t s i d e
F i g . 7 1 7a - d E q u i t i b r i u m
o r g a n ;L a b y r i n t h uvse s t i b u l a r i s .
a A n t e r i o rv i e w
b H i g h e rm a g n i ifc a t i o no f t h e a r e ai n d i c a t e di n a : t h e a n t e r i o r
p a r t o f t h e p o s t e r i o rm e m b r a n o u sa m p u t l a A
, mpulta
p o s t e r i o rh, a s b e e no p e n e d .
membranacea
S t o po f r o t a t i o n
t h ea m p u l t a rcyr e s tC
c C r o s s - s e c t itohnr o u g h
, r i s t aa m p u [ a r i s
d F u n c t i oonf t h ec u p u l ao f t h el a t e r asI e m i c i r c u l a
d ru c t ,
D u c t u s e m i c i r c u [ a lrai st e r a t i sd,u r i n gr o t a t i o on f t h eh e a d
Middte
.1
lo
o
:;::
'..:.ii
N cochlearis
Corpus geniculatummediale
inferior
Colliculus
Nucleuslemniscilateralis
Nucleicochleares
Nuclei olivares
Nucleus corporistrapezoidei
Fig.718 Hearing.
P r i m a r yn u c t e i :p u r p t e ;r e m a i n i n gn u c t e i :
Drown.
T h e c h a i no f t h e a u d i t o r yo s s i c t e sa m p I i if e s
t h e a m p t i t u d eo f t h e s o u n dw a v e sp h y s i c a [ L y
Nuclei nervi oculomotorii
Nucleus nervi trochlearis
Fasciculuslongitudinalis
medialis
Nucleus nervi abducentis
Nucleivestibulares
Nucleusgracilis
Nucleuscuneatus
(Nucleus
centralis
posterioris)
columnae
(Nucleicornusanterioris
musculorum
colli)
F i g . 7 1 9 C o n t r o lo f e q u i t i b r i u ma n d
s t a b i t i s a t i oonf t h e v i s u a If i e t d .
A f f e r e n tf i b r e so r i g i n a t ei n t h e m u s c L e o
sf
t h e e y e ,t h e e q u i L i b r i uomr g a na n dt h e
muscLeo
s f t h e n e c k ;e f f e r e n ft i b r e s
m o d u l a t et h e m u s c l e so f t h e e y ea n d t h e
p l a y sa p r e d o m i n a n t
b o d yT
. h ec e r e b e L t u m
r o t ei n t h i s c o o r d i n a t i o n .
Auditoryand equilibriumpathway
Auditorypathway
Colliculus
inferior
n e u r o nB: i p o L acre I L isn t h e s p i r a cI o c h [ e a r
g a n g t i o nA. f t e re x i t i n gt h e s m a t [a p e r t u r e s
o f t h e f o r a m i n o ussp i r a Lt r a c t w i t h i nt h e
i n t e r n aaI c o u s t im
c e a t u st,h ef i b r e sf o r mt h e
c o c h l e anr e r v ea n du n i t ew i t ht h ev e s t i b u L a r
n e r v ea t t h e f t o o r o f t h e i n t e r n a L
acoustic
m e a t u st o f o r mt h ev e s t i b u t o c o c h Lneearrv e
[ V l l l ] .F i b r e sf r o m t h e b a s a Ic o c h l e a pr a r t s
t r a v e r s et o t h e o o s t e r i ocr o c h t e a nr u c L e u s
a n d t h o s ef r o m t h e a p i c a Lp a r t st e r m i n a t e
i n t h ea n t e r i ocr o c h L e a
n ru c L e u s
--'-n""'"?,oil,Yi
mediale
Lemniscus
lateralis
g ra n g L i ocne L Los f t h e
n e u r o n :M u t t i - p o L a
c o c h l e anr u c t e iT h ef i b r e sf r o mt h ea n t e r i o r
c o c h t e a rn u c l e u sp a s s m a i n t yw i t h i n t h e
t r a p e z o ibdo d yt o t h eo p p o s i tsei d ea n df o r m
s ,h i c hp r o v i d eas c o n t h e L a t e r aLIe m n i c u w
nection
t o t h e i n f e r i ocr o L L i c u t A
u sf e wf i b r e s
j o i nt h e [ a t e r aLI e m n i s c uosf t h e s a m es i d e
T h ea x o n so f t h e p o s t e r i ocro c h L e anru c t e u s
c r o s ss u p e r f i c i a LtLoyt h e r h o m b o i df o s s a
a n d e n t e r t h e [ a t e r a LL e m n i s c uosf t h e
o p p o s i tsei d e .
N vestibulocochlearis
[Vlll],
N cochlearis
Nucleus
posterior
cochlearis
Nucleuscochlearis
anterior
Nucleuscorporis
trapezoidei
Ganglion
spirale
cocnteae
Labyrinthus
cochlearis
3 . o r 4 n e u r o n :F r o m t h e i n f e r i o rc o t [ i c u [ u s
c o n n e c t i o na sr em a d ew i t ht h em e d i aqI e n i c ul a t eb o d y
o r 5 n e u r o nT: h e a c o u s t i cr a d i a t i o cn o n eody to
n e c t s t h e m e d i a Lg e n i c u L a t b
H E S C H L ' st r a n s v e r s e q v r u s a n d w i t h
W E R N I C KcEe' sn t r ei n t h e i e m o o r aLt o b e
pathwav;
Auditorv
5i?;lil,,
pathway
Equitibrium
Thalamus -=\
1 n e u r o nB: i p o L acre L t isn t h ev e s t i b u Lgaar n g L i o nT. h e i rn e u r i t e sp a s st h e i n f e r i oar n d
s u p e r i ovr e s t i b u l aarr e a st o f o r mt h ev e s t i b u t a r n e r v ea t t h e f l o o r o f t h e i n t e r n a L
a c o u s t i cm e a t u s ,w h i c h t o g e t h e rw i t h t h e
c o c h L e anr e r v et h e n f o r m s t h e v e s t i b u L o c o c h L e anre r v e[ V l l l ]T h e s ef i b r e st e r m i n a t e
a t t h e v e s t i b u t anru c L ei ni t h e l a t e r aaLn g l e
Nucleus
nervioculomotorii
o f t h e f L o oor f t h e r h o m b o i df o s s a
Nucleus
2 a n ds u b s e q u e n et u r o n sF:i b r e os r i g i n a t i n g
neruitrochlearis
i n t h e L a t e r avLe s t i b u L a
r
n u c L e ulsO f t f f n S '
n u c l e u stlr a v e r s ew i t h i nt h e [ a t e r a L v e s t i b u L o s p i n a L t rtaoct ht ea n t e r i ocro l u m no f t h e
Nucleusvestibularis
s p i n acI o r d .
supenor
F i b r e so r i g i n a t i ni ngt h es u p e r i ovre s t i b u t a r
n u c l e u s{ n u c l e uosf B E C H T E R Et hWe)m, e d i a L Nucleusvestibularis
's
lateralis
v e s t i b u t anru c l e u sI S C H w n f s f n u c t e u sa] s
w e L La s t h e i n f e r i o rv e s t i b u L anru c L e u s
Nucleus
vestibularis
inferior
{ R o L L EsR n u c L e u st}r a v e r s et o t h e c e r e Nucleus
betLum
a n d c o n n e ctto t h e m o t o rn u c [ eoi f
neruiabducentis
t h e c r a n i anLe r v e sl l l , l V a n dV l , m o s t l yv i a
t h e m e d i aLt o n g i t u d i nf aasLc i c u L u s
Nucleus
vestibularismedialis
T h em e d i a L v e s t i b untuacr L e uasn dt h e i n f e r i o rv e s t i b u L n
au
r c l e u s e n df i b r e sa t o n gt h e
Nucleus cuneatus
m e d i a L v e s t i b u l o s pt ri na ac Itt o t h e a n t e r i o r
c o L u monf t h es p i n acI o r d
Fig.721 Equil.ibriumpathway;
OVETVIEW.
+ C o n n e c t i o n st o t h e c e r e b e l t u m
(Tractus
vestibulothalamicus)
Fasciculus
longitudinalis
medialis
Ganglion
vestibulare
Labyrinthus
vestibularis
N vestibulocochlearis
[Vlll],
N vestibularis
Midd[e
Nervesin thepetrouspart of the temporalbone
Chorda tympani
N tympanicus
Plexustympanicus
(Plexuscaroticus
internus)
N caroticotympanicus
N facialis[Vll]
N petrosusmajor
N petrosus
minor
Ganglion inferius(lX)
A carotisinterna
posterior
(N facialis)
N auricularis
N. glossopharyngeus
flXl
(N vagus)
R auricularis
N facialis[Vll]
N vagus [X]
Chordatympani
Fig.722 FaciaL
n e r v e ,N . f a c i a l . i[sV l l ] ;
g t o s s o p h a r y n g enaeI r v e ,N . g L o s s o p h a r y n g eIul Xs l;
a n d v a g u sn e r v e ,N . v a g u s[ X l ;
t h e p e t r o u sp a r t o f t h e t e m p o r a lb o n eh a s b e e np a r t t ys e c t i o n e d ;
t h e n e r v e sa r e i t t u s t r a t e d
transLucentLv:
a n t e r i o rv i e w .
Crurastapedis
M tensortympani,Tendo
N facialis[Vll],
Geniculum
Proc cochleariformis
N petrosusmajor
Ductus semicircularislateralis
I\4 tensortympani
Canalis semicircularis
lateralis
Semicanalis
musculi
tensoristympani
Septum canalis
musculotubarii
Membrana stapedialis
Semicanalistubae auditivae
Eminentiapyramidalis
Promontorium
l\4 stapedius,Tendo
N tympanicus
Caputstapedis
Cavitastympani
N facialis[Vll]
Sinustympani
Canalis nervi facialis
, a v i t a st y m p a n i ;
Fig.723 FaciaL
n e r v e ,N . f a c i a t i s[ V l l ] ,a n d t y m p a n i cc a v i t y C
v e r t i c a sL e c t i o na t o n gt h e [ o n g i t u d i n aatx i so f t h e
p e t r o u sp a r t o f t h e t e m p o r a Ib o n e ;
t h e f a c i a cL a n a Ih a sb e e no p e n e d :
a n t e r i o rv i e w .
N maxillaris[V/21a
N, petrosus
majoro
N ,o p h t h a l m i c[uVs/ 1 ] a
Ganglion geniculi a
a N mandibularis
[V/3]
Chordatympani
Malleus
Ganglion
trigeminale
a
N oculomotorius
llll a
A carotisinternaO
N. trigeminus
[V] O
N.tacialis[Vll]o
N abducens[Vllo
N. vestibulocochlearis
[Vlll]a
Stapes
N glossopharyngeus
IXl o
Proc.mastoideus
N. vagus[X] o
a R. digastricus
N. accessorius[Xl] a
o M stylohyoideus
Sinustransversusa
Canalis
nervl
facialis
o R stylohyoideus
O M. digastricus,Venterposterior
Foramenstylomastoideum
N facialis[Vll] a
Fig.72l. FaciaInerve,N. faciatis[Vll],within the petrous
p a r t o f t h e t e m p o r a [b o n e ,0 s t e m p o r a t eP
, a r sp e t r o s a ;
t h e p e t r o u sp a r t o f t h e t e m p o r a Ib o n ea s w e [ [ a s t h e f a c i a l
c a n a Ia n d t h e t y m p a n i cc a v i t yh a v eb e e np a r t i a l t yo p e n e d ;
oosteriorview.
Canaliculi
semicirculares
Cochlea
Sinustransversus
N lacialis [VllJ
Sinussigmoideus
interna
V jugularis
Fig.725 Lateral projectionof the inner ear.
> Ear
Petrouspart of thetemporalbone,imaging
Cochlea
Cavitastympani;Ossicula
auditus
Porusacusticus
externus
Cellulae mastoideae
Canalissemicircularis
lateralis
Apexpartispetrosae
Os occipitale,
Clivus
Porusacusticus
internus
Canalissemicircularis
Dosterior
Tubaauditiva
Caputmandibulae
Os occipitale,
Clivus
Cellulae mastoideae
Cavitastympani;
Ossicula
auditus
Apexpartispetrosae
Fissura
pekooccipitalis
Cochlea
Porusacusticus
internus
posterior
Canalissemicircularis
F i g . 7 2 6a , b P e t r o u sp a r t o f t h e t e m p o r a Ib o n e ,
0 s t e m p o r a [ eP
, a r sp e t r o s a ;
h i g h - r e s o l u t i ocno m p u t e dt o m o g r a p h i ch o r i z o n t asI e c t i o n sI H R C T ) ;
inferiorview.
a T h r o u g ht h e l a t e r a ls e m i c i r c u L acra n a t ,
C a n a [ i ss e m i c i r c u t a r iLsa t e r a t i s
b I n f e r i o rt o t h e [ a t e r a Is e m i c r r c u [ acra n a t ,
C a n a l i ss e m i c i r c u [ a r ilsa t e r a I i s
F i g . 7 2 7a , b E a r ,A u r i s ;
h i g h - r e s o t u t i ocno m p u t e dt o m o g r a p h i cf r o n t a ls e c t i o n sI H R C T J ;
a n t e r i o rv i e w .
a T h r o u g ht h e b a s eo f t h e c o c h l e a
b T h r o u q ht h e e x t e r n a a
I c o u s t i cm e a t u s
lndex
tnoex
ll
T h e n u m b e r sr e f e r t o t h e p a g en u m b e r s
T h e n u m b e r sw i t h , T " r e f e rt o t h e n u m b e r so f t h e t a b l e si n t h e s e p a r a t eb o o k l e te n c t o s e di n V o [ u m e1
A
A b d o m e n2 , 6
A b d u c t i o[ A r t l c u [ a t i o
coxael10
A - c e [ [ s9
A c h i t t e st e n d o nr e f l e x 3 4 6
o ri n t s A r t i c u A c r o m i o c l a v i c u Lj a
L a t i oa c r o m i o c l a v i c u L a r i s
A c r o m i o n 1 2 0 ,16 0 ,16 2 - 16 5 ,
179-184,226
A D A M K I E W IA
CrZt e, r yo f 3 4 4
A d d u c t i o[ A r t i c u [ a t i o
coxael10
A d e n o h y p o p h y s i2s7 9 ,2 9 5
A d h e s i oi n t e r t h al a m i c a 2 76 ,
295-296, 302,311, 317, 320,328,
334,337
Aditus
- L a r y n g i s1 0 4 ,1 3 0
- o r b i t a L i 3s 5 4
A e q u a t o r3 6 2 , 3 6 6
Ata
- c r i s t a eg a [ [ i 4 0
- [ o b u t ic e n t r a L i s3 0 3 - 3 0 4
- m a j o r 3 1 r4, 2 ,4 6 , 5 3 - 5 7 ,6 6 ,3 5 3 ,
3 5 8 ,3 6 1, 3 7 7, 3 8 8
- m i n o r 3 4 ,4 0 ,5 4 - 5 7 , 3 5 3
- nasi 86
- o s s i si t i u m 3 4 0
- v o m e r i s5 0 ,1 3 6
A l v e oI u s [ -i i
- d e n t a t e s5 5 ,1 0 6
- h i p p o c a m p i3 1 4 - 3 1 5 3
, 28-329,
334-335
AmicuLum
oLivare
309
Ampul[a
- c a n a L i c uLtai c r i m a t i3s5 7
- membranaceanterior393-395
- - l a t e r a t i s3 9 3 - 3 9 4
- - p o s t e r i o r3 9 3 , 3 9 5
- o s s e aa n t e r i o r 3 9 2
- - [ a t e r a t i s3 9 2
- - p o s t e r i o r3 9 2
A n g ut u s ( - i J
- a c r o m i i1 6 0
- i n f e r i o r1 6 0 ,1 8 3
- i r r d o c o r n e a t i3
s 6 2 ,3 6 4
- L a t e r a t i s1 6 0
- m a n d i b u l a e4 5 , 6 0 - 6 2 ,6 7
- o c u L[ia t e r a L i3s 5 2 , 3 5 5
- - m e d i a t i s3 5 2 ,3 5 5
- s p h e n o i d a I i3s4
- s u p e r i o r1 6 0 ,1 8 3
- v e n o s u s2 3
Ansa
- c e r v i c a t i s2 5 ,8 4 , 1 6 4 - 1 1 + 19 5, 1 ,
2 2 8 , 2 7 3T
, 7 ,T 9 - T 1 0
- t i n g u a L i1s 4 4
- s u b c l a v i a2 7 ,1 5 3
- t e n d i n i s{ M d i g a s t r i c u s1i 0 6
A n t e b r a c h i u m2 - 3 , 1 5 7- 1 5 8 ,16 9 ,
179, 192,194-198,236,238-241
- c r o s s - s e c t i o n2 5 4
- f a s c i a1 7 8
- i n n e r v a t i o sn e, g m e n t a 2[ 1 6
- MRr254-255
- m u s c l e s1 8 0 - 1 8 11, 9 2 - 1 9 3 ,
198-204,T31-T35
- t r a n s v e r s es e c t i o n 2 5 5 - 2 5 6
A n t e v e r s i o[ A r t i c u L a t icoo x a e l 1 0
A n t i h e t i x3 8 0
A n t i t r a g u s3 8 0
A n t r u m m a s t o i d e u m3 8 6
AnuLus
- f i b r o c a r t i t a g i n e u3s8 2 ,3 8 4 - 3 8 5 ,
Arcuspalmaris
- - s u p e r f i c i a t i2s2 3 , 2 4 2 , 2 L 4 ,
387
250
- i r i d i sm a j o r 3 6 4 - 3 6 5
- s u p e r c i l i a r i s4 8
- - minor364-365
- v e n o s u jsu g u t a r i s1 1 8 ,1 3 6 ,1 4 3 ,
- t e n d i n e u cs o m m u n i s3 5 8 ,
14 8 , 2 2 9
- v e r t e b r a e3 4 2
360-361,369,T57
- t y m p a n i c u s4 6 - 4 7
- z y g o m a t i c u s3 3 , 4 2 - 4 3 ,5 3 , 6 4 ,
Anus 14
7 2 - 7 3 , 8 3 , 9 1, 1 0 0 ,1 3 7
Aorta 149
Area{-ael
- a b d o m i n a t si s P a r sa b d o m i n a t i s - c o c h l e a r i s3 9 1 - 3 9 2
- h y p o t h a t a m i claa t e r a t i s2 9 5
a or t ae
- a s c e n d e nss P a r sa s c e n d e n s
- n e r v if a c i a l i s3 9 1
- p o s t r e m a2 9 9
aortae
- d e s c e n d e n s P a r sd e s c e n d e n s - p r e t e c t a t i s3 7 0
- striata 370
a or t a e
- t h o r a c i c as P a r st h o r a c i c a
- subcatlosa 295,318,326,
aortae
334-335
- v e s t i b u t a r i s2 9 9
Apertu ra
- c a n a I i c uv[ ie s t i b u I5i 9
- - i n f e r i o r3 9 1
- e x t e r n ac a n a l i c u tci o c h l e a e5 9
- - s u p e r i o r3 9 1
- - c a n a l i sc a r o t i c i4 3 , 2 6 4 , 3 8 8
A r m , m u s c t e s1 8 5 - 1 9 1T, 2 9 - T 3 0
- i n t e r n ac a n a [ i sc a r o t i c 4
i 1 ,2 6 5
A r t e r i a( - a eI
- L a t e r a t i s2 9 8 - 2 9 9 3, 1 0 - 3 11 , 3 3 7
- a t v e o [ a r i isn f e r i o r 6 9 , 71 , ,8 2 - 8 4 ,
- m e d i a n a2 7 6 , 2 9 8 , 3 0 23 ,1 0 - 3 11 ,
1 0 9, 1 1 1 ,1 1 6 - 1 1 7
,258
- - s u p e r i o rp o s t e r i o r7 4 ,8 3
337
- p i r i f o r m i s3 3 , 4 6 , 5 2
- a n g u t a r i s74 , 8 0 ,8 2 - 8 / . ,2 5 8
- s i n u sf r o n t a L i 5s 1
- a u r i c u L a r pi so s t e r i o r1 9 ,7 4 ,
q1
cnhonnirl:li<
6A
82-84,142,145,258
- t h o r a c i s u p e r i o r1 4 9
- - p r o f u n d a8 3
- a x i t t a r i s1 8 ,1 1 8 ,1 4 6 - 1 4 7 1
, 52,
Apex
- l C o r n up o s t e r i u s3) 4 5
214, 223,226,228, 232-233
- c u s p i d i s9 4
- basiLaris258-259,276, 278, 283,
- L i n g u a e1 0 3 ,1 0 7 - 1 0 8
2 94 - 2 9 5 ,3 0 2 ,3 18 - 3 2 0 ,3 2 4 ,3 2 7 ,
- p a r t i sp e t r o s a e5 9 , 2 7 8 - 2 7 9 ,
337,3/.4
- b r a c h i a t i s1 8 ,1 7 0 ,2 2 3 ,2 2 7
3 9 1 ,4 0 0 ,T 5 7
- r a d i c i sd e n t i s9 4
232- 235, 238-240, 252-254
- - s u p e r f i c i a l i s2 3 7
Aponeurosrs
- d o r s a t i s3 1 ,2 4 9
- b u c c a t i s74 , 8 2 - g L ,2 5 8
- [ i n g u a e1 0 4
- c a t t o s o m a r g i n a L2i s5 9 ,2 8 1 , 2 9 4 ,
- m u s c u t bi i c i p i t i bs r a c h i i1 7 8 ,
326,331-334
- c a r o t i sc o m m u n i s1 8 - 1 9 , 2 7 ,
18 9 - 19 0 , 1 9 4 , 2 0 4 , 2 3 2 , 2 3 82,4 0
- p a L a t i n a3 8 8
7 3 - 7L , 7 7, 8 4 , 1 1 5 ,1 1 8 ,1 2 1 ,
- palmaris 178,206, 243,249-250
133- 134,1L0-1 41, 144-155,228,
A p p a r a t u sl a c r i m a l i s3 5 7
258-259, 271-27 2
- - e x t e r n a1 8 - 1 9 , 7 4 , 8 2 - 8 3 , 8 5 ,
A p p e n d i xv e r m i f o r m i s 14 , 16 - 1 7
, 51,
A q u e d u c to f S Y L V T sU S
115 , 1 3 4 ,14 0 ,14 4 - 1 4 7 1
Aqueductus
mesencephali
258-259
- - i n t e r n a1 8 - 1 9 , 1 , 1 , 4 3 , 6 7 , 6 9 ,
A qu e du c t u s
- m e s e n c e p h a t2i 8 7 ,2 9 5 ,2 9 7 ,
74 , 8 2 ,8 5 , 1 0 1 ,10 9 , 1 4 0 - 1 4 1 ,
302,310-3 11. 317,320,323-32/\
146- 1/,7, 258-259,262,
2 64 , 2 6 5 ,2 71- 2 72 , 2 77- 2 79 ,
3 2 8 ,3 3 5 - 3 3 7
- v e s t i b u I i3 9 1
2 8 3 ,2 9 5 ,3 18 - 3 2 0 ,3 3 7 - 3 3 8 ,
3 6 9- 3 74 , 3 76 - 3 7 7, 3 8 9 - 3 9 0 ,
A r a chn o i de a
- m a t e rc r a n i a t i s1 1 6 - 1 1 7 , 2 6 1 ,
3 9 8 - 3 9 9T
, 57
---angiography259
278,282-283,326,330
- - s p i n a l i s3 4 3
---AP-radiograph259
---DSA259
Arcus
- a l v e o [ a r i(sM a n d i b u t a6j0 - 6 1
- c e n t r a L easn t e r o t a t e r a l e 2
s94,
- a n t e r i o ra t t a n t i s 4 5 ,3 4 2
319
^^+^-^-^l;-l^al O
- a o r t a e 1 8 ,2 2 ,2 7 , 1 2 1 ,1 3 6 ,1 5 3 ,
nncrornmadi:le<
?19
272,344
- c a r t i l a g i n icsr i c o i d e a e11 8 ,
- centraLis
retinae116,363,368,
122-126,129,136
370
- costaLi1
- cerebri
anterior259,276-278,
s 79
- d e n t a l i si n f e r i o r 9 3
326,330-337
312,318-321,
- - media259,278,294,
- - s u p e r i o r9 3
- d u c t u st h o r a c i c 2
i 3
318-321
,325-326,329,332,
- patatogLossus92, 102-103
336,338-339
- p a l a t o p h a r y n g e9
- - posterior259,277-278,
u2
s ,1 0 2 - 1 0 3 ,
320-321,
294-295,318,
1 3 6 ,1 3 9 ,1 4 1
- p a f m a r i sp r o f u n d u s2 2 3 , 2 4 2 , 2 4 5
327-328,334-338,370
Arteria[-ae]
- c e r v i c a l i sa s c e n d e n s1 4 5 - 1 4 7 ,
152,154-155,344
- - profunda 152-153
- - s u p e r f i c i a [ i s1 4 5 - 1 4 7 , 1 5 2
- c h o r o i d eaan t e r i o r3 1 8 - 3 ' 1 9 ,
321,370
- c i [ i a r i s { - e s3
] 70,374
- - anterior363
- - p o s t e r i o r ( - e s3l 7 6
---breves363
---tonga363
- c i r c u m f l e x ah u m e r ia n t e r i o r
223,227,232
- - - p o s t e r i o r2 2 3 , 2 2 7 , 2 2 9 ,
231-232,235
- - i t i u mp r o f u n d a1 9
- - s c a p u l a e2 2 7 , 2 3 5
- c o l i c ad e x t r a 1 9
- - m e d i a1 9
- - s i n i s t r a1 9
- c o l l a t e r a t i sm e d i a 2 2 3
- - r a d i a l i s2 2 3 , 2 3 4 - 2 3 5 ,
238-241
- - u t n a r i si n f e r i o r 2 2 3 , 2 3 3 - 2 3 5 ,
238-241
---superior223,233,
238-240,253
- c o m i t a n sn e r v im e d i a n i2 2 3 , 2 3 9
- c o m m u n i c a nasn t e r i o r2 7 8 ,
318-320,326,336
- - p o s t e r i o r2 5 9 , 2 7 8 , 3 1 8 - 3 1 9 ,
327,336-338
- c o n j u n c t i v a l iasn t e r i o r 3 6 3
- c o r o n a r i a e1 9
- d i g i t a t e sd o r s a L e s2 4 6 ,2 5 0
- - p a t m a r e sc o m m u n e s 2 2 3 ,
242-244,250,257
- - - p r o p r i a e2 2 3 , 2 4 2 - 2 4 6 ,
250,257
- d o r s a t i sn a s i 8 5 , 3 7 4 , 3 7 6
- - p e d i s1 8
- e p i g a s t r i ci an f e r i o r1 9
- e p i s c l e r a t i s3 6 3
- e t h m o i d a l iasn t e r i o r4 1 ,2 6 5 ,
3 7 2 , 3 7 4 - 367
- - posterior 374-376
- f a c i a [ i s 1 9 , 6 8 ,74 , 8 1 - 8 5 ,
1 0 9 - 11 0 ,11 6 - 11 8 ,1 4 0 ,1 4 6 - 1 4 9 ,
151,258
- f e m o r a [ i s1 8
- f i b u t a r i s1 8
- f r o n t o b a s a L[i a
s t e r a L i s3 ' 1 8
- - mediati3
s 18,321
- g a s t r i c as i n i s t r a 1 9
- g t u t e ai n f e r i o r1 9
- - s u p e r i o r1 9
- h e p a t i c ca o m m u n i s1 9
- h y p o p h y s i a t i sn f e r i o r 2 9 5
- - superior295
- i l e a l e s1 9
- i t e o c o t i c1
a9
- i t i a c ac o m m u n i s1 8 - 1 9 , 2 2 , 2 7
- - externa18-19,22
- - interna 18-19,22
- i t i o l u m b a t i1
s9
- i n f e r i o r a n t e r i o r c e r e b e2t 5t i9 ,
278,318-319
- - p o s t e r i o r c e r e b e t t2i 5 9 . 2 7 8 ,
318-319
- i n f r a o r b i t a l i s74 , 8 3 - 8 4 ,2 5 8 ,
264,315,378
Index
Arteria[-ae]
Arterial-ael
- i n s u [ a r e s2 9 4
- r e c t a t i sm e d i a 1 9
- i n t e r c o s t a [ i s l - ep
- - s u p e r i o r1 9
s lo s t e r i o r e s
- T e c u T T e nr asd i a L i s2 2 3 ,2 3 8 - 2 4 0
152,344
- - s u p r e m a1 5 2
- - ulnaris 223,235,239-241
- i n t e r o s s eaan t e r i o r2 2 3 , 2 3 9 ,
- r e n a t i s1 8 , 2 2 , 2 7
- s a c r a L i[sa t e r a L i 1
21+1,
248,250
s9
- - c o m m u n i s1 8 , 2 2 3 , 2 3 9
- - m e d i a n a1 9
- - p o s t e r i o r1 9 7 , 2 2 3 , 2 3 9 , 2 4 1 , - s c a p u t a r i s d e s c e n d e1n5s2
- s i g m o i d e a1e9
250
- - T e c u T r e n 2s 2 3 , 2 4 0 - 2 L 1
- sphenopalatina
74 , 8 L , 2 5 8
- i n t r a m u s c u t a r i3s1
- s p i n a L iasn t e r i o r4 1 ,4 3 ,
- i n t r a s e p t a t i s3 1
264-265,318-319, 3LL
- j e j u n a L e1
- - l a t e r a l i s3 4 4
s9
- [ a b i a I i si n f e r i o r 7 4 ,2 5 8
- - p o s t e r i o r3 4 4
- - s u p e r i o r 7 4 ,2 5 8
- spLenic1
a9
- t a b y r i n t h i4 1 ,2 6 5 ,2 7 8 ,3 18 - 3 19
- [ a c r i m a l i s1 1 6 ,3 5 6 ,3 7 2 - 3 7 / + ,
- s u b c l a v i a1 8 - 1 9 , 2 7 , 7 71,2 1 ,1 4 1 ,
376
144-147, 149,152-153,226-229
- [ a r y n g e ai n f e r i o r 1 3 0
- s u b f a s c i a t i3s1
- - s u p e r i o r1 0 8 , 1 1 4 - 1 1 5 ,
- s u b t i n g u a l i s8 4 , 1 1 3 - 1 1 5 1
, 3/+
- s u b m e n t a l i s74 , 8 3 - 8 4 ,1 1 0 ,
130-131,131,137,141,
144-146,151
145-1/+7,258
- [ i e n a L iss A r t e r i as p L e n i c a
- s u b s c a p u [ a r i s2 2 7 ,2 3 2
- [ i n g u a [ i s1 9 ,7 4 ,8 2 , 8 4 - 8 5 1, 1 0 ,
- s u [ c ic e n t r a L i s2 8 1
- - p o s t c e n t r a l i s2 8 1
113-117
, 1 3 4 ,14 0 ,1 4 5 ,1 5 1, 2 5 8
- [ u m b a l e s2 2
- - p r e c e n t r a l i s2 8 1
- m a s s e t e r i c a8 3 ,8 5
- s u p e r i o cr e r e b e t t2i 7 8 ,3 1 8 - 3 1 9 ,
- m a x i L L a r1
i s9 , 6 9 , 7 4 , 8 3 - 8 52 ,5 8
337
- m e n i n g e am e d i a 4 1 , 4 3 , 7 4 ,
- s u p r a o r b i t a l i s8 1 , 116 , 2 5 8 ,
8 3 - 8 4 ,2 5 8 ,2 6 4 - 2 6 5 2
, 6 9 ,2 75 ,
3 7 2 - 3 74 , 3 76 , 3 7 8
- s u p r a s c a p u [ a r i s14 4 , 14 6 - 14 7 ,
2 7 8 ,2 8 0 , 3 7 2
- - p o s t e r i o r4 1 , 4 3 , 1 4 0 ,
1 5 2 ,2 2 7, 2 2 9 , 2 3 5
- s u p r a t r o c h l e a r i s8 2 - 8 3 ,2 5 8 ,
264-265,278
- m e s e n c e p h a l i c a3 e1 9
374,376
- m e s e n t e r i c ai n f e r i o r 1 8 - 1 9 , 2 2 ,
- t e m p o r a t i s6 7
- - m e d i a7 4 , 8 3 - 8 5
27
- - s u p e r i o r1 8 - 1 9 , 2 2 , 2 7
- - p r o f u n d aa n t e r i o r 7 4 ,2 5 8
- m e t a c a r p a l ed
- - - p o s t e r i o r7 4 , 8 3 - 8 4 , 2 5 8
s o r s a t e s2 4 6 ,2 4 8 ,
- - s u p e r f i c i a I i s1 9 , 6 8 ,7 3 - 74 ,
250
- - p a t m a r e s2 4 2 , 2 4 5 , 2 5 0 , 2 5 7
8 0 - 8 5 ,10 9 ,2 5 8
- n a s o p a l a t i n1a1 3
- t e s t i c u L a r i1s8
- n u t r i c i a7
- t h a [ a m o t u b e r a t3i s1 9
- o b t u r a t o r i a' 1 9
- t h o r a c i c ian t e r n a1 9 ,1 4 6 - 1 4 8 ,
- o c c i p i t a l i s1 9 ,74 , 8 2 - 8 4 ,1 0 9 ,
15 2 - 15 3
- - l a t e r a l i s1 4 7 , 2 2 5 , 2 2 7 - 2 2 9
1/,1-1 /+/+,
146- 11+7,259
- - m e d i a l i s3 2 9 - 3 3 0
- - s u p e r i o r2 2 7 , 2 2 9
- ophthaLmica
- thoTacoacromiatis144-1L7, 223,
L \ , 2 5 8 - 2 5 92
, 65,
2 6 7, 2 74 , 2 76 - 2 7 9 , 3 6 9 - 3 7 8
226-228
- o v a r i c a1 8
- t h o r a c o d o r s a l i s2 2 7- 2 2 8
- p a l a t i n a { - aaesJc e n d e n s7 4 , 8 4 ,
- t h y r o i d e ai n f e r i o r ' 1 3 01, 3 3 ,
113,130,140
1 3 9 - 1 4 1, 1 4 6 - 1 4 7, 1 5 2
- - d e s c e n d e n 7s 4 ,2 5 8
- - s u p e r i o r1 9 , 7 4 , 1 1 0 , 1 1 5 ,
- - major 43,102,113,264
13 3 - 13 4 , 1 3 6 ,1 4 0 ,1 / . / + - 1 4, 7
- - minores 264
1 4 9 , 1 5 1 ,514 ,2 5 8
- p a n c r e a t i c o d u o d e niantfies r i o r
- t i b i a t i sa n t e r i o r1 8
- - p o s t e r i o r1 8
19
- p a r i e t a t i sp o s t e r i o r2 8 1
- t r a n s v e r s ac o l l i 1 4 4 - 1 4 5 , 1 4 9 ,
- p e r i c a l t o s a2 9 4 ,3 1 2 ,3 2 0 ,
152,228-229
- - f a c i e i7 / + , 8 3 , 1 1 6 , 2 5 8
326-327,329-330, 334-335
- p h a r y n g eaas c e n d e n s1 9 , 4 1 ,
- t u b e r i sc i n e r e i3 1 9
- t y m p a n i c a n t e r i o r8 3
43,140,258
- p o n t i s3 1 9
- - p o s t e r i o r3 8 4
- p o p t i t e a1 8
- u t n a r i s 1 8 ,1 7 0 ,2 1 1 ,2 2 3 ,
- p r i n c e p sp o t l i c i s2 2 3 ,2 4 2 - 2 4 3 ,
238-210, 242-215,248- 2 49,
245,248
255-256
- p r o f u n d ab r a c h i i1 8 , 2 2 3 , 2 2 7 ,
- u m b i t i c a t i1s9 ,2 2
- v e r t e b r a t i s [ - e s1l 9 , 4 1 ,4 3 , 6 9 ,
232-235,252-253
- - f e m o r i s1 8
10 9 , 1 3 3 ,1 4 6 ,1 5 2 - 1 5 52, 2 8 ,
- - linguae
113,115
258-259,264-265, 278, 283,302,
- p u d e n d ai n t e r n a1 9
318-320,337,344
- p u L m o n a L2i s2
- v e s i c a t iisn f e r i o r1 9
- r a d i a L i s1 8 ,1 7 0 ,2 2 3 ,2 3 6 ,
- z y g o m a t i c o o r b i t a t7
i s4 ,8 2 - 8 3
238-240,242, 244-246,248,
A r t e r ie s
- b r a i n3 1 8
255-256
- - i n d i c i s2 2 3 , 2 4 2 - 2 4 3
- hand242,246
- r a d i c u t a r im
- head 258-259
s a g n a3 4 4
Arteries
- o f A D A M K I E W IsCAZr t e r i ar a d i c u l a n sm a g n a
-
<vcfami.
cirerrl:rion
lR
- u p p e rt i m b 2 2 3
ArterioLa(-ael
- m a c u t a r i si n f e r i o r3 6 7
- - s u p e r i o r3 6 7
- m e d i a t i sr e t i n a e3 6 7
- n a s a l i sr e t i n a ei n f e r i o r3 6 7
---superior367
- t e m p o r a I i rse t i n a ei n f e r i o r3 6 7
---superior367
ArticuLatio{-nesl
- a c r o m i o c L a v i c u L a15r i8s,1 6 0 ,
162,165,182-183,T23
- a t t a n t o a x i a tmi se d i a n a9 2
-
-+l-^+^^^-i^:+-lio(ro,,(uuLL,P,(ouJ
tot
ruz
- carpi 174
- c a r p o m e t a c a r p a L i s ( -1e5s8l ,
1 74 , T 2 3
- - p o t t i c i s1 7 2 - 1 7 L , I 2 3
- c a r t i l a g i n e 9a
- c i n g u lp
i e c t o r a t i s1 5 8 T
, 23
- c o n o i d e a1 0
- c o x a e1 0
- c r i c o a r y t e n o i d e1a2 2 ,1 3 1
- c r i c o t h y r o i d e1a2 5
- c u b i t i1 5 8 , 1 6 8 , T 2 3
- - A P - r a d i o g r a p 1h 7 0
- - frontaIsection
170
- - l a t e r a t r a d i o g r a p1h7 0
-
-
--^il+^l
5d9rr(or
^^-r:^^
ce[[s 347
Association
A s s o c i a t i o tnr a c t s 3 0 6
Attas121,136,344,382
Atrium
- c o r d i sd e x t r u m 2 2
- - s i n i s t r u m2 2
A u d i t i o n3 9 6
.- association
area 291
- p r o j e c t i o na r e a 2 9 1
A u d i t o r yo r g a n 3 9 4 ,T 5 7
A u d i t o r yp a t h w a y3 9 7
A u r i c u [ a3 7 9 - 3 8 0
Auris 379
- interna379,390
- m e d i a3 7 9
A x e so f t h e h u m a nb o d y 1
Axilta 227-229
A x i [ [ a r yf o s s as F o s s aa x i t L a r i s
Axis 45
- e x t e r n u sb u t b i3 6 2
- i n t e r n u sb u [ b i3 5 2
- {Lensl366
- L o n g i t u d i n a l[i A
s r t i c u L a t icoo x a e l
10
- o f r o t a t i o nj,o i n t 11
- o p t i c u s3 6 2
- s a g i t t a [ i sI A r t i c u [ a t i o
coxael10
- t r a n s v e r s a t ilsA r t i c u L a t icoo x a e l
10
B
1 7n
- c y t i n d r i c a1 0
- d i g i t i 1 7 5 ,T 2 3
- h u m e r i 9 , 1 5 8 ,1 6 2 - 1 6 / . ,
18 3 - 18 4 ,T 2 3
- - A P - r a d i o g r a p 1h 6 5
--cT165
- - j o i n t c a v i t y s, t r u c t u r e 9
- - s e c t i o nl i n t h e s c a p u [ apr l a n e l
9,164
- h u m e r o r a d i a t i1s5 8 ,T 2 3
- h u m e r o u t n a r i 1s 5 8 T
, 23
- i n c u d o m a L L e a r3i s8 4
- i n c u d o s t a p e d i a3t i8s4
- i n t e r p h a [ a n g em
a ea n u s 1 7 5 ,
210,T23
- - - d i s t a l e s3 1 , 1 5 8 ,1 7 5
- - - p r o x i m a l e s1 5 8 ,1 7 5
- manus 173
- m e d i o c a r p a t i1s5 8 ,1 7 4 , f 2 3
- m e m b r is u p e r i o r i sT 2 3
---tiberiT23
- m e t a c a r p o p h a t a n g e a [ -1a5e8l ,
1 7 3 ,1 7 5 , 2 0,72 1 3 ,r 2 3
- - p o t t i c i s1 7 2 , 1 7 5
- ossiculorum
a u d i t u s3 8 4
- o v o i d e a1 0
- p t a n a 1 0 ,T 2 3
- r a d i o c a r p a t i s1 5 8 ,1 74 , 2 5 0 ,f 2 3
- radioutnard
i si s t a t i s1 5 8 ,1 6 9 ,
173-171,,204,256,r23
- - p r o x i m a L i1s5 8 , 1 6 9 , 2 5 4 , I 2 3
- s e t t a r i s1 0 ,T 2 3
- s p h e r o i d e a1 0 ,T 2 3
- s t e r n o c L a v i c u t a r1i s5 9 - 16 0 ,T 2 3
- s y n o v i a L i9s
- t e m p o r o m a n d i b u t a r6i2s - 6 3 ,
6 5 - 6 67
, 2-73,83
- - t o m o g r a p h y6 5
- t r o c h o i d e a1 0 ,T 2 3
A s s o c i a t i oa
nr e a s
- a u d i t i o n2 9 1
- m o t o r i c i t y2 9 1
- s e n s o r y s y s t e m2 9 1
- v i s i o n2 9 1
B a s a Ig a n g t i a3 0 9
B a s eo f t h e s k u [ [
.- external surlace L2
- - c o n t e n t s2 6 4
- - Foramina 43,26L
- i n t e r n a Is u r f a c e 4 0 , 2 7 8
- - c o n t e n t s4 1
- - F o r a m i n a4 1 ,2 6 5
Basis
- c o c h l e a e3 9 2
- l C o r n up o s t e r i u s l3 4 5
- c r a n i ie x t e r n a4 2
---ForaminaL3,264
- - interna 40-41,278
---Foramina265
- m a n d i b u l a e6 0
- o s s i sm e t a c a r p 1
i 71,176,250
- p h a [ a n g i s[ M a n u s l 1 7 1 - 1 7 2 , 1 7 5
- s t a p e d i s3 8 3 - 3 8 4
B - c e [ [ s9
B I C H AsTf a t p a ds C o r p u sa d i p o sumbuccae
Bi f ur c a t o
i
- a o r t a e1 8 - 1 9 , 2 2
- c a r o t i d i s7 4 , 1 1 5 , 1 3 4
B [ i n ds p o ts D i s c u sn e r v io p t i c i
B o d y ,s u r f a c e p
, r o j e c t i o no f i n t e r n a Io r g a n s16 - 17
Bones
- o f t h e h a n d 17 2
- o f t h e s k u L [3 4 - 3 5 ,3 8 , 4 6
- t u b u l a rb o n e ,s t r u c t u r e 7
B o T A L Lsod u c t ,t i g a m e n ts D u c t u s
arteriosus
BoWN4A
sN
m e m b r a n es L a m i n a
I i m i t a n sa n t e r i o r
B r a c h i u m 2 - 3 , 1 5 7- 1 5 8 ,16 1 ,
18 5 - 18 7 , 18 9 - 19 1 , 2 3 0 ,2 3 3 - 2 3 4
- arteries 223,235
- c o L L i c ui tni f e r i o r i s2 9 8 - 2 9 9
- - s u p e r i o r i s2 9 8 - 2 9 9 , 3 7 0
- c r o s s - s e c t i o n2 5 2
- f a s c i a1 7 8
- i n n e r v a t i o sn e, g m e n t a 2[ 1 6
Index
Canalisl-esl
Caputlongum
- [ o n g r t u d i n a tmi so d i o t i3 9 1
- - { M t r i c e p sb r a c h i i l1 6 3 - 1 6 4 ,
- m a n d i b u t a e9 9 - 1 0 0
1 7 8 - 1 7 9 1, 8 3 - 19 0 , 2 3 2 - 2 3 4 ,
- m u s c u l o t u b a r i u5s9
252,r30
- n a s o t a c r i m a L5i s2 , 3 5 3
- m a l l e i3 8 2 - 3 8 5 , 3 8 7
- n e r v if a c i a l i s2 7 0 , 3 8 6 , 3 9 1 ,
- m a n d i b u t a e4 5 , 6 0 - 6 1 ,6 3 ,
3 9 8 - 3 9 9T
, 57
65-67,400
- - h y p o g l o s s3i 8 . L 0 - 4 3 , 6 2 .
- m e d i a t eI M t r i c e p sb r a c h i i J1 7 0 ,
264-265,273,278,T57
1 7 8 - 1 7 9 1, 8 5 ,1 8 7- 1 9 1 ,1 9 4 - 1 9 6 ,
- n u t r i c i u s7
198 , 2 0 0- 2 0 2 ,2 3 2 - 2 3 4 2
, 3 8 ,2 5 2 ,
- o p t i c u s 4 0 - 4 1 ,5 4 - 5 5 ,5 7 , 2 6 5 ,
T30
2 7 8 , 3 5 3 , 3 6, 1
3 6 9, 3 7 2 , 3 7 5 , 3 7, 7 - ( N u c t e u sc a u d a t u s l2 9 4 , 2 9 8 ,
T57
3 0 8 - 3 0 93, 1 3 ,3 1 5 - 3 1 73, 2 3 ,
- p a t a t i n um
s ajor55
325-327,331-335,337
- p t e r y g o i d e u s5 5 - 5 6
- o b t i q u u ml M a d d u c t opr o t t i c i s )
nrrinit:lic
aa?
- r a d i c i sd e n t i s9 4
2 0 s ,2 0 9 ,1 3 6
- i n f e r i o vr e n a ej u g u t a r i s
- s e m i c i r c u l a r i s l - e3s7l 9 , 3 9 9
- - anterior390-392,394
- p h a t a n g i sl V a n u s l 1 7 1 - 1 7 2 , 1 7 5
110-141,145,229
- l M e d u L Loab t o n g a t a2) 8 4
- - t a t e r a L i s3 9 0 - 3 9 2 , 3 9 4 , 3 9 8 ,
- p r o f u n d u mI M f l e x o rp o l l i c i s
- ocuti 323-324,359,361-364,
400
b r e v i s l 2 0 5 ,2 0 7 ,2 0 9 ,2 5 7 . T 2 4 ,
- - p o s t e r i o r3 9 0 - 3 9 3 , 4 0 0
3 6 9 - 3 71, 3 74 , 3 7 7- 3 7 8
T36
- - M R t3 6 1
- s p i r a t i s c o c h t e a3e9 1
- r a d i a [ e 1 9 2 ,1 9 5 ,1 9 7 ,2 3 9 , I 3 1
- o t f a c t o r i u s8 8 , 2 76 , 2 8 3 ,2 8 6 ,
- - m o d i o t i3 9 1
- radii 167, 170,197,254
- u L n o c a r p a t i2s 4 9
- s t a p e d i s3 8 3 , 3 9 8
292,318, 337, r57
- s u p e r i o vr e n a ej u g u t a r i s4 1 ,
- s u p e r f i c i a t e2 0 7 ,2 0 9 ,2 4 5 ,2 5 7 ,
p oMi n tT 5 7
CANN0N-B0H
14 0 - 14 1 ,2 6 0 ,2 6 4 - 2 6 5 3
, 82
Capitulum
h u m e r i 1 6 1 ,1 6 8 ,1 7 0
T24,T36
- s u p e r i u s6 7 ,6 9
BURDAC
s tHr a c t s F a s c i c u L u s
C ap s u[ a
- a r t i c u [ a r i sl A r t i c u t a t i oa t t a n t o a x - - t r a n s v e r s u ml M a d d u c t o rp o t t i cuneatus
Bursal-ael
i a l i sI a t e r a L i s1j 2 1
c i s l 2 0 5 ,2 0 7 - 2 0 9 , 1 3 6
- b i c i p i t o r a d i a t1i s6 8 ,1 7 0 ,1 9 5 ,
- - (Articulatio
- u L n a e16 6 ,1 7 2 ,1 74 , 1 7 8 ,2 0 3 ,2 1 0
car- u l n a r e( M f l e x o rc a r p iu l n a r i s l
T29
p o m e t a c a r p a tpi so t t i c i s 1l 7 3
- i n f r a h y o i d e a1 2 4 ,1 2 9 ,1 3 2
- - ( A r t i c u t a t ci ou b i t i l 1 6 8
186,192,240,T31
- m u s c u t ci o r a c o b r a c h i a l i s
- - [ A r t i c u [ a t ihou m e r i l9 ,
- - [ M p r o n a t otre r e s ] 1 7 0 ,1 8 6 ,
18 3 - 18 4
162-163,183-184
1 9 2 ,1 9 7, 2 0 4 , 2 3 9 , 1 3 1
- s u b a c r o m i a t i s1 6 3 - 1 6 4 ,
- - (Articu[atin
oterphalangea
C a r d i o v a s c u t as ry s t e m
- arteries 18
18 3 - 18 4
0 r s t a U sJi I
- s u b c u t a n eoat e c r a n 1
- - [ A r t i c u L a t im
- o v e r v i e w1 8 , 2 0 , 2 3
i 7 0 ,1 7 8
o etacarpopha- s u b d e t t o i d e1a8 3 ,1 9 1
- veins 20
t a n g e a l1 7 3 ,1 7 5 ,2 0 7 ,2 1 3
- s u b t e n d i n em
a u s c u t si u b s c a p u - - - l A r t i c u t a t i or a d i o u [ n a r i so r s C a r p ajIo i n t
'
1
6
9
,
- d i s t a t sA r t i c u t a t i o
t a r i s 1 6 2 ,1 8 4 ,T 1 8
tatisl
173,20L
- synoviaLi1
- - l A r t i c u l a t i os t e r n o c t a v i c u L a r i s ] m e di o c ar p aI i s
s 62
- p r o x i m a sI A r t i c u L a t iroa d i o 159
- - l A r t i c u t a t itoe m p o r o m a n d i b u c ar p aI r s
t a r i s l 6 2 - 6 3 ,6 6 - 6 1 ,7 2 - 7 3
C a r p atIu n n e l 2 5 6
.r;.^.n/t6hnidor
l??
C a r p o m e t a c a r p jaoti n t o f t h e
- - c r i c o t h y r o i d e1a2 3 , 1 2 6 - 1 2 7
C a e c u m1 4
t h u m bs A r t i c u t a t icoa r - c u p u l a r e3 9 3
- externa 294,308-309,326-328,
p o m e t a c a r p a Lpi so [ [ i c i s
'1'1) -2't /,
- v e s t i b u t a r e3 9 3 - 3 9 4
j oI i n t s l l - V s A r Carpometacarpa
- extrema 294, 308-309,326-328,
C a l c a n e u sd, e v e L o p m e n8t
t i c u [ a t i o n e cs a r p o m e t a c a r p a t e s
C a L c aarv i s 3 1 3 - 3 1 63, 2 9 ,3 3 3 - 3 3 4
332-334
C a r p u s 15 8 ,2 5 6
- i n t e r n a 2 7 7 ,2 9 / . ,2 9 6 ,3 0 7- 3 0 9 ,
- t T a n s v e r ssee c t i o n 2 5 6
CaLvaria
39,261
Ca[x 5
3 14 - 3 16 , 3 2 1 ,3 2 5 - 3 2 9 3, 3 1- 3 3 5 ,
C a r t i L a g i n oj uo si n t 9
Camera
3 3 7 - 3 3 8 3, 5 0
C ar t iL a go( -ine s J
- anteriob
- - o r g a n i s a t i o3n0 8
- a t a r i s ( - e sml a j o r 6 9 , 8 6 - 8 81, 3 6
r u t b i3 6 2 , 3 6 4
- p o s t e r i o rb u t b i 3 6 2 ,3 6 4
- tentis366
- - m i n o r e s8 6
- p o s t r e m ab u t b i 3 6 2 , 3 6 9
- a r t i c u t a r i s7 , 9
C a p u t2 - 3 , 6 , 3 2 , 1 3 6
- v i t r e as C a m e r ap o s t r e m ab u I b i
- brevelMbicepsbrachi1
- a r y t e n o i d e a1 2 2 - 1 2 8 1
, 3 1 ,1 5 4
i l7 8 ,
- auricuLae
C a n a lo f S c H L E N 4sMS i n u sv e n o s u s
182-184,186, 188-190, 232-233,
10 9 ,3 8 0 ,3 8 2
- c o r n i c u l a t a1 2 2 - 1 2 3 1
s c[ e r a e
r29
, 25-128,
- c o m m u n el M m f t e x o r e s 1l 7 0 ,
Canaticutusl-ii
139
- c o c h t e a e3 9 3
- c o s t a t i s1 5 9
1 96 - 1 9 8
- [ a c r i m a t i s ( - e3
- c r i c o i d e a1 1 4 ,1 1 8 ,1 2 2 ,1 2 7 ,
s ]5 3
- - i n f e r i o r3 5 7
- h u m e r a t eI M f l e x o rc a r p iu t 133,154,156
- - s u p e r i o r3 5 7
- c u n e i f o r m i s1 2 7 , 1 3 9
n a r i s ] 1 8 6 ,1 9 2 , 2 4 0 , f 3 1
- mastoideu4
- - ( M f l e x o rp o L L i c [i so n g u s ]
- e p i g L o t t i c a4 5 ,1 0 4 ,1 2 2 - 1 2 / + ,
s2,264
C an aI is [ - e s l
1 9 7, 1 3 2
129,133, 136
- a n a l i s1 4
- - ( M p r o n a t o r t e r e s1) 7 0 , 1 8 6 ,
- L a r y n g i s1 2 2 - 1 2 3 , 1 2 5
- c a r o t i c u s4 1 - 4 3 ,5 9 ,2 6 4 - 2 6 5 .
- m e a t u sa c u s t i c i3 8 0
192,204,T31
- humeri161,164-165
- nasi86
278,385-389,391
- carpi209,219,249
- humerouLnare
- - a c c e s s o r i a e8 6
1 8 6 ,1 9 2 ,1 9 5 , f 3 1
- c e n t r a L3i s0 2 . 3 1 0 - 13 13 2 0 , 3 3 7 , - i n f e r i u s6 7 , 6 9
- - [ a t e r a I i s8 6 , 8 8 ,1 0 9
- l a t e r a [ e{ M t r i c e p sb r a c h i i J
- s e p t in a s i 8 6 - 8 7
345-346
- c o n d y l a r i s4 0 - 4 2 ,2 6 4 - 2 6 5
- t h y r o i d e a1 0 4 ,1 0 8 ,1 1 4 - 1 1 5 ,
1 7 8 - 1 7 91, 8 3 ,1 8 5 ,1 8 7 - 1 8 81, 9 1 ,
- d i p t o i c2
i 61
, 36-137
200-201,221,234,252,130
11 8 ,1 2 2 - 1 2 7
,
, 1 2 9 - 1 3 41
- i n c i s i v u s3 8 ,5 0 - 5 1 8
- [ o n g u m{ M b i c e p sb r a c h i i )
, 7 , 11 3
1 3 9 ,1 1 9 ,1 5 4 ,1 5 6
- i n f r a o r b i t a t i5s4 - 5 5 ,1 0 0 ,
- t r a c h e a t e s1 2 3 - 1 2 4 1
16 2 - 16 5 ,1 8 2 - 1 8 4 1, 8 6 , 18 8 - 19 1 ,
, 26-127,
268-269.353
232,r29
129,132-134,137,156
Brachium
- t y m p h a t i c s2 2 4
- N4R2
t 52-253
- m u s c t e s 1 7 9 - 1 9 21
, 94-198,
200-204, 206-213, T29-T30
- nerves232,235
- t r a n s v e r s es e c t i o n 2 5 3
- v e s s e [ s2 3 2
B r a i ns E n c e p h a t o n
Brainstem 286,293, 298-299,320
B r e g m a3 6
B r o n c hpi r i n c i p a t e 1
s4
B R O W N - S E o U AhReDm' si p l e g i a
351
Butbusl-il
- a o r t a e1 9
c
Cartitago[- ines)
- triticea 123,126-127
- t u b a ea u d i t i v a e14 1, 3 8 8 - 3 8 9
C ar u nc u [ a
- L a c r i m a l i s3 5 2 , 3 5 7
- sublinguali1
s 1 1 - 1 1 21, 1 4
C au d a
- equina24,340-344
- h e l i c i s3 8 0 - 3 8 1
- ( N u c t e ucsa u d a t u s 2l 9 4 , 3 0 9 ,
3 16 - 3 1 7, 3 2 7- 3 2 9 , 3 3 2 - 3 3 5 .
338-339
c a u d a I i Is= i n f e r i o r1l
C a v i t a s- (t e s J
- a r t i c u L a r i s[ A r t i c u t a t i o c u b i t i ]
-
170
- (Articutath
i ou m e r i i 9 , 1 6 5
c o n c h a e3 8 0
c o r o n a e9 4
dentis 94
g L e n o i d a t i1
s 6 0 ,1 6 4 - 1 6 5 1
, 84
i n f r a g t o t t i c a1 2 9 ,1 3 3
m e d u l l a r i s7 , 1 7 5
n a s i 1 4 ,5 1 , 5 4 ,6 2 , 6 9 ,8 8 ,9 1 ,
10 9 ,3 6 1
- oris 14,92,102-103
- - p r o p r i a1 4 ,1 0 3
- p h a r y n g i s1 3 1
- s y n o v i a t i s11
- t y m p a n i 1 0 1 , 3 7 9 , 3 8 23, 8 5 - 3 8 7 ,
3 9 1 , 3 9 4 , 3 9 84, 0 0
C a v u ms e p t ip e L t u c i d3i1 5 , 3 1 7 , 3 3 1
C e L I[uae
- ethmoidales 44-45,53-54, 68,
8 9 , 1 16 , 3 2 3 ,3 5 8 ,3 6 1 ,3 7 7- 3 7 8
- - a n t e r i o r e s8 8 , 9 0 - 9 1 ,T 5 7
- - m e d i a e9 0
- - p o s t e r i o r e s9 0 - 9 1 , T 5 7
- m a s t o i d e a e4 4 - 4 5 ,1 0 1 ,3 8 2 ,
3 8 6 ,4 0 0 ,T 5 7
- p n e u m a t i c a e3 8 9
- tympanicae
386,391
C e m e n t u m9 4
C e n t r u ms e m i o v a [ e2 9 3 ,3 1 2
C e r e b e t t o p o n tei na n g L e2 70 - 2 71 ,
T57
C e r e b e t t u m2 5 ,2 8 4 ,2 8 6 ,3 0 2 - 3 0 5 ,
3 0 7 ,3 10 , 3 2 4 ,3 2 8 , 3 3 5 3
, 4 0 ,3 5 0 ,
396
Cerebrah
I e m i s p h e r e s2 8 9
- c o r t i c a t a r e a2
s91
- gyri 287,289-290
- sulci 287,289
Cerebrum 24-25, 285-286, 288,
3 4 0 ,3 7 0
Cervix
- { C o r n up o s t e r i u s l3 4 5
- cT 135
- d e n t i s9 4
-saneck
C h i a s m ao p t i c u m2 76 - 2 7 7 ,2 7 9 ,
286-287, 292-293,295,297, 302,
311, 318, 320, 323-324,327, 361,
369-371,T57
C h o a n a4 3 , 4 7 , 9 3 , 1 3 9
Ch o r da[ - a e ]
- o b l i q u a1 6 8 - 1 6 9 , 1 9 2
- tympani 8/+,269-270, 275,382,
3 8 4 - 3 8 53
, 8 7 ,3 9 8 - 3 9 9 T
, 57
Choroidea362-364,368
C i t i a3 5 2 ,3 5 5 , 3 7 8
Cingutum
- l L e r e D r u m iJ U o
- m e m b r ii n f e r i o r iss C i n g u t u m
pe[vicum
- - s u p e r i o r is C i n g u t u m
pectoraLe
Index
Cingulum
Crista[-aeJ
Commissura
Corpusl-ora)
- p e c t o r a t e6 , 1 5 8 ,1 6 0
- t u b e r c u tm
- l F o r n i x l2 9 2 - 2 9 3 , 2 9 5 , 3 3 3 , 3 3 7 - c i l i a r e3 6 2 - 3 6 5 , 3 6 9
i a j o r i s1 6 1 - 1 6 2
- p e l v i c u m6
- - minoris 161-162
- h a b e n u l a r u m2 9 5 , 3 0 6 , 3 1 7 , 3 3 7 - c l a v i c u t a e1 5 9
- t a t e r a t i ps a t p e b r a r u m
- {Fornix2
Circulation
352,355
l 9 2 - 2 9 5 , 3 1 5 - 3 1 6 , 3 2 0 . v e s t i b u t3i 9 2
- foelal 22
- z y g o m a t i c o a t v e o l a r4i s9 , 5 3
- m e d i a l i sp a l p e b r a r u m3 5 2 ,3 5 5
327,332
- p o s t n a t a l2 2
- g e n i c u t a t u ml a t e r a l e 2 9 7 - 2 9 9 ,
- p o s t e r i o r2 9 5 , 2 9 8 , 3 0 6 , 3 1 7 ,
C r u s { - r a l2 - 3 , 3 8 4
- a n t e r i u sl C a p s u t ai n t e r n a l 2 9 6 ,
Circulus
307,328,335,370-371,f57
320,334,337
- a r t e r i o s ucse r e b r (i W t L L t S2 l7 8 ,
- - m e d i a l e2 9 7 - 2 9 9 , 3 2 8 , 3 3 5 ,
307-308,326,333-335,338
C o m m i s s u r at rl a c t s 3 0 6
- - ( S t a p e s J3 8 3 - 3 8 4
318-319
C o m p u t e dt o m o g r a p h y[ C T l ,s h o u l 370,396-397
- - i r i d i sm a j o r 3 6 3
- a n t i h e t i c i 3s 8 0
- humeri7,161,168,170,184,
d e rj o i n t 1 6 5
- - - minor363
- b r e v e3 8 3 - 3 8 4 , 3 8 7
Concha(-ae)
190
- c e r e b r i2 7 7 , 2 9 7 , 3 0 1 , 3 3 6
- a u r i c u l a e3 8 0
- i n c u d i s3 8 3 - 3 8 5 , 3 8 7
Circumferentia
- a r t i c u l a r i s l R a d i u1
- [Fornix2
- n a s a l i s i n f e r i o3r 4 , 4 4 , 5 1 - 5 2 ,
- l i n g u a e1 0 3 , 1 0 7
s l6 7 - 1 6 9
] 92-293,302,313-317,
- - lutnal 166
- mamillare 286-287,292-293,
323,328-329,331-332,337-338
5 4 , 6 8 , 8 7 - 8 8 ,9 0 , 1 1 6 - 1 1 7 , 1 3 9 ,
Cisterna
357
2 9 5 , 2 9 7 , 3 0 2 , 3 0 9 , 3 2 0 , 3 2 4 , 3 2 7 -, h e l i c i s3 8 0
- a m b i e n s2 7 7 , 2 8 3 , 3 2 8 - 3 2 9 ,
- laterate{Cartilagoatarismajorl
- - m e d i a 3 4 ,1 , 4 , 5 1 , 5 L , 6 8 ,
336-337,370
- m a n d i b u l a e3 4 , 4 4 - 4 5 , 6 0 - 6 1
334-T7,f57
86,88
8 7 - 8 8 ,9 0 ,1 0 9 ,1 3 9 ,3 7 8 , T 5 7
- c e r e b e l t o m e d u t l a2r8i s3 , 3 1 1 , 3 2 4 - - s u p e r i o r5 1 , 8 8 ,T 5 7
- l o n g u m3 8 3 - 3 8 4 , 3 8 7
- m a x i L L a3e5 3
- chiasmatica
283,295,311,336
m e d i a t e{ C a r t i l a gaol a r i sm a j o r l
s p h e n o i d a t i5s6
m e d u l l a r ec e r e b e t t3i 0 5
- chyti 23
- ( N u c l e u sc a u d a t u s ]2 9 4 , 2 9 6 ,
C o n d u c t i o na n a e s t h e s i af i,n g e r
85-87
- f o s s a el a t e r a l i sc e r e b r i 2 8 3 ,
251
2 9 8 , 3 1 4 - 3 1 7 , 3 2 7 - 3 2 8 , 3 3 1 , 3 3 8 - m e m b r a n a c e u mc o m m u n e
- ( O sh y o i d e u m )1 1 5 , 9 2 , 1 0 5 - 1 0 7 ,
3 2 6 - 3 2 9 , 3 3 2 - 3 3 63,3 8 - 3 3 9
393
Condytus
- i n t e r p e d u n c u l a r2i s8 3 , 2 9 5 , 3 1 1 , - h u m e r i 1 6 1
- - s i m p l e x3 9 3
126,132
- o c c i p i t a t i3s 5 , L 2 - 4 3 , 1 3 7 , 3 8 8
- ( O ss p h e n o i d a t e5J0 - 5 1 , 5 5 - 5 6 ,
323,327,T57
o s s e u mc o m m u n e3 9 2
- l a m i n a et e r m i n a l i s3 2 6
- - s i m p L e x3 9 2
C o n ec e t t s 3 6 3 , 3 7 0
6 2 ,1 3 6 , 3 5 3
- p e r i c a [ [ o s3a1 1 , 3 2 6 , 3 2 8 - 3 2 9 , C o n f t u e nssi n u u m 2 6 0 ,2 6 2 , 2 7 6 ,
- p o s t e r i u {sC a p s u [ian t e r n a ]2 9 6 ,
- o s s i sm e t a c a r p 1
i 71
- p h a l a n g i sl V a n u s l 1 7 1 - 1 7 2 , 2 5 7
332,334-335
308,333-335
311,322
- p o n t i s3 2 7
- p i n e a l es G [ a n d u l p
- - ( S t a p e s3) 8 3 - 3 8 4 , 3 9 8
C o n i o t o m y1 1 8
ai n e a l i s
- p o n t o c e r e b e t t a r i2s8 3 , 2 9 4 , 3 1 1 , C o n n e x u si n t e r t e n d i n e2i 1 0 - 2 1 1
- radii 167-168,203
C r y p t a et o n s i t l a r e s1 0 3
- s t r i a t u m3 5 0
327,f57
C u b i t a1 5 8
Conus
- q u a d r i g e m i n a t3i s2 9
- trapezoideum
- e t a s t i c u s1 2 4 - 1 2 5 , 1 2 9 , 1 3 3
397
C u t m e n3 0 2 - 3 0 4
- ulnae 166,168,203
C l a u s t r u m 2 9 4 , 3 0 8 - 3 0 9 , 3 2 6 - 3 2 8 , - m e d u l l a r i s3 4 0 , 3 4 2 - 3 L 3
C u n e u s2 9 0 , 2 9 2 , 3 3 1 - 3 3 3
- u n g u i s3 1
332-335,339
C u p u t ac o c h t e a e3 9 1 - 3 9 4
Cor 16-18,20,30
C t a v i c lse C l a v i c u l a
C o r i u ms D e r m i s
v e r t e b r a e1 3 5 ,1 5 4 - 1 5 5
C u s p i sd e n t i s9 4
- vitreum 361-362
CtavicuL6
a , 1 0 5 ,11 8 - 1 2 0 ,1 3 5 ,
C u t a n e o u si n n e r v a t i o n
C o r n e a3 5 9 ,3 6 2 - 3 6 5 , 3 7 8 , f 5 7
- h e a d7 9
1 L / + , 1 4 7 , 1 4 9 , 1 5 2 , 1 5 5 , 1 5 8 - 1C6o0r, n u
Cortex
- c e r e b e l t3i 0 5
- neck 79
1 6 2 - 1 6 5 , 1 7 8 - 1 8 0 , ' 1 8 2 - 1 8 3 , 1 8 5- , a n t e r i u sl M e d u t t a
spinatis)
- s e g m e n t a tu, p p e rt i m b 2 1 6
- cerebri261
189-190,226
345-346,349-350
- dextra 135
- frontale277,293-294,296,298, - tentis366
C u t a n e o u sn e r v e s ,u p p e rL i m b
C t a w h a n d , u l n a r n e r vpea l s y2 2 0
3 1 0 - 3 1 1 , 3 1 3 , 3 1 5 - 3 1 7 , 3 2 0 - 3 2 1C, o r t i c a l a r e a s
216-217
- c e r e b r ahl e m i s p h e r e 2s 9 1
C L E L A N DLS
i g a m e n2t 4 9 - 2 5 0
323,326-327,331-334,337
C u t i s3 1 , 2 5 2 , 2 5 6 , 2 6 1
- i n f e r i u s( C a r t i t a g o
- f u n c t i o n aal c c o r d i n gt o F O E R S T E RC y m b ac o n c h a e3 8 0
C t i t o r i s 15
thyroideal
C t i v u s4 0 , 5 1 ,6 2 , 1 3 8 - 1 3 9 4
, 00,f57
1 2 2 - 1 2 31
, 26-127
291
, 130
- l a t e r a t el l t l e d u l t as p i n a t i s l
C o c h l e a3 7 9 , 3 8 2 , 3 9 0 - 3 9 2 , 3 9 1 + ,
C o s t a t - a e ]6 , 1 3 5 , 1 4 7 , 1 4 9 ,
399-400
D
345-346
152-153,155,229,31,0,342
- m a l u s 6 7 , 9 2 , 1 0 5 - 1 0 8 , 1 1 1 , 1 1 3 ,C r a n i anl e r v e s2 5 - 2 6 , 2 6 6 ,
ColLicutus[-iJ
- [Cartitagoarytenoide
1a
2 )2
123,126-127,130,132,137-139, 276-277,301,T55,T57
D e c i d u o u s t e e t9h7 - 9 8
- f a c i a t i s2 9 9 , 3 1 1
- f i b r eq u a l i t i e sT 5 6
141
D e c l i v e3 0 2 - 3 0 4
- i n f e r i o r2 7 6 , 2 9 6 , 2 9 8 - 2 9 9 , 3 2 9 , - m i n u s 9 2 , 1 0 5 - 1 0 8 , 1 2 3 ,
- n u c l e i3 0 0 - 3 0 1
Decussatio(-nesl
- - motor 350
- L e m n i s c o r u m3 4 8
336,396-397,f57
126-127,132
- s u p e r i o r2 7 6 , 2 8 7 , 2 9 6 - 2 9 9 , 3 2 9 , - o c c i p i t a t 2
- peduncutorumcerebetLarium
e9 4 , 2 9 6 , 3 1 0 - 3 1 1 ,
c r a n i a t i s { = s u p e r i o1r J
335,370-371
3 1 3 - 3 1 6 , 3 2 3 , 3 2 9 , 3 3 3 - 3 3 4 , 3 3 8C r a n i u m6 , 3 3 - 3 4 , 3 6 - 3 8 , 4 4 - 4 7
s u p e r i o r u m3 0 2 , 3 0 5
- p y r a m i d u m2 8 6 , 3 0 7 , 3 0 9 , 3 1 + 2
C o t t u m 2 - 3 , 6 , 3 2 , 1 3 6 , 1 1 + 8 - 1 1 , 9 , - p o s t e r i u s( M e d u t t as p i n a t i s )
C r e m a s t e r i cr e f l e x 3 4 6
154-156
D e e ps e n s i b i l i t yu, n c o n s c i o u s3 4 9
345-3L6
Crista{-ael
- a n a t o m i c u m1 6 1
- s u p e r i u sl C a r t i t a gtoh y r o i d e a )
- a m p u t t a r i s3 9 5
D E I T E RnSu'c l e u s3 9 7
- chirurgicum
- a r c u a l a1 2 2
161,183,191
122-127,130,132,139
Densl-tesJ
- mallei 383,387
- t e m p o r a t e2 7 7 , 2 9 3 - 2 9 L ,
- b a s i t a r i s3 9 4
- axis 44-45,324
- m a n d i b u t a e6 1 , 6 3
- c a n i n u s9 3 - 9 5 , 9 7 , 9 9 - 1 0 0 , 1 0 2 ,
- c o n c h a L i s { M a x i t4t a9 l
309-311,314-315,323-325,
- radii 167-170
- e t h m o i d a t i4
112
327-329,335-336,338-339
s 9 ,5 1
- s c a p u l a e16 0 , 16 5
- f e n e s t r a ec o c h l e a e3 9 2
- d e c i d u i 4 6 ,6 1, 9 4 - 9 5 , 9 8 - 9 9
Corona
- c l i n i c a9 4
- f r o n t a l i s3 9 - 4 0
- i n c i s i v i4 4 , 9 3 - 9 5 , 9 7 , 9 9 - 1 0 A ,
C o t o n1 6 - 1 7
- a s c e n d e n s1 4
- d e n t i s9 4
- g a t t i3 8 , 4 0 , 4 4 , 5 0 - 5 1 , 5 4
102,112,156
- d e s c e n d e n 1s 4
- r a d i a t a3 3 0
- m o l a r i s ( - e s5l 4 , 6 8 , 9 3 - 9 5 ,
- infratemporal4
i s2 , 5 6 , 6 6
- s i g m o i d e u m1 4
- L a c r i m a t ai sn t e r i o r4 9 , 5 1 + - 5 5 ,
C o r o n a r py l a n es f r o n t a p
l tane
97-100,102,112,116-117
- t r a n s v e r s u m1 4
- - lll 93,99,102,112
Corpusl-oral
353
- a d i p o s u mb u c c a e7 0 , 7 2 ,1 0 9 ,
- - p o s t e r i o r5 4 - 5 5 , 3 5 3
- p e r m a n e n t e9
Columnal-ael
s4-99
- anterior345-3/.6
- p r e m o t a r e s9 3 , 9 7 , 9 9 - 1 0 0 , 1 0 2 ,
- m u s c u t is u p i n a t o r i s1 6 6
117
- fFornix2
- n a s a l i s( M a x i [ L a8l7
] 9 2 , 2 9 5 , 2 9 8 , 3 0 2 , 3 0 9 , - - o r b i t a e1 1 6 , 3 5 4 , 3 6 1 , 3 6 9 ,
112
- s e r o t i n u s D e n sm o l a r i sl l l
- - [ 0 s p a t a t i n u m3) 8
315-317,323,327,332-335
372,378
- i n t e r m e d i a3 4 5 - 3 t 6
- - p r e e p i g l o t t i c u m1 2 3 - 1 2 4 ,
- occipitalisextern3
D e n t i n u m9 4
a7
- p o s t e r i o r3 4 5 - 3 4 6
- - i n t e r n a4 0 , 5 7
126,129,136
D e r m a t o m e s2 1 6
- vertebrati6
- amygdaloideum
- s p h e n o i d a l i5s 0 , 5 6
s
292-294,327,
D e r m i s2 6 1
- s u p r a e p i c o n d y t a rLi sa t e r a t i s
Commissura
336,338
DESCEN4E
mTe' m
s b r a n es L a m i n a
- a t b aa n t e r i o r3 4 5
- c a l l o s u m2 7 6 , 2 8 7 - 2 8 8 ,
161,170,253
L i m r t a npso s t e r i o r
- a n t e r i o r2 7 6 , 2 9 2 - 2 9 3 , 2 9 5 , 2 9 8 , 2 9 2 - 2 9 5 , 2 9 8 , 3 0 2 , 3 0 6 - 3 0 7 , 3 0 9-, - m e d r a l i s1 6 1 , 1 6 8 , 1 7 0
D e s m o d o n t i u m sP e r i o d o n t i u m
- s u p r a m a s t o i d e5a8
302,306,311,317,320,324.327, 312,314-317,320,32L-329,
D i a p h r a g m a1 6 - 1 7 , T 7
- t r a n s v e r s a3 9 1 - 3 9 2
- sellae 279
334-335,337-338,345
331-334,337
lndex
Diaphysi7
s
- ( R a d i u s1
l 77
- ( U t n a l1 7 7
D i e n c e p h a l o n2 8 4 ,2 8 8 ,2 9 7
Digestive
t r a c t ,o v e r v i e w1 4
D i g i t u s( M a n u s|) 1 5 8
- a n u [ a n s1 5 7 ,1 7 1
- m e d i u s1 5 7 , 1 7 1 , 2 5 7
- m i n i m u s1 5 7 ,1 7 1
- p r i m u ss P o t t e x
- q u a r t u ss D i g i t u sa n u [ a r i s
- q u i n t u ss D i g i t u sm i n i m u s
- secundus lndex
- t e r t i u ss D i g i t u sm e d i u s
D I Pl d i s t a itn t e r p h a L a n g jeoai In t l
175
D i p t o e3 9 , 4 5 , 2 6 1 , 2 8 0
Di s cu s
- a r t i c u [ a r i s[ A r t i c u t a t i o
radioutn a r i sd i s t a [ i s 1
l 74
- - l A r t i c u t a t i os t e r n o c l a v i c u t a r i s l
159
- - (Articulatio
temporomandibut a r i s J6 3 - 6 7 ,8 3
- i n t e r v e r t e b r a [ i s1 5 3
- n e r v io p t i c i 3 6 2 , 3 6 7
distat 93-94
d i s t a I i s1
Di v i s i o n e s
- d o r s a L el sP t e x u sb r a c h i a t i s2l 1 4
- v e n t r a L elsP t e x u sb r a c h i a t i s l
214
D o r s a La p o n e u r o s i s2 5 7
dorsalis1
D o r s u m3
- [ i n g u a e9 2 . 1 0 2 - 1 0 3 1
, 0 7 ,1 1 3 ,
141
- m a n u s4 , 1 5 7 , 2 4 7 - 2 4 8
- - c u r a n e o uIsn n e r v a u o n
, gse
m e n t a L2 5 1
- p e d i s4 - 5
- s e l l a e3 8 ,4 0 ,5 0 ,5 6 ,6 2 , 2 7 9
D u c t u [ ie x c r e t o r iIiG t a n d u t a
t a c n m a t r sJt c 6 - J c /
Du c t u s -( u s l
- a r t e r i o s u s[ B o r A L L o 2
]2
- c o c h l e a r i s3 8 2 ,3 9 3 - 3 9 5
- d e f e r e n s1 5
- e n d o l y m p h a t i c u3
s93
- l y m p h a t i c u sd e x t e r 2 3
- nasolacrimat8
i s8 , 3 5 7
- p a r o t i d e u s6 8 ,7 0 ,7 2 - 7 3 ,8 0 ,
109-110,116,137
- r e u n i e n s3 9 3 - 3 9 4
- s e m i c i r c u l a r ai sn t e r i o r3 9 0 ,
393-395
- - [ a t e r a I i s3 9 0 ,3 9 3 - 3 9 5 , 3 9 8
- - p o s t e r i o r3 9 0 ,3 9 3 , 3 9 5
- s u b t i n g u a t i s { - emsai j o r 1 1 1 , 1 1 4
- - m i n o r e s1 1 1 , 1 1 / +
- s u b m a n d i b u t a r1i1s 0 - 1 1 11,1 1 ' ,
116-117
- t h o r a c i c u s2 3 , 2 2 9
- u t r i c u l o s a c c u [ a r i3s9 3
- v e n o s u s[ A R A N T I u s2]2
14,16
Duodenum
D u r am a t e r
- c r a n i a l i s 1 1 6 - 1 1 7 2, 6 1- 2 6 2 ,
2 7 8 - 2 8 1 , 3 6 93, 8 9 ,3 9 3 ,T s 7
- s p i n a I i s 1 3 6 ,1 5 4 ,3 4 2 - 3 4 3
Eminentia
- a r c u a t a3 8 , 5 9
- c o t t a t e r a l i s3 1 4 ,3 3 5 - 3 3 6 3
, 39
- c r u c i f o r m i s5 7
- h y p o t h e n a rsi s H y p o t h e n a r
- mediatis 298-299
- pyramidali3
s86-387,398
- thenaris Thenar
E n a m e t u m9 4
E n c e p h a L o2n8 2 ,2 8 4 ,3 2 3 - 3 2 L .
327,332,340,370
- a r t e r l e s3 1 8
- d e v e l o p m e n t2 8 4
- f r o n t a Is e c t i o n 3 2 6 - 3 2 9
- h o r i z o n t a t s e c t i o3n3 0 - 3 3 1 ,
333-336
- m e d i a ns e c t i o n3 3 7
- MRr 323-325
- s a g i t t a Is e c t i o n3 3 7 - 3 3 9
- v e n t r i c t e3 1 0
E n d o c r i n eo r g a n s 3 0
Ependymum
313,315-316
Ep i c o nd y L u s
- l a t e r a l i sl H u m e r u s l1 6 1 ,1 6 8 ,
1 7 0 ,1 7 8 - 1 7 9 1
, 8 5 , 18 7 , 1 9 6 ,1 9 8 ,
2 0 0 - 2 0 32
, 31,234,241
- m e d i a l i s( H u m e r u s l1 5 7 , 1 6 1 ,
16 8 ,17 0 , 1 7 8 , 1 8 6 - 1 8 78, 19 - 19 0 ,
19L-195, 197-198, 233,238-21+0
E p i c r i t i cs e n s i b i t i t yp, a t h w a y so f s
<an<ihilihr anirriiir
E p i d e r m i s3 1 ,2 6 1
Epididymi1
s5
E p i g L o t t i s1 0 3 ,1 2 6 - 1 2 8 1
, 3 0 ,1 3 9 ,
141,156
E p i p h a r y n1
x39
p tl a t e ,H u m e r u s7
Epiphysea
E pi ph y si s
- d i s t a l i s7
- - [ R a d i u s ]1 7 7
- - ( U t n a l1 7 7
- p r o x i m a l i s7
11
Epitendineum
Epithetium
- a n t e r i u s( C o r n e a l3 6 2 , 3 6 4
- p o s t e r i u sI C o r n e a l3 6 4
31
Eponychium
EquiLibrium
- contro[396
- p a t h w a y3 9 7
- - a f f e r e n t / e f f e r e n3t 9 6
E t h m o i d abI o n es 0 s e t h m o i d a t e
E x c a v a t idoi s c i 3 6 2 ,3 6 8
c o x a e lT 3 9
E x t e n s i o[ A r t i c u [ a t i o
E x t r a - o c u [ am
r u s c t e s3 5 8 - 3 6 1
- t'/Rt 361
E x t r a p y r a m i d amI o t o r s y s t e m 3 5 0
E x t r e m i t a to, b e r e ,m u s c l e s 2 0 4
Extremitas
- a c r o m i a t i s1 5 9 ,1 6 2 - 1 6 3
- d i s t a [ i sI H u m e r u s 7
l
- p r o x i m a t iIsH u m e r u s )7
- s t e r n a t i s1 5 9
Eye
- s OcuLus{-il
E y e b a t t3 6 2 - 3 6 4
- d i m e n s i o n s3 6 2
- layers363
F
E
E a r3 7 9
Ear-eye-ptane
33
joints Articutatio
ELbow
cubiti
F a c i a [m u s c l e s 7 0 - 7 2 ,3 5 4 ,f 1 , f 5 7
Facies
- a n t e r i o r[ C o r n e a i3 6 4
- - (lrisl 362,364
- - {Lensl362,364-366
Fasciculus[-i]
- [ a t e r a l i sI P L e x ubs r a c h i a L i s2J5 ,
214-215,226,232
- [ o n g i t u d i n a ti insf e r i o r3 0 6
- - m e d i a t i s3 0 2 , 3 0 53, 0 9 , 3 4 7 ,
396-397
- - s u p e r i o r3 0 6
- m a m i l l o t e g m e n t a t2i s9 5
- m a m i L t o t h a [ a m i c u2s9 2 ,2 9 5 ,
3 0 9 ,3 3 5
- m e d i a [ i sI P l e x u sb r a c h i a [ i s l2 5 ,
147, 214-215,226, 232
- m u s c u L a r i s a c c e s s o r 1i u3s8
- p o s t e r i o rI P t e x u sb r a c h i a t i s ]2 5 ,
2 1 / , - 2 1 52,2 6 , 2 3 2
- p r o p r i ia n t e r i o r e s3 4 7
- - l a t e r a l e s3 4 7
- - p o s t e r i o r e s3 4 7
- s e p t o m a r g i n a t i3
s47
- t r a n s v e r s i2 0 6 , 2 4 3
- u n c i n a t u s3 0 6
F a s t i g i u m3 0 2
F e m u r 2 - 3 ,6 , 3 0 8
- d e v e l o p m e n8
t
Fenestra
- c o c h l e a e3 8 6 , 3 9 2 - 3 9 3
- v e s t i b u t3i 8 6 ,3 9 1 - 3 9 3
F ibr a e
- a T c u a t a cee r e b r i 3 0 6
- c i r c u [ a r e s3 5 2
- c o r t i c o n u c t e a r e2s7 0 ,2 96 , 3 5 0
- - b u t b i3 5 0
- c o r t i c o r e t i c u l a r e2s9 6 ,3 0 8
- c o r t i c o r u b r a l e2s9 6 , 3 0 8
- c o r t i c o s p i n a L e2s9 6 ,3 0 7 - 3 0 8 ,
350
- c o r t i c o t h a L a m i c a2e9 6 ,3 0 8
- m e r i d i o n a l e3s 6 2
- occipitopontin3
a0
e7
- o t i v o s p i n a L e3s4 7
- p a r i e t o o c c i p i t o p o n t i n2
a9
e6
- p a r i e t o p o n t i n a3e0 7
- p o n t o c e r e b e l l a r e3s5 0
cr vo/ ,o rw o/ !j
- t e m p o r o p o n t i n a2e9 6 , 3 0 7
P dr u5
P slrvJoc
- t h a t a m o p a r i e t a l e2s96 , 3 4 8
- - { R a d i u s1
j 67,169
- z o n u [ a r e s3 6 3 - 3 6 5
- - l S c a p u t a1) 6 0
- - [ U t n a ]1 6 6 , 1 6 9
F i b r o c a r t i l a gboa s a t i s2 7 9
- t e m p o r a l i sI O sf r o n t a t e ]4 8
F i b r o u jso i n t 9
- - ( O ss p h e n o i d a t e5l6 , 3 8 8
F i b u l a6
- d e v e l o p m e n 8t
- - { O st e m p o r a t e5l 8
- v e s t i b u l a r i s9 4
f i b u L a r i s1
Frtumt-at
F a t xc e r e b r i 116 - 11 7 ,2 6 1 ,2 76 ,
- o f f a c t o r i al l l 2 6 6 , I 5 7
2 9 4 , 3 2 1 , 3 2 5r,5 7
- r a d i c u t a r iIaN s p i n a t i s 2l 8 6 ,
F a s c i a11
- a n t e b r a c h i1i 7 8 ,1 8 5 ,1 8 9 - 1 9 1 ,
343,31,5
1 9 9, 2 0 1- 2 0 2 , 2 0 6 , 2 1 1 . 2 3 8 , 2 4 3 , - terminale 342-343
Fimbria hippocampi 292-293.
2 4 9, 2 5 4 , 2 5 6
- arm 178
3 13 - 3 15 , 3 2 8 - 3 2 9 3. 3 3 - 3 3 5 ,
- a x i t t a r i s2 2 4 , 2 2 7
338
- brachii 178,225, 238,252-253
F i n a Im o t o r p a t h 3 5 0
- cervicaLi7
F ing e r
s 0 - 7 2 ,1 0 9 - 1 1 0 ,
- s Digitus(-i)
11 8 - 11 9 ,13 3 - 13 4 , 1 3 6 ,11 + 31, 5 6
- c o n d u c t i oann a e s t h e s i 2a 5 1
- c L a v i p e c t o r a l i2s2 6
- j o i n t ss A r t i c u t a t i o ( - n edsi g
- i n f r a s p i n a t1
Jiti
a7 9 , 1 8 5
- masseterica
F i s s ur a[ - a e )
1 0 9 - 11 0 ,1 1 9
- a n t i t r a g o h e t i c i n3a8 0
- n e c k1 1 9
- c e r e b e t t i3 0 5
- p a r o t i d e a7 1 ,1 0 9
- h o r i z o n t a [ i IsC e r e b e L t u m2]9 7 ,
- p e c t o r a [ i s1 8 4
- p h a r y n g o b a s i l a r1i s3 7 - 1 3 81, 4 1
303-301*
- [ o n g i t u d i n a [ icse r e b r i 2 8 2 .
- t e m p o r a l i s7 2
285-288,293,309,312, 316, 323,
F a s c i acI o m p a r t m e n t so f t h e h a n d
326-336
249
- m e d i a n aa n t e r i o rl M e d u t l ao b Fasciculus{-il
- a n t e r o l a t e r a l i s3 4 8
t o n g a t a )2 8 6
- - - [Meduttaspinatisl
- cuneatus 298-299,345,347-348
- graci[is 298-299,31+5,
342-343,345
347-31'8
- n o d u t o f [ o c c u t a r i3s0 3
- i n t e r f a s c i c u t a r i3s4 7
Faciesanterior
- - l M a x i t t a4) 9
- - p a t p e b r a e3 5 5
- - p a r t i sp e t r o s a e4 0
- - [ R a d i u s )1 6 7 - 1 6 9 , 1 9 7
- - [ U t n a ]1 6 6 , 1 6 8 - 1 6 9
- a n t e r o l a t e r a tl iHsu m e r u s ]1 6 1
- a n t e r o m e d i a l(iH
s u m e r u s ]1 6 1
- a r t i c u l a r ias c r o m i a t i s1 5 9
- - a r y t e n o i d e a1 2 2
- - c a r p a l i s1 6 7 , 1 6 9 , 1 7 4
- - c t a v i c u [ a r i1s6 0 , 1 6 4
- - ( l n c u s l3 8 3
- - l M a t t e u s3l 8 3
- - s t e r n a L i s1 5 9
- - t h y r o i d e a1 2 2 , 1 2 4 , 1 2 6
- c e r e b r a t i(s0 s s p h e n o i d a t e5l6
- - [ 0 s t e m p o r a t e )5 9
- c o n t a c t u s9 4
- c o s t a t i s( S c a p u L a1l 6 0
- d i s t a t i s9 4
- e x t e r n a[ 0 s f r o n t a t e ]4 8
- i n f e r i o [r i n g u a e1 0 4 ,1 0 8 , 1 1 2
- i n f r a t e m p o r a [ 4i s9
- i n t e r n a[ 0 s f r o n t a t e ]5 0 ,5 5
- l a t e r a L i{sR a d i u s 1
l 6 7 ,1 6 9
- [ i n g u a L i9s4
- m a x i L L a r (i s0 s s p h e n o i d a t e5l 6
- m e d i a t i sh e m i s p h e rci ie r e b r i
320
- - [ U t n a ]1 6 6 , 1 6 9
- m e s i a l i s9 4
- n a s a [ i s{ M a x i L t a4l 9
- o r b i t a L il sM a x i L [ a4l 9 , 3 5 3
- - [ 0 s f r o n t a l e ]4 8 , 3 5 3
- - l O ss p h e n o i d a t e3l 4 , 5 1 ' - 5 6 ,
353
- - [ O sz y g o m a t i c u m l5 4 ,3 5 3
- p o s t e r i o r{ C o r n e a l3 6 4 - 3 6 5
- - l H u m e r u s 1l 6 1
- - llris] 362,364-365
- - [ L e n s )3 6 2 , 3 6 6
- - p a t p e b r a e3 5 5
Index
Fissura[-ae]
- o r b i t a I i si n f e r i o r 3 4 , 4 2 - 4 3
5 3 - 5 4 ,2 6 4 ,2 74 , 3 5 3 ,3 5 6 ,3 6 0
- - s u p e r i o r 3 4 ,4 0 - / + ,14 4 , 5 / + ,
5 6 - 5 7, 2 6 5 , 2 6 7- 2 6 8 , 2 74 , 2 7 8 ,
3 5 3 , 3 5 8T, 5 7
- p e t r o o c c i p i t a [4i s0 , 3 9 9
- p e t r o s q u a m o s a4 0 , 5 8
- p e t r o t y m p a n i c a5 8 - 5 9
- p o s t e r o l a t e r a [ i3s0 4
- prima 302-303
- p t e r y g o m a x i [ a r i s3 5 3
- s e c u n d a3 0 2 - 3 0 3
- s p h e n o p e t r o s a4 1 ,4 3 ,2 6 4 - 2 6 5 ,
2 7 9, 3 8 9
- t e l o d i e n c e p h a L 3i c1a7
- t r a n s v e r s ac e r e b r i 3 3 2
- t y m p a n o m a s t o i d e5a8
F L E C H SO
I Gv,a b
t u n d t eo f s F a s c i -,,1,,^ ^^^r^*^--:-^r^
Lu(ur
JEPrUItdt
gilrdU5
FLECHSIG
t r'asc t S T r a c t u S
s p i n o c e r e b e l t apr ioss t e r i o r
F t e x i ol A r t i c u t a t i oc o x a e l 10
F l o c c u l u s2 8 6 ,2 9 3 ,2 9 8 ,3 0 3 - 3 0 4 ,
309,329
F o [ i u mv e r m i s 3 0 2 - 3 0 3
F o l l i c u t i n g u a t e s1 1 3
Fonticutus
- anlerior 46-47
- m a s t o i d e u s4 6 - 4 7
- p o s t e r i o r4 6 - 4 7
- s p h e n o i d a l i4s6
Foramen(-inal
- a t v e o l a r i a4 9 , 5 3
- a p i c i sd e n t i s9 4
- c a e c u mt i n g u a e3 8 , 4 0 , 1 0 3 - 1 0 1
- c r i b r o s a3 8 , 4 0 , 4 8 , 5 0 - 5 18,7 ,
265,278
- e t h m o i d a taen t e r i u s5 4 - 5 5 , 3 5 3
- - p o s t e r i u s5 4 - 5 5 , 3 5 3
- i n c i s i v u m3 8 ,4 2 - 4 3 ,5 2 ,2 6 4
- i n f r a o r b i t a L3e4 ,4 6 ,5 4 , 7 9 ,9 1 ,
268-269,353,360
- i n t e r v e n t r i c u tr ae 2 6 0 ,2 76 , 2 8 4 ,
292-2932
, 9 5 ,2 9 8 ,3 0 2 ,3 10 _ 311 ,
3 13 , 3 15 - 3 17 , 3 2 0 ,3 2 2 ,3 2 7 ,3 3 3 ,
337
- ; u g u l a r e 4 0 - 4 3 ,14 0 ,2 6 4 - 2 6 5 ,
2 7 1- 2 1 3 , 2 7 8 , 3 9 0 - 3 9,1r 5 7
- l a c e r u m 4 0 - 4 3 ,2 6 L - 2 6 5 2
, 78,
3 8 8 ,3 9 0 - 3 91
- t i n g u a t e6 ' 1
- m a g n u m 4 0 - / 1 3L,7, 5 7, 2 6 2 ,
2 6 4 - 2 6 5 , 2 7 8T, 5 7
- m a n d i b u L a6e0 - 6 1 ,9 3 ,1 0 6
- m a s t o i d e u m3 7- 3 8 ,L 0 ,L 2 ,
58-59, 264
- m e n t a l e 3 4 - 3 5 ,4 6 , 6 0 - 6 1 ,7 0 ,
9 3 , 9 9 - 1 0 01, 0 6 , 2 6 9
- N 4 0 N Rs0 F o r a m e ni n t e r v e n t r i c utare
- n u t r i c i u m 1 5 9 ,1 6 6 - 1 6 7 1
, 87
- ovale 22, 40-43, 53, 57, 264-265,
2 6 9 ,2 75 , 2 78 , 3 8 8 - 3 91 , r 5 7
- p a [ a t i n am i n o r a 4 3 , 5 2 , 9 3 , 2 6 4
- p a t a t i n u mm a j u s / + 2 - 4 3 , 5 2 , 9 3 ,
102,264
- p a r i e t a t e3 6 - 3 8
- r o t u n d u m 4 0 - 4 1 ,5 5 - 5 7 ,
264-265,268,274, 278, 390,r57
- s i n g u l a r e3 9 1
- s p h e n o p a L a t i n u5m
1 ,5 5 ,2 74
- s p i n o s u m4 0 - L 3 ,5 3 ,5 7 ,
2 6 / + - 2 6 52,6 9, 2 7 8 ,3 9 0
- s t y l o m a s t o i d e u m4 2 - 4 3 ,5 9 ,
1 0 1 ,2 6 1 ,2 7 0 ,3 8 6 ,3 9 9 ,T 5 7
- s u p r a o r b i t a t e3 4 , 4 6 ,3 5 3
Foramenl-inal
- z y g o m a t i c o f a c i a t5e3 - 5 4 ,3 5 3
- z y g o m a t i c o o r b i t a5t5e,3 5 3 , 3 5 6
F or c e p s
- m a j o r 3 0 6 ,3 3 1 ,3 3 3
- m i n o r 3 0 6 ,3 3 1 ,3 3 4
FoTearm
- s Antebrachium
- m u s c L ess A n t e b r a c h i u m ,
musctes
F o r m a t i or e t i c u t a r i s3 4 5 ,3 1 + 8
Fornix 276, 292-295,298,302,309,
313-317,320,323-325,327-329,
3 3 1- 3 3 5 ,3 3 7 - 3 3 8
- c o n j u n c t i v ai nef e r i o r3 5 2 , 3 5 4 ,
357,378
- - superior354,357,378
- s a c c il a c r i m a t i s3 5 7
F o s s a| - ae l
- a x i [ [ a r i s1 5 7 - 15 8 ,2 2 7- 2 2 9
- c a n i n a4 9
- c e r e b e L L a r5
i s7
- coronoidea
161,170
- crania
i n t e r i o r4 1
- - media41,277,f57
- - p o s t e r i o r4 1 , T 5 7
- c u b i t a t i s4
- d i g a s t r i c a6 0 - 6 1
- g l a n d u L al e
a c r i m a t i s4 8 , 3 5 3
- h y p o p h y s i a [ 4i s0 ,L 5 , 5 0 ,5 7 ,6 2 ,
279
- i n c i s i v a8 7
- i n c u d i s3 8 6 - 3 8 7
- i n f r a c l a v i c u t a r i1
s 7 8 ,2 2 8
- i n f r a s p i n a t1
a6 0
- i n fr a t e m p o r a I i s4 3 , 5 3 ,3 6 0
- i n t e r p e d u n c u t a r i 2s 8 6 - 2 8 7 3
, 02,
3 0 9 ,3 2 5 ,3 3 6
l u g u t a r i s4 2 ,5 9
- lateralis cerebri 287-288,290,
314,325-326
- m a n d i b u l a r i s4 2 , 4 5 ,5 8 - 5 9 ,6 3 ,
65-67,388
- o t e c r a n i1 6 1 , 1 7 0
- p o p L i t e a5
- p t e r y g o i d e3a8 ,5 6 , 8 7
- p t e r y g o p a L a t i5n3a,5 5 , 3 5 3
- r a d i a t i s1 6 1
- r h o m b o i d e a2 9 8 - 2 9 9 3
, 0 2 ,3 4 2 ,
397
- s a c c i[ a c r i m a t i s5 3 , 3 5 3
- s c a p h o i d e 5a 6
- s u b a r c u a t a4 0 , 5 9
- s u b s c a p u [ a r i1s6 0
- s u p r a c t a v i c u t am
r i si n o r 3 2 ,
119
- s u p r a s p i n a t 1a 6 0
- s u p r a t o n s i t t a r 1i s0 3
- t r i a n g u l a r i s3 8 0
Fossutal-aeJ
- f e n e s t r a ec o c h t e a e3 8 6 - 3 8 7 ,
392
- - v e s t i b u t3i 8 6
- p e t r o s a4 2 , 5 9
- t o n s i [ [ a r e s( T o n s i t t p
aatatina)
103
FoveaI-a eJ
- a r t i c u t a r i s1 6 7
- c e n t r a t i s3 6 2 , 3 6 7
- inferior 299
- o b t o n g a1 2 2
- p t e r y g o i d e a6 0
- s u b t i n g u a t i6s0 - 6 1
- s u b m a n d i b u t a r 6i s0 - 6 1
- superior299
- t r i a n g u t a r i s1 2 2
- t r o c h L e a r i s3 5 3
F o v e o t a [ - a e3] 6 7
- g r a n u [ a r e s3 9
-
crrnr:mo:+irr
6Q
Frenutum
- [ i n g u a e1 0 4 , 1 0 8 , 1 1 2
- v e l im e d u t t a r issu p e r i o r i s
2 9 8 - 2 9 9 , 3 0 53, 3 6
Frons 33
F r o n t a Ib o n es 0 s f r o n t a l e
F r o n t a lp l a n e 1
Fundus
- m e a t u sa c u s t i ciin t e r n i3 9 1
T57
- o c u t i3 6 7
Funicu[us
- a n t e r i o r3 4 5
- l a t e r a t i sI M e d u t t ao b t o n g a t a ]
299
- - ( M e d u t t sap i n a t i s3l 4 5
- p o s t e r i o r3 2 8 , 3 4 5
- - palsy 351
G
G A S S E R igaann g t i o sn G a n g t i o n
t r i g e mi n a[ e
G a s t e r1 4 ,1 6 - 1 7 , 3 0
G e n i c u L u nme r v if a c i a t i s3 9 8
Genu
- { C a p s u tian t e r n a i2 9 6 , 3 0 7 - 3 0 8 ,
327,333-334
- ( C o r p u cs a [ [ o s u m 2l 7 6 , 2 9 2 ,
3 0 6 - 3 0 73, 1 3 ,3 1 5 - 3 1 73, 2 0 , 3 2 4 ,
3 3 2 - 3 3 33
, 37
G i n g i v a9 3 , 1 1 1 - 1 1 2f,5 7
G i n g t y m iT 2 3
Gtabetta
48
G[ an du l a[ - a e ]
- b u l b o u r e t h r a t i1s5
- L a b i a l e s9 2
- [ a c r i m a L i1s 1 6 - 1 1 72, 6 8 ,2 7 4 ,
3 5 4 ,3 5 6 - 3 5 7 3
, 6 0 - 3 6 13
, 72-374,
3 7 7- 3 7 8 ,T 5 7
- [ a r y n g e a l e1s 3 1
- L i n g u a l e s1 0 4 ,1 1 4 , f 5 7
- n a s a t e s8 7 ,T 5 7
- p a t a t i n a e1 0 2 , f 5 7
- p a r a t h y r o i d ei naf e r i o r3 0 , 1 3 0 ,
133,138-139,141
- - s u p e r i o r3 0 , 1 3 0 ,1 3 8
- p a r o t i d e a1 4 , 6 9 - 7 0 ,7 2 , 7 7 ,8 0 ,
10 9 - 110 , 1 1 8 ,1 2 0 ,1 3 8 - 1 3 9 1, 4 2 ,
1 4 8 - 1 / 1 9 , 1 5T15, 7
- - a c c e s s o r i a6 8 , 7 2 , 1 0 9 - 1 1 0
G a l e aa p o n e u r o t i c a7 0 - 7 3 ,
1 1 6 - 1 1 7, 2 6 1 , 2 8 0
G A L E NV,e i no f s V e n am a g n a
cereDrl
Gangtion[-iaJ
- c e r v i c a lm
- nh:rvnno:lo<
l?a-1?a
e e d i u m2 7 , 1 4 0 - 1 4 1 ,
- p i n e a L i s3 0 ,2 76 , 2 9 5 ,2 9 7 - 2 9 9 ,
147,153-151
- - s u p e r i u s2 7 , 4 1 , 1 4 0 - 1 4 1 ,
3 0 1- 3 0 2 ,3 16 - 3 1 7 ,3 2 0 ,3 2 9 ,3 3 4 ,
14 7, 2 7 4 - 2 7 5
337
- cervicothoracicum
- p i t u i t a r i as H y p o p h y s i s
27,133,
- s a t i v a r i am
1 4 0 - 1 / , 11, 5 3
e a j o r e s1 4 ,1 1 0 , 1 1 4
- c i L i a r e7 9 , 2 6 7- 2 6 8 ,2 74 ,
- - m i n o r e s2 7 5
- s u b l i n g u a [ i 1s 4 ,8 4 ,1 1 0 - 1 1 1 ,
3 7 0 - 3 7 1, 3 7 3 - 3 7 4 , 3 7 7
, T57
- c o e t i a c u m2 7 - 2 8
114 - 11 7, 2 7 5 ,1 5 7
- G A S S F R isa nG a n g l i otnr i g e m i - s u b m a n d i b u t a r i1s4 ,6 8 , 7 2 ,
n a[ e
11 0 - 111 , 1 1 4 1
, 181
, 38-139,
- g e n i c u [ i1 0 1 ,2 7 0 , 3 9 03, 9 9
1 4 4 - 1 4 61
, 4 8 ,1 5 1, 2 7 5 , 1 5 7
- tmpar 27
- s u p r a r e n a [ i s3 0
- i n f e r i u sl N g L o s s o p h a r y n g e u s l - t a r s a l e s 3 5 5
- t h y r o i d e a1 6 ,3 0 , 7 7 , 1 1 4 - 1 1 5 ,
140,271,398
- - l N v a g u s l1 1 0 - 1 / + 1 , 2 7 2
1 1 8 ,1 2 0 ,1 3 0 ,1 3 2 - 1 3 51, 3 8 ,
- [ u m b a [ r a2 7
140-1/+1,145-1/,6, 1L9, 156
- mesentericum
- v e s i c u L o s1a5
i n f e r i u s2 8
- - s u p e r i u s2 8
G t o b u sp a t t i d u s2 9 4
- o p t i c u m3 6 3 ,3 7 0 ,T 5 7
- [ateratis 294, 308-309,321, 334,
- o t i c u m 2 6 9 ,2 7 1 ,2 7 5 ,f 5 7
338
- p e l v i c a2 7
- m e d i a [ i s2 9 4 ,3 0 8 - 3 0 9 3
, 27,334,
- pterygopa[atinum
1 0 1 ,2 6 8 ,2 7 4 ,
338
377, J57
Glomus
- r e t i n a e3 6 3 , 3 7 0
- c a r o t i c u m2 7 1
- sacralia 27
- c h o r o i d e u m3 1 3 ,3 1 5 ,3 2 1 ,3 3 8
- s e n s o T inae r v o r u ms p i n a l i u m
G n a t h i o n3 3
26, 3 40, 312-343, 3 48-349
G 0 L L ' st r a c t s F a s c i c u l u g
s racitis
c e r v i c a t i u m3 4 0
G o W E Rt' rsa c t s T r a c t u ss p i n o c e r e lumbailum340,344
b e L L a r iasn t e r i o r
sacraLium
340
Granutatione
a sr a c h n o i d e a2e6 1 ,
- s p i n a [ e3 4 2
280-282,311
- s p i r a l ec o c h t e a e2 7 1 , 3 9 4 , 3 9 7
G R A Y S o Nl i'gsa m e n t 2 4 9 - 2 5 0
- s t e t t a t u ms G a n g l i o nc e r v i G S Al g e n e r a ts o m a t i ca f f e r e n c e J
c 0 t n oT a ccrum
2 7 4 - 2 7 5 , 3 0 0 - 3 0T15, 6
- s u b m a n d i b u t a r7e9 ,8 4 ,1 1 A ,
G S E{ g e n e r a sl o m a t i ce f f e r e n c e l
1 1 4 ,2 6 9 , 2 7 5 r, 5 7
3 0 0 - 3 01, T 5 6
- s u p e r i u s{ N g t o s s o p h a r y n g e u s ) G U Y o Nl o, g ed e s L o g ed e G U Y O N
2 71 - 2 7 2
G V A{ g e n e r avI i s c e r a a
I f f e r e n c e J,
- - [ N v a g u s J1 4 0 , 2 7 2
2 7 4 - 2 7 5 , 3 0 0 - 3 0T15, 6
'
1
4
7
- sympathicum
accessorium
G V EI g e n e r a vI i s c e r a e
I fference]
- t h o r a c i c a2 7
2 7 1 + - 2 7 5 , 3 0 0 - 3 0T15,6
- t r i g e m i n a t e7 9 ,1 0 1 ,2 6 7 - 2 6 9 ,
Gyrus[-i]
2 7 4 - 2 7 5 , 2 7, 72 7 9 ,2 8 6 , 3 7 2 - 3 7 3 , - a m b i e n s3 3 6
- a n g u [ a r i s2 8 5 ,2 8 9- 2 9 0 , 3 2 9 ,
3 8 5 ,3 8 9 ,3 9 9 ,T 5 7
- t r u n c is y m p a t h i c2i 6
331
- v e s t i b u l a r e2 71 , 3 9 5 ,3 9 7
- b r e v e si n s u t a e2 8 9
lndex
Gyrus(-i)
- cerebraI
hemispheres
287,
289-290
- c e r e b r2i 6 1
- cinguti287-288,290,292,307,
3 12 - 3 1 33, 15 ,3 2 4 - 3 3 3
53
,7
- dentatus292-293,
314,
328-329,335
- fasciotaris
292-293,
312-313
- frontaLis
inferior289-291,
325-328,332-335
- - medius285,289-290,312,
325-328,330,332
- - superior285,289-290,309,
312,325-328,
330-33
1, 337
- insuLae309,325-327
- tingualis287,329,335-336
- [ o n g uisn s u t a e
289
- o c c i p i t a t3
e3
s 1-3333
,5
- occipitotempora[is
[ateraLis
286-287,
290,327-329,336
- - medialis287,290,315,
327-329
- orbitales286-287,
290,326,
3 3 63, 6 13, 7 0
- p a r a h i p p o c a m p2a8t 6
i s- 2 8 8 ,
290,292, 314-315,325,327-329,
334-336,338-339
- paraterminaLis
290,295,326,
335,337
- postcentralis
285,289-291,312,
328-332,348
- precentraIis
270,285,289-291,
307, 312,328,
330-332,
350
- rectus287,292,326,336-337
- supramarg
inalis 285,289-290,
329-330
- temporatis
inlerior287,
289-290,325-329
- - medius289-290,327-329,
333-335
- - superior289-290,325-329,
332-335
- - transversus
anterior291
Hi[um
- n u c L edi e n t a t i 3 0 5
- - o t i v a r i si n f e r i o r i s3 0 9
H i p p o c a m p u s2 94 , 3 1 3 - 3 16 , 3 2 3 ,
3 2 5 ,3 2 7 ,3 3 3 - 3 3 6 3
, 38-339
H u m e r o r a d i aj o
Li n t s A r t i c u l a t r o
humeroradia[is
H u m e r o u t n aj or i n ts A r t i c u l a t r o
h um er ouL n ar i s
H u m e r u s6 , 1 5 8 ,1 6 1 ,1 6 3 - 1 6 1 - ,
168, 170,182-184,204,238,
252-253
-
oninhw<orl
nlrto<
7
- g r o w t hp t a t e s 7
H y o i db o n es O s h y o i d e u m
Hyponychium
31
H y p o p h a r y n x1 3 9
H y p o p h y s i s3 0 , 2 6 2 ,2 7 8 - 2 79 , 2 8 3 ,
286, 302, 320, 323-324, 327, 337,
369
Hypothatamus30, 295,302,320,
327,334-337
- o v e r v i e w2 9 5
H y p o t h e n a r1 5 7 ,1 8 0 ,2 0 6 ,2 4 9 ,
2 5 6 ,T 3 8
l n t e r n e u r o n s3 4 6
I n t e r p h a t a n g ej oaitn t ss A r t i c u l a t i o n e si n t e r p h a t a n g e a e
l n t e s t i n u m3 0
- c r a s s u m' 1 4
- t e n u e 1 4 ,1 7
l n t i m a9
lntumescentia
- c e r v i c a t i s3 4 0 , 3 4 2
- [ u m b o s a c r a t i s3 1 + 03,4 2
lris 352,362-365
lsthmus
- a o r t a e1 9
- faucium 102,f57
- g [ a n d u t ateh y r o i d e a e1 1 5 , 1 2 9 ,
132-134,136,148,155
- g y r i c i n g u L i2 8 7 , 2 9 0 , 3 3 / .
J
J e j u n u m1 4 , 1 6
J o i n t ,t r u e 9
J u gu m [ - a J
- a l v e o [ a r i al M a x i t t a ]4 9
- s p h e n o i d a [5e7
J u n c t u r a es y n o v i a t e s10
I
I t e u m1 4 , 1 6
lmpressio[-nesl
- gyrorum 40
- [ i g a m e n tci o s t o c l a v i c u t a r i5s9' ]
- trigeminatl3
s 8 6 ,3 8 9
Incisural-aeJ
- a n t e r i o r3 8 0
- c a r t i L a g i nm
i se a t u sa c u s t i c 3
i 80
- f r o n t a t i s4 8 ,5 4 , 3 5 3
- i n t e r a r y t e n o i d e1a2 8 ,1 3 0 ,1 3 9 ,
141
- i n t e r t r a g i c a3 8 0
- j u g u t a r i s( 0 s o c c i p i t a t e5l 7
- [ a c r i m a l i s4 9 ,3 5 3
- m a n d i b u t a6e0 , 6 5
- m a s t o i d e a3 7 , 4 2 ,5 8 - 5 9
- n a s a l i s4 9
- p a r i e t a L i s5 8 - 5 9
H
- preoccipitatis288-290
- p t e r y g o i d e a5 6
H a b e n u l3a3 4
- r a d i a [ i s1 6 6 , 1 6 8
Hamu[us
- lrminro
cnirrlic
?42
- s c a p u t a e1 6 0 , 1 6 2
- o s s i sh a m a t i 1 7 1 - 1 7 3 , 1 7 6 , 2 1 1 - s p h e n o p a l a t i n4a9
- p t e r y g o i d e u3s8 , 4 2 , 5 0 - 5 15. 3 ,
- s u p r a o r b i t a [ i s4 8 , 3 5 4
- t h y r o i d e ai n f e r i o r 1 2 2
5 5 - 5 6 ,6 2 , 6 7, 8 7 , 9 2 , 1 0 2 ,1 3 7,
- - superior 122-123,125-126
388
- t r o c h L e a r i s1 6 6 ,1 6 8 - 1 7 0
H a n ds M a n u s
'136
- t y m p a n i c a3 8 7
H e a d3 2 ,
- arteries 258-259
- u l n a r i s1 6 7
- c u t a n e o u si n n e r v a t i o n7 9
I n c u s3 7 9 , 3 8 3 , 3 8 7
- r e g i o n s3 2
I n d e x1 5 7 1
, 71
- veins 260
l n d u s i u mg r i s e u m 3 1 2 ,3 16 , 3 2 8 ,
H e L i x3 8 0
332-333
H e m i p L e g[i B
aRowN-sEouAR
3D
5 1l
I n f r a -a n ds u p r a h y o im
d usctes
Hemispherium
10 5 - 10 7 ,118 , 12 0 ,T 9 - T 10
- c e r e b e [ [ i2 8 3 ,2 8 6 ,2 9 3 ,2 9 7 ,
I n f u n d i b u [ u ImH y p o p h y s i s )
3 0 3 - 3 0 4 3, 0 9 ,3 18 , 3 2 0 , 3 2 9 ,
2 76 - 2 7 7, 2 7 9 , 2 8 6 , 2 8 9 , 2 9
, 372 0 ,
336-339
323
- ( C e r e b r u m j3 4 0
l n i o n3 7
H e p a r1 4 , 1 6 - 1 7 , 2 2
Innervatioo
nf musctesu
, p p e r[ i m b
H E S C H Lt'rsa n s v e r s eg y r u s 3 9 7
205
Hiatus
Insertioo
n f m u s c [ e s{ l n s e r t i o 1] 1
- c a n a l i sn e r v ip e t r o s im a j o r i s / m i - I n s u l a [ - a e j2 8 4 ,2 9 4 ,3 0 8 ,3 13 - 3 16 ,
noris278
318, 323-321,,328, 332-334,
- m a x i t t a r i s5 1
338-339
- o e s o p h a g e u2s7 2
- p a n c r e a t i c a e3 0
- s e m i l u n a r i s9 0
lntornrl
erncrrlo
?aA
- v e n a ec e p h a t i c a 1
e84
l n t e r n aeI a r 3 9 0
L
L A B B EV, e i no f s V E I NO fL A B B E
Labium
- i n f e r i u s9 2 , 1 0 3 - 1 0 4
- L i m btiy m p a n i c u m3 9 4
- - v e s t i b u t a r e3 9 4
- m a j u sp u d e n d i1 5
- m i n u sp u d e n d i1 5
- s u p e r i u s9 2 ,1 0 3
LADTUM
- a r t i c u t a r e9
- g t e n o i d a l e16 4 - 16 5 ,1 8 4
L ab y r in t h
- b o n y3 9 1 - 3 9 2
- m e m b r a n o u s3 9 3 - 3 9 4
L ab y r in t hu s
- cochLeari3
s 79,397
- ethmoidaL4
i s8
- m e m b r a n a c e u3s9 3 - 3 9 4
- osseus 391-392
- v e s t i b u l a r i s3 7 9 ,3 9 5 ,3 9 7
L a c e r t u sm u s c u t ir e c t iL a t e r a l i s3 5 8
| ---i-^t
^^^^--+..LdLr rrrrdtdPPdr d(ur
2E?
uJl
L a c r i m agI l a n ds G [ a n d u L a
[ ac r i m at l s
Lacunae laterales 261,280-281
L a c u s[ a c r i m a t i s3 5 2 ,3 5 7
L a mi n a[ - a e ]
- a f f i x a2 9 8 ,3 1 3 ,3 1 5 - 3 1 73, 2 1 ,
328,331
- a t b a e3 0 5
- a n t e r i o r( V a g i n am u s c u [ ir e c t i
a b d o m i n i s 1l 7 9
- b a s i t a r i s3 9 4
- c a r t i t a g i n ci sr i c o i d e a e1 2 2
124-125,129,131, 136
- c h o r o i d o c a p i l t a r i3s6 3
- c r i b r o s a3 8 , 4 0 - 4 1 , 4 8 5
, 0-51,
8 7, 2 6 5 , r 5 7
- - s c l e r a e3 6 2 , 3 6 8
- d e x t r a{ C a r t i l a g ot h y r o i d e a l
122-124,127,132
- e p i s c [ e r a [ i s3 6 8
- e x t e r n a 3 9 ,L 5 , 2 6 1 ,2 8 0
- f u s c as c l e r a e 3 6 8
- h o r i z o n t a t i s4 2 ,4 7 , 5 0 - 5 2 ,9 3 ,
388
Lamina[-ae]
- i n t e r n a 3 9 , 4 5 ,2 6 1 ,2 8 0
- l a t e r a [ i sl C a r t i t a g ot u b a ea u d i t i vael 388-389
- - l P r o c p t e r y g o i d e u s3 )8 , 4 2 ,
5 0 ,5 2 ,5 5 - 5 6 ,6 2 , 1 3 7 , 3 8 8
- L i m i t a nasn t e r i o r3 6 2
- - p o s t e r i o r3 6 2
- m e d i a t i sI C a r t i t a gtou b a ea u d i t i vael 388-389
- - ( P r o c p t e r y g o i d e u s3l 8 , 4 2 ,
5 0 - 5 2 , 5 66,2 , 9 2 , 3 8 8
- m e d u t l a r i sl a t e r a L i {sN u c l e u s
t e n t i f o r m i s l3 0 9 ,3 2 7 ,3 3 4
- - m e d i a t i sI N u c l e u s[ e n t i f o r m i s l
3 0 9, 3 2 7, 3 3 4
- m e m b r a n a c e a3 8 9
- modioli391-392
- o r b i t a l i s5 3 - 5 5 , 3 5 3
- p e r p e n d i c u [ a rl i0ss e t h m o i d a t e ]
3 8 , 4 8 ,6 2 , 8 7
- - l O s p a l a t i n u m4l 9 - 5 1 , 5 3 - 5 4
- p r e t r a c h e a L i1s 1 8 - 1 1 9 1
, 33-134,
136
- p r e v e r t e b r a l i1s1 9 ,1 3 3 ,1 3 6
- s i n i s t r a{ C a r t i t a g o
thyroideaJ
1 2 2 - 1 2 31, 2 6 - 1 2 71, 3 0 - 13 1 , 13 7
- s p i r a l i so s s e a3 9 1 - 3 9 2 , 3 9 4
- - s e c u n d a r i a3 9 1 - 3 9 2
- s u p e r f i c i a t i lsF a s c i ac e r v i c a L i s J
7 0 - 7 2 ,1 0 9 - 1 1 01,1 9 ,1 3 3 ,1 3 6 ,
156
- - { F a s c i at e m p o r a L i s7l 2
- tecti302,305
- t e r m i n a l i s 2 76 , 2 9 2 ,2 9 5 ,3 0 2 ,
320, 327, 334-337
- tragi 380
- v a s c u t o s a3 6 3
of REXED
L a m i n a ro r g a n i s a t i o n
346
L a r y n g e am
I u s c l e ss L a r y n x ,
musctes
L a r y n g o p h a r y n x1 3 9
L a r y n g o s c o p y1 2 8
L a r y n x 1 4 , 1 1 / + - 1 1 51,2 3 - 1 2 4 1, 2 7 ,
129_132,13/.,141
- a r t e r i e s1 3 0
- [ a r y n g o s c o p y1 2 8
- m u s c l e s1 2 5 , f6 , 1 5 7
- nerves 130
L a t e r a tv e n t r i c l e ss . V e n t r i c u t u s
lateraLis
[ a t e r a t i s1
L a y e r so f t h e e y e b a t t3 6 3
- e x t e r n a [3 6 3
- i n t e r n a l3 6 3
- m i d d L e3 6 3
L e mnIs c u s
- [ a t e r a t i s3 4 8 , 3 9 7
- m e d i a t i s3 4 8
L e n s 3 6 1- 3 6 6 ,3 6 9
L e v e ra r m , m u s c l e s1 1
Ligament
- of CLELAND249-250
- of GRAYSoN
249-250
L i g a m e n tm
u[-al
- a c r o m i o c t a v i c u t a r1e6 2 - 16 4 ,
184
- a n u t a r e l - i a )1 2 3 - 1 2 1 '
- - radii 168-170,203
- - s t a p e d i a t e3 8 4
- a u r i c u [ a r ep o s t e r i u s3 8 1
- - s u p e r i u s3 8 1
- c a r p ir a d i a t u m1 7 3
- c a r p o m e t a c a r p a [ di ao r s a t i a1 7 3 ,
203
- - p a t m a r i a1 7 3 ,2 1 1
Index
Ligamentum[-aJ
- coLLaterale(-ial
- - [Articutatio
metacarpopha-
Limb
- l o w e r ,e p i p h y s e apI L a t e sI
- - o s s i f i c a t i o cne n t r e s 8
- - s y n o s t o s i s8
- upper158
- - a r t e r i e s2 2 3 , 2 3 5
- - c u t a n e o u si n n e r v a t i o ns,e g -
t a n g e a l1 7 3 ,1 7 5 , 2 1 3
- - c a r p ir a d i a t e1 7 4
---utnare174
- - radiate168,170,203-204
- - u t n a r e 1 6 8 ,1 7 0
m e n t a l2 1 6
- c o n o i d e u m1 6 2 ,1 6 4 ,1 8 3 - 1 8 4
- - c u t a n e o u ns e r v e s2 1 6 - 2 1 7
- coracoacromiale
- - f a s c i a1 7 8
1 6 2 - 16 4 ,
- - joints 158,T23
182-184
- c o r a c o c t a v i c u t a r1e6 2 ,1 6 4 ,1 8 3 ,
- - t y m p h a t i c s2 2 4
- - N 4 R t2 5 2
189
- c o r a c o h u m e r a l e16 2 - 16 4 , 1 8 4
- - muscles 179,182-187,
- c o s t o c l a v i c u t a1r e5 9 ,1 8 6
1 8 9- 1 9 2 , 1 94 - 1 9 8 ,2 0 0 - 2 1 3
- cricoarytenoideum
- - n e T v e s2 1 5 , 2 3 2 , 2 3 5
122-125
- c r i c o p h a r y n g e u m1 2 3 - 1 2 4
- - o r i g i n sa n d i n s e r t i o nos f m u s - c r i c o t h y r o i d e umme d i a n u m118 ,
c t e s 18 6 - 18 7 , 1 9 2 ,1 9 8
- - o s s i f i c a t i o cne n t r e s 8
1 2 3 - 1 2 41
, 2 6 ,1 2 9 ,1 3 2 ,1 3 4 ,1 3 6 ,
- - s y n o s t o s i s8
156
- c r i c o t r a c h e a [ e1 2 3 ,1 3 3
- - v e s s e L s2 3 2
- d e n t i c u t a t u m3 4 3
Limbus
- g t e n o h u m e r a i[nef e r i u s1 6 2
- anteriop
r a t p e b r a e3 5 2 ,3 5 5
- - m e d i u m1 6 2
- c o r n e a e3 6 2
- - s u p e r i u s1 6 2
- p o s t e r i opr a l p e b r a e3 5 2 , 3 5 5
- hyoepigtotticum
- s p i r a t i s3 9 4
1 2 4 ,1 2 6 ,1 2 9 ,
136,156
Lrmen
- i n c u d i sp o s t e r i u s3 8 4 , 3 8 7
- i n s u l a e2 8 9
- - s u p e r i u s3 8 4 ,3 8 7
- nasi 88
- i n t e r c a r p a L e { - idaol r s a [ i a 1 7 3
L i n eo f a c t i o n m
, u s c t e s1 1
- - i n t e r o s s e u m1 7 4
L in e a{- a e J
- i n t e r c t a v i c u L a1r1e8 ,1 3 6 ,1 5 9
- a x i t t a r i sa n t e r i o r 1
- [ateraLe
- - p o s t e r i o r1
l A r t i c u l a t i ot e m p o r o - e p i p h y s i a t i7s, 9
m a n d i b u t a r i s7l2 - 7 3
- L o n g i t u d i n aa[net e r i u s1 3 6 ,1 5 3
- i n n o m i n a t a4 4
- - p o s t e r i u s1 3 6
- m e d i a n aa n t e r i o r1
- m a t t e ia n t e r i u s 3 8 4
- - p o s t e r i o r1
- - l a t e r a t e3 8 4 - 3 8 5
- mediocLavicutaris'l
- - s u p e r i u s3 8 2 ,3 8 4 - 3 8 5 3
- m y l o h y o i d e a6 0 - 6 2
, 87
- manus173
- n u c h a [ i si n f e r i o r 3 7 ,4 2
- m e t a c a r p a t e [ -d
- - superior 37,L2
i ao]r s a t i a1 7 3
- - i n t e r o s s e a1 7 4
- obLiqua
l C a r t i l a g ot h y r o i d e a )
- - palmaria 173,249
122,126
- - t r a n s v e r s u mp r o f u n d u m 1 7 3
- - [ M a n d i b u t a6l 0
--- p a r a s t e r n a L i 1s
superficiale243
- ossiculorum
- p a r a v e r t e b r a I i s1
a u d i t u s3 8 4
- p a l m a r i a1 7 3 , 1 7 5
- s c a p u [ a r i s1
- patpebra[e
- s t e r n a t i s' 1
t a t e r a l e3 5 4 , 3 5 6
- - m e d i a [ e7 0 , 7 2 , 3 5 4 , 3 5 6 - 3 5 7 - t e m p o r a l i isn f e r i o r3 5 - 3 6
- p i s o h a m a t u m1 7 3
- - s u p e r i o r3 5 - 3 6
- pisometacarpate
- t r a p e z o i d a1 5 9
173
- p t e r y g o s p i n a [6
e2
L i n g u a 6 8 ,9 1 , 1 0 3 - 1 0 4 1
, 07,
- q u a d r a t u m1 7 0
112-117
, 1 3 4 ,1 3 9 , 3 2 4
- r a d i o c a r p a [deo r s a t e 1 7 3
- innervation
103
- - p a t m a r e1 7 3
- t a s t eq u a L i t i e 1
s03
- s p h e n o m a n d i b u l a5r e
2 ,6 7 ,8 5 ,
L i n gu[ a
- c e r e b e l t i2 9 8 ,3 0 2 - 3 0 5
92,138
- s t e r n o c l a v i c u t a raen t e r i u s 15 9
- mandibutae
60-62
- s t e r n o c o s t a trea d i a t u m 1 5 9
- s p h e n o i d a t i s4 0 ,5 6 - 5 7 ,3 9 0
- s t y t o h y o i d e u 9m2 ,1 0 5 - 1 0 61, 0 8 , L i q u o rs p a c e si,n n e r 3 11
1 1 9 - 1 2 01
, 3 7 - 13 8
Lobutusl-il
- s t y l o m a n d i b u t a r 6e 2 ,9 2 , 1 3 9
- a u r i c u L a e3 8 0
- t h y r o e p i g l o t t i c u m1 2 4 ,1 2 9 ,
- b i v e n t e r3 0 3 - 3 0 4
- centralis 295,302-304
136
- thyrohyoideum
- g r a c i t i s3 0 3
l a t e r a l e 1 2 3 ,1 2 6
- - m e d i a n u m1 1 8 , 1 2 4 , 1 2 6 , 1 2 9 ,- p a r a c e n t r a t i2s9 0
- p a r i e t a t i si n f e r i o r 2 8 5 ,2 8 9 - 2 9 0 ,
132,136,156
- t r a n s v e r s u ma t L a n t i s1 3 6
329,331
- - s c a p u t a ei n f e r i u s 2 3 5
- - superior 285,289-290,329
- - - superius162,182-183,
- q u a d r a n g u t a rai sn t e r i o r3 0 3
- - p o s t e r i o r3 0 3
18 9 , 2 3 5
- trapezoideum
- s e m i L u n a r iisn f e r i o r 3 0 3 - 3 0 4
1 6 2 ,1 6 / . ,
- - superior303-304
18 3 - 18 4
- u l n o c a r p a [ ep a [ m a r e 1 7 3
- s i m p t e x3 0 3
- vestibutare
124,133
L o b u s-l i i
- v o c a [ e1 2 2 ,1 2 1 + - 1 2153, 1 ,1 3 3 ,
- a n t e r i o rI H y p o p h y s i s JA d e n o 154
h y p o ph y s si
Lobus(-i)
- c e r e b e t tai n t e r i o r 3 0 2 - 3 0 3
- - p o s t e r i o r3 0 2 - 3 0 3
- cerebri288
- d e x t e r( G t a n d u t tah y r o i d e a )' 11 4 ,
132,134,138
- f l o c c u [ o n o d u t a r i2s8 6 ,3 0 2 - 3 0 3
- frontafis 284,288-289,310,361
- inferiop
r u L m o n i s1 4
- insularis lnsuLa
- t i m b i c u s2 8 8
- m e d i u sp u t m o n i sd e x t r i 1 4
- occipitatis 28/',288-289,292,
310
- parietaLis284,288-289,
3 0 9 - 310
- p o s t e r i o rl H y p o p h y s i ssl. N e u r o h y p o ph y s si
- p y r a m i d a t i s1 1 4 ,1 3 2
- s i n i s t e rl G L a n d u ttah y r o i d e a J
115, 118, 120,132-134,138
- superiop
r u t m o n i s1 4
- temporalis 28/,,288-289,
309-310,318,361
L o c u sc a e r u l e u s2 9 9
L o g ed e G U Y O N2 4 9 , 2 5 6
L o n g i t u d i n a Ix i s 1
L u n u t a3 1
L y m p h a t i cs y s t e m ,o v e r v i e w2 3
Lymphatics
- arm 224
- axilla 224
M
Macula
- c r i b r o s am e d i a 3 9 2
- - s u p e r i o r3 9 2
- t u t e a 3 6 2 ,3 6 7
Margo
- l a c r i m a l i s1 r 9
- [ a m b d o i d e u3s6 , 5 7
- l a t e r a [ i IsH u m e r u s ]1 6 1
- - ( 0 r b i t a j 3 5 3 ,3 6 0
- - [ S c a p u t a1l 6 0 ,1 6 5
- t i b e rl U n g u i s J3 1
- t i n g u a e1 0 3
- m a s t o i d e u s5 7
- m e d i a l i sI H u m e r u s l1 6 1
- - [ O r b i t a3
] 53,360
- - l S c a p u t a1)6 0 , 1 8 3
- o c c i p i t a l i sl O st e m p o r a [ e J5 8 - 5 9
- p a r i e t a l i s{ O sf r o n t a t e l4 8
- - l 0 s s p h e n o i d a t e5l6 - 5 7
-
p o s t e r i olrR a d i u s l1 6 7 ,1 6 9
- [ U t n a l1 6 6 , 1 6 9
p u p i t [ a r i s3 6 4 - 3 6 5
s p h e n o i d a L5i s8 - 5 9
s q u a m o s u (sO ss p h e n o i d a t e l
56-57
- s u p e r i o rl C e r e b r u m l2 9 0 , 3 2 6
- - p a r t i sp e t r o s a e4 0 , 5 9 , 9 1
- - I S c a p u t a1l 6 0
* s u p r a o r b i t a [[i0s r b i t a ]3 5 3 , 3 6 0
- - l O s f r o n t a L e 3) 4 , 4 4 , 4 8
- z y g o m a t i c u s5 6
M a t r i xu n g u i s3 1
M a x i t t a3 4 , 3 8 ,4 2 , 4 6 - 4 7 ,4 9 - 5 5 ,
6 8 ,8 6 - 8 8 ,9 0 ,9 3 , 9 8 - 9 9 ,10 3 ,
I 0 9 , 113 , 13 6 , I 5 6 , 2 6 4 , 3 5 3
356-357,378
- p a n o r a m i rca d i o g r a p h 1
y00
M a x i t t a rsyi n u s 5 2
Meatus
- a c u s t i c ues x t e r n u s4 2 , 4 4 - 4 5 ,
58-596
, 5 ,8 3 ,8 5 , 1 0 0 ,2 6 4 , 3 7 9 ,
3 8 1 - 3 8 2 3, 8 5 - 3 8 7 ,4 0 0 ,r 5 7
- - - c a r t i l a g i n e u7s3 , 3 8 2
- - i n t e r n u s3 8 , 4 1 , 2 6 5 , 2 7 0 - 2 7 1 ,
391, r57
- n a s ii n f e r i o r4 / + , 5 4 , 8 7 , 9 0 , 1 0 9 ,
357
- - m e d i u s4 4 ,9 0
- - s u p e r i o r4 / 1 , 9 0 , 1 0 9 , 3 7 8
m e d i a t i s1
M e d i a ns a g i t t apI t a n e 1
Medu[[a
- c e r v i c a t i s2 74 - 2 7 5 ,T 5 7
- o b l o n g a t a2 5 ,2 7 , 4 1 ,2 6 / ' - 2 6 5 ,
271, 218, 283-284,286, 293,29I,
3 0 5 ,3 0 7 ,3 1 0 ,3 2 0 ,3 2 8 ,3 3 7 ,3 4 0 ,
31+2,3L8,I57
- o s s i u mf l a v a 7
- - rubra 7
- s p i n a t i s2 L - 2 5 ,4 1 ,1 5 4 - 1 5 5 ,
264-265,276, 284, 286,298, 302,
3 0 9 ,3 18 , 3 2 4 ,3 4 0 ,3 4 2 - 3 4 7
- - p a t h w a y sa, f f e r e n t3 4 8 - 3 4 9
---efferent350
- - reflexes 3116
- - s e g m e n t s3 4 6
M a L l e u s3 7 9 ,3 8 3 ,3 8 7 ,3 9 9
M a n d i b u [ a6 , 3 4 - 3 5 ,4 6 - 4 7 , 6 0 - 6 1 ,
6 4 , 6 6 ,6 8 , 8 4 , 9 2 - 9 3 , 9 9
, 10/+,
10 6 - 10 8 , 1 1 3 ,1 1 9 - 1 2 0 1, 3 5 - 13 6 ,
138
- p a n o r a m i rca d i o g r a p h 1y 0 0
Manubrium
- m a t [ e i3 8 3 - 3 8 5 , 3 8 7
- s t e r n i ' 1 3 5 - 1 3 61 ,5 2 ,1 5 9
M a n u s 2 - 3 , 1 5 8 ,1 7 1 ,1 76 , 2 0 5 - 2 1 3 ,
242-248,250, 257
- A P - r a d i o g r a p1h76 - 1 7 7
- a r t e r i e s2 L 2 , 2 4 6
- b o n e s1 7 2
- f a s c i a Ic o m p a r t m e n t s2 4 9
- joints173
- [ i g a m e n t s1 7 3
- m u s c t e s2 0 6 - 2 0 7 2
, 0 9- 2 1 0 ,
T37-T38
- nerves 246
- o r i g i n sa n d i n s e r t i o nosf m u s ctes 205
- t e n d o ns h e a t h s 2 0 8
- - d o r s a l2 1 1
ctrll.tl,ro
eollrn;r
1/,'7
Margo
a n d ss G [ a n d u t a e
N 4 E l B 0 Mg
i a[ n
- a n t e r i o (r R a d i u s 1
l 6 7 ,1 6 9
tarsa[es
- - { U L n a1
Membrana
l 69
- c i t i a r i s3 6 5
- f i b r o s aI C a p s u t a r t i c u L a r i s9J ,
- f r o n t a t i {s0 s s p h e n o i d a t e5J7
168
- g i n g i v a t i s9 4
- i n t e r o s s eaan t e b r a c h i1i 6 9 , 1 9 2 ,
- i n f e r o l a t e r a l i s2 9 0 ,3 2 6
198, 203-201+,207, 241,248, 250,
- i n f e r o m e d i a t i s2 9 0 ,3 2 6
255
- i n f r a o r b i t a L li M
- q u a d r a n g u t a r i1s3 3
s a x i t t a j4 9
- - l 0 r b i t a )3 4 , 3 5 3 , 3 6 0
- r e t i c u t a r i s3 9 4
- i n s u [ a r is l n s u t a
- s t a p e d i a l i3s 8 4 , 3 9 8
- i n t e r o s s e ul R
- s y n o v i a [ i IsC a p s u t a r t i c u l a r i s l
s a d i u s J1 6 7 ,1 6 9
- - l U t n a l1 6 6 , 1 6 9
9
lndex
Musculus[- i] flexor[-esJ
Membrana
MuscLe[sl
MuscuLus(-il
- - digrtorum
- t e c t o r i aI D u c t u sc o c h L e a r i s3l 9 4
- p r e v e r t e b r a l1 2 1 , I 1 2
- c o r r u g a t osr u p e r c i l i7i 0 , 7 2 - 7 3 ,
{ M a n u s }2 4 5 , 2 5 6
- - - p r o f u n d u s3 1 , 1 8 0 ,1 8 7 ,
- t h y r o h y o i d e a9 2 , 1 0 7 - 1 0 8 ,
- s i n g l eh e a d 1 1
3 5 4 ,T 1
- ,t e n d o n1 1
- c r i c o a r y t e n o i d e u[ as t e r a t i s
1 9 2 - 1 9 3 1, 9 7- 1 9 8 , 2 0 7,
11/+-115,123-124,126,132-134
-types 11
209,211,213,239-240,
137
125-127,133,r6
- t y m p a n i c a3 7 9 , 3 8 2 , 3 8 4 - 3 8 5 ,
- u n i p e n n a t e1 1
- - p o s t e r i o r1 2 5 - 1 2 7 , 1 3 0 - 1 3 1 ,
249-250, 255-257,
- u p p e rt i m b 1 8 2 - 1 8 7 , 1 8 9 - 1 9 2 ,
T24-T25,r32
387,157
161,r6
- - - s u p e r f i c i a L 1i s8 0 , 1 8 6 - 1 8 7 ,
- c r i c o t h y r o i d e u1s1 4 - 11 5 ,11 8 ,
Membrum
194-198,200-213
- i n f e r i u s2 - 3 ,6
- - o r g i n s a n di n s e r t i o n s
1 9 2 - 1 9 8 , 2 0 5 , 2 0, 7
125-127, 132-134, 137, T6
209,
- s u p e r i u s2 - 3 , 6 ,1 5 8
- d e f t o i d e u s1 1 8 ,1 2 0 ,14 4 - 14 7 ,
211,213,238-239,
18 6 - 18 7 , 1 9 2 ,1 9 8
- V e n t e r 11
219-250,254-257 ,
M e n i n g e s2 6 1 , 2 6 4 - 2 6 5
1 5 7, 1 6 5 ,1 7 8 - 1 9 1, 2 2 2 ,
- o f t h e s p i n a Ic o r ds M e n i n g e s
- w i t h t e n d i n o u si n t e r s e c t i o n s11
r24-r25,r31-r32
2 2 5- 2 26 , 2 2 8 ,2 3 2- 2 34 , r 2 4- r 2 5 ,
- - p o l t i c i sb r e v i s 1 7 5 ,1 9 6 , 2 0 5 ,
s pI n at e s
r27
MuscuLusl-il
- s p i n a l e s3 4 3
- a b d o m l n i1
- - a t r o p h ya
207-209, 244-245, 257,
, x i t [ a r yn e r v ep a t s y
s2,308
- a b d u c t odr i g i t im i n i m i( M a n u s l
r24-r25,r36
M e s e n c e p h a L o2n8 4 ,2 8 8 ,2 9 7- 2 9 8 ,
222
- - - L o n g u s1 7 5 , 1 7 9 , 1 9 2 - 1 9 7 ,
- d e p r e s s o ra n g u [ io r i s 7 0 - 7 3 ,
370
2 0 5 , 2 0 7- 2 0 9 , 2 4 5 , 2 5 7, T 2 4 - r 2 5 ,
2 0 5 , 2 0 7, 2 0 9 , 2 1 1 ,
mesiat 93-94
T38
109,137,T1
- - p o t t i c i s b r e v i2s0 5 , 2 0 7 - 2 0 9 ,
- - t a b i ii n f e r i o r i s7 0 - 7 3 , I 1
238-239 , 245, 255-257 ,
M e s o p h a r y n1x 3 9
- - s e p t in a s i 7 0 , 3 5 4T, 1
r24-r25,T32
Mesotendineum
1 1 ,2 1 1 ,2 5 7
24/1-246,I25, 136
- f u s i f o r m i s1 1
- - - l o n g u s 1 1 8 - 1 7 9 , 1 9 4 - 1 9 6 , - - s u p e r c i t i i7 0 - 7 3 , 3 5 4 , f l
M e t a c a r p a L si a O s s am e t a c a r p i
- g e n i o g l o s s u s6 7 , 9 2 , 1 0 1 , ,
- d i g a s t r i c u s6 8 ,7 2 - 7 3 ,8 4 , 9 2 ,
oa
i nl t I s l
M e t a c a r p o p h a [ a n gj e
19 8 - 2 0 3 ,2 0 9 . 2 3 8 , 2 4 1
- s A r t i c u t a t i o n em
1 0 5 - 1 0 81,1 0 - 111 , 1 1 3 - 1 1 71, 3 4 ,
1 ,1 6 - 1 2 0 ,
s etacarpopha1 0 5 - 1 0 61,1 0 - 111 , 1 1 1 +
246,248,250,255-257,
136,156,T2,r57
tangeae
T24-r25,r35
137- 141, 144-146, 148-151,399,
- o f t h e t h u m bs A r t i c u t a t i o
- geniohyoideu6
- a d d u c t opr o t t i c i s17 9 ,2 0 5 ,
s 7 ,9 2 , 1 0 4 - 1 0 8 ,
19, T57
- d i g i t o r u mm a n u s 3 0 8
11 0 - 111 , 1 1 3 - 1 1 71, 3 5 ,1 5 6 ,T 9
m e t a c a r p o p h a t a n gpeoat l i c i s
208-209,214-246,248,257
- h e t i c i sm a j o r 3 8 1
- - pedis308
M e t a c a r p u s15 8
T24-r25,r36
- - minor381
- c r o s s - s e c t i o n2 5 7
- dorsi 13
- a n c o n e u s1 7 8 - 1 7 9 1
, 8 1 ,1 8 7 ,
- hyogtossus92, 107-108,
M e t a p h y s i 7s
1 9 1 ,1 9 8 ,2 0 0 - 2 0 3 2, 3 4 , 2 4 1 , 2 5 4 , - e p i c r a n i u s7 0 - 7 3 ,8 0 , 14 2 , 3 7 8 ,
- d i s t a [ i sI H u m e r u s J7
11 0 - 111 , 11 3 - 11 5 , 1 1 8 ,1 3 1 ,1, 3 7 ,
r24,r30
T1
- p r o x i m a l i{sH u m e r u s 7
- e T e c t o r s p i n a1e3 5
- antebrachi3
11+8-149,
151,12, r57
i 08
l
- i n f r a h y o i d e 1i 3 4 - 13 5 ,T 7
- a n t i t r a g i c u3s 8 1
- e x t e n s o r { - e s2l 5 5
M e t a t h a l a m u s2 9 7 - 2 9 8
- i n f r a s p i n a t u s1 6 3 ,1 6 5 ,1 8 1 - 1 8 4 ,
- a r t i c u [ a r icsu b i t i 1 8 6 - 1 8 71, 9 8
- - c a r p ir a d i a l i sb r e v i s1 7 0 ,
M e t e n c e p h a L o2n8 4
- a r y t e n o i d e uosb l i q u u s1 2 5 - 1 2 7 ,
1 8 7, 1 9 1, 2 0 5 , r 2 4 - r 2 5 , r 2 8
M o d i o l u cs o c h t e a e3 9 1
1 7 8 - 1 7 91, 8 1 ,1 8 5 - 1 8 71, 8 9 ,
- i n t e r c o s t a t eesx t e r n i 1 8 2 ,T 1 3
M o n k e yh a n d ,M e d i a nn e r v ep a t s y
1 91- 1 9 2 , 1 94 , 1 9 8 - 2 0 3 2, 1 0 ,
130-131,133,141,r6
- - interni 182,f13
- - t r a n s v e r s u s1 2 5 - 1 2 7 , 1 2 9 ,
219
2 ,4 6 ,
2 34 , 2 3 8 ,2 1 , 0 _ 2 4 1
- i n t e r o s s e{iM a n u s lT 2 1 r - T 2 5
N 4 o n o s y n a p rt iecf l e x 3 4 6
131,141,156,r6
25/,-256,r24-I25T
, 33
- - d o r s a t e s1 7 9 , 1 8 1 , 2 0 3 , 2 0 5 ,
- a u r i c u l a r i s l - e s3l8 1 ,T 5 7
M 0 N R 0F, o r a m e no f s F o r a m e n
[ o n g u s 1 7 0 ,1 7 8 - 1 8 1 ,
- - a n t e r i o r7 1 , T 1
207,209-212, 245-246,248,
i n t e r v en t r ic u[ ar e
18 5 - 18 7 , 1 8 9 - 1 9 2 ,
- - p o s t e r i o r7 1 , T 1
250, 257, 126, r37
m o t o n e u r o no f a n t e r i o rh o r n 3 4 6
194-203,210,234,
- - p a f m a r e s2 0 5 , 2 0 7 , 2 0 9 ,
- - s u p e r i o r7 1 , 1 1 9 , I 1
M o t o re n d p a t h w a y3 5 0
21,0-241,246, 253-256,
- b i c e p s11
212-213, 245,250,257,r37
M o t o re n d - p l a t e3 4 6 ,3 5 0
r24-r25,T33
- i n t e r s e c t u s11
- - brachii 157,162-165,
- - - u L n a r i1s7 8 , 1 8 1 , 1 8 7 ,
Motoricity
- L a r y n g i s1 2 5 - 1 2 7 , 3 0 8
. - a s s o c i a t i o na r e a 2 9 1
168-170, 178-180, 182-186,
198-203,205,210, 2/+1,
- t a t i s s i m u sd o r s i 1 5 7 , 1 7 9 ,
- p a t h w a y s3 5 0
r34
255-256,
T24-125,
188- 192, 19/,-197, 200,204,
- projectionarea 291
- - digitiminimi178,198-202,
18 1- 1 8 3 , 18 5 - 18 7 , 2 2 5 ,2 2 7- 2 2 8 ,
218,232-234,238-240,
232,T24
M R I I m a g n e t i cr e s o n a n c et o m o 252-254,rzL-T25, T29
210,241
,255-257
, r25,r34
- b i v e n t e r1 1
- - digitorum
g r a p h i ci m a g e l
1 7 8 - 1 7 9 , 1 8 1 , 1 8 7 ,- l e v a t o r a n g u loi r i s 7 0 , 7 2 - 7 3 ,
- A n t e b r a c h i u m2 5 4
- b r a c h i a t i s1 1 , 1 7 0 ,1 7 8 - 1 8 0 ,
137, 354,11
191, 198-203,210-212,
- - t a b i is u p e r i o r i s7 0 - 7 3 , 1 3 7 ,
- arm 252
246,249-250,
185-192,191+-191
240-2/,1,
,200-201,218,
- B r a c h i u m2 5 2
?70,354,r1
233-234, 238-240, 252-?54,
255-257
,rzL-r25, r34
- brain 324
- - indicis198-199,202-203,
a l a e q u en a s i 7 0 - 7 3 ,
r24-r25,r29
- Encephalon323-324
- b r a c h i i3 0 8
137,354,11
r35
213,256,r24-r25,
- - p a l p e b r a es u p e r i o r i s
- forearm 254
- b r a c h i o r a d i a l 1i s5 7 ,1 7 0 ,
- - potIicb
i sr e v i s1 7 8 - 1 7 1
99
, 5,
116 - 11 7 ,2 6 7 ,3 5 4 ,3 5 6 ,3 5 8 ,
M u s c t es p i n d t e3 4 6
17 8 - ' t8 1 , 18 5 - 18 7 , 1 8 9- 1 9 2
198-203,210, 238,241,21,6,
25,
360-361,369,372-375,378,
Musc[eIsl
248,256-257,f 21+-T
19 4-202, 204-205, 207, 233-234,
- a r m 1 8 5 - 1 9 1T, 2 9 - T 3 0
T57
T35
238-241, 253-256, r24-r25,
- a x i so f r o t a t i o n 11
- - - l o n g u s1 7 8 - 1 7 9 , 1 9 8 - 2 0 0 ,- - s c a p u l a e7 7 , 8 0 , 1 1 8 ,
T33
- b i p e n n a t e1 1
- b u c c i n a t o r6 8 ,7 0 ,7 2 - 7 3 ,8 2 ,9 2 ,
120-121, 142-1/+3,11,6,150,
202-203,210,241,246,
- C a p u t 11
15 4 - 15 5 , 1 8 2 - 1 8 3 , 1 8 7 , 1 7 ,
248,250,255-257
1 0 2 ,1 0 9 ,1 1 6 ,1 3 7, r 1
,
- d o u b t e - b e L 1L 1y
- b u L b i3 0 8 , 3 5 8 - 3 6 1
r24
r24-r25,r35
- - v e I i p a [ a t i n i9 2 , 1 3 7 - 1 3 9
- d o u b [ e - h e a d e1d1
- - MRt 361
- externibuLbi358-361
- f a s c i a 11
- f a c i e7i 0 - 7 31, 3 7 , 3 0 8 , 3 5 4
- c a p i t i s1 2 - 1 3
3 8 8 - 3 8 9T
, 3 ,T 5 7
- [ i n g u a e' 1 0 41, 0 7 - 1 0 8 , 3 0 T
- forearm 192,198
- c h o n d r o g t o s s u1
- faucium
8 ,2 ,
308
s 0 7 ,I 2
- hand 206-207
- f t e x o r { - easnl t e b r a c h1i7i 0
- c i t i a r i s 2 74 , 3 6 2 - 3 6 4 , f 5 1
r57
- L o n g i s s i m uc sa p i t i s1 2 1
- - o r i g i na n d i n s e r t i o n s2 0 5
- c i n g u Lpi e c t o r a t i 3
s08
196-197
, 233,240
- [ o n g i t u d i n a l iisn f e r i o r 1 0 4 ,
- i n s e r t i o 11
- c o t t i 12 - 13 , 118 , 12 0 ,3 0 8
- - c a r pri a d i a t i 1s 7 8 - 1 8 1
08
, 6,
- larynx 125
- c o n s t r i c t o rp h a r y n g i si n f e r i o r
107-108,r2
209,211,
192_1
I 7,201,_205,
- - s u p e r i o r1 0 4 , T 2
- leverarm 11
7 3 , 10 8 , 110 , 1 1 4 ,1 1 8 ,1 2 0 ,1 3 1,
238-239,244-245,249,
- [ o n g u sc a p i t i s 9 2 , 1 1 8 ,1 2 1 ,1 5 3 ,
- l i n eo f a c t i o n 11
r31
254-256,r24-r25,
1 3 3 ,1 3 7 - 1 3 81, 4 0 ,1 5 4 ,1 5 6 ,T 5
- m u t t i - b e t t y1 1
- - - m e d i u s1 0 7 - 1 0 8 . 1 1 3 , 1 3 1 -, - - u t n a r i s1 7 81, 8 01, 8 6 ,
r7,112,r24
- - cotti 121,133-134,153-'155,
- m u L t i - h e a d e1d1
192-198,200-205,
13 7 - 13 8 , 14 0 , 15 6 ,T 5
- - flat 11
- - - superior 102,107-108,
T7.r12-r13,r24
207-208,220,238-21+0,
- lumbricaLes
- ofmastication
2t 8,254-256,
244-245,
IManus]206-209,
70,72,74
137-138,140-141,147,
- - f r o n t a Is e c t i o n 6 7 - 6 8
249-250,257,
212-213, 245-2/+6,
15 6 ,T 5
r24-r25,r31
- - h o r i z o n t asI e c t i o n s6 9
- c o r a c o b r a c h i a L1i6s5 ,1 8 2 - 1 8 4 ,
- - d i g i tm
T2L,r37
i i n i mbi r e v iIsM a n u s l
- masseter61,,66-70,72-73,80,
- O r i g o1 1
205,207-209,r 24-T25,131,
186, 188-190, 218,232-233,252,
- p a r a t t e fl i b r e s 11
10,116-120,r4
83,109-'1
T38
T24-r25.r29
Index
Musculusl-il
- m a s t i c a t o r i i6 4 , 6 8 , 7 0 , 7 2 - 7 3 ,
308
- - f r o n t a Ls e c t i o n 6 7 - 6 8
- - h o r i z o n t a l s e c t i o n6s9 , 1 0 9
- m e m b r ii n f e r i o r i s1 2 - 1 3 3
, 08
- - s u p e r i o r i s1 2 - 1 3
- m e n t a L i s7 0 - 7 3 ,1 3 7 , T 1
- m u t t i f i d u cs e r v i c i s1 5 4
- m y l o h y o i d e u6s7 - 6 8 , 7 7 , 9 2
1 0 4 - 1 0 61,1 0 - 111 , 1 1 3 - 1 1 1 r ,
116-120, 136-137.145-146,
1 4 8 - 1 4 9 , 1 5 1 ,5 6 ,T 9 ,T 5 7
- n a s a t i s7 0 - 7 3 ,3 5 / 1T, 1
- obtiquua
s u r i c u l a e3 8 1
- - e x t e r n u sa b d o m i n i s1 7 9 , 1 8 2 ,
225
- - i n f e r i o r3 5 4 ,3 5 7 - 3 6 0 , 3 7 5 ,
378,r57
- - s u p e r i o r1 1 6 - 1 1 7 , 2 6 7 , 3 5 4 ,
3 5 8 - 3 6 13
, 7 2 - 3 7 53
, 7 8 ,T 5 7
- o c c i p i t o f r o n t a l i7s 0 - 7 3 ,8 0 , 14 2 ,
3 5 4 ,T 1
- o c u l i ,i n n e r v a t i o n2 6 7
- o m o h y o i d e u6s7 , 1 0 5 ,1 1 0 ,1 1 4 ,
11 8 - 1 2 0 ,1 3 7 ,1 4 3 - 15 0 , 15 4 - 15 5 ,
182-183,186-187, 189,228-229,
T10
- o p p o n e nds i g i t im i n i m iI M a n u s )
2 0 5 ,2 0 7- 2 0 9 , 2 5 7 ,r 2 4 ,T3 8
- - policis 205,207-209,
2 4 5 - 2 4 62
, 5 7 ,r 2 4 - T2 5 ,r 3 6
- o r b i c u [ a r iosc u t i 6 9 - 7 3 , 8 0 1, 0 9 ,
2 7 0 ,3 5 4 - 3 5 5 3, 5 7 ,3 7 8 ,r 1
- - oris 70-73,82,92,137,156,
270, 354,r 1
- o r b i t a t i s3 5 8
- patati308
- p a l a t o g l o s s u s1 0 2 - 1 0 3 ,
10 7 - 10 8 ,1 1 3 , 1 2 , r 5 7
- patatopharynge1
u0
s 2 - 1 0 31, 4 1 ,
T 5 ,T 5 7
- p a t m a r i sb r e v i s 2 0 6 ,2 3 8 ,2 4 3 ,
Musculus[-iJ
rectus
Musculus{-il
- - L a t e r a l i s1 1 6 - 1 1 7 , 2 6 7 , 3 5 6 ,
- t h y r o h y o i d e u s6 7 , 9 2 , 1 0 5 ,
3 5 8 - 3 6 23
, 69,372-375,
1 0 7 - 1 0 81, 1 0 ,1 1 4 ,11 8 ,1 2 0 ,1 3 3 ,
3 7 7- 3 7 8 ,r 5 7
1 3 7, 1 4 9 ,15 4 ,T 1 0
- - m e d i a t i s1 1 6 - 1 1 7 , 2 6 7 ,
- t r a g i c u s3 8 1
- t T a n s v e r s uasu r i c u L a e3 8 1
3 5 8 - 3 6 23
, 74 - 3 7 5 ,3 7 7- 3 7 8 ,
- - t i n g u a e1 0 4 ,T 2
r57
- - s u p e r i o r1 1 6 - 1 1 7 , 3 5 8 - 3 6 1 , - - m e n t i T 1
- t r a p e z i u s7 1 ,7 7 ,8 0 - 8 2 ,1 1 8 ,
3 6 9, 3 7 2 - 3 7 5 , 3 7 8r,5 7
- r h o m b o i d e um
s a j o r 1 8 3 ,1 8 7 ,
1 2 0 ,14 2 - 14 3 , ' 1 4 51,4 8 , 15 0 ,
T24
15 4 - 15 5 ,1 7 8 - 1 7 91, 8 1 ,1 8 3 ,
- - m i n o r 1 8 3 ,1 8 7 , f 2 / 1
18 5 - 18 7 , 1 9 0 ,2 2 9 ,1 7 , r 5 7
- r i s o r i u s7 0 - 7 2 ,1 0 9 , f 1
- rri.6^. hr..hi; 1q? 1Aa-1a4,
- s a t p i n g o p h a r y n g e1u4s1 T
, 5
1 7 0 ,1 7 8 - 1 7 91, 8 1 ,1 8 3 - 1 9 1 ,
- s c a t e n uas n t e r i o r7 7 ,' l1 8 ,
194-196,198,200-202,221.
120-121,133, 144-145, 147, 150,
232-234, 238, 241, 252-253,
153-155,182,229,T11
T24-r25, T30
- - m e d i u s 7 7, 1 1 8 ,1 2 0 - 1 2
- u v u f a e 1 0 2 , 1 4 1 , 3 8 8T, 3 ,T 5 7
- v e r t i c a L [i isn g u a e1 0 4
13 3 , 15 0 , 15 3 - 15 5 , 1 8 2 , 2 2 9 ,
- v e s i c a eu r i n a r i a e3 0 8
1 7, T 1 1
- - p o s t e r i o r1 2 0 - 1 2 1 , 1 5 01 ,5 3 ,
- v o c a t i s1 2 7 ,1 3 1 ,1 3 3 ,I 6
- z y g o m a t i c u sm a j o r 6 9 - 7 2 . 9 2 ,
155,182,T11
- s e m i p e n n a t u 1s 1
1 0 9 ,1 3 7, 2 7 0 , 3 5 4 T
,1
- s e m i s p i n a t ci sa p i t i s7 1 ,1 2 0 ,1 5 4
- - minor 70-72,137,270,354,
- s e r r a t u sa n t e r i o r 1 7 9 ,1 8 2 - 1 8 3 ,
T1
1 8 6 ,2 2 5 , 2 2-72 2 9 , 1 2 4
M y e l e n c e p h a t o2n8 4
- s p h i n c t e rp u p i l l a e2 7 4 , 3 6 2 ,
364
- s p i n a L i s1 5 4
N
- s p l e n i u sc a p i t t s7 1 , 7 7 , 8 1 ,
120-121,143-144,146,150,15/,
Nares 86
- - c e r v i c i s1 1 8 , 1 5 4
N a s a Ic a v i t y5 1 ,8 8
- s t a p e d i u s3 8 4 ,3 8 7 ,3 9 8 ,T 5 7
N a s i o n3 3
- sternoc[eidomastoideu
7 s0 - 7 3 ,
N a s o p h a r y n x1 3 9
7 7, 8 1- 8 2 , 9 2 ,1 0 9 ,1 1 8 - 1 2 11, 3 3 , N e c k 3 2 , 1 3 6 ,1 4 8 - 1 4 9 1
, 54-156
- s a Cervix
1 / , 2 - 14 6 , 1 4 8 - 1 5 1 1
, 5 4 - 1 5 51
, 7 9,
- cT 135
182, 186-187, 228-229, T8,157
- s t e r n o h y o i d e u6s7 ,1 0 5 ,1 0 8 ,
- c u t a n e o uisn n e r v a t i o 7
n9
1 1 0 , 1 1 4 ,118 - 12 0 .1 3 3 , 1 3 7 , 1 4 4 , - f a s c i a11 9
- r e g i o n s3 2
14 7 , 14 9 , 15 4 - 15 5 , 1 8 7 ,2 2 8 ,T 1 0
- s t e r n o t h y r o i d e u1s0 5 ,11 4 ,1 ' 1 8 , N e T V e s
'133,
- hand 246
1 3 6 ,1 4 / . ,14 7 , 1 5 4 - 1 5 52, 2 8 ,
- u p p e rt i m b 2 1 5
T10
- s t y l o g l o s s u s9 2 , 1 0 7- 1 0 8 ,1 1 0 ,
r24,r38
N e r v o u ss y s t e m
- - l o n g u s 17 8 , 18 0 , ' 1 8 6 ,
- a u t o n o m o u s2 8
113 - 1 15 , 1 1 9 ,1 3 7- 1 3 8 ,T 2 ,T 5 7
- s t y t o h y o i d e u7s3 , 9 2 ,1 0 6 ,1 1 0 ,
- - f u n c t i o n s2 9
192- 197, 204, 206, 238-239,
- central 24
2 4 9 ,2 5 4 - 2 5 6 , r 2 4 , r 3 1
1 1 4 ,1 1 8 - 1 2 0 1
, 3 7 - 13 8 , 1 4 5 ,1 4 8 ,
- p e c t o r a t im
- p e r i p h e r a2t 4
s a j o r 11 8 ,1 2 0 ,
151,399,T9,T57
- s t y l o p h a r y n g e u9s2 ,1 0 7 - 1 0 8 ,
1 4 4 - 1 4 9 1, 7 8 - 18 0 , 18 2 - 18 3 ,
N e r v u s-l i l
- a b d u c e n sl V l l 2 5 , 4 1 ,6 7 ,
18 5 - 18 7 ,1 8 9 ,1 9 1 ,2 2 5 - 2 2,9
1 2 0 ,1 3 7 - 1 3 8 1
, 4 0 ,T 5 ,T 5 7
- s u b c t a v i u s118 , 18 2 - 18 3 ,
232-233,124,r26
2 6 5 - 2 6 7, 2 76 - 2 7 9 ,2 8 3 , 2 8 6 ,2 9 3 ,
- - m i n o r 1 1 8 ,1 / 1 5 - 1 4 7 , 1 8 2 - 1 8 3 ,
186-187
3 0 1 ,3 18 , 3 3 7 ,3 7 2 - 3 7 5 3, 7 8 ,3 9 9 ,
, 1 8 9, 2 2 6 , 2 2 9 , 2 3 2T, 2 4 ,
18 6 ,18 9 - 19 0 ,2 2 8 - 2 2 92, 3 2 ,
r26
T 5 5 ,T 5 7
- s u b s c a p u [ a r i s1 6 2 - 1 6 3 1
- a c c e s s o r i u[ sX l ] 2 5 ,4 1 ,8 0 - 8 1 ,
r24,T26
, 65,
- p e n n a t u s11
1 8 2 - 1 8 11
, 8 6 ,1 8 9- 1 9 0 ,2 3 2 ,
1L 0 - 1 4 7, 1 4 9 - 1 5 12, 6 4 - 2 6 6 2
, 73,
- p h a r y n g i s113 , 13 7 - 13 8 ,3 0 8
r24-r26
2 76 , 2 7 8 , 2 8 3 ,2 8 6 ,2 9 3 , 2 9 8 , 3 0 ,1
- p t a n u s1 1
- s u p i n a t o r 1 7 0 ,1 9 2 - 1 9 3 ,
3 1 8 , 3 3 ,73 4 2 , 3 9 9T, 8 ,T 17 ,T 5 5 ,
- p o p t i t e u sT 4 1
19 5 - 19 9 , 2 0 2 - 2 0 4 , 2 3 8 - 2 4,12 5 4 ,
r57
- p r o c e r u s7 0 - 7 2 ,1 3 7 ,3 5 4 ,f 1
- a l v e o l a r i s l - e si nJ f e r i o r 6 7 , 6 9 ,
T24-r25,T35
- p r o n a t o rq u a d r a t u s 1 9 2 - 1 9 7 ,
- s u p r a h y o i d e1i0 6
7 9 , 8 2 - 8 5 ,1 0 1 ,1 0 9 ,1 1 1,
- s u p r a s p i n a t u s1 5 5 ,1 6 2 - 1 6 4 ,
204, 207,238-239,245,250,256,
1 16 - 1 1 7, 2 6 9 , 2 7 5
- - s u p e r i o r e s1 0 1 , 2 6 8
f2/1,I32
182-187
, 1 8 9 ,T 2 4 - r 2 5 , r 2 7
- - teres 170,179-180,186,
- t e m p o r a l i s6 4 , 6 6 - 6 9 , 7 3 ,8 0 ,
- a m p u t t a r i s3 9 5
- - anterior 271,393-395
1 9 2 - 1 9 31
, 9 5 - 19 8 , 2 n 2 - 2 0 / + ,
109,116,r4
- t e m p o r o p a r i e t a t i7s 0 - 7 2 , f 1
- - l a t e r a l i s2 7 1 , 3 9 3 - 3 9 5
219,238-240,254-255,
- t e n s o rt y m p a n i1 0 1 ,3 8 2 ,
- - p o s t e r i o r3 9 3 - 3 9 5
r24-T25,r31
- p t e r y g o i d e ulsa t e r a t i s6 4 - 6 7 ,
- a n a l e si n f e r i o r e s2 6
3 8 4 - 3 8 53
, 8 7 ,3 8 9 ,3 9 8 ,T 5 7
- - v e t ip a t a t i n 9
- a n n o c o c c y g e2i 6
6 9 ,8 3 - 8 4 ,9 2 , 1 0 9 ,1 3 8 ,T4
i 2,137,141,
- - m e d i a l i s6 4 , 6 6 - 6 7 , 6 9 , 8 3 , 9 2 ,
- a u r i c u L a rm
3 8 8 - 3 8 9T
, 3 ,T 5 7
i sa g n u s2 5 ,8 0 - 8 ' 1 ,
- t e r e sm a j o r 1 7 8 - 1 7 9 ,811- 1 8 3 ,
110-111,138-139,T4
142-1fi,17
- recti 308
18 5 - 18 7 , 1 8 9 ,1 91 , 2 2 7 ,2 3 2 - 2 3 / + , - - p o s t e r i o r7 8 , 8 2 , 8 4 - 8 5 , 1 4 2 ,
- r e c t u sa b d o m i n i s1 8 2
r24-T25,T28
1 1 5 , 2 7 0 - 217, 3 9 8
- - c a p i t i sa n t e r i o r12 1 ,T 7 ,
- - m i n o r 1 6 3 , 1 7 9 , 1 8 1 , 1 8 3 - 1 8 4-, a u r i c u t o t e m p o r a l i7s9 - 8 5 , 2 6 9 ,
r12
1 8 7, 1 9 1 ,r 2 L - T 2 5 ,r 2 8
2 7 5 ,r 5 7
---tateratis121
- t h o r a c i s1 2 , 3 0 8
- a x i f f a r i s2 5 ,2 14 - 2 1 5 ,2 1 7 ,2 2 2 ,
- - i n f e r i o r1 1 6 - 1 1 7 , 2 6 7 ,
- t h y r o a r y t e n o i d e u1s2 6 - 1 2 1
2 2 7, 2 3 1, 2 3 3 - 2 3 5 , r 2 4 , r 2 7- r 2 8
- - palsy 222
3 5 8 - 3 6 13
, 6 9 ,3 7 5 ,3 7 8 ,T 5 7
1 3 0 - 1 3 '.,T] 6
Nervus[-i]axi[Laris
- - s t r u c t u T es, e g m e n t a [2 2 2
-
-
JuPPryil,Y
- buccaLis79, 82-85, 269,275
- c a n a L ipst e r y g o i d e1i 0 1 , 2 7 4 , 3 9 8
- c a r d i a c u sc e r v i c a t i si n l e r i o r 2 7
---medius27,140,147
- - - s u p e r i o r2 7 , 1 1 + 0 , 1 1 , 7
- c a r o t i c o t y m p a n i c u3s9 8
- c a r o t i c u isn t e r n u s1 0 1 , 1 4 0 , 3 7 4
- cervicales 24, 26, 82, 145-11+6,
299,342
- c i t i a r e s3 6 1 *
- - b r e v e s2 6 7 , 2 7 4 , 3 7 4
- - longi 268,374
- coccygeus21+,
26, 342-343
- c o c h l e a r i s2 7 1 ,3 8 2 ,3 9 0 ,
3 9 3 - 3 9 43
, 96-397,r57
- c r a n i a [ e s2 5 ,2 6 6 ,2 76 - 2 7 7 ,2 8 6 ,
300
- - N u c t e i3 0 0 - 3 0 1
- - - g e n e r a Is o m a t i ca f f e r e n c e
[ G S A )3 0 0 - 3 0 1T, 5 6
^) u^i l - ^r d.u:l - t-r ri l rs r^ -r i-l L-r- ^ rI G S E I
300-30
1
visceraI
afference
IGVA]
300-30
1, T56
vicrorel
offoronco
lG\/tr1
300-30
1, T56
---motor350
- - -
^^^^:I:^
+i^
S p e c r i l c-s^ -o^ m
a I t c - ^aI Il^l -e r e n c e
lssAj 300-301,1056
v i s c e r a l - af fe r e n c eI S V A I
3 0 0 - 3 0 11,0 5 6
v i s c e r a [ - e f f e r e n c{ S
e VEI
3 0 0 - 3 0 11, 0 5 6
- c u t a n e u sa n t e b r a c h ilia t e r a t i s
178, 215, 217 -218, 230, 233-236,
243,256
- - - m e d i a l i s2 5 , 1 7 8 , 2 1 4 - 2 1 5 ,
2 1 7, 2 2 0 , 2 3 0 , 2 3 22,3 6 ,
253,I2/.
- - - p o s t e r i o r2 1 5 , 2 1 7 , 2 2 1 ,
2 3 0- 2 3 1 ,2 34 - 2 36 , 246- 2 4 7
- - b r a c h i li a t e r a L i sn f e r i o r2 1 5 ,
2 1 7, 2 3 1 , 2 3 4 - 2 3 5
s u p e r i o r2 1 5 , 2 1 7 , 2 2 2 ,
231,234
- - - m e d i a t i s2 5 , 1 7 8 , 2 1 4 - 2 1 5 ,
2 1 7, 2 2 0 ,2 2 9 - 2 3 22, 3 6 ,
253,r24
- - - p o s t e r i o r1 7 8 , 2 1 5 , 2 1 7 ,
221,231,234-236
- - f e m o r i sL a t e r a l i s2 6
---posterior26
- d i g i t a t e sd o r s a l e sl N r a d i a t i s l
2 1 7, 2 4 6 - 2 4,72 5 7
- - - l N u t n a r i s l2 1 7
- - p a t m a r e sc o m m u n e s[ N m e d i a n u s J2 15 , 2 1 7, 2 1 + 4
l N u l n a r i s j2 1 5 ,2 1 7 , 2 / + 4
- - - p r o p r i [i N m e d i a n u s 2] 1 5 ,
2 1 7, 2 / + / + - 2 4264, 9 , 2 5 7
l N u L n a r i s2l 1 5 , 2 1 7 ,
243-244,246
- d o r s a l i s c a p u L a2
e5 , 2 1 4 , f 1 7
,
r24
- e t h m o i d a t i sa n t e r i o r 8 2 - 8 3 , 2 6 8 ,
37/+-375
- - p o s t e r i o r2 6 8 , 3 7 4 - 3 7 5
- f a c i a L i lsV l l l 2 5 ,2 7 - 2 9, 4 1, 6 9 ,
7 8 ,8 2 - 8 5 ,1 0 1 ,110 , 1 4 3 - 14 4 ,
2 6 4 - 2 6 62
, 6 9 - 2 7 0 2, 74 - 2 7 8 , 2 8 3 ,
2 8 6 ,2 9 3 ,2 9 9 ,3 0 1 ,3 0 9 ,3 18 , 3 3 7 ,
3 8 7 ,3 9 0 ,3 9 8 - 3 9 9 T
, 1 ,T 5 5 ,T 5 7
- - m o t o r p o r t i o n ,o r g a n i s a t r o n
270
lndex
Nervus(-iI facialis IVll]
Nodus[- i] Iymphoideusl- iI cervicales
Nervusl-il
Nervus[-i]
- - patsy78
---profundiT6
- nasociLiari4
- supratrochteari7
s 1 ,2 6 5 ,2 6 7- 2 6 8 ,
s 9 ,8 1 - 8 5 ,2 6 8 ,
- - - p e r i p h e r a l / c e n t r a2l 7 0
i n f e r i o r e s7 7
372-373
2 74 , 2 78 , 3 72 - 3 74 , 3 78 , T5 7
- f e m o r a t i s2 6
- n a s o p a L a t i n u8s8 ,2 6 4 ,2 6 8 ,2 74
- t e m p o r a t e sp r o f u n d i7 9 , 8 3 - 8 4 ,
s u p e r i o r e s7 7
- f i b u t a r i sc o m m u n i s2 6
---superficiaLesT6
- o b t u r a t o r i u s2 6
269,T4
- f r o n t a L i s/ , 1 , 7 9 , 2 6 5 2
- - c e r v i c i s7 6
- o c c i p i t a l im
- t h o r a c r c i2 / 1 - 2 62, 1 7 ,2 2 7- 2 2 8 ,
, 68,278,
s a j o r 7 9 ,8 1 - 8 2 .
- - c u b i t a l e s2 2 4
372,378,r57
142-144,147
3 1 1 0 , 3 4T21, 5 ,T 1 9 - T 2 0
- g e n i t o f e m o r a L i2s6
- - minor 25,80-82,142-145,
- t h o r a c i c ulso n g u s2 5 ,1 4 7 , 2 1 4 ,
dpltnnaetnrala<
)19
- g [ o s s o p h a r y n g e uI lsX ] 2 5 ,
- - f a c i a t e s7 6 , 1 5 0
1 4 7, 1 7
2 2 7- 2 2 9 ,T 1 7, r 2 4
- - i n g u i n a L e2s3
- o c u L o m o t o r i ul lsl l ) 2 5 , 2 1 - 2 9 ,
- t h o r a c o d o r s a t i s2 5 , 14 7 , 2 1L ,
2 7 - 2 9 ,4 1 ,1 0 1 ,1 0 3 ,11 3 ,1 3 0 ,
- - i n t e r c o s t a t e s2 2 9
1 3 9 - 1 1 1 , 2 6 4 - 2 6 6 ,12, 27 7 5 - 2 76 ,
4 1, 6 7, 2 6 5 - 2 6 7, 2 74 , 2 76 - 2 7 9,
2 2 7- 2 2 8 , 2 3 2 ,T 1 8 ,T 2 4 ,T 2 8
- - j u g u t o d i g a s t r i c u1s5 0
- t i b i a t i s2 6
2 7 8 ,2 8 3 ,2 8 6 ,2 9 3 ,2 9 9 ,3 0 1 ,3 0 9 ,
2 8 3 - 2 8 4 , 2 8 62, 9 3 ,2 9 7, 3 0 1 , 3 1 8 ,
- - juguloomohyoideu
- t r a n s v e r s u sc o t t i 2 5 ,8 1 ,
3 1 8 ,3 3 7 ,3 4 2 ,3 9 8 - 3 9 9 T
1 s5 0
, 5 5 ,T 5 7
327, 337-338, 358,371-37 5, 378,
- g t u t e u si n f e r i o r2 6
- - m a s t o i d e7i 6 ,1 5 0
3 9 9 ,T 5 5 ,T 5 7
142-1 43, T7
- - s u p e r i o r2 6
- - o c c i p i t a L e7s6 , 1 5 0
- o t f a c t o r li li l 2 5 ,6 1, 8 8 , 2 6 5 , 2 7 8 , - t r i g e m i n u sl V l 2 5 , 6 7 , 7 9 , 1 0 1 ,
- h y p o g a s t r i c u s2 7
T 5 5 ,T 5 7
2 6 6 - 2 6 ,92 7L - 2 7 7, 2 8 3 , 2 8 6 , 2 9 3 , - - p a r o t i d epi r o f u n d i7 7
- h y p o g t o s s ulsx l l l 2 5 , 4 1 , 7 3 , 8 4 ,
- - - crrnorfirialpc 7A 150
- o p h t h a t m i c ul V
s l l l L 1 , 7 9 , 1 0 ,1
2 9 7 ,2 9 9 ,3 0 1 ,3 18 , 3 2 2 ,3 4 8 ,
- - p e c t o r a l e s2 2 9
11 0 - 111 , 11 3 - 11 5 ,1 3 / +1, 4 0 - 1 4 1 ,
2 6 8 ,2 74 , 2 77 , 2 79 , 2 8 6 ,3 72 - 3 75 ,
3 7 2 - 3 7 5 , 3 9 9T, 5 5 ,T 5 7
nolvi< n:riot:loc
??
- - e x i tp o i n t so f t h e c u t a n e o u s
1 4 5 - 1 4 91, 5 1 , 2 6 4 - 2 6 6
2 ,7 3 , 2 76 ,
3 9 9 ,T 5 5 ,T 5 7
---viscerates23
- o p t i c u sl l l l 2 5 , 1 , ,16 7 - 6 8 , 1 0 1 ,
2 7 8 ,2 8 6 ,2 9 3 ,2 9 9 ,3 0 1 ,3 18 , 3 3 7 ,
b r a n c h e s2 6 9
- - r e t r o p h a r y n g e a t e7s7
- t r o c h l e a r i sl l Y l 2 5 , 6 7 , 2 6 5 - 2 6 7 ,
342,12,r55,r57
1 16 , 2 6 2 , 2 6 5 - 2 6 6 , 2
67
- 2 7 9, 2 8 3 ,
- i t i o h y p o g a s t r i c u2s6
- - s u b m a n d i b u t a r e6s8 ,7 6 ,1 1 0 ,
2 8 6 ,2 9 2 ,2 9 5 ,2 9 7 ,3 18 , 3 2 3 ,3 3 7 ,
276-279, 286,293,298-299, 301,
- i l i o i n g u i n a L2i s6
150
3 5 6 ,3 5 8 - 3 6 1 3
, 6 8 - 3 7 8T
, 5 5 ,T 5 7
3 3 7 ,3 7 2 - 3 74 , 3 7 8 ,T 5 5 ,T 5 7
- i n f r a o r b i t a l i s6 8 ,7 3 ,7 9 , 8 1 - 8 5 ,
- - submentale7
- p a t a t i n u s l -m
s7,150
i l a j o r 7 9 , 1 0 2 , 1 1 3 , - t y m p a n i c u s1 0 1 ,2 7 1 ,3 9 8 ,T 5 7
- - s u b s c a p u L a r e2s2 9
- u l n a r i s 2 5 , 1 7 0 ,2 1 1 ,2 1 4 - 2 1 5 ,
1 0 1, 1 1 6 - 1 1 7, 2 6 4 , 2 6 8 , 2 74 ,
2 6 4 ,2 6 8 ,r 5 7
- - t h y r o i d e i7 7
- - m i n o r e s1 1 3 , 2 6 1 + , 2 6 8 , 2 7 4 , f 5 7 217, 219,229, 232-235,238-241,
356-358,378
- infratrochteari8
- p e c t o r a t iLsa t e r a l i 2s 1 4 , T 2 4 ,
s 2 - 8 5 ,2 6 8
Nose
243-245,247,249,252-256,r 24,
- c a r t i l a g e8 6
374-375
r26
T 31- T 3 2 ,T 3 6 - T 3 8
- i n t e r c o s t a L2i s4 - 2 6 ,2 1 4 ,2 1 7 ,
- s k e t e t o n8 6
- - m e d i a l i s1 4 7 , 2 1 4 , 2 2 6 , T 2 6
- - patsy 220
- natr^c',<
- - s t r u c t u r e s, e g m e n t a [2 2 0
mrinr
l'1
1ll1
225, 227-228, 340
Nuc[eus{-i]
- i n t e r c o s t o b r a c h i a L2i 5
- a c c e s s o r i un
- - s u p p l y i n ga r e a s 2 2 0
s,147
s e r v io c u l o m o t o r t t
264-265,270, 274, 278, 390,
- u t r i c u t a r i s2 7 1 ,3 9 3 - 3 9 5
1 7 8 ,2 1 7, 2 2 7- 2 3 0
274, 300-301, T57
3 9 8 - 3 9 9T
, 57
- i n t e r m e d i u s1 0 ' 12, 8 6 ,3 0 9
- a m b i g u u s3 0 0 - 3 0 1T, 5 7
- - m i n o r 4 1 , 1 0 1 , 2 6 4 - 2 6 5 , 2 7 1 , - u t r i c u t o a m p u L L a3r9i s3
- i n t e r o s s e uasn t e b r a c hai in t e r i o r
- a n t e r i o r [ - e shl y p o t h a t a m 2
- v a g u s[ x ] 2 5 , 2 7- 2 9 ,4 1, 6 9 , 7 3 ,
i 95
2 7 5 , 2 7 8 , 3 9 8T,5 7
- - thalami 296,309
- - p r o f u n d u sL | , 1 0 1 , 2 6 4 - 2 6 5 ,
215,239,255,r32
8 3 - 8 4 ,1 0 1 ,1 0 3 ,1 3 3 ,1 3 9 - 1 / 1 1 ,
- - - p o s t e r i o r2 4 1 , 2 6 8 , 2 5 5
- arcuati295
27/+
11,/,-1
47, 149,151, 154-155,228,
- i s c h i a d i c u 2s 6
- c a u d a t u s2 9 4 ,2 9 6 ,2 9 8 ,
- p h a r y n g e u s2 6 8 , 2 7 4
2 6 / , - 2 6 6 , 2 t 2 - 2 7 32, 76 , 2 7 8 , 2 8 3 ,
- j u g u t a r i s1 4 0
- p h r e n i c u s2 5 , 1 4 5 - 1 4 7 1, 4 9 ,
308-309,3 13-3 17, 323,326-329,
2 8 6 , 2 9 3 , 2 9 9 , 3 0,13 0 9 ,3 18 , 3 3 7 ,
- [ a c r i m a [ i s4 1 ,2 6 5 ,2 6 8 ,2 7 8
3 3 1- 3 3 5 ,3 3 7 - 3 3 9
15 3 - 15 5 , 2 14 , 2 2 8 ,1 7 , r 2 1
3 4 2 , 3 9 8 - 3 9 9T, 5 5 ,T 5 7
- c e n t r a t i sc o t u m n a ep o s t e r i o r i s
- - a c c e s s o r i u 1s 5 3
- v e s t i b u t a r i s2 71 , 3 9 0 ,3 9 3 - 3 9 5 ,
3 5 6 ,3 7 2 - 3 74 , 3 7 7- 3 7 8 ,r 5 7
- [ a r y n g e u sr e c u r r e n s2 7 , 1 3 0 ,
- p t e r y g o i d e uLsa t e r a t i s8 4 , 2 6 9 T
396
, 4
397, T57
- - lMedutta
- - m e d i a l i s2 6 9 , 3 8 9 , f 4
- v e s t i b u t o c o c h L e [aVr li lsl ]2 5 ,1 r 1 ,
1 3 3 ,1 4 1 ,1 4 7 ,14 9 ,1 5 5 ,2 7 2 , r6
s p i n a t i s 3) 4 8
- - s u p e r i o r1 0 8 ,1 1 4 - 1 1 5 ,
- p u d e n d u s2 6
2 6 5 - 2 6 6 , 2 7, 2
1 76 - 2 7 8 ,2 8 3 , 2 8 6 , - c e n t r o m e d i a n u2s9 6
- c e r e b e t t i3 0 5
- r a d i a L i s2 5 , 1 7 0 ,1 7 8 ,2 0 4 ,
130- 13 1, 134,137, 140-141,
2 9 3 ,2 9 9 ,3 0 1 ,3 0 9 ,3 1 8 ,3 3 7 ,3 7 9 ,
- c o c h L e a r i s ( - e3s0l 1 ,3 9 6
146,151,272,T6
, 5 5 ,T 5 7
2 | L - 2 15 . 2 17 , 2 2 1 ,2 2 9- 2 3 6
3 9 0 , 3 9 3 - 3 9 43, 9 7 , 3 9 9 T
- L i n g u a l i s6 7 , 6 9 ,7 9 ,8 3 - 8 5 ,
- - anterior397,T57
- zygomaticus 82, 264,268-269,
238-241,246-248, 252-256,r24,
- - p o s t e r i o r3 0 0 , 3 9 7T, 5 7
1 0 1- 1 0 3 ,1 0 9 - 1 1 11, 1 3 - 11 5 ,14 9 ,
T 3 0 ,T 3 3 - T 3 5
27/,, 356,375,377-378, T57
- c o r n u sa n t e r i o r i sm u s c u l o r u m
- - palsy 221
269-270,275,T57
Ne ur o f ib r a e
- [ u m b a t e s2 4 - 2 6 ,3 / + 2 - 3 4 3
- - s t T U c t u r see, g m e n t a 2[ 2 1
- association3
c o t L i3 9 6
i s0 6
- m a n d i b u L a rliVs l 3 l L 1 , 7 9 , 8 4 ,
- c o r p o r i sg e n i c u l a tti a t e r a [ i s2 9 6
- - s u p p t y i n ga r e a s 2 2 1
- c o m m i s s u r a l e s3 0 6
---mediatis296
- s a c c u L a r i s2 71 , 3 9 3 - 3 9 5
- p r o j e c t i o n i3s0 7
1 0 1, 2 6 4 - 2 6 5 , 2 6 92,71, 2 7 5 ,
- - m a m i l l a r i s2 9 5
- s a c r a t e s2 4 ,2 6 ,3 4 2 , f 2 2
2 7 7- 2 79 , 2 8 6 ,3 72 - 3 7 3 ,3 7 5 ,3 8 9 ,
N e u r o h y p o p h y s i2s7 9 ,2 9 5
- - trapezoidei 396-397
- s p i n a l e s2 6 , 1 5 4 - 1 5 52, 1 4 ,3 4 0 ,
3 9 9 ,T 5 5 ,T 5 7
NoduLusl-ij
- m a s s e t e r i c u s6 9 ,8 2 - 8 5 ,2 6 9 ,f 4
- c u n e a t u s3 4 8 , 3 9 6 - 3 9 7
- { C e r e b e t t u m3J0 2 - 3 0 5
31,2-344,349-350
- m a x i L L a rl iVsl 2 l 1 r,17 9 , 1 0 1 , 1 3 9 , - - p a l s i e s3 5 1
- d e n t a t u s3 0 5 ,3 2 9 ,3 3 8 , 3 5 0
- l y m p h o i d epih a r y n g e a l e1s3 9
- d o r s a l i s l - e shl y p o t h a l a m i2 9 5
2 6 4 - 2 6 52, 6 8 , 2 7
4 , 2 7 7- 2 7 9 , 2 8 6 , - s p L a n c h n i[cuim b a t e s2 7
Nodusl-ij
- - nervivag3
- - pelvici 27-28
- t y m p h o i d e u s {a- ibl d o m i n i ps a r i i 00-301,T57
3 7 2 - 3 7 3 , 3 7 5 , 3 7,73 9 9 ,T 5 5 ,T 5 7
- m e a t u sa c u s t i c e
- - thalami 296
- - s a c r a l e s2 7
i xterni83-84
etales 23
- m e d i a n u s2 5 , 1 7 0 ,1 7 8 ,2 0 4 ,2 1 1 ,
- d o r s o m e d i a L2i s9 5
- splanchnicum
---viscerales23
s ajor 26-27
- e m b o l i f o r m i ss N u c L e u isn t e r - - minor 27
- - a x i t t a r i s ( - e s2 )3 , 2 2 4 , 2 2 9
2 14 - 2 15 , 2 17 , 2 1I - 2 2 0 , 2 2 9 ,2 3 3 ,
---centrales229
- s t a p e d i u s2 7 0
p o s i t u sa n t e r i o r
238-21+0,243-244, 249,252-257,
- f a s t i g i i3 0 5
- s u b c t a v i u s2 5 , 2 14 , I 2 4 , 1 2 6
---Laterates229
1 2 4 ,r 3 1 - r 3 2 , T 3 6 - T 3 7
- - p a l s y2 1 9
- g t o b o s u ss N u c l e u si n t e r p o s i t u s
- s u b c o s t a I i s2 6
---superficiates225
- - s t n r c t r r r es e o m c n t a 2
- s u b l i n g u a t i 1s 1 4 - 1 1 5
- - b u c c i n a t o r7i 6i , 1 5 0
l 19
p o s t en o r
- g r a c i t i s3 4 8 , 3 9 6
- s u b s c a p u t a r i2s5 ,2 14 , n 2 , f 2 4 ,
- - c a p i t i s7 6
crrnnlvinn
areac
)19
- m e n t a l i s7 9 ,8 1 - 8 3 ,8 5 ,1 0 1 ,
- i n t e r m e d i o l a t e r a l i3s4 6
- - cervicalea
T26,T28
s n t e r i o r e s2 3 , 1 3 6 ,
- i n t e r p o s i t uasn t e r i o r3 0 5
- s u p r a c L a v i c u [ a r e2s5 ,8 1
269
229
- m u s c u tti e n s o r i st y m p a n i2 7 5
- - p o s t e r i o r3 0 5
- - i n t e r m e d i1
p r o f u n d i7 6 , 2 2 9
i 42-143,217,225,
- i n t e r s t i t i a t i s3 9 7
- - - v e l ip a t a t i n 2
<rrnarfirialoc ??9
i 75,T3
r7
- m u s c u t o c u t a n e u2s5 ,1 7 8 ,1 9 0 ,
- L e m n i s ctia t e r a L i s3 9 6 - 3 9 7
- - l a t e r a t e s1 4 2 - 1 4 3 , 2 1 7 , 2 2 5 ,
- - - f a t e r a l e s2 3 , 7 6 - 7 7 , 2 2 9
- L e n t i f o r m i3s0 9 , 3 2 5
2 1t * - 2 15 , 2 17 - 2 18 , 2 2 9- 2 3 0 .
p r o f u n d i n f e r i o r e s7 7 ,
229-231,r7
- L e n t i s3 6 6
- - m e d i a t e s1 4 2 - 1 4 3 , 2 1 7 , 2 2 5 ,
232-236,243,252, 254,256,T24,
1 5 0 ,1 5 5 , 2 2 9
- m a r g i n a L {i sM e d u t t sap i n a t i s l
- s u p e r i o r e s7 7 ,1 5 0 ,
r29
r7
- - s t r u c t u r es, e g m e n t a 2[ 1 8
- s u p r a o r b i t a7l i9s- 8 18, 3 ,8 5 ,
316
154
- m e d i a t e s2 9 6
<rrnnlwinn aratc
)14
116, 268-269,372-373,378
s u p e r f i c i a L e1s4 3 ,1 5 0 ,
- m e d i a n i2 9 6
- m y l o h y o i d e u s7 9 ,8 3 - 8 5 ,
- suprascaputaris
229
25,147,182,
- - thalami 309
---medialesT6
145-147.151,269.19
214,229,232,235,
T24,T27-r28
lndex
Nucteusl-ij
- m e s e n c e p h a t i cnues r v it r i g e m i n i
O l i v a 2 7 3 ,2 8 6 , 3 2 8 - 3 2 9 , T 5 7
)s(-sal
P a l a t u m 11 3 ,T 5 7
- manus 171-172
- d u r u m 4 3 - 4 5 , 5 2 , 8 8 , 9 21,0 0 ,
O p e r c u l u m t - a2l8 9
- f r o n t a L e2 8 4 , 2 8 9
- m e t a c a r p 6i , 1 5 8 , 1 7 1 - 1 7 2 ,
300-301,T57
102
- m e t a t h a t a m i2 9 6
- p a r i e t a t e2 8 4 , 2 8 9
1 7 4 - 1 7 6 , 2 0 3 , 2 1 0 , 2 4 6 , 2 4 9 - 2 5 0 , - m o l t e 6 7 , 8 8 , 9 2 ,1 0 0 ,1 0 2 - 1 0 3 ,
- m o t o r i u sn e r v it r i g e m i n i
- t e m p o r a t e2 8 4
257
136,139,156
- - d e v e t o p m e n8t
- osseum93
3 0 0 - 3 0 1T
, 57
O p t i cn e r v es N e r v u so p t i c u s
- n e r v i a b d u c e n t l3s0 0 - 3 0 1 ,
- - p o L l i c i s1 7 5
O r a s e r r a t a3 6 2 - 3 6 5
P a t m a5 , 1 5 7 , 2 4 3 - 2 4 5
- m e t a t a r s i6
- c u t a n e o u si n n e r v a t i o ns,e g m e n 396-397,f57
oral 93-94
- - a c c e s s o r i3i 0 0 - 3 0 1 , T 5 7
- - d e v e l o p m e n8t
O r a l c a v i t y9 2 , 1 0 2 - 1 0 3
tat 251
- - f a c i a l i s2 7 0 ,3 0 0 - 3 0 1 T
- n a s a l e 3 4 - 3 6 ,3 8 , 4 5 - 4 6 ,/ + 8 ,
, 57
O r b i c u l u sc i t i a r i s 3 6 2 ,3 6 5
P a l m a ra p o n e u r o s is A p o n e u r o - - h y p o g t o s s3i0 0 - 3 0 1T, 5 7
O r b i ts O r b i t a
5 0 - 5 1 ,5 1 - - 5 5 , 8 6 , 8 18 3, 6 ,
s i sp a l m a r i s
- - o c u t o m o t o r 3i i 0 0 - 3 0 1 ,
p a l m a r i s1
O r b i t a5 3 - 5 5 , 9 0 - 9 11, 0 0 , 3 5 3 ,
353-354
- n a v i c u l a r ed, e v e t o p m e n8t
396-397,f57
372-375,377-378
P a t p e b r a l - a e3l 5 2 , 3 5 4 - 3 5 5
- - t r i g e m i n i3 4 8
- a r t e r i e s3 7 6
- o c c i p i t a t3
e 6 - L 0 , 4 2 , / ' 6 - 4 7 , 5 1 , - i n f e r i o r3 5 2 , 3 5 6 , 3 6 9 , 3 7 8
- - t r o c h t e a r i s3 0 0 - 3 0 1 ,
- frontalsection
378
5 7 , 1 2 1 , 1 3 6 , 2 6 1 * - 2 6 5 , 3 1 0 , 3 1 1 4- , s u p e r i o r3 5 2 , 3 5 6 , 3 6 9 , 3 7 8
- MRI 369
396-397,f57
382,400
Patsies
- of BECHTERE
- v e i n s3 7 6
- p a l a t i n u m3 8 ,1 + 2 , 4 7 , 4 9 - 5953, ,
- h e m i p t e g iIaB R O W N - S E Q U A R D ]
39
W7
- o f D E I T E R3S9 7
- v e r t i c a ls e c t i o n 3 7 8
2 6 4 ,3 5 3 - 3 5 4 3
, 88
351
- o t i v a r i s ( - e s3l 9 6
- p a r i e t a l e3 4 - 4 0 , 4 2 , 1 ' 6 - 4 7 , 5 5 ,
- m e d i a nn e r v e 2 1 9
O r g a no f c o R T ls O r g a n u ms p i r a t e
- - i n f e r i o r3 0 9 , 3 9 7
- N e r v is p i n a t e s3 5 1
Organuml-al
261,261-265
- - s u p e r l o r3 9 7
- g e n i t a l i fae m i n i n ae x t e r n a1 5
- p i s r f o r m e1 7 1 - 1 7 3 , 1 7 6 , 2 0 7 ,
- paraplegia
, m p l e t e3 5 1
co
- p a r a f a s c i c u t a r i2s 9 6
- - - interna 15
- r a d i a ln e r v e 2 2 1
209,244,249
- paraventriculare
- - m a s c u l i n a e x t e r n1a5
- - d e v e t o p m e n8t
- tractsoftheposteriorfunicutus
2 s9 5
- p o n t i n u sn e r v it r i g e m i n i
- - - i n t e r n a1 5
- sacrum6,342
351
- spirate394,157
- s c a p h o i d e u m1 7 1 - 1 7 4 , 1 7 6 - 1 7 7 , P a n c r e a s1 1 +1,6
300-301
- p o n t i s3 5 0
- u r i n a r i a1 5
205
Panniculusadiposu
7 s1
- p o s t e r i o rh y p o t h a t a m 2
- - d e v e l . o p m e nI t
i 95-296
Orientation
lines
Papillal-ae)
- p r e o p t i c2i 9 5
- h u m a nb o d y 1
- s e s a m o i d e(aM a n u s l1 7 1 - 1 7 3 ,
- c o n i c a e1 0 3
- p r o p r i u sl C o L u m npao s t e r i o r )3 4 6
- o f t h e h u m a nb o d y 1
- d u c t u sp a r o t i d e i112
175-176
- p u l v i n a r e s2 9 6
- s p h e n o i d a L 3e 1 + , 3 8 , 4 0 , 4 2 ,
- filiformes103
O r i g i n sa n d i n s e r t i o n so f m u s c l e s
- reticutare2
- hand205
- f o l i a t a e1 0 3 , 1 0 7 - 1 0 8
s96
46-41,50-51,53-57,62,136,
- ruber276,295,297,301,328,
- u p p e r t i m b1 8 6 - 1 8 7 , 1 9 2 , 1 9 8
2 6 4 - 2 6 5 , 2 7 9 , 3 5 3 - 3 5 4 , 3 5 6 , 3 5 8-, f u n g i f o r m e s1 0 3
- i n c i s i v a10 2
3 3 5 - 3 3 63, 5 0
Origo
3 6 0 - 3 6 13, 7 7 , 3 8 8
- s a t i v a t o r i ui ns f e r i o r2 7 5 ,
- m u s c t e s1 1
- s u r u r a L r3a7
- l a c r i m a t i s3 5 7
- s c a p u l a r i s { ML a t i s s i m u s d o r s i l - t a r s i 6
- - inferior352
300-301,T57
- - s u p e r i o r2 7 4 - 2 7 5 , 3 0 0 - 3 0 1 ,
- t e m p o r a t e3 4 , 3 7 - 3 8 , 4 0 , 4 2 , 4 4 , - - s u p e r i o r3 5 2
187
T57
O r o p h a r y n x1 3 9
46-1+7,53-55,58-59,62,65-66, - mammaria 224,227
- s e n s o r i up
- v a t t a t a e1 0 3 ,1 0 7 ,1 1 3 ,1 3 0 ,1 3 9
s r i n c i p a l inse r v i
O s l - s a )3 5 4
140,264-265,379-380,382,
- c a p i t a t u m1 7 1 - 1 7 4 , 1 7 6 - 1 7 7 ,
t r i g e m i n i3 0 0
3 8 8 - 3 8 93, 9 3 ,3 9 9 - 4 0 0
P a r a n a s asli n u s e s8 8 - 9 ' 1
- s o t i t a r i u s3 0 0 - 3 0 1 , T 5 7
- t r a p e z i u m1 7 1 - 1 7 2 , 1 7 4 ,
211,250,256
P a r a p h a r y n g e a l s p a1c 4e 0 - 1 4 1
- spinaLisnervitrigemini
- - deveLopmen
8t
176-177,210-211,256
P a r a p l e g i a , c o m p l e3t5e1
- carpi 6, 158,172
- - d e v e t o p m e n8t
3 0 0 - 3 0 1T
, 57
Parasympathetn
i ce r v o u ss y s t e m
- - - vagiT57
- c o c c y g i s6 , 3 1 , 2
- trapezoideum
171-174,
27
- s u b t h a l a m i c u3s0 9 , 3 5 0
- c o x a e6
176-177,211,256
Paries
- s u p r a c h i a s m a t i c u2s 9 5
- - d e v e t o p m e n8t
- - d e v e t o p m e n8t
-caroticus385
- s u p r a o p t i c u2s 9 5
- c r a n i i3 4 - 3 8 , 4 6
- t r i q u e t r u m1 7 1 - 1 7 4 , 1 7 6 - 1 7 7 , - e x t e r n u s3 9 4
- t e g m e n t a t e 2s 9 5
- c u b o i d e u md,e v e t o p m e n8t
- i n f e r i o r9 0 , 3 6 1
256
- t h a t a m i3 0 9
- c u n e i f o r m ien t e r m e d i u md,e v e l - - d e v e t o p m e n8t
- j u g u t a r i s3 8 5
- thoracicusposteri3
- zygomatlcum
o4
r 6,349
o p m e n tI
3 1 + , 4 2 , 4 6 , 5 3 - 5 4 , - l a b y r i n t h i c u3s8 5 - 3 8 6
- t u b e r a l e s2 9 5
- - [ a t e r a [ , d e v e l o p m eI n t
- L a t e r a t i3s 5 3 , 3 6 1
63,66,91,264,353-354,360,
- v e n t r a l i s l - e s J2 9 6 , 3 0 9
- - m e d i a t ,d e v e t o p m e n8t
- m a s t o i d e u s3 8 5 - 3 8 6
378
- - a n t e r i o r2 9 6
- d i g i t o r u mf M a n u s l6 , 1 5 8 , 1 7 2
- m e d i a t i s3 5 3 , 3 6 1
O s s e o u s j o i nI t
- - i n t e r m e d i u s2 9 6
- - - d e v e l o p m e n8
- m e m b r a n a c e u (sC a v i t a tsy m p a t
O s s i c u t aa u d i t u s 3 7 9 ,3 8 4 ,4 0 0
- - p o s t e r o l a t e r a t i2s 9 6
- - (Pesl 6
O s s i f i c a t i ocne n t r e s
n i l 3 8 5 ,3 8 7
-- n^crAr^mA.firlic?aA
-__
_upper/lowerlimb8
_ - l T r a c h e a1) 2 4 , 1 2 6 _ 1 2 7 , 1 2 9 ,
developmentS
- v e n t r o m e d i a l ihs y p o t h a l a m i2 9 5
- e t h m o i d a t e3 4 - 3 5 ,3 8 , 4 0 ,4 8 ,
Ostium
133,141
- v e s t i b u t a r i s l - e3s0i 0 - 3 0 1 ,
- p h a r y n g e u m t u b a e a u d i t i v8a8e,
- posteriorIMeatusacusticusex50-51,53-55,62,87,90,265,
396-397
3 5 3 ,3 7 8
136,139,11+1
ternusl 382
- - i n f e r i o r3 0 0 , 3 9 7 , T 5 7
- f r o n t a t e3 4 - 3 6 , 3 8 - 1 ' 0 , L 2 ,
- tympanicumtubaeauditivae
- s u p e r i o r3 6 1
- - l a t e r a l i s3 0 0 ,3 9 7 ,T 5 7
- t e g m e n t a t i s3 8 5
4 5 - 4 8 ,5 0 - 5 1 ,5 4 - 5 5 ,8 8 ,
385-387
- - m e d i a L i 3s 0 0 ,3 9 7 ,T 5 7
2 6 4 - 2 6 5 , 3 5 3 , 3 5365, 8 , 3 6 0 , 3 7 8 O v a [b u n d t eo f F L E c H SsI GF a s c i c u - - t y m p a n i c u s3 9 4
- - s u p e r i o r3 0 0 , 3 9 7T, 5 7
- h a m a t u m1 7 1 - 1 7 4 , 1 7 6 - 1 7 7 ,
- v e s t i b u l a r r3s9 4
l u ss e p t o m a r g i n a l i s
211,256
O v a r i e s1 5 , 3 0
P a r o t i dg l a n ds . G l a n d u t p
aa r o t i d e a
--devetopmentS
Pars
- h y o i d e u m4 5 , 6 7 , 7 3 , 9 2 , 1 0 0 ,
- a b d o m i n a l iaso r t a e1 8 - 1 9 , 2 2 ,
0
104-109,111,113-115,118,120,
P
27
- - l D u c t u st h o r a c i c u s l2 3
O a t hh a n d ,m e d i a nn e r v ep a t s y 2 1 9
123-121',126-127,129-130,
- - l M p e c t o r a t im
O b e x2 9 9 , 3 4 2
1 3 2 - 1 3 4 , 1 3 6 - 1 3191, , 1 , 1 / + 9 , 1 5 1 ,P A C C H l O Ngl a
r ann u l a t i o nss G r a n s a j o r J1 7 9 , f 2 6
- a c r o m i a l i s1 6 5 ,1 8 8 ,2 2 6 - 2 2 7 ,
O c c i p i t abto n es 0 s o c c i p i t a l e
156
u l a t i o n e as r a c h n o i d e a e
- Incae37
t - l c c i p u3t 6
P a i np a t h w a y s s e n s i b i l i t yp, r o t o T27
- i n c i s i v u m4 7 , 5 2
- a l v e o l a r i s6 0
0cutusl-il 352
pathic
- a n t e r i o rl C o m m i s s u raan t e r i o r l
O e s o p h a g u1s4 , 1 6 , 1 3 3 , 1 3 6 - 1 3 8 , - i n t e r p a r i e t a l3e7
P a l a t e1 1 3
- l a c r i m a t e3 4 - 3 5 , 5 0 - 5 1 , 5 3 - 5 5 , - h a r d 5 2 , 1 0 2
140-141,155
293,306
- m u s c t e sT 3
- - ( D o r s u mt i n g u a e l1 1 3
O t e c r a n o n1 5 7 , 1 6 6 , 1 6 8 - 1 7 0 ,
353
- o s s e o u s9 3
- - t l i g c o l l a t e r a luel n a r e ]1 6 8
1 7 8 - 1 7 9 , 1 8 5 , 1 9 1 , 2 0 0 - 2 0 2 , 2 3 1 , l o n g a7
- lunatum171-174,176-177,250 - soft 102
- - llobusquadrangularisanteri234,236,240-241
- - d e v e t o p m e n8t
O l f a c t o r yp a t h w a yT 5 7
P a t a t i n eb o n es 0 s p a l a t i n u m
or] 303
lndex
Pars
Pars orbitalis
Peduncutus[-il
- a r y e p i g t o t t i c1a2 6 - 1 2 7T, 6
- - [ M o r b i c u l a r iosc u t i ]7 0 - 7 2 ,
- c e r e b e f f a r i isn f e r i o r 2 7 6 ,
- a s c e n d e naso r t a e 1 8 - 1 9 , 2 7 ,
3 5 4 ,T 1
298-299,319
- - l N o p t i c u s )3 6 9
- - m e d i u s2 7 0 - 2 7 1 , 2 7 6 ,
119,344
- a t l a n t r c a1 5 2
- - I O sf r o n t a [ e )3 4 , 4 5 ,4 8 , 5 4 , 3 5 3
298-299,304,307.309,
- b u c c o p h a r y n g e1a3 7 - 1 3 8T, 5
- o s s e at u b a ea u d i t i v a e3 8 9
328-329,337-338
- c a e c ar e t i n a e 3 6 3
- p a t p e b r a I (i sG t a n d u tLaa c r i m a [ i s ] - - s u p e r i o r 2 7 6 , 2 9 8 - 2 9 9 ,
- c a n a t i s3 6 9
356
3 0 4 - 3 0 5 3, 2 9 , 3 4 9
- c a r t i L a g i n e[aT u b aa u d i t i v a l3 8 9
- - { M o r b i c u t a r i s o c u t7i l0 - 7 2 ,
- c e r e b r i 2 7 6 - 2 7 72
, 86-287,
- cavernosa 258-259,277-279,
3 5 4 - 3 5 5T
, 1
296-299,30 1, 307, 309, 323,325,
- parasympathica
295,390
27-29
3 3 6 ,3 7 0 ,T 5 7
- c e n t r a [ i s[ V e n t r i c u l u lsa t e r a t i s l
- p a r i e t a t i s{ S t r a t u ms y n o v i a [ e 1
- f t o c c u t i2 9 8 , 3 0 4
)1
3
1
- p a t e n s1 9
2 9 4 ,3 0 9 1 , 3 13 - 3 16 , 3 2 5
P e t v i s2 , 6
- p e t r o s a{ A c a r o t i si n t e r n a l 2 5 9 ,
- r e n a l i s1 5
3 2 7- 3 2 9, 3 3 1- 3 3 2 ,3 3 7
- c e r a t o p h a r y n g e1a0 7 - 1 0 8 ,
264
P e n i s1 5
- - ( O s t e m p o r a l e l4 0 - 4 1 , 4 4 ,
13 7 - 13 8 ,T 5
P e r i c r a n i u m7 2 - 7 3
- c e r e b r a t i s2 5 9 ,2 7 7- 2 7 9 , 2 9 5 ,
L6-47, 58, 265,382,388-389,
94
Periodontium
319,369
393,399-400
P e r i o r b i t a3 5 8 ,3 6 0 ,3 6 9 ,3 7 8
- c e r v i c a t i s{ A c a r o t i si n t e r n a l
- p o s t c o m m u n i c a(l iAs c e r e b r r
P e r i o s t e u m7 , 1 5 4 , 2 5 7
259
a n t e r i o r l 2 7 7- 2 78 , 3 19- 3 2 0 , 3 2 6
Pes 2-3
- - ( C o l u m n av e r t e b r a t i s l6
- - [ A c e r e b r ip o s t e r i o r l2 7 8 ,
- h i p p o c a m p2i 9 3 ,3 0 9 ,3 1 4 - 3 1 5 ,
- - ( D u c t u st h o r a c i c u s l2 3 , 2 2 9
318-319
336
- - [ M e d u L tsap i n a L i s3)L 2 , 3 4 5
- p o s t e r i o(rC o m m i s s u raan t e r i o r l P e t i o t u es p i g t o t t i d i 1s 2 2 - 1 2 4
- c h o n d r o p h a r y n g e1 a0 7 - 1 0 8 ,
293,306
P h at an x [- g e s l
- - [ D o r s u mt i n g u a e )1 0 3 ,1 4 1
- d i s t a t i s [ - e (sM
11 3 ,1 3 7 - 1 3 8T, 5
] a n u s j3 1 , 1 5 8 ,
- c i I i a r i sr e t i n a e3 6 2 - 3 6 3 , 3 6 5
- - t L i g .c o t t a t e r a LueL n a r e l1 6 8
1 7 1- 1 7 2 ,1 7 5 - 1 6
7, 2 5 0
- c l a v i c u t a r Ii sM d e t t o i d e u s1l 6 5 ,
- nactl:min:ric
- m e d i a l - a e[ M
lAR
) a n u s 1l 1 , 1 5 8 ,
1 8 8 ,2 2 6 ,r 2 7
p r e c o m m u n i c a t(iAs c e r e b rai n 171-172,175-176,250
- - l M p e c t o r a t im
- p r o x i m a [ i s l - elsM] a n u s l1 5 8 ,
s a j o r )1 1 8 ,
t e r i o r i 2 7 8 ,3 1 8 - 3 1 9 3, 2 6
- - [ A c e r e b r ip o s t e r i o r l2 7 8 ,
1 4 5 - 1 4 61
, 7 8 ,1 8 6 - 1 8 7
1 71- 1 7 2 , 1 7 5 - 1 76 , 2 4 9- 2 5 0
,226,
T26
318-319,327
P h a r y n g e acLo n s t r i c t o r sa n d l e v a - c o m p a c t a[ S u b s t a n t n
- p r e [ a m i n a r i 3s 6 8
I usctes
i ai g r a ]
t o r s s p h a r y n g e am
- p r e v e r t e b r a I i s1 4 6 - 14 7 , 1 5 2
2 9 7, 3 0 9
P h a r y n g e am
I u s c l e sT 5
- c r i c o p h a r y n g e1a3 7 - 1 3 8T, 5
- p r o f u n d a[ M m a s s e t e r ]6 8 , 7 3 ,
P h a r y n x 14 , 1 2 4 ,1 3 6 ,1 3 9- 1 4 1 ,I 5 7
- c u p u [ a r i s3 8 2 ,3 8 5
- i n n e r v a t i o sn e, n s i b l e1 3 9
r4
- d e s c e n d e naso r t a e 18 , 1 4 1, 3 4 4
- pterygopharyngea
- m u s c t e s1 3 8 T
137-138,
, 5
T5
- d i s t a I i s{ A d e n o h y p o p h y s i2s7J 9
- r e c t a 1 2 6 ,1 3 7 T
, 6
i aTn, g t eo f
P H I L I P P E - G 0 M B ATUr L
- d u r a l i s3 4 2
- r e t i c u [ a r i s2 9 7
317
- f t a c c i d a3 8 2
- s a c r a t i s3 4 5
P i am a t e r
- q l o s s o p h a r y n g e1a0 7 - 1 0 8 ,
- s p h e n o i d a t i s2 9 4 ,3 1 8 - 3 1 9
- c r a n i a t i s2 6 1 ,2 7 8 ,2 8 3
- s p i n a t i sI M d e t t o i d e u s1J6 5 ,
- s p i n a L i 3s 4 5
13 7 - 13 8 ,T 5
- i n f e r i o Ir N v e s t i b u t o c o c h t e a r i s l 1 8 8 , r 2 7
P I PI p r o x i m ai tn t e r p h a [ a n g ej oa iIn t l
- s q u a m o s a3 8 , 4 0 ,4 6 - 4 7 ,5 L - 5 5 ,
271
175
- i n f r a c l a v i c u l a r i s14 6 - 1/ ' 7 ,
5 8 - 5 9 ,3 8 0
P i t u i t a r yg L a n ds H y p o p h y s i s
- s t e r n o c o s t a L i1s2 0 ,2 2 6 ,f 2 6
2 14 - 2 15 , 2 2 7- 2 2 8 ,T 2 8 ,T 3 0 - T 3 6
P l a c e n t a2 2
- i n s u [ a r i s3 1 8 - 3 1 93, 2 6
- s u p e r f i c i a t Ii G
s [andu[a
P[anes
- i n t e r c a r t i [ a g i n e1a2 8 ,1 3 1
- h u m a nb o d y 1
p a r o t i d e a1l 0 9
- i n t e r m e d i [aA d e n o h y p o p h y s i s l - - l M m a s s e t e r )6 4 , 6 8 - 6 9 , 7 3 ,
- o f t h e h u m a nb o d y 1
279
r4
Planta 5
- i n t e r m e m b r a n a c e1a2 8 ,1 3 1
- s u p e r i o rI N v e s t i b u t o c o c h t e a r i s ) P L a n t aar p o n e u r o s is A p o n e u r o - i n t r a c r a n i a t i(sA ,v e r t e b r a I i s ]
271
sis ptantaris
- s u p r a c l a v i c u t a r i1s1 8 ,14 4 ,
152
P L a n t arre f t e x 3 4 6
- - { N o p t i c u s l3 6 9
I
14 9 - 15 0 ,2 1/ 1 - 2 1 52, 2 8 ,T 1 7 1 8
p [ a n t a r i s1
- i n t r a L a m i n a r3i s6 8
- s u p r a t a r s a l i s3 5 2
PLanum
- i r i d i c ar e t i n a e 3 6 3 - 3 6 5
- s y m p a t h i c a2 7 - 2 9
- f r o n t a t e[ A r t i c u t a t rcoo x a e J1 0
- L a b i a L i7s0 ,1 3 7 ,1 5 6 , r 1
- iarsatis352
- m e d i a n u m1 6 0
- [aryngep
- s a g i t t a [ e{ A r t i c u t a t i co o x a e ] 1 0
a h a r y n g i s1 4 , 1 3 9 , 3 2 4 - t e c t al F o r n i x j 2 9 2 - 2 9 3 , 3 2 7
- l a t e r a [ i s[ 0 s o c c i p i t a t e4l 6 - 4 7 ,
- t e n d i n e a( S t r a t u ms y n o v i a t e 1
- s c a p u t a r e1 6 0
)1
- tensa 382
- t r a n s v e r s u m[ A r t c o x a e l 1 0
57
- [ i b e r al F o r n i x J2 9 2 , 3 2 7
- t h o r a c i c aa o f t a e 1 8 - 1 9 , 2 2 , 2 7 ,
P l a t y s m a6 7- 6 8 ,7 0 - 7 1 ,8 0 ,
- - m e m b r i i n f e r i o r i s6
272
1 0 9 - 110 , 1 16 - 1 1 7 1
, 1 9 ,1 3 7 ,
- - - s u p e r i o r i6s , 1 5 8
- - { C o t u m nvae r t e b r a t i s6l
1 4 2 - 1 4 3 1, 4 6 ,1 5 4 , r 1
- [ u m b a t i s( C o t u m n av e r t e b r a l i s ]
- - ( D u c t u s t h o r a c i c u2s3)
Plarrr: neriet:lic 151?
- - ( M e d u t t as p i n a I i s )3 1 + 2 , 3 4 5
6
P t e x us
- - { M e d u t t as p i n a [ i s ]3 4 2 , 3 4 5
- t h y r o e p i g t o t t i c1a2 6 - 1 2 7f ,6
- a o r t i c u sa b d o m i n a t i 2s 7
- m a r g i n a L i7s0 , 3 5 3 - 3 5 4T,1
- t h y r o p h a r y n g e1a0 8 ,1 3 3 ,
- b a s i l a r i s2 6 2 - 2 6 3 2, 91 + - 2 9 5
- m y l o p h a r y n g e1a3 7 - 1 3 8T, 5
- b r a c h i a L i s2 4 - 2 5 ,11 8 ,1L 3 - 14 7 ,
13 7 - 13 8 ,T 5
- n a s a L i {s0 s f r o n t a [ e ]4 8
- t r a n s v e r s a r i 1a 5 2 - 1 5 3
14 9 - 15 0 , 1 5 5 ,2 14 - 2 1 5 ,2 2 7- 2 2 8 ,
- - p h a r y n g i s1 4 , 1 3 9 , 3 2 / 1
- t r i a n g u [ a r i s2 8 9
1 11 ,r 1 7 ,r 2 4 , r 2 8 , T 3 0 - T 3 6
- n e r v o s a3 6 8
- t u b e r a l i sl A d e n o h y p o p h y s i 2s 7
- - b r a n c h e sT 2 4
J9
^.,^-t.,i^^
^-^-Tat
- o b t i q u a1 2 6 , 1 3 7 , f 6
- t y m p a n i c a4 7 ,5 8 , 3 8 0
>uPPryil19
- opercutari2
- cardiacus 27,272
s89
P a t e L L6
a
- o p t i c ar e t i n a e 3 6 2 - 3 6 3 , 3 6 5 , 3 6 8 - d e v e t o p m e n8t
- c a r o t i c u s2 7 4 - 2 7 5
- o r a t i sp h a r y n g i s1 4 ,1 3 9 , 3 2 / +
- - c o m m u n i s1 4 0 - 1 4 1
Patel[arreflex 346
- o r b i t a L i{sG [ a n d u ttaa c r i m a t i s J
- - i n t e r n u s4 1 , 2 6 4 - 2 6 5 , 2 7 8 ,
Pathways
- afferent 347-349
3 5 4 ,3 5 5 ,3 6 0 - 3 6 13, 7 2 - 3 7 4
398
- - l G y r u sf r o n t a L i isn f e r i o r l 2 8 9
- e f f e r e n t3 4 7 . 3 5 0
- c a v e r n o s u 8s 7 . 1 0 9
il
PIexus
- c e r v i c a [ i s2 4 - 2 5 ,7 9 , 1 4 4 ,
14 6 - 14 9 ,2 14 , 2 7 3 ,T 8 ,T 10 - T 12 ,
r17,T21,r57
- - b r a n c h e sT 7
- - m u s c t ei n n e r v a t i o nT 7
-
-
crrnnl,,inn
rror<
T7
- c h o r o i d e u vs e n t r i c u [ [i a t e r a t i s
2 9 4 ,3 1 1 ,3 1 3 ,3 15 - 3 16 , 3 2 1 ,
3 2 7- 3 2 9 ,3 31- 3 3 5 ,3 3 7 - 3 3 9 3
, 70
- - - quarti 276,286,293,298,
3 0 2 ,3 0 5 ,3 0 9 ,3 1 ' 13, 1 8 ,3 3 7
- - - tertii 276,294-295,302,
3 1 1 , 3 16 - 3 1 7, 3 2 0 ,
3 2 7- 3 2 8 , 3 3 7
- c o c c y g e u2
s4,26,T40
- c o e [ i a c u s2 7
- d e n t a t i si n f e r i o r 8 5 , 1 0 1 , 2 6 9
- - s u p e r i o r1 0 1
- h y p o g a s t r i c uisn f e r i o r 2 7
- - s u p e r i o r2 7
^ ^o- ,- w
^ +u: ut ^q, u
, -r
- , , i,^(+o- P
-
ol
e'
[ u m b a t i s2 4 ,2 6
[ u m b o s a c r a L i2s6
l y m p h a t i c u sa x i t t a r i s2 2 4
mesentericusinferior 27
- s u p e r i o r2 7
oesophageus27,272
o p h t h a t m i c uTs 5 7
p h a r y n g e u sl N g L o s s o p h a r y n geusl T3
- - (N vaguslT8
- p t e r y g o i d e u s7 5 , 8 5 ,2 6 0
- p u l m o n a l i {sN v a g u s l2 7 2
- r e n a t i s2 7
- sacralis 24,26
- t h y r o i d e uism p a r 1 3 3 ,1 4 9
- t y m p a n i c u s2 7 1 , 2 7 5 , 3 9 8T,5 7
- v a s a L idse r m a t i s3 1
- - e p i f a s c i a I i3s1
- - s u b c u t a n e u3s 1
- - s u b d e r m a t i3
s1
- v e n o s u sc a n a l i sn e r v ih y p o g t o s s i
1,1,264-265
- - c a r o t i c u s i n t e r n u4s1 ,
261+-265,278,389
- - f o r a m i n i so v a t i s4 1 ,2 6 0 ,
263-265,278,389
- - p h a r y n g e u s1 3 1
- - v e r t e b r a t iisn t e r n u s4 1 ,1 5 4 ,
264-265
P t ic aI - a e l
- a r y e p i g L o t t i c1a2 8 ,1 3 9 ,1 4 1
- a x i l t a r ia
s n t e r i o r1 5 7
- - p o s t e r i o r1 5 7
- c i t i a r e s3 6 5
- f i m b r i a t a 1 0 4 ,1 0 8 ,1 1 2 ,1 1 1 ,
- g t o s s o e p i g t o t t ti a
ca
teralis'103
- - m e d i a n a1 0 3
- iridis 364-365
- l a c r i m a L i3s 5 7
- m a t t e a r i sa n t e r i o r 3 8 2 ,3 8 5 ,3 8 7
- - posterior 382,387
- n e r v i[ a r y n g esi u p e r i o r i s1 3 9 ,
1/+1
- p a t a t i n a e t r a n s v e r s1a0e2
- p e t r o c [ i n o i d eaan t e r i o r
276-277,r57
- - p o s t e r i o rT 5 7
- p h a r y n g o e p i g t o t t i c1a3 9
- s a t p i n g o p a t a t i n1 a3 6 ,1 3 9
- s a L p i n g o p h a r y n g1e0a3 ,1 3 6 ,
1 3 9 ,1 4 1
- s e m i t u n a r i sc o n j u n c t i v a e3 5 2 ,
357
- s u b I n g u a t i s1 1 2 , 1 1 4
- t r i a n g u t a r i s1 0 3
Index
Plica(-ael
Ramus(-i)anterior
Processusl-usl
Radio-ulnarjoint
- vestibulari1
- p r o x i m a t sA r t i c u l a t i o r a d i o u l - - [ N a u r i c u l a r i s m a g n u s1)4 2
s 2 7 - 1 2 9 , 1 3 1 , 1 3 3 , - t e m p o r a t i s6 6
- - [ N c e r v i c a t i s )1 4 5 - 1 4 6
- t r a n s v e r s u s1 2 1 , 1 5 3
136
n a r i sp r o x i m a t i s
- v o c a L i s1 2 7 - 1 2 9 , 1 3 1 , 1 3 3 , 1 3 6 - u n c i n a t u s ( O s e t h m o i d a5L1e J
R a d i u s6 , 1 5 8 , 1 6 7 - 1 7 0 , 1 7 2 - 1 7 4 , - - [ N c u t a n e u s a n t e b r a c h i i
- v a g i n a t i s { 0 s s p h e n o i d a5l e
P o i n t o f C A N N O N - B OTH5 M
7
m e d i a l i s ]2 1 1 , 2 3 0 , 2 3 6
6)
176-177,179,197,200-204,207,
- vocalis122,121-125,131
- - ( S u l c u sl a t e r a l i s l 2 8 9
P o t t e x1 5 7 , 1 7 1
210,250,254-256
- a s c e n d e n s[ S u L c u Ls a t e r a t i s2] 8 9
- z y g o m a t i c u (sM a x i t t a l4 2 , 4 8 , 5 2 , - d e v e l o p m e n It
Potus
- a n t e r i o (r B u t b u so c u l i l 3 6 2
- a u r l c u l a r ilsN v a g u s )8 3 - 8 5 ,
- llensl 3oo
55
- - { L e n s f3 6 2 , 3 6 L , 3 6 6
- - f O s f r o n t a l e3l 4 , 4 8 - 1 ' 9 , 3 5 3 , R a d i x ( - c e s ]
11+0,264,272,398
- f r o n t a l i s2 8 5 - 2 8 9 , 2 9 2 , 3 1 2 ,
- b r o n c h i a l e(sN v a g u s l2 7 2
- a n t e r i o r[ N s p i n a l i s 2
360
) 5,299,
- b u c c a t e s7 8 , 8 0 , 1 1 6 , 2 7 0
- - [ O s t e m p o r a l e1), 2 , 5 8 - 5 9 , 6 2 ,
333-334
3L1,350
- o c c i p i t a l i s2 8 5 - 2 8 9 , 2 9 2 , 3 1 2 ,
- c a l c a r i n u s3 7 0
- c t i n i c a9 4
66
- c a r d i a c ci e r v i c a t e isn f e r i o r e s
- c r a n i a t e s2 7 3 , 2 9 9 , f 5 7
333-334
P r o j e c t i o na r e a s
- p o s t e r i oIrB u L b uosc u t i l3 6 2
- a u d i t i o n2 9 1
- d e n t i s9 4
272
- - llensl 362,366
- m o t o r i c i t y2 9 1
- f a c i a l i s l Nc a n a l i s p t e r y g o i d e i ) - - - s u p e r i o r e s1 3 3 , 1 4 0 - 1 4 1 ,
- t e m p o r a l i s2 8 4 , 2 8 6 - 2 8 7 , 2 8 9 ,
- s e n s o r ys y s t e m 2 9 1
1/+7,272
398
- - t h o r a c i c [i N v a g u s l 2 7 2
- vision 291
- i n f e r i o rl A n s ac e r v i c a l i s ]2 5 ,
314,326
- c a r p a l i sd o r s a l i s[ A r a d i a l i s l
P o l y s y n a p t irce f l e x 3 4 6
P r o j e c t i o nt r a c t s 3 0 7
145,273
- l a t e r a l i s[ N m e d i a n u s 2] 1 5
P o n s2 5 , 2 7 , 2 6 7 - 2 6 8 , 2 1 0 - 2 7 2 ,
Prominentia
246,248
- - - (A utnarisl223,238-239,
- c a n a l i s f a c i a l i s3 8 6
- - ( T r a c t u s o p t i c u s3l 7 0
254,286,293-295,297,299,
- [ i n g u a e1 0 3 - 1 0 41, 0 7 , 1 1 1 , 1 1 3 ,
3 0 1 - 3 0 2 , 3 0 7 , 3 1 0 , 3 2 0 , 3 2 4 - 3 2 5 -, - s e m i c i r c u L a rl ai st e r a t i s3 8 6
242,248
- - p a l m a r i s[ A r a d i a t i s l2 2 3 ,
3 2 7 - 3 2 8 , 3 3 7 - 3 3 8 , 3 4 2 , 3 / ' 4 , T 5 7 - l a r y n g e a1 2 2 , 1 3 2 , 1 4 8
129-130,139
- m a t t e a r i s3 8 2
- m e d i a l i sl N m e d i a n u s 2l 1 5
Porus
242,2L5
- a c u s t i c u s e x t e r n u3s5 , 4 3 ,
- s p i r a t i s3 9 4
- - - ( A u l n a r i s l2 2 3 , 2 4 2 , 2 4 5
- - l T r a c t u s o p t i c u s3 )7 0
- m o t o r i as a n t e r i o lrN s p i n a t i s )
- c h i a s m a t i c u3s1 9
6 2 - 6 3 , 1 3 7 , 3 8 42 0, 0
Promontorium
f C a v i t atsy m p a n i l
- - i n t e r n u s3 8 , 4 0 , 5 9 2, 6 5 , 2 7 8 ,
- - l N t r i g e m i n u s1
385-387,398
l 0 1 ,2 6 8 , 2 7 7 , - c h o r o i d e upso s t e r i o r3 2 1
- c l a v i c u t a r i {sA t h o r a c o a c r o m i 3 9 0 , 4 0 0 ,T 5 7
P r o n a t i ol A r t i c u l a t i oc u b i t i ] T 2 3
286,299
- n e r v o T u mc e r v i c a l i u m3 4 1
P o s t e r i o rf u n i c u l u s p
, a t s yo f t h e
P r o s e n c e p h a l o2
n8 4
atisl 226
- c o e l i a c [i N v a g u s l 2 7 2
- - c o c c y g e o r u m3 4 1
351
P r o s t a t a1 5
- c o t t i8 1 , 1 1 0 , 1 4 3 - 1 4 4 , 2 7 0
- - l u m b a l i u m3 4 1
P r e c u n e u s2 9 0 , 3 2 9 , 3 3 1 - 3 3 2
Protuberantia
- m e n t a t i s3 5 . 6 0 . 1 0 6
- - s a c r a l i u m3 4 1
- c o m m u n i c a n s [ - t e 1s 4
Processusl-usj
j 2
- a L v e o t a rliM
- - c u m g a n g t i oc i l i a r i2 6 8
- o c c i p i t a te
- - thoracicorum
s a x i t l a 3l 4 , 4 9 ,
i sx t e r n a3 7 - 3 8 , 4 2
341
- - i n t e r n a4 0 ,5 7
- - c u m n e r v of a c i a t i3 7 7
- p a r a s y m p a t h i lcGa a n g l i o cni l 54-55,93
- a n t e r i o r l M a t t e u s3 l8 3 - 3 8 4
- - cumnervogtossopharyngeo
p r o x i m a l i s1
i a r e )2 6 7 , 2 7 4 , 3 7 4
- c i l i a r e s3 6 3 - 3 6 5
- - l G a n g l i oont i c u m ]2 7 5
P t e r y g o p a l a t ifnoes s a5 3
210,272
- c l i n o i d e uasn t e r i o r4 0 , 4 5 ,
- - l G a n g l i o pn t e r y g o p a l a t i n u m ] - - c u m n e T v oL a c r i m a t2i 6 8
Putmo16-17
- dexter 14
- - c u m n e r v ou t n a r i 2 1 5 , 2 4 4
56-57,278-279
274
- - m e d i u s5 7 , 2 7 9
- s i n i s t e r1 4
- - IGanglionsubmandibutarel - - cumneTvovag2
o70
- - p o s t e r i o r4 0 , 4 5 , 5 6 - 5 7 , 2 7 8
- - c u m n e r v o z y g o m a t i c2o6 8 ,
Putpa
275
- c o c h l e a r i f o r m3
- c o r o n a l i s9 4
- - lN trigeminus1
i s8 5 - 3 8 7 , 3 9 8
l 01
356,377,f57
- c o n d y t a r i s6 0 - 6 2 , 6 5 , 8 3 , 9 1 ,
- d e n t i s9 4
- - c u m p l e x u t y m p a n i c2o7 0
- p o s t e r i o r l Ns p i n a l i s 2
l 6,299,
- r a d i c u l a r i s9 4
- - c u m r a m o a u r i c u l a r in e r v i
1 0 0 ,1 0 9
342-343,31,5
- c o r a c o i d e u s1 6 0 , 1 6 2 - 1 6 5 ,
vagi 271
P u t v i n a r t h a t a m2
i 9 6 - 2 9 9 , 3 2 2 , 3 2 9 - s e n s o r i a( G a n g l i o nc i l i a r e l 2 7 4 ,
- - [N spinalis2
183-184,189
Punctum(-al
l 6
374
- c o r o n o r d e u s l N 4 a n d r b6u0t -a6l 3 ,
- l a c r i m a l i a3 5 2 , 3 5 7
- - lGanglronoticum
- - ( T r u n c u s s y m p a t h i c u2s7l.
27
] 5
- n e r v o s u mT 7
- - [ G a n g l i o np t e r y g o p a l a t i n u m l
6 5 ,8 3 ,9 1
147
- - l U t n a l1 6 6 , 1 6 8 - 1 7 0
- - u L n a r i s2 1 7
P u p i t t a3 5 2 , 3 5 9 , 3 6 3 - 3 6 5
271
- e t h m o i d a l i s5 1
- c r i c o t h y r o i d e ul sA t h y r o i d e as u - - f G a n g l i o ns u b m a n d i b u t a r e l
P u t a m e n2 9 4 , 3 0 8 - 3 0 9 , 3 2 6 - 3 2 8 ,
- f r o n t a t i (sM a x i t t a3l 4 , 4 6 , 4 9 - 5 0 ,
p e r i o r l1 3 6
3 3 2 - 3 3 53, 3 8 - 3 3 9
275
- - lN trigeminus1
8 6 ,3 5 3 ,3 5 6 - 3 5 7
P y r a m i dt r a c t 3 0 7 ,3 0 9 ,3 5 0
J0 1 ,2 6 7 - 2 6 8 , - - ( V t h y r o i d e sau p e r i o r l1 3 6
- - [ O sz y g o m a t i c u m9] 1 , 3 5 3
- c u t a n e u s ( -[iAl c i r c u m f l e x a
Pyramis
277,286,299,374
- i n t r a j u g u [ a r li 0s s o c c i p i t a [ e5J7
- meduItae
- s p i n a l e s2 6 4 - 2 6 5 , 2 7 3 , 2 7 6 , 2 9 9 , h u m e r ip o s t e r i o r2) 3 1
o b [ o n g a t a 2e 6 7 , 2 8 6 ,
- - l O s t e m p o r a l e5] 9
- - anteriores(Nn
299,307,T57
301,T57
t h o r a c i c i 2l 6
- j u g u t a r i s4 0 .5 7
- vermis 302-30L
- s u p e r i o r{ A n s ac e r v i c a l i s l2 5 ,
- - - p e c t o r a l e s{ N i n t e r c o s t a l i s l
- l a t e r a t i s l M a l l e u3
s l8 3 - 3 8 4 , 3 8 7
148,217,225,228
11,4-145,147-149,273,17
- l e n t i c u t a r i3s 8 3 ,3 8 7
- s y m p a t h i claG a n g t i ocni t i a r e l
- - l a t e r a l e lsN n t h o r a c i c i 2] 5 ,
- m a s t o i d e u s3 7 , 4 2 - 4 4 , 5 8 - 5 9 ,
274,374
340
Q
- - lGangtionoticum
- - - p e c t o r a l e s { Ni n t e r c o s t a l i s l
63,105,109,121,137.140-141,
2 j7 5
- - f G a n g l i opnt e r y g o p a l a t i n u m l
3 7 9 - 3 8 03, 8 6 ,3 9 9
Quadrangula
sp
r a c e 1 8 3 ,1 8 9 ,
217,225,227-228
- m u s c u l a r i s1 2 2 , 1 2 5
- - p o s t e r i o r e s { Ntnh o r a c i c i ]
191
274
- o r b i t a t i s5 3 ,5 5 ,3 5 3
- - l G a n g l i osnu b m a n d i b u l a r e )
217
- p a t a t i n u s3 8 , 4 2 ,/ ' 7 ,L 9 - 5 2 , 5 4 ,
- - l V c i r c u m f l e x ah u m e r i p o s t e 275
- - [ N t r i g e m i n u s1l 0 1
87,90,93
R
riorl231
- p o s t e r i o r( C a r t i l a g os e p t in a s i )
- - l P t e x u sc a r o t i c u si n t e r n u s l
- d e l t o i d e u s( A .p r o f u n d ab r a c h i i l
87
radialis1
267
234
- p t e r y g o i d e u s3 8 , 4 2 , 4 7 , 5 0 - 5 3 ,
- - [ A t h o r a c o a c r o m i a l i s1 )1 + / + , 2 2 6
Radiatiot-nesl
Ramus(-il
- a c u s t i c a2 9 6 , 3 0 7 - 3 0 8 , 3 9 7
- a c r o m i a t i s( A t h o r a c o a c r o m i - d e n t a L e(sA a t v e o t a r i s u p e r i o r
5 5 - 5 6 , 6 2 , 9 2 ,1 3 7 ,3 5 3 ,3 8 8
- p y r a m i d a t i4s 2 , 5 2 - 5 3 , 9 3 , 3 5 3
- c o r p o r i sc a t t o s 3
p o s t e r i o r8) 3
i 09,326,330
a l i s l 1 4 7 ,2 2 6 , 2 2 8
- s p i n o s u s4 5 ,1 3 5 ,1 5 4 - 1 5 5
- o p t i c a2 9 6 , 3 0 7 - 3 0 8
- a l v e o l a r essu p e r i o r easn t e r i o r e s - d i g a s t r i c u s8 2 , 8 1 + , 3 9 9 , T 9
3 ,3 3 - 3 3 5 ,
- s t y f o i d e u s [ O s m e t a c a r1p7i l1
- d o r s a l i s [ Nu l n a r i s ]2 1 5 , 2 1 7 ,
370-371
101
- - l O s t e m p o r a t e3l 5 , 3 7 - 3 8 , 4 2 , - t h a l a m i2 9 6
- - - medii 101
236,238-239,241,247,256
--- e x t e r n u s ( Na c c e s s o r i u s l
5 8 - 5 9 , 6 2 - 6 3 , 6 9 , 7 3 , 9 2 , 1 0 5 ,- - a n t e r i o r e s 2 9 6 , 3 0 8
posteriores33-84,
- - c e n t r a l e s2 9 6 , 3 0 7 - 3 0 8
108-109,119,137-140,
101-102
140-141,273
- - p o s t e r i o r e 2s 9 6
- a n t e r i o r l Ac o [ a t e r a t i rsa d i a t i s ]
- - l N l a r y n g e u s s u p e r i o1r ]1 ' 0
379-380,386
- - radii 157,167,169,172-174
Radio-ulnarjoint
235,239-240
f e m o r a l i s 2 6 ,T 4 0
- - u l n a e 1 5 7 , 1 6 6 , 1 7 2 - 1 7 4 , 1 7 6 , - d i s t a t s A r t i c u t a t i o r a d i o u t n a r i s - - l A r e c u r r e n s u l n a r i s2l2 3 ,
- f r o n t a l i s l Am e n i n g e a m e d i a ]
178,207
distatis
2L0
258,280
Ramus[-iJfronta[is
- - [ A .t e m p o r a t i ss u p e r f i c i a t i s l
67-68,74,82,85,258
- - p o s t e r o m e d i a t i3s 3 0
- - [ V .t e m p o r a t i ss u p e r f i c i a t i s l
68
- g a n g L i o n a r (eGs a n g t i oont i c u m l
275
- - l G a n g t i o np t e r y g o p a t a t i n u m )
268,274, T57
- - { G a n g t i osnu b m a n d i b u t a r e J
269,275
- - lGangtiong
pterygopatatinuml
r57
- - [ R a d i xs e n s o r i aN, . t r i g e m i nusl 101
- gastrici anteriores 272
- g e n i t a t i s2 6
- g t a n d u t a r i s a n t e r i o1 r1 5 , 1 3 / r
- g y r ia n g u t a r i s2 8 1
- h e p a t i c i2 7 2
- h y p o t h a t a m i c u3s1 9
- i n f e r i o r { - e s(lN . o c u t o m o t o r i u s l
2 6 7, 3 5 8 , 3 74 - 3 7 5 , 3 7 8
- - l N t r a n s v e r s u s c o t t1i l4 2
- i n f r a h y o i d e u s1 4 4
- i n t e r g a n g t i o n a r e1s5 3
- i n t e r n u sl N . a c c e s s o r i u s )
1/,0-141,273
- - ( N t a r y n g e u s s u p e r i o' r11l 5 ,
13 0 - 13 1, 1 3 4 ,1 4 0
- - l T r u n c u sn e r v ia c c e s s o r i i )
141
- i n t e s t i n a t eIsN v a g u s ) 2 7 2
- l a t e r a [ i s{ N s u p r a o r b i t a t i s l
8 2 - 8 3 ,8 s , 1 16 , 2 6 8 ,3 7 2 - 3 7 3
- [ i n g u a t e sl N f a c i a L i s2J 7 0
- - l N . g l o s s o p h a r y n g e u1s1l 3 ,
130,271
- - l N . h y p o g t o s s u s2l 7 3
- - l N . t i n g u a L i s2)6 9
- m a m m a r i it a t e r a t e s2 2 7 - 2 2 8
- m a n d i b u l a e3 4 , 4 4 - 4 5 ,6 0 - 6 3 ,
6 5 ,6 9 ,7 3 , 8 5 , 9 2 ,1 0 6 ,14 0
- m a r g i n a t im
s a n d i b u L a r7
i s8 ,8 0 ,
1 5 1, 2 7 0
- m a s t o i d e u sl A o c c i p i t a t i s 7) 4 ,
147
- m e d i a t i sI N s u p r a o r b i t a t i s )
8 2 - 8 3 ,8 5 , 1 16 , 2 6 8 ,3 7 2 - 3 7 3
- m e n i n g e u sa n t e r i o rl A . e t h m o r o a U sa n l e f l o f l J / 1 ,
374-375
- - { N m a n d i b u t a r i s4l1 ,
264-265,268,278,372
- - l N m a x i L L a r i s2)6 9 , 3 7 2
- - lN vagus) 264-265,272
- - l T r u n c u sn s p i n a t i s )2 6
- m e n t a t i s 7 4 ,8 3
- m u s c u t a r e s( N . s p i n a t i s l2 1 1 r
- - [ P l e x u sb r a c h i a t i s lT 2 4
- - [ P l e x u sc e r v i c a L i sT] 7
- m u s c u l is t y t o p h a r y n g e2i 7 ' 1T, 5
- n a s a t e sp o s t e r i o r e si n f e r i o r e s
274
- - - s u p e r i o r e sl a t e r a l e s2 6 8 ,
274
m e d i a l e s2 6 8 , 2 7 1 r
- n a s a l i se x t e r n u sI N . e t h m o i d a l i s
anteriorl82-83
- n e r v ic o c h t e a r i s3 9 4
- - ocutomotor3
i i1 9
- o c c i p i t a t i s [ - e s[ A
l auricutaris
p o s t e r i o r )7 4
- - [ A o c c i p i t a t i s7
l 4
- o e s o p h a g e a l eI sN l a r y n g e u s
recurrensl IJU
Ramus[-iJ
- o r b i t a l i sl A . m e n i n g e am e d i a l
4 1, 2 6 5
- - [ G a n g t i o np t e r y g o p a t a t i n u m l
2 6 8 , 2 74
- p a t m a r i s( N m e d i a n u s 2l 1 7 ,
236, 238-239,243-244, 256
- - l N . u t n a r i s l2 1 5 , 2 1 7 , 2 3 6 ,
238,243-245
- - p r o f u n d u s2 4 2 , 2 4 4 - 2 4 5
- - s u p e r f i c i a t i2s2 3 , 2 3 9 , 2 4 2 ,
244-246
- p a n c r e a t i cl iN v a g u s ) 2 7 2
- p a r a c e n t r a l i s2 8 1
- p a r i e t a t i(sA .m e n i n g e a
mediaJ
258,280
- - IA occipitatim
s e d i a t i s l3 3 0
- - [ A t e m p o r a t i ss u p e r f i c i a t i s )
74,82-85,258
- p a r i e t o o c c i p i t a l i2s8 1
- pectorates 225-226,228
- p e r f o r a n s l - t e s[lA . r a d i a t i s ]
248
- - [ A t h o r a c i c ai n t e r n a l 1 4 8
- - [ V t h o r a c i c ai n t e r n a ] 1 4 8
- p e r i d e n t a l e lsA . a l v e o t a r i s u p e r i o r p o s t e r i o r l8 3
- p h a r y n g e a t elsA t h y r o i d e ai n f e riorl 140
- - [ A .t h y r o i d e as u p e r i o r l 1 4 0
- - [ N g t o s s o p h a r y n g e u s1l4 0 ,
271,r5
- - { N . v a g u s1l 4 0 , 2 7 2 , 1 0 0 5 , T 5
- p o s t e r i o r{ A .c o l t a t e r a l i sr a d i a l i s J
235
- - l A . r e c u r r e n su L n a r i s l2 2 3 ,
240
- - [ N a u r i c u t a r i s m a g n u s1 ]4 2
- - [ N .c u t a n e u as n t e b r a c hm
ii ed i a t i s l2 3 0 ,2 3 6
- - [ N t h o r a c i c u s ]2 1 7 , 3 4 0
- - [ S u t c u sl a t e r a L i s2] 8 9 , 3 3 0
- - l T r u n c u sn . s p i n a t i s l2 6
- precuneatis 281,329-330
- p r o f u n d u s[ A t r a n s v e r s ac o l t i l
144-145
- - [ N . m e d i a n u s 2l 2 0
- - [ N r a d i a t i s l2 0 4 , 2 1 5 ,
238-241,248
- - lN. utnarisl 215,244-245,
T 3 6 ,T 3 8
- p u b i c u sl A e p i g a s t r i c ai n f e r i o r l
19
- r e n a t e sI N . v a g u s J2 7 2
- s i n u sc a r o t i c i2 7 1
- s p i n a t i s [ - e sl lA i n t e r c o s t a t i s
p o s t e r i o r l3 4 4
- - {A vertebratis3
j 44
- s p l e n i c il N . v a g u s l 2 7 2
- s t e r n o c l e i d o m a s t o i d eluAs o c c i p i t a t i s7l 4 ,1 4 6
- - l A t h y r o i d e a s u p e r i o r1l 1 + 5
- s t y L o h y o i d e u8s2 , 3 9 9 , T 9
- s u p e r f i c i a L li A
s t r a n s v e r s ac o [ [ i l
144-145,229
- - [ N m e d i a n u s2
l 20
- - { N r a d i a t i s l1 7 8 , 2 1 5 , 2 1 7 ,
2 2 1 ,2 3 6 ,2 3 8 - 2 / + 12,4 6 - 2 4 7 ,
256
- - lN utnarisl 215,244-245,138
- s u p e r i o r { - e lsNl . o c u t o m o t o r i u s l
267,373-34
7,378
- - [ N t r a n s v e r s u s c o t t1i l4 2
- s u p r a h y o i d e u s1 4 4
- t e m p o r a t e{sN .f a c i a L i s6J8 , 7 8 ,
80,270
- t e n t o r i u s2 6 8 , 3 7 2
Ramus[-i]
- terminates
lA cerebrimedial
294,332
- thyroideus
273
lN hypogtossusl
- tonsittarisl-esl
[A.patatina
ascen0ensl I rJ, rJU
- - [ N g t o s s o p h a r y n g e u1s1l 3 ,
130,271
- t r a c h e a l e s[ A t h y r o i d e ai n f e r i o r ]
130
- t r a p e z i u sI P l e x u sc e r v i c a L i s2l 5
- v e n t r a t e(sN .s p i n a t i s 2l 1 4 , I 1 2
- z y g o m a t i c6i 8 ,7 8 , 8 0 ,1 1 6 , 2 7 0
- zygomaticofaciatis82, 268
- z y g o m a t i c o t e m p o r a t8i s2 , 2 6 8
R ap h e
- m y t o h y o i d e a1 0 6
- patati 102
- p a l p e b r a l i sl a t e r a L i s3 5 2 ,3 5 4 ,
356
- p h a r y n g i s1 3 8
- p t e r y g o m a n d i b u t a r i9s2 , 1 0 2 ,
137
R e c e s ssu
- a r t i c u [ a r i s9
- a x i l t a r i s 1 6 2 ,1 6 4 ,1 8 3
- c o c h l e a r i s3 9 2
- e t t i p t i c u s3 9 2
- e p i t y m p a n i c u3
s 8 2 ,3 8 1 + - 3 8358, 7
- i n f u n d i b u t i2 9 5 ,3 0 2 ,3 11 , 3 1 7 ,
3 2 7, 3 3 6
- L a t e r a l ivse n t r i c u tqi u a r t i 3 0 4 ,
311
- m e m b r a n a et y m p a n i c a es u p e r i or 385
- p h a r y n g e u 8s 8 , 1 3 6 ,1 3 9 , 3 8 9
- p i n e a [ i s2 9 5 ,3 1 1 ,3 1 7 ,3 3 4
- p i r i f o r m i s 1 2 8 ,1 3 1 ,1 4 1 ,1 5 4
- s a c c i f o r m i sl A r t i c u [ a t i or a d i o u t n a r i sd i s t a t i s j2 5 6
- s p h e r i c u s3 9 2
- s u p r a o p t i c u s2 9 5 ,3 1 1 ,3 1 7 ,3 2 7 ,
336
- s u p r a p i n e a l i s2 9 5 ,2 9 7 ,3 1 1 ,
3 17 , 3 3 3
- triangutari3
s17,327
R e c t u m1 4 , 1 6 - 1 7
RefIexes
- A c h i t t e st e n d o nr e f t e x 3 4 6
- c r e m a s t e r i cr e f l e x 3 4 6
- m o n o s y n a p t irce fl e x 3 4 6
- patet[arreftex 346
- p L a n t ar e f l e x 3 4 6
- poLysynaptic
reflex 346
- s p i n a lc o r d 3 4 6
- s u p e r f i c i aal b d o m i n a rLe f l e x 3 4 6
R e gi o l- n e s l
- a b d o m i n a l i sl a t e r a l i s4
- a n a l i s5
- a n t e b r a c hai in t e r i o r4 - 5 , 1 5 7 ,
236,238-239
- - p o s t e r i o r4 - 5 , 1 5 7 , 2 3 6 , 2 4 1
- a x i t l a r i s4 - 5 , 1 5 7
- b r a c h iai n t e r i o r4 , 1 5 7 , 2 3 0
l5t-
tJJ
F v v r e
-
i
r v r
234-235
b u c c a t i s3 2
c a l c a n e as C a t x
c a p i t i s3 2
c e r v i c a t i s l - e s3l 2
- a n t e r i o r / 4 , 3 2 ,1 4 2 ,1 / + 4
- l a t e r a t i s4 , 3 2 , 1 4 2 - 1 4 7
- p o s t e r i o r5 , 3 2
c o r p o r i s4 - 5
c r u r i sa n t e r i o r 4 - 5
- p o s t e r i o r4 - 5
Regio[-nesl
- c u b i t a t i sa n t e r i o r 4 , 2 3 0 , 2 1 + 0
- - p o s t e r i o r5 , 2 3 1
- d e t t o i d e a4 - 5 , 3 2 , 1 5 7
- e p i g a s t r i c a4
- f e m o r i sa n t e r i o r 4
- - p o s t e r i o r5
- frontatis 32
- g e n u sa n t e r i o r 4
- - p o s t e r i o r5
- g l u t e a l i s5
- h y p o c h o n d r i a c 4a
- inframammari4
a
- i n f r a o r b i t a l i s3 2
-
i^i-^---^,,t^-:ililr drLdPUror
-
i n g u i n a l i s4
L u m b a t i s5
m a m m a r i a4
mentalis32
n a s a l i s3 2
o c c i p i t a t i 5s , 3 2
o l f a c t o r i aT 5 7
oralis 32
o r b i t a l i s3 2
p a r i e t a l i s5 , 3 2
p e c t o r a t i s4
p r e s t e r n a t i s4
p u b i c a4
s a c r a l i s5
s c a p u t a r i s5 , 2 3 5
s t e r n o c t e i d o m a s t o i d e4a,
rr
E
J
JZ
-
surae 5
t e m p o r a t i s3 2
u m b i t i c a [ i 4s
u r o g e n i t a t i s4
v e r t e b r a t i s5
z y g o m a t i c a3 2
R e gi o n s
- of the head 32
- - d e e p ,v e s s e l sa n d n e r v e s 8 1
- - [atera[,vessetsand nerves 80
- o f t h e h u m a nb o d y / r
- o f t h e n e c k 3 2 ,8 0 - 8 1
f { t t 5 5 N t t s( m e m o r a n es H a n e s
vestibu[aris
Ren15-17,30
R e s p i r a t o rtyr a c t ,o v e r v i e w1 4
Rete
- acromia[e 226-227,231,235
- articu[arecubiti 215, 234-235,
241
- c a r p a t ed o r s a l e 2 4 1 , 2 4 6 , 2 4 8 ,
250
- - palmare250
- v e n o s u md o r s a t em a n u s 2 4 7
R e t i c u t u mt r a b e c u t a r e3 6 2 ,
364-365
R e t i n a 1 1 7 ,3 6 2 - 3 $ , f 5 7
- v e s s e t s3 6 7
Retinacu[um
- m u s c u t o r u me x t e n s o r u m
l M a n u s l 17 8 - 17 9 , 1 94 , 2 0 0 - 2 0 3 ,
210-211, 241,246, 248,256
- - f L e x o r u ml M a n u s l 1 8 0 ,
207-209, 211, 243-245,
249-250,256
R e t r o v e r s i [oA r t i c u t a t i o
coxae]
10
R h o m b e n c e p h a t o2n8 4
Rhomboidfossa 299
Rima
- gtottidis 128,131, 133
- oris 14
- p a l p e b r a r u m3 5 2 ,3 5 4 - 3 5 5
- v e s t i b u t i1 3 3
R o dc e t l s 3 6 3 , 3 7 0
Index
R 0 L A N D 0F,i s s u r eo f , S u t c u so f 2 8 9
R 0 L L E Rn
' su c t e u s3 9 7
R o S E N T H sAvLe i ns V e n ab a s a L i s
Rostrum
- [ C o r p u sc a [ L o s u m2l 9 2 , 2 9 5 ,
3 0 2 ,3 0 6 ,3 1 3 ,3 15 - 3 16 , 3 2 0 ,3 2 6 ,
334,337
- s p h e n o i d a [ e5 6
Rotatio
- [ A r t i c u t a t ihou m e r i lT 2 3
- e x t e r n al A r t i c u l a t i oc o x a e ] 10
- i n t e r n a[ A r t i c u [ a t i o
c o x a e J1 0
R o t a t o rc u f f 16 3 ,1 8 2 ,1 8 4
5
Septum
- i n t e r v e n t r i c u t a r2
e2
- [ i n g u a e1 0 4 , 1 0 8 , 1 1 4
- n a s i 4 4 ,6 8 - 6 98
, 7 , 9 0 - 9 1 1, 0 0 ,
116-117,135,139
- - o s s e u m3 4 , 4 6 , 5 0 , 6 2
- o r b i t a [ e3 5 6 ,3 7 8
- peLLucidum
2 76 , 2 9 2 ,2 9 5 ,2 9 8 ,
309,3 15-317, 320,323-327
3 3 ' 1 - 3 3 33, 3 7
- s i n u u ms p h e n o i d a L i u2m7 9
S h o u l d egr i r d l es C i n g u t u mp e c tora[e
S h o u t d ej ro i n ts A r t i c u l a t i ho u m e r i
S h o u L d emr u s c t e s1 8 2 - 1 8 L ,
T26-r28
S h o u t d erre g i o n
- arteries235
S a c c uI u s
- l a r y n g i s1 3 1 , 1 3 3
- nerves235
- v e s t i b u [ a r i s3 9 3 - 3 9 4
S H R A P N E Lm
L ' es m b r a n es P a T s
f t ac cid a
S ac cu s
- e n d o l y m p h a t i c u3s 9 3
Sinus
- [ a c r i m a t i s3 5 4 ,3 5 7
- c a r o t i c u s2 5 8 , I 5 7
- v e s t i b u l a r iss S a c c u l u s v e s t i b u - - c a v e r n o s u s2 6 0 ,2 6 2 - 2 6 3 2
, 77,
laris
279,369,r57
- d u r a em a t r i s 2 6 2 - 2 6 3
S a g i t t aa
t xis 1
- f r o n t a f i s3 8 ,4 4 - 4 5 ,5 0 - 5 1 ,5 4 ,
S a g i t t a Ip [ a n e 1
S a l i v a r yg t a n d s ,m a j o r s G t a n d u l . a e
87-91,116,369
- - d e v e l o p m e n9
t0
s a t i v a r i a em a j o r e s
i n t e r c a v e T n o s lu- i l 2 6 2 - 2 6 3 ,
S c a[ a
- tympani391-394
279,295
- v e s t i b u L3i 9 1 - 3 9 4
- - a n t e r i o r2 7 9
- - p o s t e r i o r2 7 9
S c a l e n u sm u s c l e s 11 8 ,1 2 0 - 1 2 1 ,
- m a r g i n a t i s4 1 ,2 6 2 - 2 6 5
T 11
- m a x i t t a r i s4 4 - 4 5 ,4 9 ,5 2 , 5 4 - 5 5 ,
S c a p h a3 8 0
S c a p u t a6 , 1 5 5 ,1 5 8 ,1 6 0 ,1 6 4 - 1 6 5
6 8 - 6 9 ,8 8 - 9 1 ,1 0 0 - 1 0 11, 0 9 ,1 1 6 ,
3 2 4 , 3 5 3 , 3 5 73, 6 0 - 3 6 1 3, 6 9 ,3 7 8 ,
S c a p u t apr t a n e 1 6 0
ScHLEMM
C ,a n a oI f s S i n u sv e n o r57
- - d e v e t o p m e n9t 0
susscLerae
- o c c i p i t a t i s2 6 2 - 2 6 3 2
, 78
S C H U L T sZ E
c o m m at r a c t s F a s c i - paranasales 11+,
88-91
c u [ u si n t e r f a s c i c u l a r i s
- p e t r o s u si n f e r i o r 4 1 , 2 6 2 - 2 6 5
s c H W A L BsEn u c L e u s3 9 7
- - superior262-263
, 7 8 ,I 5 7
S c t e r a3 6 2 - 3 6 43
- p o s t e r i o r3 8 6
S c r o t u m1 5
- rectus 260,262-263,276, 311
S e g m e n t so f t h e s p i n a Lc o r d 3 4 1
- s a g i t t a t i si n f e r i o r 2 6 0 ,2 6 2 ,2 76 ,
Segmentumt-aJ
- cervicalia 341-343
294,321
- c o c c y g e a3 4 1
- - superior 116-117,260-263,
- l u m b a L i a3 4 1 - 3 4 3
276, 280-281,294, 311, 321
- m e d u [ [ a es p i n a t i s3 4 1
- s i g m o i d e u sL 1 , 1 4 0 - 1 4 1 2, 6 0 ,
- s a c r a l i a3 4 1
262-265,278,399
- t h o r a c i c a3 4 1 - 3 4 3
- s p h e n o i d a t i3s8 , 4 5 ,5 0 - 5 1 , 5 5 ,
S e t t at u r c i c a 3 8 , 5 7 ,8 8 , 2 7 9
6 2 , 8 7- 8 9 , 9 1, 1 3 6 , 2 7 9 , 3 2 4 , 3 6 9 ,
r57
Semicana[is
- s p h e n o p a r i e t a t i2s6 0 ,2 6 2 - 2 6 3
- m u s c u t ti e n s o r i st y m p a n i3 8 6 ,
- t r a n s v e r s u s14 0 - 14 1 ,2 6 2 - 2 6 3 ,
3 8 9 ,3 9 8
- t u b a ea u d i t i v a e3 8 8 - 3 8 93, 9 1 , 3 9 8
399
- t y m p a n i3 8 6 , 3 9 8
Sensibitity
- v a l v u l a e2 1
- d e e p ,u n c o n s c i o u3s4 9
- v e n o s u ss c l e r a e 3 6 2 - 3 6 4
- e p i c r i t i c( p a t h w a y so f e p i c r i t i c
s e n s i b i t i t y3
l 48
S i p h o nc a r o t l c u m2 5 9
- p r o t o p a t h i cI p a t h w a y so f p r o t o S k e t e t am
I u s c l e s ,o v e r v i e w1 2 - 1 3
p a t h i cs e n s i b i t i t y 3
l 48
Sketeton
- b o n em a r r o w ,h a e m a t o p o i e t i c ,
S e n s o r yc e [ [ sI C r i s t aa m p u t t a r i s l
distribution
7
395
- o s s e o u sp o i n t s ,p a t p a b l e7
S e n s o r ys y s t e m
- association
area 2i1
S k i n ,s t r u c t u r e 3 1
- nrniortinn aroz 191
SkuLL
33-38,44-47
Spatiuml-al
Septum
- c a n a [ i sm u s c u l o t u b a r3i i8 6 - 3 8 7 , - a x i t t a r e
t a t e r a t e1 8 3 ,1 8 9 ,1 9 1
- - m e d i a l e1 8 3 ,1 8 9 ,1 9 1
3 8 9 ,3 9 8
- i n t e r m u s c u [ a r e3 1
- e p i d u r a l e1 3 6 , 1 5 L
- i n t e r v a g i n a [seu b a r a c h n o i d a L e
- - b r a c h iti a t e r a t e1 7 8 - 1 7 91, 8 5 ,
362,368
187, 191, 200-202,234,2s2
- - - m e d i a t e1 7 0 , 1 7 8 , 1 8 7 ,
- lateropharyngeum
140-141
18 9 - 19 0 , 1 9 4 - 1 9 8 , 2 1 9 - 2 2 0 , - o e s o p h a g o t r a c h e a1L2e9 ,1 3 6
- p e r i c h o r o i d e u m3 6 2
232,238,240,252-253
S t r o m ai r i d i s 3 6 4
Spatium(-a)
- r e t r o o e s o p h a g e u1m3 6
S t r u m an o d o s a1 3 5
- r e t r o p h a r y n g e u 1m3 6
S u b a r a c h n osi dp a c e3 11
- s u b a r a c h n o i d e u1 m
1 6 , 1 5 L , 2 6 1 ,S u b c u t i3
s1
p r o m o n t o r i3i 8 6
Subiculum
278,311,325
- z o n u l a r i a3 6 3 - 3 6 5
S u b i n t i m a9
S p h e n o i d abto n es O ss p h e n o i d a [ e S u b m a n d r b u tga[ra n ds G l a n d u t a
s ub m an di buL ar i s
Spinal-ael
- h e t i c i s3 8 0
S ub s t an t i a
- atba261,315,329,345
- m e n t a t i s6 0 - 6 1
- c o m p a c t a7
- - s u p e r i o r1 0 6
- gelatinosa 345-346
- n a s a l i s4 8
- - a n t e r i o r 3 4 - 3 5 , 1 , 1 , , L 9 , 5 1 - 5 2 , - - c e n t r a L i s3 4 5
- g r i s e a3 15 , 3 2 9 ,3 4 5
87
- - c e n t r a l i s2 9 7
- - p o s t e r i o r1 , 2 , 4 9 - 5 2
- - i n t e r m e d i ac e n t r a t i s3 4 6
- o s s i ss p h e n o i d a t i4s0 , 4 2 ,5 3 ,
- tentis366
5 6 ,6 2 ,3 8 8
- n i g r a 2 76 - 2 7 7 ,2 8 7 ,2 9 7 ,3 0 9 ,
- p a l a t i n a e5 2
- s c a p u [ a e1 6 0 ,1 6 2 - 1 6 3 ,
336,350
- p e r f o r a t aa n t e r i o r 2 8 6 , 2 9 7
1 7 8 - 1 7 9 1, 8 2 - 18 3
- - p o s t e r i o r2 8 7 , 2 9 5 , 2 9 7 , 3 1 8
- s u p r a m e a t i c a5 8
- p r o p r i ac o r n e a e3 6 4
- tympanicm
a ajor387
- - s c l e r a e3 6 8
- - minor387
- s p o n g i o s a7
S p i n acl o r d
- s M e d u [ [ as p i n a [ i s
Sutcus(-il
- a n t e r o l a t e r a l i s3 4 2 ,3 4 5 ,f 5 7
- reflexes 346
- - [ M e d u t t ao b t o n g a t a ]2 7 3
- s e g m e n t s3 4 1
e ediae
S p i n a Ln e r v e ss N e r v u s l - i s] p i n a t e s - a r t e r i a em e n i n g e a m
278
S p l e e ns S p l e n
- - t e m p o r a t im
s e d i a e5 8
S p l e n1 6 - 1 7
- a r t e r i o s i 3 8 - 4 0 ,5 6 ,5 9
, 95,
S p t e n i u m2 76 , 2 8 7 ,2 9 2 - 2 9 3 2
306-3073
, 1s , 3 2 0 ,3 2 1 , 3 3 2 - 3 3 3 , - b u t b o p o n t i n u s3 0 2
- c a t c a r i n u s2 8 7- 2 8 8 , 2 9 1- 2 9 2 ,
337,370
Squama
- frontatis 31+-35,
47-48,50,55,353
- o c c i p i t a t i s3 8 , 4 6 - 4 7
S S AI s p e c iifc s o m a t i ca f f e r e n c e ]
3 0 0 - 3 0 1T, 5 6
S t a p e s 3 7 9 ,3 8 2 - 3 8 3 3
, 8 5 ,3 8 7 ,
3 9 3 ,3 9 9
STENSEN
{ S' sT E N 0 NdIu c ts D u c t u s
p ar o tId e us
S t e r n o c t a v i c u [ jaori n t s A r t i c u t a t i o
s t er n o c [ a vci uI ar is
Sternum 6
Stratum
- b a s a l e3 1
- c o r n e u m3 1
- - { s t r i c t us e n s u l3 1
- f i b r o s u m[ C a p s u taar t i c u t a r i ss]
M e m b r a n af i b r o s a
- - [ V a g i n tae n d i n i s ]' 1' 1 , 2 1 3
- germinativum
31
- granulosum
{ C e r e b e t t u m3l0 5
- - { C u t i s l3 1
- l u c i d u m3 1
- m o l e c u t a r e{ C e r e b e l t u m3l 0 5
- n e r v o s u m3 6 2 , 3 6 8
- p a p i L L a r3e1
- pigmentosum
362,368
- r e t i c u t a r e3 1
- s p i n o s u m3 1
- synoviate
I C a p s u t a r t i c u t a r i ss]
M e m b r a n as y n o v i a t i s
- - l V a g i n a t e n d i n 1i s1l , 2 1 3
S t r i aI - a e J
- L o n g i t u d i n a tliast e r a l i s 2 9 3 ,3 1 2 ,
328
- - m e d i a l i s2 9 3 , 3 1 2 , 3 2 8
- m a t t e a r i s3 8 2
- m e d u [ [ a r i s ( - etshla t a m i2 9 5 ,
327-328
- - ventricuq
t iu a r t i 2 9 9 , 3 1 1
- o l f a c t o r i aL a t e r a t i s2 8 6
- t e r m i n a t i s2 9 8 ,3 1 3 ,3 1 5 - 3 1 7 ,
-332
3 2 7- 3 2 8 , 3 3 1
- v a s c u l a r i s3 9 4
307,313, 320,323-324,329,
, 7 0 - 3 71
3 3 3 - 3 3 43
, 3 7 - 3 3 83
- caroticus 1+0,56-57, 278
- centraLislCerebruml 281,-285,
2 8 9 - 2 9 0 , 3 0 73, 10 , 3 1 2 , 3 2 0 , 3 2 4 ,
3 3 0 - 3 3 23
, 37-339
- - insulae289
- c e r e b r a lh e m i s p h e r e s2 8 7 , 2 8 9
- c i n g u [ i 2 8 5 ,2 8 8 ,2 9 2 ,3 2 6 ,3 3 1 ,
337
- c i r c u L a r i sn s u t a e2 8 9 , 3 2 6
- collateratis 287-288, 314-315,
334-336
- c o r p o r i sc a t t o s i3 0 7 ,3 2 6
- f r o n t a t i si n f e r i o r 2 8 5
- - superior285
- hippocampatis287-288,
314-315,335-336
- h y p o t h a [ a m i c u s2 9 5 ,3 1 7 ,3 2 0 ,
3 2 8 ,3 3 5
- i n f r a o r b i t a t i4s9 ,5 3 - 5 5 , 3 5 3
- i n t e r m e d i u sp o s t e r i o r2 9 9 ,3 4 5
- i n t e r t u b e r c u t a r i s16 1- 1 6 2 , 16 5
- intraparietatis 285,289-290
- [ a c r i m a [ i st M a x i t t a J4 9
- - [ 0 s t a c r i m a t e i3 5 3
- l a t e r a L i s2 8 8 - 2 9 0 3, 0 9 - 3 1 0 3
, 26,
3 2 8 ,3 3 0
- [imitans299-300
- lunatus 289,332-334
- m e d i a n u st i n g u a e1 0 3
- - p o s t e r i o r{ M e d u t t ao b t o n g a t a }
299_300, 31,2_343,31,5
- - { V e n t r i c u t uqsu a r t u s l
298-299,311
- m u s c u t si u b c l a v i1i 5 9
- m y t o h y o i d e u6s0 , 6 2
- n e r v ip e t r o s im a j o r i s 4 0 , 3 9 1
---minoris40
- - r a d i a l i s1 6 1 ,1 9 1
- - u l n a r i s1 6 1 , 1 7 0
- o c c i p i t o t e m p o r a t i2s8 7
- oLfactorius286-287
- orbitales 286-287
ii.iiriirtrl
lndex
S u t c u s-li l
- p a t a t i n u s l -5
i l2
- - major 93
- p a t p e b r a Lsi u
s p e r i o r3 5 2
-
'16?
nrlnohrnnr<rli<
- p a r i e t o o c c i p i t a t i2s8 5 ,2 8 8 - 2 9 0 ,
2 9 2 ,3 0 7 ,3 2 0 ,3 2 9 ,3 3 1- 3 3 2 ,3 3 7
- postcentratis285,289-290
- posterolateratis299,342-343,
3 4 5 ,T 5 7
-
nroronfralic
lQq
19,9
- p f e c h i a s m a t i c u s5 7 ,2 7 9
- p r o m o n t o r i i3 8 6
- r e t r o o t i v a r i s2 71 - 2 7 2 ,I 5 7
- s c l e r a e3 5 2
- s i n u sp e t r o s ii n f e r i o r i s4 0 , 3 9 1
---superioris40
- - s a g i t t a t i ss u p e r i o r i s3 9 - 1 ' 0
- - s i g m o i d e[i0 s o c c i p i t a t e5J7 ,
278
- - - ( 0 s t e m p o r a t e )3 8 ,4 0 , 5 9 ,
3 9 0 - 3 91
- - t r a n s v e r s i3 8 , / + 0 , 5 7
- s p i r a l i se x t e r n u s3 9 4
- - i n t e r n u s3 9 4
- subparietalis 329,331-332
- temporatisinterior 286-287,
289
- - superior285,289,329,
332-335
- t e r m i n a l i sl L i n g u a J1 0 3 ,1 4 1
- t u b a ea u d i t i v a e5 6
- t y m p a n i c u s3 8 6
- v e n o s i3 9
S u t c u so f R O L A N D208 9
S u p e r c i t i u m3 5 2 , 3 7 8
S u p e r ifc i a La b d o m i n a rI e fl e x 3 4 6
S up in a t i o
- l A r t i c u [ a t icou b i t i lT 2 3
- l A r t i c u [ a t i ot a t o t a r s a t i sT
] 39
S u p p o r t i ncge [ [ sI C r i s t aa m p u L t a r i s 3J 9 5
S u r f a c ea n a t o m y
- in the female 2-3
- in the mate 2-3
S u t ur a
- c o r o n a t i s3 4 - 3 6 ,3 8 - 3 9 ,4 5 - 4 7 ,
261
- e t h m o i d o t a c r i m a l5i s5
- f r o n t a l i s4 6 - 4 7 , 1 1 7
- f r o n t o t a c r i m a l i s3 4 - 3 5
- f r o n t o m a x i t t a r i s3 4 , 5 4 ,8 6
- f r o n t o n a s a l i3s4 ,5 0 , 8 6
- f r o n t o z y g o m a t i c3a4 - 3 5 ,9 1 , 1 1 7
- i n c i s i v a5 2
- i n t e r m a x i [ L a r i3s4
- i n t e r n a s a t i s3 4
- [ a c r i m o m a x i [ [ a r i3s 5
- l a m b d o i d e a3 5 - 3 9 ,4 4 - 4 6
- n a s o m a x i l t a r i s3 4 - 3 5 ,8 6
- o c c i p i t a l i st r a n s v e r s a3 7 ,4 7
- o c c i p i t o m a s t o i d e3a5 ,3 7 , 4 0
- p a l a t i n am e d i a n a4 2 , 5 2 , 9 3
- - t r a n s v e T s4a2 , 4 9 , 5 2 , 8 7
- p a t a t o m a x i L L a r9i 3
s
- p a r i e t o m a s t o i d e3 a5 , 3 7
- s a g i t t a t i s3 6 - 3 7 ,4 4 ,4 7 , 2 6 1
- sphenofrontali3
s 1 r - 3 5 , 4 05, 5
- s p h e n o p a r i e t a l i3s 4
- s p h e n o s q u a m o s3a5 , 4 0
- s p h e n o z y g o m a t i c3a4 - 3 5 ,3 5 6
- s q u a m o s a3 5 , 3 7 - 3 8
- t e m p o r o z y g o m a t i c3a5
- v o m e r o m a x i t t a r i8
s7
- z y g o m a t i c o f r o n t a t5
i s1 r
- z y g o m a t i c o m a x i [ t a r3i s4 - 3 5 ,
5 3 - 5 4 .117
T i b i a6
- d e v e l o p m e n 8t
t i b i a L i s1
Tongue
- s Lrngua
- m u s c l e ss M u s c u t u s [ -liiln g u a e
T o n stit a[ - a e J
- cerebelli 286,302-305,320,329
- [ i n g u a l i s1 0 3 ,1 1 3
- p a t a t i n a9 2 , 1 0 2 - 1 0 3 1, 0 8 ,11 3 ,
130,136,139,141,r57
- p h a r y n g e a8 8 ,9 2 , 1 3 6 ,1 3 9 ,1 4 1 ,
156
Torus
- l e v a t o r i u s1 3 6 ,1 3 9
- m a n d i b u [ a r i6s 0
- t u b a r i u s 8 8 ,9 2 , 1 3 9 ,1 4 1
, 24,
T r a c h e a 1 4 ,1 1 5 ,1 1 8 - 1 1 9 1
126-127, 129-130, 132-136,138,
1 4 1 ,1 4 7, 1 5 5
T r a c h e o t o m y11 8
- lower 118
- u p p e r1 1 8
Tracts
- o f e p i c r i t l sc e n s i b i t i tsy s e n s i b i [ T
i t y ,e p i c r i t i c
- o t p r o t o p a t h i sc e n s i b i [ i t sy s e n Taenia
- c h o r o i d e a2 9 8 , 3 1 7
s i b i L i t yp, r o t o p a t h i c
- fornicis293,316-317
Tractus
- t h a t a m i3 ' i 7
- b u t b o r e t i c u t o s p i n a t3i s5 0
- c e r e b e t t o r u b r a t i3s2 8 ,3 5 0
T a t u s ,d e v e l o p m e n 8t
- corticospinaa
T a p e t u m3 0 6 ,3 1 3 ,3 2 9 ,3 3 1- 3 3 2 ,
t i ns t e r i o r3 0 7 ,
338
3 1 ' 73, 5 0
- - l a t e r a l i s3 0 7 , 3 4 7 , 3 5 0
Tarsus
- i n f e r i o r 3 5 1 - - 3 5 63,7 8
- f rontopontinus 296, 307-3Og
- h y p o t h a t a m o h y p o p h y s i a2t 9
- s u p e r i o r3 5 4 - 3 5 63, 7 8
i s5
- o l f a c t o r i u s8 8 ,2 76 , 2 8 3 ,2 8 6 ,
Tectum337
- m e s e n c e p h a l2i 6 7 ,2 8 7 ,2 9 5 ,
292,318,326,370
- o p t i c u s 2 76 , 2 9 2 ,2 9 6 - 2 9 7 2
, 99,
297,302, 320,323-324,335-336,
3 0 7 ,3 0 9 ,3 2 7 ,3 3 6 ,3 6 9- 3 71 ,r 5 7
348,370,T57
- paraventriculohyPoPhYsiatis
T e e t h ,p e r m a n e n t9 6 - 9 7
Tegmen
295
- tympani400
- p y r a m i d a l i s3 0 7 ,3 0 9 ,3 2 8
- v e n t r i c u tqi u a r t i 3 0 4 - 3 0 5
- r e t i c u t o s p i n a [ i3s4 7 ,3 5 0
- r u b r o s p i n a t i s3 4 7 ,3 5 0
T e g m e n t u mm e s e n c e p h a t2i 8 7 ,
- r u b r o t h a l a m i c u s3 5 0
295,297,302,323,328,335-337
- s p i n o c e r e b e t t a rai sn t e r i o r 3 1 1 7 ,
Tela
- c h o r o i d e av e n t r i c u tqi u a r t i 2 9 8
349
- - - tertii 295,302,315-317,
- - p o s t e r i o r3 4 7 , 3 4 9
- s p i n o o t i v a r i s3 4 7- 3 4 9
320-321,327-329,
- s p i n o r e t i c u [ a r i3
s48
3 3 2 - 3 3 33
, 37
- subcutanea
- s p i n o t e c t a l i s3 4 7 - 3 4 8
254,256
- s p i n o t h a [ a m i c au ns t e r i o r
Tolonronhelnn
?Al
347-348
T e m p o r ab
l o n es O st e m p o r a t e
- - lateralis 3/.7-348
T e m p o r o m a n d i b ujtoairn ts A r t i c u - s p i r a l i sf o r a m i n o s u s3 9 1 , 3 9 7
l a t i ot e m p o r o m a n d i b u t a r i s
- s u p r a o p t i c o h y p o p h y s i a2t i9s5
T e n d o { - i n e s1l 1
- t e c t o s p i n a t i3s4 7 , 3 5 0
- i n t e r m e d i u s1 5 1
- vestibulospina3
t i5s 0 , 3 9 7
T e n d o ns h e a t h sh, a n d 11 , 2 0 8
- - l a t e r a l i s3 5 0 , 3 9 7
T e n t o r i u mc e r e b e L t2i 6 2 ,2 76 , 3 2 1 ,
- - m e d i a t i s3 4 7 , 3 5 0 , 3 9 7
r57
- v e s t i b u l o t h a [ a m i c u3s9 7
T e s t i s 15 , 3 0
T r a g u s3 8 0 , 3 8 2
T h a t a m u s2 8 4 ,2 9 2 ,2 94 - 2 96 , 2 9 8 ,
exis 1
302,308,316-317, 320,322-325, T r a n s v e r s a
plane 1
Transverse
327-328, 332-334,337-338,348,
350,397
T r i a n g L oe f P H I L I P P E - G o M B A3U4L7T
- c o r t i c a Ip r o j e c t i o n2 9 6
T r i a n g u t asrp a c e 1 8 3 ,1 8 9 ,1 9 1
- nuclei 296
Trigonum
- c a r o t i c u m3 2
T h e n a r 1 5 7 ,1 8 0 ,2 0 6 ,2 1 3 ,2 4 9 ,
- clavipectoral4
e, 225-226
256
- c o [ [ a t e r a l e3 1 3 - 3 1 6 3
- m u s c l e sT 3 6
, 3 4 ,3 3 8
- femoris 4
T h o r a c i ca p e r t u r eu p p e r 1 4 9
- habenutar2
e98
Thorax 2,6
- [emniscL
i a t e r a l i s2 9 8
T h y m u s3 0
- m u s c u L a r [eo m o t r a c h e a t e3] 2
T h y r o i dc a r t i l a g es C a r t i [ a g ot h y - n e r v ih y p o g l o s s2i 9 9
rotoea
T h y r o i dg t a n ds G L a n d u ttah y r o i d e a - - vagi 299
S V AI s p e c i f i cv i s c e r a a
I fferenceJ
3 0 0 - 3 0 1T, 5 6
S V E{ s p e c i f i cv i s c e r a a
I fference]
2 7 4 - 2 7 5 , 3 0 0 - 3 0T15, 6
S Y L V I UASq, u e d u c o
t f s Aqueductus
m e s en c ep h a[ i
S Y L V l af n
i s s u r es S u L c u sl a t e r a l i s
ICerebrum]
S y m p a t h e t i cn e r v o u ss y s t e m 2 7
S y m p a t h e t i tcr u n k s T r u n c u s
s y mp a r nIc u s
Symphysis
- m a n d i b u L a4e6 ,6 1
- m a n u b r i o s t e r n a t1i s5 9
Synchondrosi9
s
- p e t r o o c c i p i t a t1i s3 8 - 1 3 93, 9 1
- s p h e n o p e t r o s a3 9 0 - 3 9 1
S y n d e s m o s i s9
S y n o s t o s i s9
Systema
- n e r v o s u mc e n t r a [ e2 4
- - periphericum
24
.i
I r.rrlrl
l
Trigonum
- o l f a c t o r i u m2 8 7 ,2 9 2 ,2 9 7
- omoclavicu[are
32,119
- s u b m a n d i b u t a r e3 2 , 1 5 1
- s u b m e n t a t e3 2
TrochLea
- humeri161,168,170
- { M o b [ i q u u s u p e r i o r l3 5 8 , 3 6 1 ,
375
T r u n c u s l - 2i l- 3 , 6 , 2 5
- b r a c h i o c e p h a t i c u1s8 - 1 9 ,2 2 ,
1 2 1 ,1 3 6 ,14 1 ,1 5 2 - 1 5 3 2, 7 2
- bronchomediastinalis 23, 229
- cerebri 24,302
- c o e l i a c u s1 8 - 1 9 ,2 2 ,2 7
- - b r a n c h e s1 9
- ( C o r p u sc a [ [ o s u m ]2 76 , 2 9 2 ,
, 0 9 ,3 13 - 3 14 ,
2 94 , 2 9 8 ,3 0 6 - 3 0 7 3
320,32/+-328,331,337
- c o s t o c e r v i c a t t's1 9 ,15 2
- encephati 284,286,293,
298-299,320
- i n f e r i o r2 5 , 1 5 3 , 2 1 4
- i n t e s t i n a [ i s2 3
- jugutaris23,133,229
- t u m b a t i s2 3
- [ u m b o s a c r a l i s2 6
- m e d i u s2 5 , 1 5 3 , 2 1 4
- n e r v ia c c e s s o r i i1 / ' 1 , 2 7 3
- - s p i n a t i s2 6 , 3 4 4
- p u [ m o n a t i s2 2
- s u b c t a v i u s2 3 , 2 2 9
- s u p e r i o r 1 4 4 - 1 4 51
, 5 3 ,2 1 4
- s y m p a t h i c u s2 7- 2 9 , 4 1 ,
140-11,1,147, 153-15/1
- t h y r o c e r v i c a t i s1 9 ,1 4 1 ,1 4 6 - 1 4 7 ,
152-153,228
-
,v ,o^9 ^o u^Jr -
^^+^.i^.
1a
aaa
- - poslerior 27,272
Tuba
- a u d i t i v a1 0 1 , 3 7 9 , 3 8 7
3 ,8 9 ,4 0 0
- u t e r i n a1 5
Tuber
- cinereum 286-287,297,370
- f r o n t a l e3 6 , 4 6 , / + 8
- m a x i t l a e1 r 9
- parietate 35-36, 1,6-1'7
- vermis 302-304
TubercuLum(-al
- a n t e r i u st h a l a m i 2 9 8
- - {Vertebra
c e r v i c a l i s l1 2 1
- a r t i c u t a r e4 2 , 5 8 - 5 9 ,6 3 ,6 5 - 6 6 ,
100
- a u r i c u t a r e3 8 0
- c a r o t i c u ms T u b e r c u l u ma n terius
- c o n o i d e u m1 5 9
- c o r n i c u [ a t u m1 2 9 ,1 3 6 ,1 3 9 ,1 4 1
- c u n e a t u m 2 76 , 2 9 8 - 2 9 9 , f 5 7
- c u n e i f o r m e1 2 6 - 1 2 7 1
, 2 9 ,1 3 6 ,
1 3 9 ,1 4 1
- dentis 94
- d o r s a t e1 6 7 , 1 7 4
- epigtotticum
127
- g r a c i [ e2 7 6 , 2 9 8 - 2 9 9
- i n f r a g t e n o i d a t1
e 6 0 ,1 6 2 ,1 6 5
- j u g u [ a r e5 7
- m a j u s 1 6 1 - 1 6 3 ,1 6 5 ,1 8 4
- m e n t a t e6 0 ,1 0 6
- minus 161,165
- o s s i ss c a p h o i d e1i 7 1 , 1 7 6
- - t r a p e z i i1 7 1 - 1 7 2
- p h a r y n g e u m4 2
- p o s t e r i u sl V e r t e b r ac e r v i c a l i s ]
45
- s e t t a e4 0 ,5 7
- s u p r a g l e n o i d a1
t e6 0
Tuberculum[-a]
- t h y r o i d e u mi n f e r i u s 1 0 8 ,1 2 2
- - superius122
Tuberositas [-tesI
- d e t t o i d e a1 6 1
- m a s s e t e r i c a6 0 , 6 2
- p h a l a n g i sd i s t a l i sl M a n u s l
1 71- 1 7 2 , 211
- pterygoidea 60-62,66
- radii 167-170
- u l n a e 1 6 6 ,1 6 8 - 1 6 9
T u b u [ a rb o n es t r u c t u r e 7
Tunica
- conjunctiva
butbi 352,357,
359-360,362
- - p a l p e b r a r u m3 5 2 , 3 5 5
- fibrosa butbi 363
- i n t e r n ab u t b i 3 6 3
- m u c o s al l a r y n x ) 1 3 1
- - l i n g u a e 1 0 4 ,1 3 0
- - o r i s 9 3 ,1 0 7 - 1 0 8
- - l P h a r y n x )1 2 4
- - l s r n u sm a x t l l a n s l J 5 /
- - l T r a c h e a )1 2 9
- m u s c u l a r i s( O e s o p h a g u s1) 3 8 ,
141
- v a s c u t o s ab u t b i 3 6 3
Tympaniccavity 382, 385-387,399
- watts 385
T y m p a n i cm e m b r a n es . M e m b r a n a
tympani
Typesof muscles 11
Vagina[-ae]
- t e n d i n i s d i gliM
tianus1
l 1,180,
208,211,246,257
- - intertubercularis 162-164,
182-183,190
- - m u s c u [ ia b d u c t o r i sp o l l i c i s
t o n g i 2 0 7 - 2 0 82
, 11,2/+6
- - - e x t e n s o r i sc a r p iu t n a r i s
211
d i g i t im i n i m i 2 1 1
digitorum211,246
indicis 211,246
potticisbrevis 207-208,
211,2t+6
- t o n g i2 1 1 , 2 / + 6 , 2 5 7
- - - f t e x o r i sc a r p ir a d i a l i s
207-208,211,2t+6
p o t t i c i st o n g i 1 7 5 ,
207-208,211,257
- t e n d i n u mm u s c u t o r u me x t e n s o rum 211,246
c a r p i r a d i a t i u m2 1 '
246
Va[[ecuta
- cerebe[[i 304
- e p i g t o t t i c a1 3 0
VaLLum
unguis31
V a t v u l a ve e n o s a e2 1
Vasl-a)
- t y m p h a t i c u m l - a2l 3
- - p r o f u n d a3 1
- - s u p e r f i c i a l i a3 1 , 1 5 0 , 2 2 / +
- s a n g u i n e ar e t i n a e 3 6 3 , 3 6 7
Veinlsl
- head 260
U
- of GALEN
s . V e n am a g n ac e r e b r i
- of LABBE260
Utna6, 158,166,168-170,
172-17
4, 176-177
,200-202,20/+, - s y s t e m i cc i r c u l a t i o n2 0
207,209-210,253-256
Ve[um
- development
- meduttareinterius 276,299,
8
Utnarcana[256
304-305
- - s u p e r i u s2 7 6 , 2 9 5 , 2 9 8 - 2 9 9 ,
u[naris1
Umbomembranae
tympanicae
3 0 2 ,3 0 4 - 3 0 5 3
, 29
- p a l a t i n u ms . P a t a t u mm o [ [ e
382,385
Uncus286-288,
290,292,314,
336, V e n a [ - a e ]
- a t v e o t a r i si n f e r i o r 116 - 1 17
- a n a s t o m o t i c sau p e r i o r 2 8 1
Upperarms. Arm
- a n g u [ a r i s7 5 , 2 6 0 , 3 7 6
Upperthoracic
aperture149
- anterior septi peltucidi 321-322,
Ureter15
Urethra
326,333
- feminin1
- a u r i c u t a r i sp o s t e r i o r 1 4 2 - 1 4 4
a5
- m a s c u t i n1a5
- a x i [ [ a r i s2 0 , 1 4 6 - 1 4 82, 2 4 ,
Urinary
andgenitaI
tract
- in thefemale,
overview
15
- in thema[e,overview
15
Uterus15
Utriculus393-394
Uveas. Lamina
vascuLosa
Uvu[a
- patatina92,102,113,139
- vermis 302-304
V a g i n a l - a e1l 5
- c o m m u n i st e n d i n u mm u s c u L o r u m f l e x o r u m 2 0 8 ,2 11
- e x t e r n an e r v io p t i c i 3 5 8 , 3 6 2 ,
3 6 8 - 3 6 93
, 78
- i n t e r n an e r v io p t i c i 3 6 8 - 3 6 9
- m u s c u [ ir e c t ia b d o m i n i s1 7 9 ,
225
- nervi optici 265,T57
- p r o c e s s u s t y t o i d e i5 9
- s y n o v i a t ids i g i t o r u mm a n u s 2 0 8
- - t e n d i n i s9 , 1 1
-
-
-
LZ I -ZZY
- azygos20-21
- basatis260,294,322
- basilica20,178,221+,
230,232,
236-237, 247, 252-25/+,
256
- brachiates
20,227,229,
252-254
- brachiocephaLica
228
- - dextra20-21,77,141,149,
-
V
Vena[-aeJ
- c i r c u m f t e x ah u m e r ip o s t e r i o r
2 2 7, 2 3 1
- - s c a p u t a e2 2 7
- c o l i c ad e x t r a 2 1
- - m e d i a2 1
- - sinistra21
- c o m i t a n sn e r v ih y p o g l o s s7i 5 ,
114
- c o n j u n c t i v a l iasn t e r i o r 3 6 3
- d i p t o i c a e2 6 1
- - f r o n t a l e s7 5 , 2 6 1
- - o c c i p i t a l e s7 5 ,2 6 1
- - t e m p o r a t e sa n t e r i o r e s7 5 ,
-
-
Venalael mediana
- - basitica 236-237
- - c e p h a t i c a2 3 7
- - cubiti 20,170,178,230,
236-237,254
- m e n i n g e am e d i a 2 6 3
- m e s e n t e r i c ai n f e r i o r 2 0 - 2 1
- - superior20-21
- n a s o f r o n t a l i s7 5 , 3 7 6
- occipitatis 75, 142-11+/+,
148-149,260,281
- ophthatmicainlerior 260,264
- - superior 41,260,263,265,
278,376,378
- o v a r i c a2 0 - 2 1
zdl
- - posteriores75,261
- parietales 281-282, 291+
- p h a r y n g e a e7 5 , 1 4 0
e m i s s a r i a l - a ecl o n d y t a r i s4 1 ,
- p h r e n i c ai n f e r i o r 2 1
75,264
- frontatis 260
- p o p t i t e a2 0
- m a s t o i d e a7 5 ,2 6 0
- p o r t a eh e p a t i s 2 0 - 2 1
- o c c i p i t a l i s2 6 0
- portales hypophysiates295
- parietalis 75,260-261
- p r o f u n d a l - a ec)e r e b r i 3 2 2
- - faciei 85
e p i s c [ e r a [ i s3 6 3
- - femoris 20
f a c i a L i s6 9 ,7 5 ,8 2 , 8 5 ,1 0 9 - 11 0 ,
- - l i n g u a e1 1 5
1 1 6 ,1 1 8 ,1 t + 3 - 1 / +154, 8 - 1 t + 91,5 1 ,
- r e c t a l i ss u p e r i o r 2 1
260,376
- renalis20-21
f e m o r a l i s2 0
- r e t r o m a n d i b u l a r i s7 5 ,8 2 , 8 5 ,
f r o n t a t e s2 8 1
g a s t r i c a2 1
110, 143-1t+6,148-149, 151, 260
- s a c r a l i sm e d i a n a 2 1
g a s t r o o m e n t a t i s2 1
- s a p h e n am a g n a 2 0
h e m i a z y g o s2 1
- a c c e s s o r i a2 1
- - parva 20
- s i g m o i d e a e2 1
h e p a t i c a e2 0 - 2 2
- spl.enica20-21
itei 21
- subclavia 20-21, 23, 77, 118,
iliaca communis 20-22
- e x t e r n a2 0 - 2 1
1 2 1 ,1 4 1 ,1 4 5 ,1 4 9 , 2 2 6
- interna20-21
- s u b f a s c i a l i s3 1
- s u b t i n g u a l i s1 1 0 ,1 1 4 - 1 1 5
i t i o L u m b a t i2
s1
- s u b m e n t a t i s7 5 ,8 2 , 8 5 , 11 0 ,
inferiores cerebri 294
i n f r a o r b i t a [ i s3 7 8
145,148
- s u b s c a p u l a r i s2 2 7
i n t e r c a p i t u [ a r el M
s anus]247
- superiorescerebri 260,262,
i n t e r c o s t a l epso s t e r i o r e s2 1
interna cerebri 260,294,
281-282,294
- s u p r a o r b i t a t i s3 7 6
31 6-317, 321-322, 328-329, 333
- s u p r a r e n a [ i s2 1
i n t e r o s s e ap o s t e r i o r 1 9 7
- suprascapu[ari2
i n t r a m u s c u t a r i s3 1
s 29
- supratrochlearis 75
inlra<pntala<
?1
- t e m p o r a l i sm e d i a 8 2 , 8 5
jejunates
21
- - s u p e r f i c i a t i6s8 , 7 5 , 8 5 1
j u g u t a r i 1s 3 5
, 09
- anterior20,118,133,143,
- t e s t i c u t a r i s2 0 - 2 1
- t h a [ a m o s t r i a t sau p e r i o r 2 6 0 ,
148-149,155,229
- externa
2 0 , 7 5 , 8 0 - 8121, 0 ,
294, 313-3 17, 321-322, 328-329,
119,135,1/+2-149,
151,
3 3 1- 3 3 3 ,3 3 7
- t h o r a c i c ai n t e r n a 2 0 , 1 4 8 - 1 4 9 ,
154-155,229
- interna20-21,23,69,73,75, 1 5 3
- - lateralis147,227-229
77,118,133,1t+0,
1/+/+,
- t h o r a c o a c r o m i a t i1
146-151,
15/+-155,260
s 4 5 ,1 4 8
Labiatis
inferior75
tta
- superior75
- thoracodorsalis 227-228
- t h o r a c o e p i g a s t r i c a1e4 7 ,
tabyrinthi
4'1,265
lacrimalis376
224-225,227-228
tcJ
laryngea
superior108,114,131, - t h y m i c a e 1 4 9
- sinistra20-21,121,136,141, 1 3 7 , 1 4 1
- t h y r o i d e ai n f e r i o r 1 3 6 ,1 3 9 ,
- [ateraLis
1/+6-147
ventricu[i
lateralis322
1 4 7 - 1 4 91
, 55
,149,153
- [inguaLis
- - media 133,149
cavainferior20-22
115-116,
134
- s u p e r i o2r 0 - 2 2 , 1 2 1 , 1 1 + 1 , 1 1- +[umbaLis{-esJ
- - s u p e r i o r7 5 ,1 1 0 ,1 3 3 ,1 3 6 ,
9,
21
- - ascendens
153
21
145,147-149
'1
- m a g n ca e r e b r2i 6 0 , 2 6 2 , 2 7 6 , - t i b i a l e sa n t e r i o r e s2 0
centra[is
retinae 16,363,368
cephalica
20,118,144-149,
178,
302,311,316-317,320-322,329, - - posteriores 20
- t r a n s v e r s ac o t t i 8 1 , 1 4 3 ,
22/+-226,
228-231,236, 2t+7,
334,337,370
- maxiLLaris
252-25t+,256
69,75,85
148-149,229
- mediaprofunda
- u m b i l i c a l i s2 2
cerebri 294
cerebri294
- v e r t e b r a l i s1 3 3 ,1 5 3 ,1 5 5
profunda75,153
cervicalis
322
- superficiatis
- - superficiatis
148
cerebri281,29/+, - vorticosa 363
choroidea
inferior322
326
V e n o u ss i n u s e ss . S i n u sd u r a e
- superior322
- mediana
antebrachii
230,
matris
citiaris
anterior363
236-237
Venousvatves 21
Venter
- anterior 68,72-73, 77, 81+,106,
110 - 111 , 1 1 4 ,1 16 - 11 7 ,1 1 9- 1 2 0 ,
137,144-146,11+8-1
51, T9, T57
- frontalis 70-73, 354,I1
- i n f e r i o r1 0 5 ,1 1 8 - 1 2 01, 4 / + - 1 / + 6 ,
14 8 , 15 0 , 18 2 - 18 3 , 1 8 6 ,1 8 9 , 2 2 8 ,
T10
- o c c i p i t a t i s7 1 - 7 3 ,1 4 2 ,I 1
- p o s t e r i o r7 3 ,1 0 5 - 1 0 61, 1 0 ,
118-120,137-1 41,399,T9, T57
- s u p e r i o r1 0 5 ,1 1 0 ,1 1 4 ,1 1 9 - 1 2 0 ,
1 4 4 ,1 4 6 - 1 4 7, 1 5 0 , 2 2 9 , 1 1 0
V e n t r i c t e t ssl V e n t r i c u [ u s [ - i ]
V e n t r i c uI u s [ - Ii
- c o r d i sd e x t e r 2 2
- - sinister22
- e n c e p h a l3i 1 0 - 3 1 1
- l a r y n g i s 1 0 4 ,1 2 7 ,1 2 9 ,1 3 1
IJJ
- lateratis277,293-294,
296, 298,
309,311,313-317,
320-321
-339
323-329,331
- - w a t t s3 1 3
Ventriculus[-i]
- q u a r t u s2 7 6 , 3 0 2 , 3 0 53 ,1 0 - 3 11 ,
320,324,329,337
- tertius 276, 294-295,298,302,
3 0 9 - 3 11 ,3 1 6 - 3 1 73, 2 0 ,3 2 3 - 3 2 5 ,
327-328,333-334,336
Venu[a
- m a c u [ a r i si n f e r i o r 3 6 7
- - s u p e r i o r3 5 7
- m e d i a l i sr e t i n a e3 6 7
- n a s a t i sr e t i n a ei n f e r i o r 3 6 7
---superior367
- t e m p o r a t i sr e t i n a ei n f e r i o r 3 6 7
---superior367
V e r m i sc e r e b e t t i2 76 , 2 8 6 ,
2 9 7- 2 9 8 ,3 0 2 - 3 0 3 3
, 12 , 3 15 - 3 16 ,
320, 323-324, 329, 33/+-337
349-350
Vertebrae
- cervicates 133-13/+,152-151+
- c o c c y g e a se. 0 s c o c c y g i s
- lhnreeirao
1q? 16q
V e r t e b r acI a n a Is . C a n a t i sv e r t e braLis
Vertex 36
- c o r n e a e3 6 2
Vesica
- b i L i a r i s1 1 r1, 7, 2 2
- f e t t e as . V e s i c ab i l i a r i s
- u r i n a r i a1 5 , 2 2
v e s t i b u t a r9 3 - 9 4
Vestibutum
- L a b y r i n t h3i 9 2
- laryngis129,133
- n a s i 1 4 , 8 8 1, 3 6
- o r i s 1 4 ,1 0 3 - 1 0 4
V i b r i s s a e9 2
Vincu[uml-al
- breve 209
- tonga 209
- tendinum209,213
V i s c e r o c r a n i u m5 4
Vision
- associationarea 291
- projectionarea 291
V i s u a If i e t d ,s t a b i [ i s a t i o n3 9 6
V i s u a lp a t h w a y3 7 1
- b t o o ds u p p t y 3 7 0
V o c a IL i g a m e nst L i g a m e n t u m
vocate
Votas. Palma
Vomer 34, 38, 42, /+7,50, 54, 62, 87,
264
w
WERNICKE
ce
' sn t r e 3 9 7
w l L L I SC
, i r c l eo f s C i r c u t u sa r t e r i o suscerebri
Wrists. Carpus
Wrist-drop,radial nerve patsy 221
Yellowspot s. Macula lutea
z
Z o nu[ a
- ciLiaris 362-364
- Z I N NsI Z o n u [ ac i [ i a r i s