Sobotta Atlas of Human Anatomy - Volume 1

Atl.as
of Human Anatomy
Edited
by R. Putz
and
R.
Pabst
In
co[[aboration
with Renate
Putz
Translation
by S. Bedoui
Volume
1
Head,
Neck,
Upper
Limb
14th
edition,
newly
edited
727
colour
ptates
with 1070 figures
Booklet
ltabl.es
of musctes,
joints
and nervesJ
URBAN & FISCHER
MUnchen
.Jena

Attas
of Human Anatomy
Votume I
Head,
Neck, Upper
Limb

Correspondence and feedback
should be addressed
to:
Etsevier
GmbH, Urban & FischerVertag, Department
for Medicat
Student Information,
Atexander
Gattnarzik, KarlstraBe
45,80333
Munich,
Germany
e-mai[: medizinstudium@etsevier de
Addresses of the editors:
Professor
Dr med Reinhard Putz
Vorstand des Anatomischen lnstituts
der Ludwig-Maximi[ians-Universitbt
PettenkoferstraBe
1 1
80336 MUnchen
Germany
e-mait: reinhard.putz@med
uni-muenchen de
Professor Dr. med. Reinhard Pabst
Leiter der Abteitung
FunktionetLe und
Angewandte Anatomie
Medizinische Hochschu[e Hannover
Car[-Neuberg-StraBe
1
30625 Hannover
Germany
e-mait:
pabst
[email protected]
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information
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by Die
Deutsche Bibtiothek
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pubtication
in the Deutsche
Nationa[-
bibtiografre; detaited bibtiographic
data is avai[ab[e
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at
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Att rights reserved
14th edition 2006
O2006 Etsevier GmbH, Munich
Urban
& Fischer Verlag is an imprint of
Elsevier GmbH
0506070809 51,321
AtL rights, inctuding transtation, aTe reserved
No
part
of this
pubLication
may be reproduced, stored in a retrievaI system, or transmitted in
any other
form
or by any
means, electronic, mechanica[,
photocopying,
recording, or otherwise without
the prior written
permission
of the
pu
b li sher.
The 14th edition of the Sobotta
Atlas consists of two
votumes and a
booklet
containing tables
(enctosed
in
Volume 1l:
VoLume 1: Head, Neck, Upper Limb
Votume 2: Trunk, Viscera, Lower Limb
TransLation: Dr. med Sammy Bedoui, Hannover
Editoriat
staff at Elsevier: Dr med Dorothea Hennessen
Alexander Gattnarzik
Dr. rer. nat Andrea
Richarz
ltlustrators: Ulrike Brugger,
Munich; Rijdiger HimmeLhan,
Heidelberg;
Horst RuB, Munich; Henriette Rinteten,
Vetbern
Book
production:
Renate Hausdorf,
Munich
Composed by: Typodata,
Munich
Printed and bound by: Appt,
Wemding
Cover design: Carsten Tschirner, Munich
Printed on Nopacoat 1 15
g
Printed
in Germany
ISBN-1 3: 978-0-443-1 0348-3
ISBN-1 0: 0-443- 1 0348-8
This attas
was founded
by Johannes Sobottat,
former
Professor of
Anatomy
and
Director of
the AnatomicaI
Institute of the
University of
Bonn, Germany
German Editions:
1't
Edition:
1904-1907
J F. Lehmanns
Vertag,
Munich
2"d-1
1th Edition: 1913-19t+4
J F. Lehmanns
Vertag, Munich
12th
-20rh
Edition
: 1 948- 1 993
Urban & Schwarzen
berg,
M unich
13th Edition:
1953, editor
H Becher
14th Edition:
'1956,
editor H.
Becher
1 5th Edition:
1 957,
editor H Becher
16th Edition;1967,
editor
H Becher
17th Edition:
1972, editors
H. Ferner
and J. Staubesand
18th Edition:
1982, editors
H Ferner and J Staubesand
1 9th Edition:
1 988, editor
J Staubesand
20th Edition:
1 993, editors
R Putz and
R Pabst
21't Edition:
2000, editors R Putz and R Pabst, Urban
& Fischer Vertag,
Munich
22"d Edition:
2006, editors
R Putz and
R Pabst, Elsevier
GmbH, Munich
Foreign
Editions:
Arabic
Edition
Modern
TechnicaI Center,
Damascus
Chinese
Edition
IcompLex
characters)
Ho-Chi Book
Pubtishing
Co, Taiwan
Chinese
Edition
{simptified
Chinese
edition}
Elsevier,
Heatth Sciences
Asia, Singapore
Croatian
Edition
Naktada
Stap, Jastrebarsko
Dutch
Edition
Bohn Stafteu
van Loghum,
Houten
Engtish Edition
(with
nomenclature
in Engtish)
AtLas
of Human Anatomy
Lippincott
Wittiams &
Witkins
Engtish
Edition
lwith
nomenclature
in Latinl
Atlas of
Human Anatomy
ELsevier
GmbH,
Urban & Fischer
French Edition
Attas
d'Anatomie
Humaine
Tec & Doc
Lavoisier,
Paris
Greek Edition
lwith
nomenclature
in Greekl
Maria
G Parissianos,
Athens
Greek Edition
lwith
nomencLature
in
Latinl
Maria
G Parissianos,
Athens
Hungarian
Edltion
az
ember anat6mi5j5nak
atlasza
Attiter
Kiad5i, Budapest
lndonesian
Edition
Atlas
Anatomi
Manusia
Penerbit
Buku Kedokteran
EGC,
Jakarta
Ita[ian Edition
Atlante
di Anatomia
Umana
UTET,
Torino
lanrnoco Fdiiinn
lgaku Shoin
Ltd, Tokyo
Korean
Edition
ShingHeung
MedScience,
SeouI
PoLish Edition
Attas anatomii
cztowieka
Urban & Partner,
Wroclaw
Portuguese
Edition
(with
nomenclature
in EngtishJ
At[as de
Anatomia Humana
Editora
Guanabara
Koogan, Rio de Janeiro
Portuguese Edition
lwith
nomenclature
in
Latinl
Atlas de
Anatomia Humana
Editora
Guanabara Koogan,
Rio de Janeiro
Spanish Edition
At[as de Anatomia
Humana
Editoriat
Medica
Panamericana,
Buenos Aires/Madrid
Turklsh Edition
lnsan Anatomisi
At[asi
Beta Basim
Yayim Dagitim,
lstanbuI
Current information by
www
eLsevier.com
and www etsevier.de

GeneraI
anatomy
C o nte nts
Preface
Parts
and regions
of
the body
Passive
locomotor
system
Active [ocomotor
system
Digestive
and respiratory
system
Urinary
and
genitaI
system
Surface projection
of
internal
organs
.
Cardiovascutar
system
Central
and peripheral
nervous
system 24-29
Endocrine
organs . 30
Skin
and appendages 31
32-117
Regions
of head
and neck,
Regiones
capitis
et cotli
. 32
Bones
of the
skult,
Ossa
cranii 33-61
TemporomandibuLar
joint,
Articulatio
temporo-
mandibu[aris,
and
masticatory
musc[es
FaciaI musc[es
Vessels
and
nerves
of head
and
neck
Nose,
Nasus
externus,
and
nasaI
cavity,
Cavitasnasi
...
ParanasaI
sinuses,
Sinus
paranasales
. .
0raI cavity,
Cavitas
oris,
and
teeth, Dentes
Patate,
Palatum
Tongue,
Lingua
.
Hyoid
bone,
0s hyoideum,
and hyoidal.
muscLes
. . .
. . .
Suprahyoid
musc[es,
Muscul.i
suprahyoidei,
and
external
muscles
of the
tongue . . . 1 06-1 08
Major
sativary
gtands,
GtanduLae
salivariae
majores .
. j0g-112
Arteries
and nerves
of the
oral
cavity .
. 1 13
Vessets
and nerves
of the
tongue . . . . j14-1js
Frontal
sections through
the head . . . 116-j17
118
156
Muscles
of the
neck . jj}-12j
Larynx,
Larynx
. .... jL2-j3j
Thyroid
gLand,
Gl.andul.a
thyroidea . . . 132-135
Pharynx,
Pharynx ... j36-14j
Vessetsandnervesoftheneck ...... iLZ-153
Sections
through
head
and
neck . . . . 1 54-1
55
Uppertimb.. .....157-ZS7
Surface anatomy jS7
Bones,joints,tigaments .... jig-j77
Musctes
of the
upper Limb
. .
. j7g-2j3
Vesselsand
nervesof
the
upperl.imb
.. ..... 2j4-ZS1
Sections
through
the
arm . . . ZS2-ZS7
Cranial
base,
Basis
cranii . .. 264-265
CraniaI nerves, Nervi
craniates .....
Parasympathetic
aangtia
of the head
CraniaI nerves, topography
CraniaI base, vessets and neryes
CraniaI dura mater, Dura mater
craniaLis, and
cranial
arachnoid mater, Arachnoidea
mater crania[is . . . .
.
Structure
of the brain and brain devetooment
TeLencephaton,Tetencephaton
.....
Diencephalon, Diencepha[on
Mesencephalon, Mesencephaton
. .
Brainstem,
Truncus encephati
Nuctei
of
the
craniaI nerves .
Cerebeltum,
CerebeLtum
Association
and commissuraI tracts
InternaI capsute, Capsu[a interna, pyramidaI
tract
and basal
gangtia
VentricuLar
system and subarachnoid
space
Vessets of the brain
Magnetic resonance tomographic
images of
the brain . 323-325
Frontal
sections through the brain . . . 326-329
Horizontal
sections through the brain 330-336
SagittaL sections through
the brain . . 337-339
Spinal cord, Medulla spinalis .. . . 340-351
Eyetids, Palpebrae, and orbit,Orbita
. 352-355
LacrimaI apparatus, Apparatus
[acrima[is . .
. 356-357
Extra-ocutar
musc[es, MuscuIi externi
buIbi ocuIi . . .. 358-361
EyebaLt, Bulbus
oculi 362
Vessels of the eye 363
lris, lris, and
pupil.,
Pupil.l.a . 364-365
Lens, Lens, and ocu[ar fundus,
Fundus oculi .. .. 366-367
Optic nerve, Nervus opticus . 368-369
Optic
tract,
Tractus opticus . . 370-371
Muscles, vessels
and nerves of the orbit . . . . . 372-376
Sections through the orbit .
. . 377-378
Ear, Auris .379-400
0vervrew
Auric[e, Auricu[a
Auricu[ar
musctes, Muscu[i
auricutares
ExternaI
acoustic meatus, Meatus
acusticus externus,
and
tympanic
membrane, Membrana
tympanica . . .
Auditory ossic[es,
0ssicuta auditoria
Tympanic cavity, Cavitas
tympani
Auditory tube, Tuba auditiva
InternaI
ear, Auris interna
Auditory
and equil.ibrium organ
Auditory and equi[ibrium
pathway
Nerves
and vessets of the ear
Computed tomographic
sections through the
ear . . . .
VI
1
-31
6-1 0
1 1-13
14
15
1 6-17
18-23
266-273
274-275
27 6-277
278-279
280-283
284
285-294
295-296
297
298-299
300-30
1
302-305
306
307-309
310-317
318-322
62-69
70-73
7
4-85
86-88
89-9 1
92-101
102
103-104
105
352-378
379
380
381
382
383-384
385-387
388-389
390-393
394-396
397
398-399
400
Brain,
Encephaton
. ......
2Sg-3S1
Vessets
of the head . 258-261
CraniaI cavity,
Cavitas
cranii,
craniaI
dura
mater,
Duramatercraniatis .....262-263
Eye, Organum visus .
lndex
. ..... 401-419

Preface
It was
just
over a hundred
years
ago
that Johannes Sobotta
set
out to pubLish the first edition of his Attas of Human
Anatomy.
Since then, this
piece
of work
has evoLved step by step
as a re-
sutt of
the constant interaction between students,
Lecturers and
editors. lt has not onLy been the most
modern basis
for the com-
plex
subject of macroscopic anatomy
throughout
many
genera-
tions of doctors, but
has
aLso
devetoped into a Lasting work of
reference
for
both ctinicaI
training and advanced
medicaI educa-
tion. ALt
in
al.L.
it has
become
a book for a medicaI
doctor's [ife
0nce again,
in this new edition the additionat
figures have been
drawn strictly on the basis of original
specimens.
The
14th edition has been
particu[arty
designed
to meet the de-
mands of a reformed medical curricutum,
emphasizing
the inte-
gration
of cIinicaI medicine into the
precLinicaI
curriculum.
For
this
purpose,
the new edition
has
been
extended to inctude the
foLtowing features:
- Surface anatomy inctuding
projection
of internaI
organs
{45
cotour
photos)
- Anatomical diagrams next to imaging
figures
- Integration of imaging techniques
to a greater extent
Iu[tra-
sound, X-ray, CT,
MRI; 119 f igures)
- Endoscopic,
intraoperative coLour images and
figures exem-
ptifying
techniques of
puncture
and examination
[54
figuresl
- lmages
of
patients presenting
with typicat
pa[sies
- Diagrams of the most important arteriaI
variations
[93
f iguresl
- Frequent variations in the Location
of internaI organs
[24
fig-
uresi
- Integration of histotogy at low magnrfication
of important
in-
ternaI organs
Iintestine,
liver, kidney, etc.)
In order to improve the
presentation
of the knowtedge,
the fot-
lowing features have been
introduced:
- Ctear-cut arrangement of
the chapters according
to the differ-
ent
regions of the body
- Thematica[[y corresponding f igures
presented
on doubte
pages
- A concise, separate booktet
Iinc[uded
in Votume
1J contains
tabtes of musctes,
joints
and nerves, enabting
the reader to
ptace
it next to any figure in the attas
0ne particutar aim of
the new edition is to facititate finding of
specific
structures. The S0B0TTA depicts anatomicaL
structures
precisely
without the reader loosing
the
greater picture. There-
fore, specif ic didactic
tooLs have been improved and
new aspects
i nc[u ded:
- Each chapter has been aLtocated
to a particutar cotour
- A "menu
bar" on each doubte
page
ensures
precise
orienta-
tion within a
given
chapter
- The number of outlines depicting
spatiaL orientatton
has been
signif
icantl.y i ncreased
(270
f igu res)
- Overviews
of totaI body regions ensure
generaI
orientation
- New diagrams of
particuLar
musctes ctarify
their Location and
course
[24
figuresl
- Confusion
is
kept to a minimum
by onty
depicting
[imbs of the
right side of
the body
- "Compass
roses"
point
to adjacent
figures,
thus facititating
fotlowing
a given structure
over
several.
pages
- Continuous
Leader Iines
facilitate finding
of structures
- CoLoured dots
at the end
of leader
[ines
in topographic dia-
grams mark arteries,
veins, nerves,
and
muscles
- The
figures in the
booklet retate
directly
to the figures
in the
at[as
- The
Larger dimensions
of the book
improve
cLarity
With the exception
of discussions
about
the
generaI
concept
of
the attas
and mutuaL
correction,
the editors
have worked
sepa-
ratety
on individuaL
chapters,
with the
work divided as
fotlows:
R.
Putz: GeneraI
anatomy,
upper
[imb, brain, eye,
ear, back,
Lower
[imb;
R Pabst: Head.
neck,
thoracic and
abdominaI
wa[ts, thoracic,
abdominaI
and
petvic
viscera.
The inctusion
of a [arge number
of new
figures is the
resutt of
the extraordinary
capabitity
of the fotlowing
medicaLittustrators:
ULrike Brugger,
Rijdiger
Himmethan
and Horst RuB. lt is to
their credit
that the classic
"S0B0TTA
styte"
has been retained.
SeveraI of
the diagrams
have been
generated on the computer
by Henriette
RinteLen.
We atso
gratefutly
acknowledge
our
ctini-
caI cotteagues
for making ctinicaI
iLtustrations
avaitabte
to us
{see
picture
creditsl.
We owe a debt
of gratitude to our cot-
Leagues from
the institutes
for their
understanding
and hetpful.
suggestions.
Dr. N Sokolov and
A. Buchhorn
have
put
meticu-
lous efforts
into
generating the specimen
preparations
S.
Fryk
and G.
Hoppmann
have supported
us in
text
processing.
The staff of
the editoriat office
of Elsevier
pubtishers, in
particu-
Lar Dr. D.
Hennessen and
A. Gattnarzik,
has our
sincere thanks.
Some of
the creative
deveLopment
of the
work is a resu[t of
very
fruitfuI
discussions.
We woutd
also tike
to thank R.
Hausdorf for
tremendous
efforts in the production of the atlas.
R. Putz to-
gether
with
G. Meier
were responsibLe
for the
proof
reading and
simp[ification
of
page
design and
Legends.0ur
speciaL
thanks
go
to Dr. U.0sterkamp-Baust
for
generating the
index, and a|L[
others invotved
in the corrections.
With our joint
efforts, the
S0B0TTA
has been
once more
modernized
both in contents and
desig
n.
We have inctuded
many of the hetpfut
suggestions
made over
the
years
by students
and coL[eagues,
and
wou[d therefore
ask
al[
readers of
this edition to
pass
on to us
any criticism or sug-
gestions on the new
format of this
attas.
Munich and
Hannover, September
2005
R. Putz and
R. Pabst