! " # " ! "$ " # " &% &" • " % " ' % • # % " # " " # " ( & " # % • " # " ( &" # # ) * + + # >, − %/ -# . < ,% = % [ ]= 0 # • " % = % − " " • " # 1 ∂• =, ∂ 232 "$ " " " ( $ = = " % % " 43 ( / " %+ & ) % ( ) ) + = ( + ! ( + ⇔ ) + + = ( − ( # # ( + ⇔ − ) − ( = = ( − − ( = ( ( 3 ! ) ) ) % =, " 2 " " # ) 5 &" + 7 / ( 3 , " ! ( ( , , = ( = ( 1 , 1 , ∆ << << $ ( 3 , # 3 1 232 , +∆ 8∆ ∆ = +∆ +∆ ( " ⇔ # , " , ∆ << ( 56/ , +∆ # ⇔ : "% * 9 ( ≈ ( = ( 1 << << <% ,; − = ≈ , @ >? ) % 5 A " B A & <$ " % ! 56/ # + )− <+ C− " D " % + % =, + εE $ + " ( =, ) + 8 C = D + ) + + < ) + < C D C 3 = D+ < ε = ε =− !& ! 3 ! 3 % = × ( 7 0 F 1 . " ( = ( − ( 1 < + 7 " %B $ " "$ " " + = = ) + ) !8 εE = ) + %%% + " "" =, = ) − + "" < ) + %%% + − =, " 3,3 (H = E %" ) % "G" # −< % − & $ " % " 7" * F # # % ! # → = − & % $ 0 I 2 2 − " ! 2 2 = =%%%= ° ε = ε =− 8 $ [ ]= [ ]= H = =%%%= < ) % → =− → =− # # "G" ! J " ( ( ( # 2# C = ( ( 2 = ( ( 2 / # &" ( K % # 5" ( $ $ !' % ( . (+ . " &" 5 5 / / / 2 " > , = 1+ < , = − 1+ ∈ [− 1 = 1] = , D ( # " =, & ≤ = >, ) B ≠ , "G" = ,% & " % " &" ( ( L " # 3 ! 3 3 &% / < = / > = = = = 3 ( − # %* >, =, M + + = % % 1= = = = @ × 1× " δ ( δ = × ×( = + = >, (" ' % / <, ( ' " % / " ( " + M − = × × − 1× × δ × = M = × ( M " % =− × ( ! # # ! ( " ( " % ! " ( " " ( % !