sp-5131302009-russain-federation-fire-fighting-code compress

MINISTRY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR CIVIL DEFENSE, EMERGENCIES
AND ELIMINATION OF CONSEQUENCES OF NATURAL DISASTERS
CODE OF PRACTICES
SP 5.13130.2009
Systems of fire protection
AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING AND ALARM SYSTEMS
Designing and regulations rules
Introduction
The goals and principles of standardization of the Russian Federation are set forth by the Federal
Law No. 184-FZ as of December 27, 2002 “On technical regulation”, while application rules for the
code of practices – by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 858 as of
November 19, 2008 “On the procedures for development and approval of codes of practices”.
Data on the code of practices
1 DEVELOPED by Federal State Enterprise All-Russian Research Institute for Fire Protection
(FGU VNIIPO) of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia
2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization Matters TC 274 “Fire Safety”
3 APPROVED AND INTRODUCED INTO ACTION by the Decree of the Ministry of
Emergency Situations of Russia No. 175 as of March 25, 2009
4 REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology
5 FIRST INTRODUCTION
Information on changes hereto is published in annual reference index “National Standards” and
the text of changes and amendments is published in monthly reference indexes “National
Standards”. In the case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this code of practices the
notification will be published in the monthly reference indexes “National Standards” accordingly.
Relevant information, notification and texts are posted in the public information system – on the
official website of the developer (Federal State Enterprise All-Russian Research Institute for Fire
Protection (FGU VNIIPO) of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia) on the Internet.
Revision No. 1 approved and put into effect by the order of the Ministry of Emergency
Situations of Russia as of 01.06.2011 No. 274
Content
1
1 Application domain
2 Referenced codes and standards
3 Terms and definitions
4 General provisions
5 Water and foam fire-fighting systems
5.1 General provisions
5.2 Sprinkler systems
5.3 Drencher systems
5.4 Finely sprayed water fire-fighting system
5.5 Sprinkler AFS with forced launch
5.6 Sprinkler-drencher AFSs
5.7 Systems’ pipelines
5.8 Control units
5.9 Water supply of systems and preparation of foam solution
5.10 Pumping stations
6 High-expansion foam fire-fighting systems
6.1 Application domain
6.2 Systems classification
6.3 Development
7 Robotized fire complex
7.1 General provisions
7.2 Requirements to the RFC fire alarm system
8 Gas fire-fighting systems
8.1 Application domain
8.2 Systems classification and composition
8.3 Fire-fighting agents
8.4 General requirements
8.5 Volumetric fire-fighting systems
8.6 The quantity of gas fire-fighting substance
8.7 Timing data
8.8 Vessels for gas fire-fighting substance
8.9 Pipelines
8.10 Incentive systems
8.11 Head pieces
8.12 Fire-fighting stations
8.13 Local start devices
8.14 Requirements to the protected premises
8.15 Local-volumetric fire-fighting systems
8.16 Safety requirements
9 Powder fire-fighting systems of modular type
9.1 Application domain
9.2 Designing
9.3 Requirements to the protected premises
9.4 Safety requirements
10 Aerosol fire-fighting systems
10.1 Application domain
10.2 Designing
10.3 Requirements to the protected premises
10.4 Safety requirements
11 Self-contained fire-fighting systems
12 Fire-fighting systems control equipment
12.1 General requirements to fire-fighting systems control equipment
12.2 General requirements to alarms
12.3 Water and foam fire-fighting systems. Requirements to control equipment. Requirements to
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3
CODE OF PRACTICES
Systems of fire protection.
AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING AND ALARM SYSTEMS.
Designing and regulations rules
Effective as of 2009-05-01
1 Application domain
1.1 This code of practices has been developed in accordance with articles 42, 45, 46, 54, 83, 84,
91, 103, 104, 111-116 of the Federal Law No. 123-FZ as of July 22, 2008 “Technical regulation for
fire safety requirements”; it is a regulatory document for fire safety in voluntary standardization
domain and establishes standards and rules for designing of automatic fire-extinguishing and alarm
systems.
1.2 This code of practices covers designing of automatic fire-extinguishing and alarm systems
for buildings and constructions of different designation, including buildings and structures located
in areas with special climatic and environmental conditions. Application of fire-extinguishing and
alarm systems shall be determined subject to Annex А, standards, codes of practices and other
documents approved in accordance with the specified procedure.
1.3 This code of practices does not cover designing of automatic fire-extinguishing and alarm
systems for:
- buildings and structures designed subject to special standards;
- processing systems for outside installation;
- buildings of warehouses with mobile racks;
- buildings of warehouses designed for storage of aerosol products;
- buildings of warehouse with height of goods warehousing of over 5.5 m.
1.4 This code of practices does not cover designing of fire-extinguishing equipment for
extinguishing of fires of class D (according to GOST 27331), as well as chemically active
substances and materials, including substances and materials:
- reacting with fire-fighting agents causing explosion (organoaluminum, alkali materials);
- decomposing in case of reaction with fire-fighting agents causing emission of combustible
gases (organoaluminum, lead azide, aluminum hydrates, zinc, magnesium);
- reacting with fire-fighting agents causing powerful exothermic effect (sulphuric acid, titanium
chloride, termite);
- self-igniting substances (sodium hydrosulphite and etc.).
1.5 This code of practices may be used for development of special technical specifications for
automatic fire-fighting and alarm equipment.
2 Referenced codes and standards
The following codes and standards are referenced in this code of practices:
GOST R 50588-93 Foaming agents for fire extinguishing. General technical requirements and
test methods
GOST R 50680-94 Automatic water fire fighting systems. General technical requirements.
Methods of tests
GOST R 50800-95 Automatic fire-fighting foam systems. General technical requirements. Test
methods
GOST R 50969-96 Automatic gas fire extinguishing systems. General technical requirements.
Test methods
GOST R 51043-2002 Automatic water and foam fire fighting systems. Sprinklers. General
technical requirements. Test methods
GOST R 51046-97 Fire engineering. Generators of extinguishing aerosol. Types and basic
4
parameters
GOST R 51049-2008 Fire equipment. Pressure fire hoses. General technical requirements. Test
methods
GOST R 51052-2002 Automatic water and foam fire extinguishing installations. Wet and dry
system alarm stations. General technical requirements. Test methods
GOST R 51057-2001 Fire fighting equipment. Portable fire extinguishers. General technical
requirements. Test methods
GOST 51091-97 Automatic dry chemical fire-fighting systems. Types and basic parameters
GOST R 51115-97 Fire equipment. Fire turntable combined monitors. General technical
requirements. Test methods
GOST R 51737-2001 Automatic water and foam fire fighting systems. Sectional tubing
couplings. General technical requirements. Methods of tests
GOST R 51844-2009 Fire equipment. Fire-fighting cabinets. General technical requirements.
Test methods.
GOST R 53278-2009 Fire equipment. Fire valves. General technical requirements. Test methods
GOST R 53279-2009 Fire connecting heads for fire equipment. Types, main parameters and
dimensions
GOST R 53280.3 Automatic fire extinguishing systems. Fire extinguishing media. Part 3.
Gaseous extinguishing media. Test methods
GOST R 53280.4-2009 Automatic fire extinguishing systems. Extinguishing medium. Part 4.
Dry fire extinguishing powders. General technical requirements. Test methods
GOST R 53281-2009 Automatic gas fire extinguishing systems. Cylinders and cylinder banks.
General technical requirements. Test methods
GOST R 53284-2009 Fire engineering. Generators of extinguishing aerosol. General technical
requirements. Test methods
GOST R 53315-2009 Cable products. Requirements of fire safety. Test methods
GOST R 53325-2009 Fire techniques. Means of fire automatics. General technical requirements.
Test methods
GOST R 53331-2009 Fire-fighting equipment. Hand nozzles. General technical requirements.
Methods of testing
GOST R 53329-2009 Robotized water and foam fire-fighting equipment. General technical
requirements. Test methods
GOST 2.601-95 Unified system for design documentation. Exploitative documents
GOST 9.032-74 Unified system of corrosion and ageing protection. Coatings of lacquers and
paints. Groups, technical requirements and designations
GOST 12.0.001-82 Occupational safety standards system. Basic rules
GOST 12.0.004-90 Occupational safety standards system. Organization of training for labor
safety. General rules
GOST 12.1.004-91 Fire safety. General requirements
GOST 12.1.005-88 Occupational safety standards system. General sanitary requirements for
working zone air
GOST 12.1.019-79 Occupational safety standards system. Electric safety. General requirements
and nomenclature of kinds of protection
GOST 12.1.030-81 Occupational safety standards system. Electric safety. Protective conductive
earth, neutralling
GOST 12.1.033-81 Occupational safety standards system. Fire safety. Terms and definitions
GOST 12.1.044-89 Occupational safety standards system. Fire and explosion hazard of
substances and materials. Nomenclature of indices and methods of their determination
GOST 12.2.003-91 Occupational safety standards system. Industrial equipment. General safety
requirements
GOST 12.2.007.0-75 Occupational safety standards system. Electrical equipment. General safety
requirements
GOST 12.2.047-86 Occupational safety standards system. Fire engineering. Terms and
5
definitions
GOST 12.2.072-98 Industrial robots. Robotized technological systems. Safety requirements and
testing methods
GOST 12.3.046-91 Occupational safety standards system. Automatic fire fighting systems.
General technical requirements
GOST 12.4.009-83 Occupational safety standards system. Fire-fighting equipment for protection
of units. Basic types. Location and maintenance
GOST R 12.4.026-2001 Occupational safety standards system. Safety colors, safety signs and
signal marking. Purpose and rules of application. General technical requirements and
characteristics. Methods of tests
GOST 3262-75 Water-supply and gas-supply steel pipes. Specifications
GOST 8732-78 Seamless hot-deformed steel pipes. Range of sizes
GOST 8734-75 Seamless steel tubes cold deformed. Range
GOST 10704-91 Electrically welded steel line-weld tubes. Range
GOST 14202-69 Pipe-lines of industrial plants. Identification coloring, safety signs and marking
screens.
GOST 14254-96 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures
GOST 15150-69 Machines, instruments and other industrial products. Modifications for different
climatic regions. Categories, operating, storage and transportation conditions as to environment
climatic aspects influence
GOST 21130-75 Electrical items. Earth terminals and earth signs. Design and dimensions
GOST 23511-79 Man-made noise from domestic electrical appliances connected to the electrical
mains of dwelling-houses. Limit and measuring methods
GOST 27331-87 Fire engineering. Classification of fires
GOST 28130-89 Fire engineering. Fire extinguishers, fire extinguishing systems and fire alarm
systems. Graphical conventional signs
GOST 28338-89* Tube connections and fitting. Conventional passages (nominal sizes). Series
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms with proper definitions are used in this code of practices:
3.1 Automatic start of fire-fighting systems means start of systems initiated by their technical
means without human participation.
3.2 Automatic fire-fighting system (AFS) is a fire-fighting system triggered automatically in
case of excess of the established threshold values by the controlled factor (factors) in the protected
zone.
3.3 Automatic water feeder is a water feeder automatically maintaining in pipelines the
pressure needed for activation of control stations.
3.4 Automatic fire detector is a fire detector reacting to factors accompanying fires.
3.5 Self-contained fire-fighting system is a fire-fighting system automatically performing
detection and fire-fighting functions regardless of external power sources and control systems.
3.6 Self-contained fire detector is a fire detector reacting to a determined concentration level of
aerosol combustion (pyrolysis) products and materials and possibly other fire factors; its body
structurally combines a self-contained power source and all components needed for fire detection
and direct warning.
3.7 Modular fire-fighting system is a fire-fighting system, where technical means of fire
detection, technical means for fire-fighting agent storage, supply and transportation are structurally
independent units mounted directly at the facility subject to protection.
3.8 Addressable fire detector is a fire detector that transfers the code of its address together
with warning of fire to a specific control and indicating equipment.
3.9 Accelerator is a device assuring, in case of sprinkler activation, opening of sprinkler air
signal valve at insignificant air pressure change in the feeding pipeline.
3.10 Gas fire-fighting banks are a group of modules of gas fire-fighting connected by common
collector and manual startup installation.
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3.11 Branch of distribution pipeline is a section of a row of a distribution pipeline at one side
of the feeding pipeline.
3.12 Water-filled installation is an installation, the supply, feeding, and distribution pipelines of
which are filled with water in operating mode.
N o t e – The installation is designed for operation in conditions of positive temperatures.
3.13 Water feeder is a device assuring operation of AFS with design water flow and pressure of
water and (or) water solution set forth in the technical documentation throughout the established
time.
3.14 Air system is a system, the supply pipeline of which is filled with water in operating mode,
while the feeding and distribution pipelines are filled with air.
3.15 Auxiliary water feeder is a water feeder automatically maintaining pressure in pipelines
needed for activation of control stations, as well as maintaining design flow and pressure of water
and (or) water solutions until the moment of activation of the operating mode of the main water
feeder.
3.16 Gas fire detector is a fire detector reacting to gases emitted in case of smoldering or fire of
materials.
3.17 Generator of a fire-fighting aerosol (GFA) is an installation designed for production of
fire-fighting aerosol with the given parameters and for its delivery to the facility subject to
protection.
3.18 Hydraulic accelerator is a device assuring reduction of response time of the drencher
alarm valve with hydraulic actuator.
3.19 Standby mode of AFS is a AFS’s state of readiness to activation.
3.20 Dictating irrigator (spray device) is an irrigator (spray device) which is located most
highly and (or) remotely from the control station.
3.21 Remote activation (start) of the system is a manual activation (start) of a system by
activation elements mounted in a facility to be protected or close to it, in a dispatch or in a fire
station, by the facility or equipment to be protected.
3.22 Remote consol is a consol located in a control room, isolated or railed facility.
3.23 Differential heat fire detector is a fire detector forming warning of fire in case of excess of
the established rise speed of environment temperature.
3.24 Metering unit is a device designed for metering of foam former (additives) to water in firefighting systems.
3.25 Drencher fire-fighting system is a fire-fighting system equipped by drencher irrigators or
foam generators.
3.26 Drencher irrigator (spray device) is an irrigator (spray device) with open outlet.
3.27 Ionization smoke detector is a fire detector, the mode of operation of which is based on
registration of changes of ionization current appearing as a result of exposure to combustible
products.
3.28 Smoke optical fire detector is a fire detector reacting to combustion products able to
impact on absorbing and diffusing ability of emission in infrared, ultraviolet and visible light range.
3.29 Smoke fire detector is a fire detector reacting to particles of solid and liquid products of
combustion and (or) pyrolysis in the atmosphere.
3.30 Stock of fire-fighting agents is the required amount of fire-fighting agents stored at the
facility for refilling the design amount and reserve of fire-fighting agents.
3.31 Lock-start gear is a lock gear installed on the vessel (cylinder) and assuring supply of firefighting agent from it.
3.32 Minimum irrigation area is a standard (for sprinkler AFS) or rated (for drencher AFS)
area, where standard irrigation intensity and design flow rate of fire-fighting agent are assured.
3.33 Control zone of a fire-fighting alarm system (fire-fighting detectors) is the aggregate of
areas, room volumes of a facility, where fire factors, in case of their appearance, will be detected by
fire detectors.
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3.34 Response time of a fire-fighting system is a time from the moment of reaching by the
controlled fire factor of the threshold of a sensor of a fire detector, sprinkler or trigger device until
the moment of delivery of a fire-fighting agent to the protected area.
N o t e – For fire-fighting systems with designed delay time for delivery of a fire-fighting agent
envisaged for the purposes of safe evacuation from the protected facility and (or) for control of the
technological equipment, such time shall be included into response time of an AFS.
3.35 Intensity of fire-fighting agent supply is an amount of fire-fighting agent supplied per unit
of area (volume) per time unit.
3.36 Retard chamber is a device installed at pressure signaling line and designed for
minimization of probability of false alarms caused by opening of sprinkler signal valves resulting
from acute pressure fluctuations of a water supply source.
3.37 Combined fire-fighting detector is a fire-fighting detector reacting to two or more fire
factors.
3.38 Local control panel is a control panel located in close proximity to the controlled technical
means of an AFS.
3.39 Linear fire-fighting detector (smoke, heat) is a fire-fighting detector reacting to fire
factors in an elongated, linear zone.
3.40 Main pipeline is a pipeline connecting distribution devices of gas fire-fighting systems
with distribution pipelines.
3.41 Supreme differential heat fire-fighting detector is a fire-fighting detector combining
functions of supreme and differential heat fire-fighting detectors.
3.42 Supreme heat fire-fighting detectors is a fire-fighting detector forming warning of fire in
case of excess of the threshold value of the environment temperature, i.e. of detector actuation
temperature.
3.43 Local actuation (start) of a system is an actuation (start) of a system by actuation elements
installed in rooms of a pump station or of fire-fighting station, as well as by actuation elements
installed on fire-fighting modules.
3.44 Minimum irrigation area is the minimum area that is subject to impact of fire-fighting
agent at irrigation intensity not less than the standard intensity in case of activation of an AFS.
3.45 Fire-fighting module is an installation that combines in its body functions of storage and
supply of fire-fighting agent in case of impact of activation impulse on module actuator.
3.46 Modular pump installation is a pump installation, the technical means of which are
mounted on a single frame.
3.47 Modular fire-fighting system is a fire-fighting system consisting of one or several modules
connected by single fire detection system and actuation system able to independently carry out firefighting functions; such modules are located in protected facility or close to it.
3.48 Fire-fighting module is a device, the body of which incorporates functions of fire-fighting
agent storage and supply under impact of the start impulse on module actuator.
3.49 Impulse fire-fighting module is a fire-fighting module with duration of fire-fighting agent
supply of up to 1 s.
3.50 Head piece is a device meant for outlet and distribution of gaseous fire-fighting agent or
fire-fighting powder.
3.51 Indicated (nominal) pressure is the maximum excessive working pressure at temperature
of the working environment of 20°C; the design life time of pipeline connections and fittings of
particular sizes determined by stress calculations at the selected materials and stress characteristics
at 20°C temperature are maintained at such pressure.
3.52 Nominal (internal) diameter is a parameter used for pipeline systems as characteristics of
connected parts, for example, pipeline connections, fittings and armatures.
3.53 Standard intensity of fire-fighting agent supply is an intensity of fire-fighting agent
supply determined by the regulatory documents.
3.54 Standard fire-fighting concentration is a fire-fighting concentration determined by the
applicable regulatory documents.
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3.55 Fire-fighting aerosol is a product of combustion of aerosol-forming composition having
fire-fighting impact on the fire seat.
3.56 Fire-fighting substance is a substance with physical and chemical properties allowing
formation of environment needed for blowout.
3.57 Fire-fighting concentration is a concentration of fire-fighting agent in the volume needed
to form the environment not supporting combustion.
3.58 Irrigator is a device designed for fire-fighting, localization and blocking of fire by spraying
of water and (or) water solutions.
3.59 Irrigator with state control is a sprinkler assuring provision of a signal of actuation of a
thermal lock of the irrigator to the control system of an AFS and (or) to dispatch station.
3.60 Sprinkler with controlled actuator is a sprinkler shut-off device of an outlet; it opens in
case of control impulse (electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic and pyrotechnic or combined).
3.61 Main water feeder is a water feeder assuring operation of a fire-extinguishing system at a
design flow and pressure of water and (or) water solution within the rated time.
3.62 Room leak parameter is a value that numerically characterizes leakage of the facility to be
protected; it is defined as a ratio of the total area of constantly open doorways to the volume of the
facility to be protected.
3.63 Feeding pipeline is a pipeline connecting the control unit and distribution pipelines.
3.64 Incentive systems is a pipeline filled with water, water solution, compressed air, or a cable
with heat locks designed for automatic and remote activation of water and foam drencher firefighting systems, as well as of gas or powder fire extinguishing.
3.65 Supply pipeline is a pipeline connecting the source of fire-fighting agent with control units.
3.66 Fire shut-off device is a device designed for feeding, regulation and shutting of firefighting agent flow.
3.67 Fire detector (FD) is a device designed for detection of fire factors and for forming of fire
warning or of a notification of values of fire factors.
3.68 Fire flame detector is an instrument that reacts to electromagnetic radiation of flame or
smoldering.
3.69 Fire station is a special room in a facility with twenty-four-hour presence of duty personnel
equipped with devices of state monitoring and control of automatic fire-fighting systems.
3.70 Fire alarm is a device used for formation of a signal of activation of fire-fighting systems
and (or) shut-off devices.
3.71 Heavily trafficked facilities include rooms and foyers of theaters, cinemas, meeting rooms,
workshops, lecture halls, restaurants, lobbies, ticket halls, industrial buildings and other premises of
50 m2 and with a number of people staying there permanently or temporary (other than emergency
situations) of more than 1 per 1 m2.
3.72 Fire Control Device is a device designed for formation of control signals for automatic
fire-fighting agents, smoke protection, alarm and other fire protection devices, as well as for
monitoring of their condition and communication lines.
3.73 Fire control and indicating equipment (FCIE) is a device designed to receive signals
from fire detectors, to provide power to active (current consuming) fire detectors, to transmit
information to light and sound alarms of the duty personnel and to centralized monitoring consoles,
as well as to form the trigger impulse activating a fire control device.
3.74 Fire control and indicating equipment, fire and management, is a device combining the
functions of fire control and indicating equipment and fire control device.
3.75 Operating mode of an AFS means performance by an AFS of its functionality upon
activation.
3.76 Irrigator is a sprayer designed to spray water or water solutions (with average diameter of
droplets in the sprayed flow exceeding 150 μm).
N o t e – Term “sprayer” is allowed instead of term “irrigator”.
3.77 Distribution device is a shut-off device installed on the pipeline and assuring supply of gas
fire-fighting agent in a certain main pipeline.
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3.78 Distribution pipeline is a pipeline, whereon irrigators, nozzles or heads are installed.
3.79 Sprayer is an irrigator designed for spraying of water or water solutions (with average
diameter of droplets in the sprayed flow of 150 μm or less).
3.80 Sprayed flow of fire-fighting agent is a flow of liquid fire-fighting agent with mean
arithmetic diameter of droplets of over 150 μm.
3.81 Finely sprayed stream of fire-fighting agent is a droplet-dispersed flow of fire-fighting
agent with average arithmetic diameter of droplets of 150 μm or less.
3.82 Estimated quantity of fire-fighting agent is a quantity of fire-fighting agent determined in
accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents and ready for immediate use in case of
fire.
3.83 Reserve of fire-fighting agent is the required quantity of fire-fighting agent, ready for
immediate use in case of repeated flame formation or failure of the fire-fighting system.
3.84 Robotized fire-fighting system (RFS) is a fixed automatic device mounted on a stationary
base consisting of a fire-hose barrel; it has several mobility degrees and it is equipped with a drive
system, as well as a program-controlled unit; the system is designed for fire-fighting and fire
containment or for cooling of technological equipment and building structures.
3.85 Robotized fire-fighting complex (RFC) is a combination of several robotized fire-fighting
systems united by a common fire control and detection system.
3.86 Manual fire detector is a device designed for manual activation of fire alarm in fire alarm
and fire-fighting systems.
3.87 Row of a distribution pipeline is a set of two branches of a distribution pipeline located on
the same line at both sides of the feeding pipeline.
3.88 Section of fire-fighting system is a component of a fire-fighting system, which is the
aggregate of feeding and distribution pipelines, control unit and technical means located above it
and designed for supply of fire-fighting agent to the protected object.
3.89 Pressure alarm (PA) is a fire alarm designed for receipt of a commanding hydraulic
impulse transmitted by the control unit and for its converting into a logical commanding pulse.
3.90 Liquid flow alarm (LFA) is a fire alarm designed for converting of a certain value of liquid
flow rate in a pipeline into a logical commanding impulse.
3.91 Alarm valve is a shut-off device, normally closed, designed for issuing of a commanding
impulse and for delivery of fire-fighting agent, in event of activation of an irrigator or a fire
detector.
3.92 Fire alarm system is a set of fire alarms mounted within one facility and controlled from
the common fire station.
3.93 Connection lines include wired and wireless communication lines providing connection
between automatic fire-fighting systems.
3.94 Sprinkler AFS with forced launch is a sprinkler AFS equipped with sprinkler irrigators
with controlled actuator.
3.95 Light alarm is a technical means (element) with a source of light perceived by human eye
at any time of the day.
3.96 Sprinkler water-filled fire-fighting system is a sprinkler fire-fighting system, all pipelines
of which are filled with water (water solution).
3.97 Sprinkler air fire-fighting system is a sprinkler fire-fighting system, the supply pipeline of
which is filled with water (water solution), while the pipelines located above the control unit are
filled with air under pressure.
3.98 Sprinkler fire-fighting system is an automatic fire-fighting system equipped with
sprinklers.
3.99 Sprinkler-drencher AFS (SD AFS) is a system, where drencher control unit and appliance
of its activation are used and fire-fighting agent is supplied to protected zone only upon triggering
according to the logical “AND” circuit of fire sprinkler and appliance of control unit activation.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
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3.100 Sprinkler irrigator (sprayer) is an irrigator (sprayer) equipped with a thermal lock.
3.101 Fire-fighting station includes fire-fighting vessels and equipment located in a special
room.
3.102 Degree of room leak is the percentage ratio of the total area of permanently open
doorways to the total surface area of the room.
3.103 Thermal lock is a locking heat-sensitive element opening at a certain temperature.
3.104 Thermal fire detector is a fire detector reacting to a certain temperature and (or) to the
rate of its growth.
3.105 Finely sprayed stream of fire-fighting agent is droplet-dispersed flow of fire-fighting
agent with average arithmetic diameter of droplets of 150 μm or less.
3.106 Air sampling location (opening for air sampling) is a hole in a special air pipe; the
whole is used for air suction from the facility subject to protection.
3.107 Point fire detector (smoke, heat) is a fire detector reacting to fire factors in a compact
area.
3.108 Specific flow rate of water curtain is a flow rate per one linear meter of curtain width per
time unit.
3.109 Control unit is the aggregate of technical means of water and foam AFS (pipelines,
valves, shut-off and warning devices, accelerators, retarders, devices reducing probability of false
activations, measuring instruments and other devices) that are located between the feeding and the
supply pipelines of sprinkler and drencher systems of water and foam fire-fighting, and designed for
monitoring of the condition and for performance validation of the named devices in the course of
operation, as well as for delivery of fire-fighting agent, signaling for formation of commanding
impulses needed for management of elements of automatic fire-fighting systems (fire pumps, alarm
system, ventilation, process equipment, and others).
3.110 Local fire-fighting system with reference to volume is a system of volumetric firefighting affecting the space of a room and (or) a certain technological unit.
3.111 Local fire-fighting system with reference to surface is a system of surface fire-fighting
affecting a part of the space of a room and (or) a certain technological unit.
3.112 System of volumetric fire-fighting is a fire-fighting system designed to create an
environment not supporting combustion in the volume of a facility (building) to be protected.
3.113 System of surface fire-fighting is a fire-fighting system affecting surface on fire.
3.114 Fire alarm system is the aggregate of technical means needed for fire detection,
processing, representation of fire warning, special information in the given form and (or) issuing of
commands for activation of automatic fire-fighting systems and technical means.
3.115 Fire-fighting system is the aggregate of stationary technical means used for fire-fighting
on account of distribution of fire-fighting agent.
3.116 Nozzle is one of openings of a sprayer.
3.117 Centralized gas fire-fighting system is a system, where gas cylinders are located in a
room of fire station.
3.118 Fire loop is connection lines from fire detectors to the distribution box or to the receipt
and control device.
3.119 Air extractor is a device that provides, in event of sprinkler activation, activation
acceleration of the activated sprinklers of the air signaling valve by means of active relief of air
pressure from the feeding pipeline.
3.120 Curve of irrigation is a graphical representation of irrigation intensity or of the specific
flow rate of the irrigator.
3.121 Automatic fire fighting system: Equipment combined with interconnecting lines and
operating according to the defined algorithm to perform the tasks on the on-site fire safety
provision.
(Introduced additionally, Rev. No. 1)
3.122 Air compensator: a device with the fixed aperture intended for minimizing the possibility
of the alarm valve false responses due to air leaks in the feeding and/or distribution pipelines of air
sprinkler automatic fire-fighting systems.
11
(Introduced additionally, Rev. No. 1)
3.123 sprinkling intensity: volume of fire extinguishing liquid (water, water solution (including
dilute solution of water compound in water, other fire extinguishing liquids), per unit area in unit
time.
(Introduced additionally, Rev. No. 1)
3.124 minimal area sprinkled by automatic fire-fighting systems: Minimal value of standard
or designed part of the protected area subject to simultaneous sprinkling by fire extinguishing liquid
at the response of all sprinklers located in that part of total protected area.
(Introduced additionally, Rev. No. 1)
3.125 thermally activated microencapsulated FFA (fire-fighting agent) (ThermaFFA): an agent
(fire extinguishing liquid or gas) in the form of microinclusions (microcapsules) contained in solid
plastic or loose materials, evolved at the temperature rise up to defined (specific) values.
(Introduced additionally, Rev. No. 1)
4 General provisions
4.1 Automatic fire-fighting systems (hereinafter referred to as systems or AFS) shall be designed
taking into account the applicable nationwide, regional and departmental regulations in the domain,
as well as construction specifics of facilities, rooms and structures to be protected, possibilities and
conditions of use of fire-fighting agents proceeding from the nature of the process production.
Systems are designed for fire-fighting of classes A and B in accordance with GOST 27331;
designing of AFS for fire-fighting of Class C in according to GOST 27331 is allowed, if formation
of explosive atmosphere is excluded.
4.2 Automatic equipment (except for autonomous) shall perform functions of automatic fire
warning at the same time.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
4.3 Type of fire-fighting system, fire-fighting mode, type of fire-extinguishing agent shall be
determined by the designing company with consideration of fire hazard, physical and chemical
properties of substances and materials manufactured, stored and used, as well as characteristics of
the equipment to be protected.
4.4 Should fire-fighting systems be arranged in buildings and structures with separate rooms,
where only fire alarm system is required subject to regulations, fire-fighting systems are allowed
instead of them subject to the feasibility study and taking in account Annex А. In this case, intensity
of fire-fighting agent supply shall be accepted equal to standard and the flow rate shall be dictating.
4.5 Triggering of a fire-fighting system shall be followed by transmission of the signal for
management (shutoff) of the technological equipment in a facility to be protected subject to process
procedures and requirements of this code of practices (until supply of fire-fighting agent, if needed).
5 Water and foam fire-fighting systems
5.1 General provisions
5.1.1 Water and foam fire-fighting systems shall perform fire-fighting and fire containment
function.
5.1.2 Configuration of water and foam fire-fighting systems shall meet the requirements of
GOST 12.3.046, GOST R 50680 and GOST R 50800.
5.1.3 Water and foam AFS are divided into sprinkler, drencher, sprinkler and drencher, robotized
and AFS with forced activation.
5.1.4 Parameters of fire-fighting systems as per clause 5.1.3 (sprinkling intensity, flow rate of
fire-fighting agents, minimum irrigation area in case of activation of a sprinkler AFS, duration of
water supply and maximum distance between sprinklers), except for finely sprayed water AFS and
robotized fire-fighting systems, shall be determined subject to tables 5.1-5.3 and mandatory Annex
B.
12
Table 5.1
Room
group
1
2
3
4.1
4.2
5
6
7
Sprinkling intensity
Minimum
within the area to be Flow rate1), l/s, at the
space of
protected, l/(s∙m2), at
least
sprinkler
the least
AFS1), m2, at
foam
foam
the least
water
water
solutions
solutions
0.08
10
60
0.12
0.08
30
20
120
0.24
0.12
60
30
120
0.3
0.15
110
55
180
0.17
65
180
Subject to 5.2
90
»
90
»
90
Water supply
duration, min, at
the least
Maximum
distance
between
sprinklers1), m
30
60
60
60
60
60
60
(10-25)2)
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
1)
– For sprinkler AFS, AFS with forced activation, sprinkler-drencher AFS.
– Operation time of foam AFS with foam of low and medium expansion in case of surface fire-fighting
shall be accepted equal to 25 min for rooms of group 7; 15 min – for rooms of explosion and fire hazard
categories A, B and C1; 10 min – for rooms of fire hazard categories C2 and C3.
2)
Notes:
1 Groups of buildings are provided in Annex B.
2 For fire-fighting systems, where water with addition of a wetting agent on the basis of generalpurpose foaming agent is used, intensity of irrigation and flow rate shall be taken 1.5 times less than
for water.
3 For sprinkler systems, intensity of irrigation and flow rate of water or foaming solution are
provided for rooms with height of up to 10 m, as well as for lamp rooms with total area of lamps of
no more that 10% of the area. Height of the lamp room with area of lamps of more than 10% shall
be accepted so that it covers lamps. The specified parameters of systems for rooms with height from
10 to 20 m shall be accepted according to Tables 5.2-5.3.
4 In case if the actual protected area Sa is less than the minimum area S irrigated by sprinkler
AFS indicated in Table 5.3, the actual flow rate may be reduced by coefficient K=Sa/S.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
5 To calculate the water flow rate of a drencher AFS, it is necessary to determine the number of
sprinklers that are located within the irrigation area of this system and to calculate subject to Annex C
(with sprinkling intensity meeting the requirements of Tables 5.1-5.3 for room groups as per Annex B).
6 Intensity of sprinkling by general-purpose foaming agent is indicated in the table.
7 Duration of foam AFS with low- and medium-expansion foam in the event of surface
extinguishing method shall be counted as: 10 min. – for premises of С2 and С3 categories of fire
hazard; 15 min. - for premises of A, B and C1 categories of explosion-fire and fire hazard; 25 min. –
for premises of group 7.
(Introduced additionally, Rev. No. 1)
8 Arrangement of drencher AFS is allowed with distances no more than indicated in table 5.1
between them for sprinklers, provided that at the arrangement of drenchers standard values of the
irrigation intensity of the entire protected area are provided and decision made does not contradict
technical documentation requirements for this kind of irrigators.
(Introduced additionally, Rev. No. 1)
13
9 Distance between irrigators under cover with a slope shall be counted horizontally.
(Introduced additionally, Rev. No. 1)
Table 5.2
Room groups
5
6
7
water
foaming agent
water
foaming agent
water
foaming agent
Sprinkling intensity within the area to be protected (according to Table 5.1), l/(s·m2), at the least
1 and less
0.08
0.04
0.16
0.08
0.1
From 1 to 2
0.16
0.08
0.32
0.2
0.2
inclusively
From 2 to 3
0.24
0.12
0.40
0.24
0.3
inclusively
From 3 to 4
0.32
0.16
0.40
0.32
0.4
inclusively
From 4 to 5.5
0.4
0.32
0.50
0.40
0.4
inclusively
Flow rate, l/s, at the least
1 and less
15
7.5
30
15
18
From 1 to 2
30
15
60
36
36
inclusively
From 2 to 3
45
22.5
75
45
54
inclusively
From 3 to 4
60
30
75
60
75
inclusively
From 4 to 5.5
75
37.5
90
75
75
inclusively
Warehousing
height, m
Notes:
1 Room groups are provided in Annex B.
2 For group 6, in case of fire of rubber, general mechanical rubber goods, latex and resins, firefighting is recommended to be arranged by water with a wetting agent or by low-extension foam.
3 For warehouses with warehousing height of up to 5.5 m and with height of a facility of over 10
m, flow rate and intensity of irrigation with water and foaming solution by groups 5-7 shall be
increased by 10% at each 2 m of height.
4 Intensity of spraying with general-type foaming agent are provided in the table.
5 Designing of AFS for warehousing height of over 5.5 m is allowed upon performance of tests
that would confirm main design parameters, and upon availability of special technical requirements
applicable to each particular facility or group of similar facilities developed by a competent
company.
Table 5.3
Facility group
Room
1
2
3
4.1
4.2
height, m
foaming
foaming
foaming
foaming
water water
water
water
solution
solution
solution
solution
2
Spraying intensity within spraying space to be protected, l/(s·m ), at the least
From 10
to 12
0.09 0.13
0.09
0.26
0.13
0.33
0.17
0.20
inclusively
14
From 12
to 14
inclusively
From 14
to 16
inclusively
From 16
to 18
inclusively
From 18
to 20
inclusively
0.1
0.14
0.1
0.29
0.14
0.36
0.18
0.22
0.11 0.16
0.11
0.31
0.16
0.39
0.2
0.25
0.12 0.17
0.12
0.34
0.17
0.42
0.21
0.27
0.13 0.18
0.13
0.36
0.18
0.45
0.23
0.30
Flow rate of fire-fighting agents, Q, l/s, at the least
From 10
to 12
inclusively
From 12
to 14
inclusively
From 14
to 16
inclusively
From 16
to 18
inclusively
From 18
to 20
inclusively
12
35
25
70
35
130
65
95
14
40
30
85
45
155
80
115
17
50
35
95
50
180
90
140
20
57
40
115
60
215
105
165
24
65
50
130
65
240
120
195
Minimum irrigation area S, m2, at the least
From 10
to 12
inclusively
From 12
to 14
inclusively
From 14
to 16
inclusively
From 16
to 18
inclusively
From 18
to 20
inclusively
66
132
132
198
238
72
144
144
216
259
78
156
156
230
276
84
168
168
252
303
90
180
180
270
325
Notes:
1 Room groups are provided in Annex B.
2 Parameters of flow rate and intensity of irrigation are provided for general-purpose water and
foam irrigators (as per GOST R 51043).
3 Intensity of irrigation with general-purpose foaming solution are indicated in the table.
4 In case if the actual space Sa protected by water and foam fire-fighting systems is less than the
minimum irrigation space S of sprinkler AFS, AFS with forced start or sprinkler-drencher AFS
15
indicated in Table 5.3, the actual flow rate may be reduced by coefficient K=Sa/S.
5.1.5 The maximum pressure of dictating water and foam AFS shall not exceed 1 MPa, unless
otherwise provided for the particular facility or group of similar facilities to be protected by
technical specifications, developed by a competent company.
N o t e е – For the purposes of this documents, unless otherwise specified, "irrigator" shall be
understood as sprayer and as sprinkler as per GOST R 51043.
5.1.6 The method of calculation of hydraulic networks of sprinkler and drencher fire-fighting
with water and water solutions, modular water mist AFS, AFS with forced activation and sprinklerdrencher AFS is described in Annex C.
5.1.7 For areas, where there is equipment with open non-insulated live parts, automatic power
cutoff prior to supply of fire-fighting agent to the fire seat shall be arranged for water and foam firefighting.
AFS are allowed to be used for fire-fighting of equipment with open non-insulated live parts
upon availability of technical specifications applicable to a specific facility or group of similar
facilities to be protected and developed by a competent company.
5.1.8 Foam AFS shall meet the requirements of GOST R 50588 and [1].
5.1.9 AFS, except for sprinkler AFS, shall be provided possibility for manual activation:
remote - from units located at entrances to the protected facilities and, if necessary – from the
fire station;
local – from devices installed in the control unit, and (or) in the pumping station of a firefighting system.
5.1.10 Manual activation devices shall be protected from accidental activation and from
mechanical damage; they shall be outside the possible combustion zone.
5.1.11 Sprinklers with the same coefficients of heat retention (for sprinklers) and of performance,
of the same type and design shall be installed within a protected room. Drencher sprayers of water
curtains with parameters deferring from parameters of sprinklers are allowed to be used together
with sprinklers in one room; in this case all drencher sprinklers shall have identical performance
coefficient, the same type and design.
5.1.12 Irrigators shall be installed in accordance with Tables 5.1 and in accordance with their
technical specifications (mounting position, coefficient of heat retention, intensity of irrigation,
irrigation, and curves of irrigation and etc.), and sprinklers - according to their specifications
(mounting position, coefficient of heat retention, intensity of irrigation, irrigation, and curves of
irrigation and etc.) and the requirements of regulatory documents of the developer or manufacturer
of sprayers.
5.1.13 Distance between irrigator and the upper point of the fire load, process equipment or
building structures shall be determined by taking into account the range of working hydraulic
pressure and corresponding shapes of dispersed jets.
5.1.14 AFS shall be equipped with a stock of irrigators in the amount of at least 10% of the
number of the mounted ones and at least 2% of the amount of irrigators needed for testing.
5.1.15 For rooms of group 1 (Annex B), hidden, recessed or discrete irrigators can be installed in
suspended horizontal ceilings.
5.1.16 To identify the location of ignition, the facility to be protected may be conditionally
divided into separate zones; television cameras and matrix light sensors with indication of fire
location, address automatic fire detectors, alarms of fluid flows or start-controlled sprinklers may be
used as identifying devices.
5.1.17 In case of use of liquid flow alarms, shut-off valves are allowed to be installed before
them.
5.1.18 Locking devices (valves, gates) installed on input pipelines leading to fire pumps, on
supply and feeding pipelines shall assure visual and automatic control of the condition of its shutoff element (“Closed”—“Opened”).
5.1.19 Removal of fire-fighting agents spilled during tests or activation of fire-fighting system
16
shall be arranged in facilities to be protected.
5.2 Sprinkler systems
5.2.1 Sprinkler water and foam fire-fighting systems shall be filled with water or air depending
on room temperature in the facility.
5.2.2 Sprinkler installations shall be designed for rooms with height of up to 20 m, with
exception of installations intended to protect structural components of coatings of buildings and
constructions; to protect structural elements of coatings of buildings and constructions, the
parameters of installations for buildings with height of over 20 m shall be accepted according to
group 1 of facilities (see Table 5.1).
5.2.3 No more than 800 sprinklers of all types shall be provided for one section of a sprinkler
installation. In case of use of liquid flow detectors or sprinklers with condition control, the number
of sprinklers may be increased up to 1200.
5.2.4 The time from triggering of sprinklers installed on an air pipeline until the moment of water
supply from it shall not exceed 180 s.
5.2.5 If the design response time of an air AFS exceeds 180 s, accelerators or exhausters shall be
used.
5.2.6 The maximum operating air pressure in the feeding and distribution pipelines of a sprinkler
air and sprinkler-drencher air AFS shall be selected proceeding from the requirement of time delay
of no more than 180 s.
5.2.7 Filling of a sprinkler air or a sprinkler-drencher air AFS with air until the working air
pressure is reached shall not exceed more than 1 h.
5.2.8 Calculation of the diameter of an air compensator shall be carried out proceeding from the
requirement of compensation of air leaks from the pipeline system of a sprinkler air or a sprinklerdrencher air section of an AFS at a rate of 2-3 times lower than the flow rate of compressed air at
activation of the dictating sprinkler with the correspondent performance coefficient.
5.2.9 In sprinkler air AFS, signal to turn off the compressor shall be provided upon activation of
an accelerator or upon air pressure drop in the pipeline system getting below the minimum
operating pressure of 0.01 MPa.
5.2.10 Liquid flow detectors meant for identification of fire location shall not be necessarily
envisaged with control signal delay, in this case liquid flow detectors shall include only one contact
group.
5.2.11 In buildings with beamed ceilings (coverings) of fire hazard classes K0 and K1 with
protruding parts exceeding 0.3 m in height, and in other cases - exceeding 0.2 m in height,
sprinklers shall be located between beams, ribs, slabs and other protruding elements of the
ceiling (covering) ensuring uniformity of floor irrigation.
5.2.12 The distance from the center of a heat-sensitive element of a thermal lock of a sprinkler to
the surface of ceiling (covering) shall be within the range (0.08 to 0.30) m; in exceptional cases
conditioned by ceiling structures (for example, presence of protrusions), it is allowed to
increase distance up to 0.40 m.
5.2.13 The distance from the axis of a heat-sensitive element of a thermal lock of a wall-mounted
sprinkler to the surface of ceiling shall be within 0.07-0.15 m.
5.2.14 Designing of a distribution network with sprinklers for suspended ceilings shall be carried
out subject to the requirements of technical documents for this type of sprinklers.
5.2.15 In case of installation of fire-fighting systems in rooms with technical equipment and
platforms, horizontal or inclined ducts with width or diameter of more than 0.75 m that are located
at height of no less than 0.7 m from the floor surface, if they prevent irrigation of the
perimeter surface, sprinklers or sprayers shall be additionally installed under such platforms,
equipment and ducts.
5.2.16 In buildings with lean-to and dual slope roofing with a slope of over 1/3, horizontal
distance from sprinklers or sprayers to the walls and from sprinklers or sprayers to roofing ridge
shall:
- not exceed 1.5 m, in case of roofing with fire hazard class K0;
17
- not exceed 0.8 m - in other cases.
5.2.17 The nominal response temperature of sprinklers or sprayers shall be selected according to
GOST R 51043 depending on ambient temperature in the area of their location (Table 5.4).
Table 5.4
Maximum allowable working temperature of the
Nominal activation temperature, °C
environment in the area of sprinkler location, °C
Up to 38 inclusively
57
From 39 to 50 inclusively
68
From 39 to 52 inclusively
72
From 39 to 52 inclusively
74
From 51 to 58 inclusively
79
From 53 to 70 inclusively
93
From 71 to 77 inclusively
100
From 78 to 86 inclusively
121
From 71 to 100 inclusively
141
From 101 to 120 inclusively
163
From 101 to 140 inclusively
182
From 141 to 162 inclusively
204
From 141 to 185 inclusively
227
From 186 to 200 inclusively
240
From 201 to 220 inclusively
260
From 221 to 300 inclusively
343
5.2.18 The maximum permissible operating temperature of the environment in the area of
sprinklers shall be accepted based on the maximum value of temperature in one of the following
cases:
- the maximum temperature that can occur subject to the process procedure or as a result of an
emergency;
- due to heating of the covering of the protected facilities caused by exposure to solar thermal
radiation.
5.2.19 In case of fire loads of at least 1400 MJ/m 2 for warehouses, for facilities of over 10 meters
in height and for rooms, where the main fuel products are highly flammable and flammable liquids,
the coefficient of heat retention of sprinklers shall be less than 80 (m·s)0.5.
5.2.20 Sprinklers or sprayers of water-filled systems may be installed vertically with outlets up
or down or horizontally; in air systems - only vertically with outlets up or horizontally.
5.2.21 In places, where there is a risk of mechanical damage of irrigators, they shall be protected
with special enclosing installations not impairing intensity and uniformity of irrigation.
5.2.22 Distance between sprinklers and walls (partitions) with fire hazard classes K0 and K1
shall not exceed half of the distance between sprinklers listed in Table 5.1.
The distance between sprinklers and walls (partitions) with fire hazard classes K2, K3 and with
fire hazard class not subject to rating shall not exceed 1.2 m. The distance between sprinklers of
water fire-fighting systems shall not be less than 1.5 m (horizontally).
The distance between sprinklers and walls (partitions) with fire hazard classes K0 and K1,
between sprinklers and walls (partitions) with fire hazard classes K2, K3 and with fire hazard class
not subject to rating shall be accepted according to the regulatory documents of the company
manufacturing sprayers and modular systems.
5.2.23 In sprinkler AFSk, on feeding and distribution pipelines of diameter DN 65 or over,
installation of fire hydrants as per [2], GOST R 51049, GOST R 51115, GOST R 51844, 53278,
GOST R 53279, and GOST R 53331, and of primary fire-fighting devices according to special
technical conditions is allowed.
5.2.24 The pressure of fire-fighting agent by open fire hydrants shall not exceed 0.4 MPa;
diaphragms may be used to limit the pressure by open fire hydrants to 0.4 MPa.
18
5.2.25 Calculation of the diameter of a diaphragm shall be carried out according to [2]; for multistorey buildings, diaphragms of one standard size are allowed to be installed per 3-4 floors.
5.2.26 A section of a sprinkler system with more than 12 fire valves shall have two inputs. For
sprinkler systems with two or more sections, the second input with a valve is allowed to be arranged
from an adjacent section. At the same time, a manual valve shall be envisaged above such control
units, a separation valve shall be envisaged between these control units, while the feeding pipeline
shall be of loop type.
5.2.27 No connection of industrial, sanitary equipment to the feeding pipelines of fire-fighting
systems are allowed.
5.3 Drencher systems
5.3.1 General requirements to drencher AFSs and water curtains
5.3.1.1 Automatic activation of drencher systems should be performed by signals from one of
types of technical facilities or by aggregation of signals from the following technical facilities:
- fire detectors of fire alarm systems;
- incentive systems;
- sprinkler AFSs;
- sensors of processing equipment.
5.3.1.2 The height of placement of drencher AFSs’ incentive pipeline filled with water or foam
solution should be in compliance with the technical documentation on drencher alarm valve.
5.3.1.3 The distance from the center of the incentive system’s thermal lock to the surface of
ceiling should be from 0.08 to 0.30 m; in exceptional cases subject to ceilings’ construction (e.g. the
presence of prominences), it is acceptable to increase this distance up to 0.40 m.
5.3.1.4 The diameter of the incentive pipeline of drencher system should be not less than 15 mm.
5.3.1.5 The hydraulic calculation of distribution networks of drencher AFSs and water curtains is
recommended to perform in accordance with the methods presented in Annex C.
5.3.2 Requirements to water curtains
5.3.2.1 For several functionally related drencher water curtains, it is acceptable to provide one
control unit.
5.3.2.2 Activation of drencher curtains should be provided both automatically and manually
(remotely or on-site).
5.3.2.3 It is acceptable to connect drencher curtains to feeding and distribution pipelines of
sprinkler AFSs in order to protect door and technological ways by means of automatic or manual
lock gear, and to connect drencher AFS to supply pipelines by means of automatic lock gear.
5.3.2.4 If the width of protected technological ways, gates or doors is up to 5 m, the distribution
pipeline with irrigators is lined on a single-train basis. During the assembly on a single-train basis,
the distance between irrigators of drencher curtain along the distribution pipeline should be
calculated on the basis of providing specific discharge of 1 L/(s·m) along the full width of
protection.
5.3.2.5 If the width of protected technological ways, gates or doors is of 5 m and more, and when
using drencher curtains instead of fire separations, the distribution pipeline with irrigators is lined
on a two-stream basis with specific discharge of each stream of not less than 0.5 L/(s·m), streams
are located with the distance of 0.4-0.6 m between each other; relative to streams, irrigators should
be installed in a staggered order. Extreme irrigators located near the wall should be not more than
0.5 m distant from it.
5.3.2.6 If the water curtain is meant for increasing fire resistance of walls, then two streams with
irrigators are used, and each of them is assembled to the opposite side of the wall, with the distance
from the wall of not more than 0.5 m; specific discharge of each stream of not less than 0.5 L/(s·m).
The stream, on which side the fire is detected, is activated.
5.3.2.7 Airlocks in fire stops should be protected by drencher curtains with specific discharge of
not less than 1 L/(s·m). As a rule, curtains should be installed inside the tambour; taking into
account specific conditions of protection object, they can be lined on a two-stream basis both inside
and outside.
19
5.3.2.8 Specific discharge of the water curtain formed by sprayers is defined for different
conditions of usage by technological and normative documentation of the sprayers’ designer or
producer.
5.3.2.9 Distance (in the plan) of the zone free of fire load should be of 2 m in both ways from the
distribution pipeline if there is one stream, and it should be of 2 m in opposite ways from each
stream.
5.3.2.10 Technical facilities of local activation (manual fire detectors and buttons) should be
placed right near protected openings and (or) at the closest section of the escape route.
5.4 Finely sprayed water fire-fighting system
5.4.1 Water mist fire-fighting systems (hereafter referred to as WM-AFS) are used for surface
and surface-local fire-fighting of fire seats of classes A, B according to GOST 27331 and of hot-line
electrical installations, not aforementioned in the TD (technical documentation) for this type of
WM-AFS.
5.4.2 The installation of these systems should be in concordance with the requirements of [3],
GOST 12.2.003, GOST 12.2.037, GOST 12.4.009, GOST R 53288 and the current Code of
practices.
5.4.3 Designing of WM systems should be performed subject to architectural and planning
concepts of the protected premises and engineering data of technical facilities of WM systems,
provided in technical documentation for sprayers and modular WM systems.
p. 5.4.4 (Excluded, Rev. No. 1)
5.4.5 Modular systems of pump type, with boosting (equipped with propellant gas tank) or with a
gas-generating charge can be used in WM-AFS.
5.4.6 The construction of the gas-generating element should exclude the possibility of ingress of
any of its fragments to the fire-fighting agent.
5.4.7 It is forbidden to use gas-generating elements as displacers of the fire-fighting agent when
protecting cultural treasures with the help of modular WM-AFS systems.
5.4.8 The placement of sprayers relative to protected equipment, their hydraulic and
hydrodynamic parameters of the FFS (fire-fighting substance) supply should be in concordance
with requirements of technical documentation for sprayers and modular WM-AFS systems.
5.4.9 Each sprayers should be equipped with a filter element with a filter cell of not less than 5
times smaller than the sprayer outlet diameter.
5.4.10 As for water curtains formed by sprayers, requirements presented in section 5.3 of the
current CP (Code of practices) should be taken into account, except for values of specific discharge,
that should be specified in technical documentation for sprayers and modular fire-fighting systems.
5.4.11 In modular AFSs, air, carbonic acid or inert gases (in gaseous or liquefied aggregate state)
can be used as a propellant gas. It acceptable to use gas-generating elements that underwent release
testing and are recommended for use in fire-fighting equipment. The construction of the gasgenerating element should exclude the possibility of ingress of any of its fragments to the firefighting agent or environment.
5.4.12 Pipelines of water-filled installations should be made of galvanized or stainless steel.
5.4.13 It acceptable to use ungalvanized steel pipes according to GOST 3262, GOST 8732,
GOST 8734, and GOST 10704:
- if the sprayer outlet diameter is 8 mm and more;
- if at the inlet of each branch of the distribution pipeline a filter element is installed, with a filter
cell of not less than 5 times smaller than the inner diameter of sprayers used in distribution network.
5.4.14 Hydraulic calculation of aggregate WM-AFS systems is performed in accordance with
methods provided in annex C.
5.4.15 The initial pressure in the module and the pressure at the dictating sprayer, duration of the
FFS supply, geometrics of distribution nets, calculation and designing of modular WM-AFS
systems should be approved and performed in accordance with normative and technical
20
documentation of a designer and (or) а manufacturer of modular systems and sprayers.
5.4.16 Duration of the FFS supply should be sufficient enough for burning out of fire load
located in “dead” zones inaccessible for dispersible FFS flow.
5.5 Sprinkler AFS with forced launch
5.5.1 Requirement of the current section cover the design of sprinkler AFS with forced launch
(hereafter referred to as AFS-FL) for buildings, constrictions and premises of various purposes (all
groups of premises 1-7 according to annex B).
5.5.2 Designing of AFS-FL should be performed in accordance with technical specifications
developed either for a specific protected object or for a group of similar objects. Technical
specifications should be worked out by an organization with appropriate powers.
5.5.3 Sprinkler irrigators equipped with a device of automatic and remote forced activation of the
thermal lock are used in AFS-FL (forced launch device).
It is acceptable to use sprinkler irrigators with forced launch device equipped with a response
control device.
5.5.4 Impulse to the activation of sprinkler irrigators with forced launch can be sent
automatically from liquid flow alarms, sprinklers with controlled launch, from fire alarm systems or
other incentive actuator or by an operator from control panel (if there is a cryptogram of
arrangement of activated and adjacent irrigators).
5.5.5 When using sprinkler irrigators with forced launch, hydraulic parameters and duration of
the FFS supply are taken according to tables 5.1-5.3, and when using sprayers – according to
section 5.4.
5.5.6 Hydraulic calculation is performed in accordance with annex C subject to architectural and
planning concepts of the object and joint operation of one or several adjacent protected zones,
which have summarily bigger calculated area of irrigation.
5.6 Sprinkler-drencher AFSs
5.6.1 Requirement of the current section cover the design of sprinkler-drencher AFS-PAs for
buildings, constrictions and premises of various purposes (all groups of premises 1-7 according to
annex B).
5.6.2 Depending on requirements to operation speed and elimination of false operation, the
following types of sprinkler-drencher AFS-PAs are used:
- water-filled AFS-PWA;
- air AFS-PAA.
5.6.3 The choice of the type of sprinkler-drencher AFS-PAs is conditioned by minimization of
damage from consequences of false and unauthorized activations of AFSs:
- water-filled AFS-PWA – for the premises where an increased operation speed of AFSs is needed
and negligible spill of the FFS in case of damage or false operation of sprinkler irrigators is
acceptable, - in standby conditions, feeding and distribution pipelines are filled with water, and
supply of the FFS to the protected zone is performed at the activation according to the AND circuit
of the automatic fire detector and sprinkler irrigator;
- air AFS-PAA(1) – for the premises with positive and negative temperatures where the spill of
the FFS in case of damage or false operation of sprinkler irrigators is undesirable, - in standby
conditions, feeding and distribution pipelines are filled with water under pressure, the filling of
these pipelines with the fire-fighting substance is performed only at the activation of the automatic
fire detector, and supply of the FFS to the protected zone is performed at the activation according to
the AND circuit of the automatic fire detector and sprinkler irrigator;
- air AFS-PAA(2) – for the premises with positive and negative temperatures where supply of the
FFS to the pipeline network because of false operation of automatic fire detectors should be
eliminated, as well as the spill of the FFS due to damage or false operation of sprinkler irrigators –
in standby conditions, feeding and distribution pipelines are filled with water under pressure, the
filling of these pipelines with the fire-fighting substance and supply of the FFS to the protected zone
is performed at the activation only according to the AND circuit of the automatic fire detector and
21
sprinkler irrigator.
5.6.4 Sprinkler irrigators of all types of sprinkler-drencher AFSs operated at temperatures of 5°C
and more can be installed in any mounting position (either vertically with outlets up or down, or
horizontally). Sprinkler irrigators of these systems operated at temperatures of under 5°C should be
installed only vertically with outlets up or horizontally.
5.6.5 Recommended procedure of hydraulic calculation of distribution networks of sprinklerdrencher AFS-PAs is provided in annex C.
5.6.6 When defining the time of activation of the AFS-PAA(2), it is important to take into account
the time of lowering of pneumatic pressure in the pipeline network (at opening of the irrigator or the
fireplug) to the level of activation of used pressure control devices and sending of signals through
appropriate channels.
5.6.7 When designing sprinkler-drencher air AFS-PAA, it is important to consider requirements
stated in paragraphs p. 5.2, 5.3.1.1, 5.3.1.3-5.3.1.5 of the current Code of practices.
5.6.8 In the AFS-PAA, the signal for compressor deactivation should be send at the activation of
either automatic or manual fire detector, or at the activation of sprinkler irrigator.
5.6.9 In AFS-PAs, the temperature of activation and the coefficient of thermal inertia of
automatic thermal detectors should be not more than the temperature of activation and the
coefficient of thermal inertia of the thermosensitive element of used sprinkler irrigators; other types
of automatic detectors should be less inertial than the inertia of the thermosensitive element of used
sprinkler irrigators.
5.7 Systems’ pipelines
5.7.1 Pipelines should be made of steel pipes according to GOST 10704 – with welded and
flange joints, according to GOST 3262, GOST 8732 and GOST 8734 – with welded, flange and
threaded joints, and also according to GOST R 51737 – with disconnecting pipeline sleeves.
5.7.2 Selection of materials for pipes used in WM-AFS is performed on accordance with
technical specifications for a certain type of the system.
5.7.3 The use of plastic, metal-plastic and other types of pipelines and their joints, as well as
cushions and tamping sealing materials for them, is acceptable only if they underwent proper
testing. Designing of such types of pipelines and their joints should be performed in accordance
with technical specifications developed either for a specific protected object or for a group of
similar objects. Fire-response testing methodology and technical specifications should be worked
out by an organization with appropriate powers.
5.7.4 When laying pipelines behind non-removable suspended ceiling, in closed grooves and in
similar cases, their connection should be performed only by welding.
5.7.5 It is acceptable to design external and internal supply pipelines as dead-end for three or less
control units; at the same time, total length of external and internal dead-end supply pipeline should
be not more than 200 m.
5.7.6 Loop supply pipelines (external and internal) should be divided into maintenance sectors
by locking devices (shutters or gates); there should be not more than three control units in one
sector; during the hydraulic calculation of pipelines, shutdown of maintenance sectors of loop
networks is not taken into account, at the same time, the diameter of the loop pipeline should be not
less than the diameter of the supply pipeline to control units.
5.7.7 Pipelines of water fire-fighting systems, internal fire-fighting, manufacturing and
household water-supply lines that goes to fire pumping facilities can be common.
5.7.8 Connection of production and sanitary facilities to supply, feeding and distribution
pipelines of fire-fighting systems is unacceptable.
5.7.9 The number of irrigators or sprayers at one branch of the distribution pipeline is not
limited; at the same time, AFS distribution network should provide standard expense and intensity
of irrigation.
5.7.10 Dead-end and loop feeding pipelines of AFSs should be equipped with flushing stoppers
or locking devices with the nominal diameter not less than DN 50; if the diameter of these pipelines
is less than DN 50, then the diameter of flushing stoppers or locking devices should correspond to
22
the nominal diameter of the pipeline.
5.7.11 In dead-end pipelines, flushing locking device is installed at the end of the sector, in loop
pipelines – in the place most distant from the control unit.
5.7.12 It is acceptable to assemble:
- valves in upper points of AFS pipelines network – for air discharge;
- a valve with a pressure gauge – for pressure control in front of the dictating irrigator or sprayer.
5.7.13 It is not acceptable to assemble lock valves at feeding and distribution pipelines, except
for cases specified in the current Code of practices.
5.7.14 Feeding and distribution pipelines of drencher, sprinkler air and sprinkler-drencher air
AFSs should be assembled so that the fire-fighting substance is spontaneously removed from these
pipelines after the activation of the fire-fighting system or after performing hydraulic tests, and the
drying of their inner cavity by heated air purging is provided.
5.7.15 Feeding and distribution pipelines of systems should be laid with a slope toward the
control unit or drain devices of not less than:
- 0.01 for pipes with the nominal diameter of less than DN 50;
- 0.005 for pipes with the nominal diameter of DN 50 and more.
5.7.16 If there are sectors, from which the FFS can not be self-removed (e.g., bypasses of ceiling
beams, etc.), in the pipeline network, each of such sectors should be equipped with a cleanout plug:
- DN 25 – for pipes with the nominal diameter of less than DN 50;
- DN 50 – for pipes with the nominal diameter of DN 50 and more.
5.7.17 The use of AFS pipelines as the support for other constructions in unacceptable.
5.7.18 If necessary, measures should be provided in order to prevent an increase of pressure over
1 MPa in feeding and distribution pipelines of the system.
5.7.19 Pipelines should stand test pressure for durability Рt=1,25 Рwork. max (where Рwork.max –
maximum working pressure).
5.7.20 The connection of pipelines with each other and with hydraulic fittings should provide air
tightness with pressure Рat=Рwork.max.
5.7.21 Identification coloring or numeric marking of pipelines should be in compliance with
GOST R 12.4.026 and GOST 14202:
- water-filled pipelines of sprinkler, drencher and sprinkler-drencher AFSs, and also water-filled
pipelines of fire plugs – green color or number «1»;
- air pipelines of the air sprinkler system and the sprinkler-drencher AFS-P AA – blue color or
number “3”;
- non-filled pipelines of the drencher AFS and “dry pipe sprinkler system” – blue color or
alphanumeric code “3s”;
- pipelines that supply only a foaming agent or a foaming agent solution, – brown color or
number “9”.
5.7.22 Signal coloring in sectors of connection of pipelines with locking devices, facilities and
equipment – red color.
N o t e - At the customer’s request, it is acceptable to change the coloring of pipelines in
accordance with the interior of the premises.
5.7.23 All AFS pipelines should have numeric or alphanumeric marking according to hydraulic
scheme.
5.7.24 Distinguishing color of marking screens, which indicate the direction of the fire-fighting
substance movement, is red. Marking screens and numeric or alphanumeric marking of pipelines
should be applied taking into consideration local conditions in most important places of communication
(at the input and output of the fire pump, at the input and output of common manifold, at branches,
near junction points, near locking devices, by means of which the supply of water to main, feeding
and delivery pipelines is performed, in places of passage of pipelines through walls, barriers, at
building lead-ins and other places needed for identification of AFS pipelines).
5.7.25 The distance between the pipeline and walls of building structures should be not less than
2 cm.
23
5.7.26 Attachment of pipelines and equipment during their assembly should be performed in
accordance with requirements [4].
5.7.27 Pipelines should be attached by holders directly to the building structure, at the same time, it
is acceptable to use them as the support for other constructions.
5.7.28 It is acceptable to attach pipelines to the construction of technical devices in building as
an exceptional case only. At the same time, the load on constructions of technical devices can be not
less than double design load for holding elements.
5.7.29 Attachment points of pipes with the nominal diameter of not more than DN 50 should be
installed with the step of not more than 4 m. For pipes with the nominal diameter of more than
DN50, it is acceptable to increase the length of the step between attachment points up to 6 m.
5.7.30 The distance between the holder and the last irrigator at the distribution pipeline for pipes
with the nominal diameter of DN 25 or less should be not more than 0.9 m, and of more than DN 25
- should be not more than 1.2 m.
5.7.31 Bends at distribution pipelines with the length over 0.9 m should be attached by additional
holders; the distance between the holder and the irrigator at the bend should:
- for pipes with the nominal diameter of DN 25 or less – 0.15-0.20 m;
- for pipes with the nominal diameter over DN 25 – within 0.20-0.30 m.
5.7.32 In case of laying pipelines through liners and grooves of building constructions, the
distance between mounting points should be not more than 6 m without additional holders.
5.7.33 The passage of pipelines through enclosures should be performed as sealed in cases when
the adjacent premises should not be intercommunicated with each other according to service
conditions.
5.7.34 Seals should be made of incombustible materials, which can provide specified limit of fire
resistance of enclosures in accordance with requirements [4].
5.7.35 Hydraulic resistance of plastic and metal-plastic pipelines should be applied in accordance
with technical documentation of the manufacturer, at the same time, it should be taken into
consideration that the nominal diameter of plastic pipes is indicated by external diameter.
5.7.36 When using plastic or metal-plastic pipelines, a fixed bearing, hanger, bracket or clamp
should be installed near every irrigator or sprayer with the distance of 5-10 cm, in order to provide
fixed orientation of the irrigator or sprayer.
5.7.37 The distance between the holder and the last irrigator at the distribution pipeline,
maximum length of bends and acceptable distance between the irrigator at the bend and the holder
are applied according to information either from the manufacturer of plastic or metal-plastic pipes,
or from his official representative office.
5.7.38 When simultaneously laying several plastic and metal-plastic pipelines of different
diameter, the distance between holders should be accepted by the minimum diameter.
5.7.39 When laying several plastic and metal-plastic pipelines near heating or hot-water supply
pipes, they should be laid below them, with the distance between them of not less than 0.1 m.
5.7.40 When plastic and metal-plastic pipes pass through walls and barriers, free lengthwise
movement of the pipe should be provided with the help of fire-retarding liners, the fire resistance of
which should be not less than the fire resistance of the crossed building construction.
5.7.41 Metal pipelines of systems used for protection of equipment under pressure should be
grounded. The sign and place of grounding – according to GOST 12.1.030 and GOST 21130.
5.8 Control units
5.8.1 Control units of systems should be located in the premises of pumping stations, fire
stations, protected rooms, which have the air temperature of 5°C and more and provide free access
of personnel who maintain AFSs.
5.8.2 Control units located in the protected premises should be separated from these premises
with firebreak partitions and covers with the level of fire resistance of not less than REI 45 and
doors with the level of fire resistance of not less than ЕI 30. It is acceptable to locate separate
control units placed in special cabinets, which can be accessed only by personnel who maintain
AFSs, in the protected premises or nearby without separating them with firebreak partitions; at the
24
same time, the distance between special cabinets and the fire load should be not less than 2 m.
5.8.3 Control units located out of the protected premises should be separated with glass or
reticular partitions.
5.8.4 Control units should provide:
- water (foam solutions) supply for fire extinguishing;
- filling of feeding and distribution pipelines with water;
- water drain from feeding and distribution pipelines;
- compensation of leakages from the AFS hydraulic system;
- signalization when the alarm valve is activated;
- checking of signalization of the control unit activation;
- pressure measurement before and after the control unit.
5.8.5 Certified maximum working pressure of technical facilities of control units should be not
less than the calculated value.
5.8.6 In order to exclude false activation of the alarm valve of water-filled sprinkler systems, it is
acceptable to have a delay chamber in front of the pressure alarm or to set a delay in signal sending
for 3-5 s (if it is provided for the construction of the pressure alarm).
5.8.7 When using the liquid flow alarm in the control unit instead of sprinkler alarm valve or
when using its contacts for sending a control signal for activation of the fire pump, a delay of 3-5
should be provided, at the same time, not less than 2 contact groups should be connected to the
LFA.
N o t e – The absence of the LFA false activation is checked during the AFS running-in period.
Initially, minimal time of delay is set. If false activation take place, the time of delay will be
increased.
5.8.8 Locking devices (shutters or gates) in control units should be located:
- in sprinkler AFSs before the alarm valve;
- in drencher and sprinkler-drencher AFSs before and after the alarm valve.
Assembly of locking device in sprinkler water-filled and air AFS is allowed beyond the alarm
valve, provided that automatic control of locking device condition (“Closed” – “Open”) with alarm
output to the premise with constant presence of duty staff is provided.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
5.8.9 If the distance between the floor and the places of maintenance and control of electric drive
and shutters (gates) flywheels equipment is more than 1.4 m, platforms and bridges should be
provided, at the same time, the distance (height) from the platform or bridge to the places of
maintenance and control should be not more than 1 m.
5.8.10 Equipment and fitting location under the mounting area or operating platforms is
acceptable, if the distance between the floor (or bridge) and the bottom of protruding constructions
is not less than 1.8 m. At the same time, strip coating of platforms and openings should be provided
under equipment and fitting.
5.8.11 AFS launch devices should be protected from random activations.
5.8.12 The assembly of AFSs should provide the demounting of measuring devices for their
checking without interrupting the workability of the system.
5.8.13 AFS technical facilities (except from irrigators, measuring devices and pipelines) should
be painted red, according to GOST 12.4.009, GOST R 12.4.026, GOST R 50680 and GOST R
50800.
5.9 Water supply of systems and preparation of foam solution
5.9.1 Surface water, fire reservoirs, or water pipelines of various purposes should be used as the
source of water supply of water fire-fighting systems.
5.9.2 If hydraulic parameters of the water pipeline (pressure, consumption) do not provide
calculated parameters of the system, then a pumping facility should be [resent in order to increase
25
pressure.
5.9.3 In water and air AFSs, fire pumps (as well as in a modular build), automatic and auxiliary
water feeders can be used in order to provide necessary pressure and (or) consumption.
5.9.4 In water-filled sprinkler AFSs, in water-filled AFSs with forced launch and in water-filled
sprinkler-drencher AFSs, one of types of automatic water feeders without reservation should be
provided:
- vessel (vessels) of capacity not less than 1 m 3, filled with water (0.5±0.1) m3 and compressed
air;
- feeding pump (jockey pump), equipped with an intermediate membrane container (vessel) of
capacity not less than 40 L;
- water pipelines of various purposes with guaranteed pressure that provides the activation of
units.
5.9.5 Auxiliary water feeder is used only when the time of activation of the fire pump mode with
automatic or manual starting is over 30 s.
5.9.6 Automatic and auxiliary water feeders should shut down when the fire pump turns on.
5.9.7 Automatic water feeder (a vessel of capacity not less than 1 m 3) should be equipped with a
pressure gauge, pressure alarm, visual and remote level gauges and safety valve.
5.9.8 Automatic water feeder (jockey pump) should be equipped with a pressure gauge and
pressure alarm (or an electric-contact pressure gauge).
5.9.9 Auxiliary water feeder should be equipped with two pressure gauges, visual and remote
level gauges, and safety valve.
5.9.10 In buildings higher than 30 m, it is recommended to place an auxiliary water feeder on
upper service floors.
5.9.11 Calculated quantity of water for water fire-fighting systems is acceptable to store in
auxiliary fire reservoirs, where devices that do not permit the consumption of fire reserves of water
for other purposes should be provided.
5.9.12 If the pressure in the water pipeline exterior network is less than 0.05 MPa, in front of the
pumping facility a fire reservoir should be installed, and its capacity should be determined on the
basis of calculated consumption of water and the time of fire extinguishing.
5.9.13 When defining the capacity of the reservoir for water fire-fighting systems, the possibility
of automatic water recharge of reservoirs during the whole time of fire extinguishing should be
considered.
5.9.14 There should be not less than two fire reservoirs or pools, at the same time, each of them
should store 50% water volume for fire extinguishing, and the water supply to any point of fire
should be provided from two adjacent reservoirs or pools; if the water volume is 1000 m 3 or less, it
is acceptable to store it in one reservoir.
5.9.15 Near the places of location of fire reservoirs or pools, signs should be provided according
to GOST 12.4.009.
5.9.16 Fire pumps and compressors should comply with requirements of technical
documentation for used types of fire pumps and compressors.
5.9.17 The supply of air by a compressor into the network of pipelines, which are operated at
temperatures under 5°С, should be provided through drainage filters.
5.9.18 For each sector of the air sprinkler AFS, air sprinkler AFS with forced launch or air
sprinkler-drencher AFS, independent compressor should be used.
5.9.19 Water pipelines of non-drinking purpose should be the source of water supply for foam
fire-fighting systems, in addition, the quality of water should comply with requirements of technical
documentation for used foaming agent. It is acceptable to use drinking-water pipeline, when there is
a device that provides the break of the stream (flow) during water withdrawal, i.e. the device that
can prevent the penetration of foam solution into the drinking-water pipeline.
5.9.20 Foaming agents used in AFSs should comply with requirements of GOST R 50588 and
[1].
5.9.21 For foam fire-fighting systems, a 100% reserve (apart from calculated) of the foaming
agent should be provided, and it should be activated automatically when there is no supply of the
26
foaming agent from the main dosing device. The supply of reserve foaming agent should be
performed from an independent dosing device.
5.9.22 When defining the volume of the foaming agent for foam fire-fighting systems, the
capacity of pipelines of foam fire-fighting systems should be considered additionally.
5.9.23 Foam AFSs, in comparison with water AFSs, should be equipped with additional devices:
- for transferring the foaming agent from carrying containers into tanks with the foaming agent;
- tanks for the foaming agent;
- for automatic dosing of the foaming agent (when it is stored separately);
- for draining the foaming agent from the tank or the foaming agent solution from pipelines;
- for controlling the foaming agent level in the tank with the foaming agent;
- for mixing the foaming agent solution;
- for supplying the foaming agent solution from portable fire equipment, that provides maximum
calculated consumption and pressure, into dictating sections (with indicating the necessary pressure
that the motor fire engine should provide).
5.9.24 The following facilities can be used as devices for automatic dosing of the foaming agent
(when it is stored separately):
- dosing pump;
- diaphragm-type dosing units;
- ejector-type dosing units;
- dosing tanks.
5.9.25 In the dosing system there are shall be provided two dosing pumps (main and reserve) or
two tank-dispensers, diaphragm or ejector type dispensers.
Calculated and reserve capacities of foam generating agent are allowed to be stored in the same
vessel.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
5.9.26 Devices for mixing the foaming agent or prepared foaming agent solution should
eliminate the possibility of the presence of dead spaces and should provide even mixing of the
foaming agent or prepared foaming agent solution, e.g., it is acceptable to use perforated pipeline
laid along the perimeter of the reservoir at the level of 0.1 m lower than the calculated level.
5.9.27 Storage conditions for the foaming agent should be in compliance with recommendations
[1].
5.9.28 The maximum time for restoring the calculated volume of the fire-fighting agent for water
and foam fire-fighting systems should be applied according to [5].
5.9.29 It is important to provide devices for water drainage after the activation of water AFSs, as
well as a special vessel for collecting spilled foam solution and (or) the foam solution located in the
pipeline after the activation of foam AFSs.
5.9.30 The premises for storage of the foaming agent should be in accordance with requirements
of GOST 12.1.005, [1] and [6].
5.10 Pumping stations
5.10.1 The choice of fire pumping units and quantity of working units should be made in a way
to provide their joint work, maximum required values of working consumption and pressure.
5.10.2 Depending on required consumption, one or several main working pumping units can be
used. With any quantity of working units in the pumping system, one reserve pumping unit should
be provided, and it should correspond to the working unit with maximum consumption and pressure
of the supply. Reserve pumping unit should be activated automatically in case of emergency
shutdown or failure of any of main pumping units.
5.10.3 In pumping units, open or protected electric motors can be used, and they should be
grounded and protected from overload currents and temperature increase. Protection from overload
currents and temperature increase should be provided only for the main working fire pump. If the
switching from the main working fire pump to a reserve one take place during fire extinguishing
27
because of current or temperature overloads, then, in this case, protection from overloads of the
reserve fire pump should not be provided.
5.10.4 Pumping stations of automatic fire-fighting systems should be attributed to category I of
operation reliability and to category I of the level of water supply provision according to [5] and to
category I of power supply reliability according to [7].
5.10.5 In case of inability due to local conditions to provide pumping units with feeding
according to category I from two independent sources of power supply, it is acceptable to use one
source for such purposes subject to connection to different lines with voltage of 0.4 kV and to
different transformers of the two-transformer substation or transformers of two nearest onetransformer substations (with the device of automatic reserve switch).
5.10.6 It is acceptable to use diesel power station as the second independent source of power
supply.
5.10.7 It is acceptable to use a pump with an internal-combustion engine drive as a reserve fire
pump. Pumps with an internal-combustion engine drive can not be located in basement.
5.10.8 Time for switching of fire pumps (with automatic or manual activation) to the operating
mode should not be more than 10 min.
5.10.9 Pumping stations should be located either in detached buildings or extensions, or in the
separate premises of the building on the ground, basement floor or on the first underground floor.
5.10.10 Pumping stations should have a separate exit to the outside, or to a stairway enclosure
that has an exit to the outside.
5.10.11 The premises of the pumping station should be separated from other premises with firefighting shutters and gates with a fire resistance limit of REI 45 according to [8].
5.10.12 The temperature of air in the premises of the pumping station should be between 5 to
35°С, relative air humidity – of not more than 80% at 25°С.
5.10.13 Working and emergency lighting should be applied according to [9].
5.10.14 The premises of the station should be equipped with telephone communication with the
premises of the fire station.
5.10.15 Near the entrance to the premises of the station, a light display “Pumping fire-fighting
station” should be located, and it should be connected to emergency lighting.
5.10.16 The size of the pumping station and the location of its equipment should be designed in
accordance with [5].
5.10.17 When defining the area of the premises of pumping stations, the width of passages
should be not less than:
- between control units, between those and the wall – 0.5 m;
- between pumps or electric motors – 1 m;
- between pumps or electric motors and the wall in the subsurface premises – 0.7 m, in others – 1
m, at the same time, the width of the passage from the side of the electric motor should be enough
for rotor demounting;
- between compressors and air-blowers – 1.5 m, between those and the wall – 1 m;
- between fixed protruding parts of the equipment – 0.7 m;
- in front of the distributing electric board – 2 m.
Notes:
1 Passages around equipment regulated by the manufacturer should be accepted according to
technical data.
2 For pumping stations with the delivery nozzle diameter of under DN 100 inclusively, the
following is acceptable:
- installation of the unit near the wall or on brackets;
- installation of two units at one footing with the distance between protruding parts of units not
less than 0.25 m and providing passages of not less than 0.7 m around the twined system.
5.10.18 In order to decrease the size of the station in the plan, it is acceptable to install pumps
with left and right rotation of the shaft, at the same time, the impeller should rotate only in one
direction.
28
5.10.19 In the premises of the pumping station, pipelines with the nominal diameter of not less
than DN 80 with nipples leaded to the outside at the height of (1.35±0.15) m and equipped with
coupling heads GM 80 should be provided in order to connect the fire-fighting system to portable
fire equipment. Pipelines should provide maximum calculated consumption of the dictating section
of the fire-fighting system.
5.10.20 Outside the premises of the pumping station, coupling heads should be placed in view of
simultaneous connection of at least two fire trucks (i.e. there should be at least two inputs with
coupling heads).
5.10.21 Simultaneously, with the activation of fire pumps, all pumps of other purposes, which
are connected to this main line and are not included into the AFS, should be shut down
automatically.
5.10.22 The axis mark or the mark of immersion of pipes should be defined, as a rule, according
to conditions of installation of pump cases under the bay:
- in a tank (container, reservoir) – from the upper level of water (which is defined from the
bottom) of the fire volume;
- in a water intake well – from the flowing level of underground waters with the maximum water
withdrawal;
- in a stream or in a pool – from the minimum level of water in them: with the maximum
provision of calculated levels of water in surface sources – 1%, and with the minimum – 97%.
5.10.23 When defining the axis mark of the fire pump or the mark of immersion of the fire pump
in relation to the minimum level of withdrawn water, technical documentation on the certain type of
pump should be considered.
5.10.24 In submerged and semi-submerged pumping stations, several measures should be
provided against the possible flooding of units in case of an accident within the engine room at the
pump with maximum performance, and also at lock valves or pipeline, with the help of the
following:
- electric motors of pumps should be placed at the height of not less than 0.5 m from the floor of
the engine room;
- gravity release of emergency quantity of water into the sewage or to the ground surface;
- pumping of water from the well with the help of special or main pumps of production value.
5.10.25 For water drainage, the floor and channels of the engine room should be designed with a
slope toward the collecting well. At the footings for pumps, skirtings, channels and tubes for water
drainage should be present; if there is no opportunity for gravity water drainage from the well, drain
pumps should be provided.
5.10.26 In pumping stations with internal-combustion engines, it is acceptable to locate supply
containers with liquid fuel (gasoline – 250 L, diesel fuel – 500 L) in the premises separated from the
engine room with incombustible constructions with a fire resistance limit of not less than REI 120
according to [8].
5.10.27 It is acceptable not to provide vibroisolating bases and vibroisolating inserts in fire
pumps.
5.10.28 Fire pumping units and modular pumping systems should be installed at the footing, the
mass of which is at least 4 times bigger than the mass of pumping units and modular pumping
systems.
5.10.29 There should be at least two suction lines to the pumping station regardless of the
number and groups of installed pumps. Each suction line should be able to pass the full calculated
consumption of water.
5.10.30 The placement of lock valves at all suction and pressure pipelines should provide the
possibility of replacement or repair of any pump, inverted valves and main lock valves, as well as of
checking the characteristics of pumps.
5.10.31 As a rule, the suction pipeline should have a continuous lift to the pump with a slope of
at least 0.005. In places, where diameters of pipelines are changing, out-of-line crossings should be
used.
5.10.32 On a force line, each pump should have an inverted valve, a shutter and a pressure
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gauge, and on a suction line – a shutter and a pressure gauge. On a suction line, if the pump is
working without a static suction head, there is no need to install a shutter there.
5.10.33 If there are any mounting inserts, they should be placed between lock valves and the
inverted valve.
5.10.34 Locking devices (shutters or gates) mounted at pipelines, which fill reservoirs with the
fire-fighting agent, should be located in the premises of the pumping station. It is acceptable to
locate them in the premises of the hydrometric unit.
5.10.35 The signal of automatic or remote launch should be sent to the fire pump after the
automatic check of water pressure in the system; with sufficient pressure in the system, the launch
of the fire pump should be automatically cancelled before the moment of pressure lowering to the
value that requires the activation of the pumping unit.
5.10.36 In case of automatic or remote activation of fire pumps, a signal (light or audio) should
be sent simultaneously to the premises of the fire station or to any other premises with the roundthe-clock presence of the maintenance personnel.
5.10.37 In pumping stations, it is important to provide the measurement of pressure in pressure
pipelines of each pumping unit, of temperature of units’ bearings (if necessary), of alarm level of
flooding (the presence of water in the engine room at the level of footings of electric drives).
5.10.38 Visual level indicator for control of the fire-fighting agent level in fire reservoirs should
be located in the premises of the pumping station. With automatic reservoir recharge, it is
acceptable to use only automatic measuring of alarm levels, with signalization outputs to the fire
station and to the pumping station.
5.10.39 Pumping units and control units should be painted red according to GOST 12.4.009,
GOST R 12.4.026, GOST R 50680, GOST R 50800 and GOST R 51052.
6 High-expansion foam fire-fighting systems
6.1 Application domain
6.1.1 High-expansion foam fire-fighting systems are used for volumetric and local-volumetric
extinguishing of fire of classes A2, B according to GOST 27331.
6.1.2 Local-volumetric high-expansion foam fire-fighting systems are used for fire extinguishing
of separate units or equipment in cases when the use of systems for protection of the premises in
general is technically impossible or economically inexpedient.
6.2 Systems classification
6.2.1 Depending on protected objects, systems can be divided into:
- volumetric fire-fighting systems;
- local-volumetric fire-fighting systems.
6.2.2 Depending on the construction of foam generators, systems can be divided into:
- systems with generators working with forced air supply (ventilatory type, as a rule);
- systems with ejection type generators.
6.3 Development
6.3.1 General requirements
6.3.1.1 Systems should be in concordance with general technical requirements specified in
GOST R 50800.
6.3.1.2 In systems, only specific foaming agents for receiving high-expansion foam should be
used.
6.3.1.3 Systems should provide the filling of the protected volume with foam up to the height,
which exceeds the highest point of equipment for at least 1 m, during not more than 10 min.
6.3.1.4 Equipment, the length and diameter of pipelines should be chosen subject to the
condition that the persistence of the system is not more than 180 s.
6.3.1.5 Performance of systems and the quantity of the foaming agent solution are defined on the
basis of the calculated volume of the protected premises according to recommended annex D.
If the system is used in several premises, the room, for protection of which the maximum
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quantity of the foaming agent solution is required, is accepted as a design one.
6.3.1.6 When using local-volumetric fire-fighting systems, protected facilities or equipment are
separated with metal gauze with the cell size of not more than 5 mm. The height of the enclosure
should be 1 m more than the height of the protected facility or equipment and should be placed at
least 0.5 m away from it.
6.3.1.7 Calculated volume of local fire-fighting is defined on the basis of multiplying the base
area of the enclosure of the facility or equipment by its height.
The time of filling of protected volume during local fire-fighting should be of not more than 180 s.
6.3.1.8 Systems should be equipped with filter elements installed at feeding pipelines in front of
sprayers, the size of the filter cell should be less than the minimal size of the sprayer outflow
channel.
6.3.1.9 In one room, only foam generators of one type and construction should be used.
The quantity of foam generators should be calculated, but there should be at least two of them.
6.3.1.10 When locating foam generators in places of their possible mechanical damage, their
protection should be provided.
6.3.1.11 In systems, there should be a 100% reserve of the foam generator apart from the
calculated quantity.
6.3.1.12 When designing pumping stations, water supply of systems, pipelines, and their holders,
requirements of section 5 of the current Code of practices should be considered.
Pipelines should be made of galvanized steel pipes according to GOST 3262.
6.3.2 Systems with generators working with forced air supply
6.3.2.1 Foam generators should be located at the pumping station or directly in the protected
premises. In the first case, foam is delivered to the protected room either from the generator
discharge nozzle, or through special channels, the diameter of which should be not less than the
diameter of the generator discharge nozzle, and their length should be not more than 10 m. in the
second case, the intake of fresh air or the use of foam generators, that are able to produce foam in
the environment of combustion products, should be provided.
6.3.2.2 Channels for foam supply should correspond to the K0 class of fire hazard.
6.3.2.3 In the top part of the protected premises, air discharge during the ingress of foam should
be provided.
6.3.2.4 If the area of the protected room is over 400 m2, then the input of foam should be
provided at least in two places situated in opposite parts of the room.
6.3.3 Systems with ejection type generators
6.3.3.1 The system can protect both the whole area of the room (volumetric fire-fighting system)
and a part of the room or a separate technological unit (local-volumetric fire-fighting systems). In
the first case, generators are placed under the ceiling and are evenly distributed across the area of
the room in order to provide the filling with foam of the whole area of the room, including its
separated sections. In the second case, generators are placed directly above the protected section of
the room or technological unit.
7 Robotized fire complex
7.1 General provisions
7.1.1 When designing the automatic robotized fire complex (RFC), requirements of GOST
12.2.072, GOST R 50680, GOST R 50800 and GOST R 53329 should be considered.
7.1.2 Designing of the RFC should be performed on the basis of technical specifications
developed for each specific object or a group of similar objects. Development of technical
specifications should be performed by an organization with appropriate powers.
7.1.3 The RFC should include:
- at least two stationary robotized fire systems;
- control system;
- lock-start gear with electric drive.
7.1.4 The stationary robotized fire system (hereafter referred to as RFS) is used for producing
and directing a thick or sprayed stream of the FFS to the fire seat, or for cooling of manufacturing
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equipment and building constructions.
7.1.5 Water or the foaming agent solution can be used as a fire-fighting substance.
7.1.6 The algorithm of joint interaction of RFSs integrated into the RFC and the quantity of
RFSs simultaneously engaged in operating mode (fire-fighting substance supply mode), is accepted
in view of architectural and planning concepts of the protected room and the equipment situated
there.
7.1.7 The RFS should provide the operation in the following modes:
- automatic positional or contour program scanning;
- manual control from the remote control console with the help of operational program or pushbutton control of the movement of the RFS fire nozzle in horizontal and vertical planes;
- manual push-button control of the movement of the RFS fire nozzle from the local control panel;
- manual mechanical control directly with the help of handle situated at the RFS fire nozzle.
7.1.8 The algorithm of detection of inflammations, search of the fire seat and targeting the RFS
fire nozzle to it should be in accordance with technical documentation of the manufacturer in view
of specific conditions of protection of an object.
7.1.9 Each point of the room or protected equipment should be in the action zone of at least two
RFSs.
7.1.10 Arrangement of RFSs should exclude extensive “dead” zones for targeting sensors, as
well as “dead” zones not exposed to the FFS action.
7.1.11 RFS fire nozzles should be installed on special platforms that should provide
maintainability of RFSs.
7.1.12 When assembling the RFS on a platform at a height of more than 1000 mm from the floor,
this platform should be equipped with an enclosure in order to provide the safety of maintenance
personnel.
7.1.13 The access to the RFS equipment should be convenient and safe.
7.1.14 The place of the RFS location should have no obstacles for rotation of its fire nozzle in
horizontal and vertical planes in view of the nozzle length and the range of travel angles.
7.1.15 The movement of the RFS fire nozzle in search of the source of inflammation should be
performed by a signal either from automatic fire detectors of overall view or from zonal automatic
fire detectors.
7.1.16 Positional or contour program scanning with the supply of the FFS within angular
coordinates of inflammation should be performed either by a signal of the targeting sensor installed
at the RFS fire nozzle, or according to the preplanned program.
7.1.17 Angular coordinates of scanning of the RFS fire nozzle with the supply of the FFS should
be determined depending on the inaccuracy of targeting, positioning and working-out of the RFS
scan path.
7.1.18 RFCs should determine total consumption and the pressure of supply of the fire-fighting
substance by calculation in view of the quantity of RFSs simultaneously engaged in operating
mode, hydraulic losses in the feeding pipeline, technological characteristics of an object, the group
of the premises (annex B), the nature and size of the fire load.
7.1.19 The time of continuous operation in operating mode (fire-fighting substance supply mode)
should be in compliance with the group of the premises (annex A).
7.1.20 RFC pipelines should provide durability with trial pressure of Рt≥1.25 Рwork.max, but not less
than 1.25 MPa, and air-tightness with Рa-t≥Рwork.max, but not less than 1 MPa.
7.1.21 The RFS fire nozzle and all control units under alternating voltage of 220 V should have a
clamp and a grounding sign. The grounding sign and the clamp place should be in compliance with
requirements of GOST 12.1.030 and GOST 21130.
7.1.22 RFS fire nozzles, their control consoles and units, lock-start devises with electro-drive,
fire detectors of overall view and zonal fire detectors should be painted red according to GOST R
12.4.026, GOST R 50680 and GOST R 50800.
7.2 Requirements to the RFC fire alarm system
7.2.1 Each automatic zonal fire detector or a group of detectors controlling one zone should
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identify only the zone controlled by them.
7.2.2 If several zonal fire detectors are used for control of one zone, then in order to send a
control command to search the fire seat by a group of RFSs, these detectors should be connected
according to the logical disjunction scheme (OR circuit).
7.2.3 Activation of the fire pump, lock-start devises with electro-drive, dispatching of signals to
the fire station, activation of audio and light fire alarm, dispatching of the signal to the fire station
(to the control room) «Fire» and dispatching of signals in order to control technological systems,
ventilation systems, etc. should be performed after registration of fire by an automatic fire detector
of targeting of the RFS that was the first one to detect the fire.
7.2.4 In case of activation of automatic fire detectors of overall view or any automatic zonal fire
detectors, the signal «Attention» should be dispatched to the fire station (to the control room).
8 Gas fire-fighting systems
8.1 Application domain
8.1.1 Automatic gas fire-fighting systems (AGFS) are used for extinguishing of fires of А, В, С
classes according to GOST 27331 and electrical equipment (electricity generating facility under
voltage).
At the same time, the following materials should not use for fire extinguishing:
- fibrous, friable, cellular and other combustible materials predisposed to spontaneous
inflammation and smoldering inside the volume of the substance (sawdust, cotton, grass meal, etc.);
- chemical agents and their mixtures, polymeric materials predisposed to smoldering and burning
in absence of air;
- hydrides of metals and pyrophoric substances;
- metal powders (sodium, potassium, magnesium, titanium, etc.).
8.1.2 It is forbidden to use volumetric carbon-dioxide (СО2) fire-fighting systems:
a) in the premises that can not be left by people prior to activation of the facility;
b) in the premises with a big number of people (50 people and more).
8.1.3 Volumetric fire-fighting systems (except for nitrogen and argon fire extinguishing) are used
for protection of the premises (equipment) that have stationary enclosures with the leakage
parameter of not more than values specified in table E.12 annex E.
For nitrogen and argon fire-fighting systems, the leakage parameter should be of not more than
0,001 m–1.
Notes:
1 When dividing the area of the protected room into adjacent zones (raised floor, dropped
ceiling, etc.), the leakage parameter should not exceed the value specified for each zone. The
leakage parameter is defined without taking into consideration openings in enclosures between
adjacent zones, if simultaneous supply of gas fire-fighting substances (GFFS) is provided for them.
2 Designing of volumetric fire-fighting systems for protection of the premises with high values
of the leakage parameter is performed according to additional specifications developed for a
specific object.
8.2 Systems classification and composition
8.2.1 Systems can be classified by:
- the fire-fighting method: volumetric fire-fighting, local-volumetric;
- the method of storage of gas fire-fighting substance: centralized, modular;
- the method of activation from the action pulse: with electric, pneumatic, mechanical start or
with their combination.
8.2.2 For AGFSs, the following types of activation (start) can be provided:
- automatic (main);
- remote (manual);
- local (manual).
8.2.3 The technological part of systems contains vessels with GFFS, pipelines and heads.
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Moreover, incentive systems can be included into the composition of the technological part of
systems.
8.3 Fire-fighting agents
8.3.1 GFFS presented in table 8.1 are used in systems.
Table 8.1
Liquefied gases
Carbon dioxide (СО2)
Freon 23 (СF3H)
Freon 125 (С2F5H)
Freon 218 (С3F8)
Freon 227ea (С3F7H)
Freon 318C (С4F8H)
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
Freon trifluoromethane-18I:
freon 23 (СF3H) - 90 % (mass)
methyl iodide (CH3J) - 10 % (mass)
Freon fluoroketone-5-1-12
(CF3CF2C(O)CF(CF3)2)
Freon 217J1(C3F7J)
Freon CF3J
Compressed gases
Nitrogen (N2)
Argon (Ar)
Inergen:
nitrogen - 52% (vol.)
argon - 40% (vol.)
carbon dioxide - 8% (vol.)
Argonite:
nitrogen - 50% (vol.)
argon - 50% (vol.)
N o t e – The use of other GFFSs (including liquefied nitrogen and argon, gaseous nitrogenenriched mixtures, as well as other GFFSs not listed in table 8.1) is performed according to
additional specifications developed for a specific object.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
8.3.2 Nitrogen, technical features of which are in compliance with GOST 9293, should be used
as a propellant gas. It is acceptable to use air, dew point for which should be not more than -40°С.
8.4 General requirements
8.4.1 Systems should be in compliance with requirements of GOST R 50969. The design of
equipment included into the system should be in compliance with requirements of working
normative document.
8.4.2 During the development of the technological part project, the following calculations are
performed:
- the mass of GFFS in the fire-fighting system (annex F). Source data for mass calculation are
provided in annex E;
- the diameter of system pipelines, type and quantity of heads, time of GFFS supply (hydraulic
calculation). The methodology of calculation for the carbon-dioxide system containing isothermal
reservoir is presented in annex G. For other systems, it is recommended to perform calculation
according to methods approved in due order;
- area of the opening for excess pressure relief in the protected room during the GFFS supply
(annex H).
8.5 Volumetric fire-fighting systems
8.5.1 Source data for calculation and designing.
Source data for calculation and designing of the system are:
- the list of the premises and the presence of areas of raised floors and suspended ceilings that
should be protected by the fire-fighting system;
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- the number of the premises (directions) that should be simultaneously protected by the firefighting system;
- geometrics of the room (architecture of the room, length, width and height of enclosures, room
volume);
- ceiling construction and infrastructure arrangement;
- area of permanently open openings in enclosures and their arrangement;
- maximum safe pressure in the protected room defined in view of requirements of paragraph 6
of GOST 12.3.047;
- the range of temperature, pressure and humidity in the protected room where system
component parts are located;
- the list and fire hazard values of substances and materials, which are present in the protected
room, and the fire class according to GOST 27331 that corresponds to them;
- type, value and scheme of the fire load;
- the presence and description of ventilation, air conditioning and air heating systems;
- description of manufacturing equipment;
- the premises category according to [10] and zone classes according to [7];
- the presence of people and their escape routes.
Source data are included into the project statement, which should be coordinated with the
organization – developer of the system, and are included into project documentation.
8.6 The quantity of gas fire-fighting substance
8.6.1 Calculated GFFS quantity (mass) in the system should be sufficient in order to provide its
normative fire-fighting concentration in any protected premises or in a group of the premises
simultaneously protected.
8.6.2 Centralized systems should have a 100% reserve apart from the calculated GFFS quantity.
It is acceptable to co-store the calculated GFFS quantity and the reserve in a thermally insulated
reservoir subject to it is equipped with lock-start device with a bidirectional drive and technical
facilities for controlling it.
8.6.3 Modular systems should have a 100% reserve apart from the calculated GFFS quantity. If
the object has several modular systems, the reserve should be in a quantity sufficient for restoring
operability of the system that has been activated in any protected room of the object.
The reserve should be stored in modules similar to systems’ modules. Modules with the reserve
should be ready to be mounted into the system.
Modules with the reserve should be stored at the warehouse of the object or of an organization
that maintains fire-fighting systems.
8.6.4 If the testing of the system is needed, the GFFS reserve for these tests is counted subject to
the condition of protection of the premises with the smallest volume, unless there are any other
requirements.
8.7 Timing data
8.7.1 In case of automatic and remote start, the system should provide the delay of GFFS release
into the protected premises for a time necessary for evacuation of people from the premises,
shutting-down of ventilation (conditioning, etc.), closing of shutters (fire valves, etc.), but not less
than 10 s from the moment of activation of evacuation warning devices in the premises.
The time of complete closing of shutters (valves) in air ducts of ventilation systems in the
protected premises should not exceed the time of delay specified for these premises.
N o t e – During fire extinguishing, it is acceptable not to shut down ventilation systems, which
provide the safety of the technological process in the protected premises. At the same time, system
calculation is performed according to special methods in view of individual characteristics of the
protected object.
8.7.2 The system should provide the response time (time of response without taking into
consideration the time of GFFS supply delay) not more than 15 s.
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8.7.3 The system should provide the supply of at least 95% GFFS mass required for creating
normative fire-fighting concentration in the protected premises during a period of time that does not
exceed:
- 10 s for modular systems, where liquefied gases (except for carbon dioxide) are used as GFFSs;
- 15 s for centralized systems, where liquefied gases (except for carbon dioxide) are used as
GFFSs;
- 60 s for modular and centralized systems, where carbon dioxide or compressed gases are used
as GFFSs.
The nominal value of time interval is defined during the storage of the vessel with GFFS at
20°С.
8.8 Vessels for gas fire-fighting substance
8.8.1 In systems, the following items are used:
- gas fire-fighting modules;
- gas fire-fighting bank;
- thermally insulated fire reservoirs.
In centralized systems, vessels should be located at fire-fighting stations. In modular systems,
modules can be located either in the most protected room or outside this room in close proximity to
it. The distance between vessels and heat sources (heaters, etc.) should be not less than 1 m.
Distributing devices should be placed in the premises of the fire-fighting station.
8.8.2 The placement of manufacturing equipment of centralized and modular systems should
provide the possibility of their maintenance.
8.8.3 Vessels should be placed as close to the protected premises as possible. At the same time,
vessels should not be located in places where they can be in danger of harmful effect of fire
(explosion) factors, mechanical, chemical or any other damage, direct action of the sunlight.
8.8.4 For system modules of one dimension-type, calculated values of filling with GFFS and
propellant gas should be the same.
8.8.5 When connecting two and more modules to the collector (pipeline), modules of one
dimension-type should be used:
- with the same GFFS filling and propellant gas pressure, if a liquefied gas is used as GFFS;
- with the same GFFS pressure, if a compressed gas is used as GFFS;
- with the same GFFS filling, if a liquefied gas without a propellant gas is used as GFFS.
Connection of modules to the collector should be performed through the inverted valve.
N o t e – If the algorithm of system work provides simultaneous supply from all modules
connected to the common collector, then it is acceptable not to install inverted valves for their
connection to the collector. At the same time, plugs should be provided for collector hermetization
when shutting-down modules.
8.8.6 Modules in the system should be securely fixated in accordance with manufacturer’s
technical documentation of the.
8.8.7 Vessels for reserve storage should be connected and be in the local start mode. The
switching of these vessels to the remote or automatic start mode can be provided only after the
supply or failure of supply of calculated GFFS quantity.
8.8.8 Technical facilities of the GFFS and propellant gas safety control in modules should be in
compliance with GOST R 53281.
Modules meant for storage of:
- GFFS-liquefied gases used without a propellant gas (e.g., freon 23 or СО2) should contain
devices for control of mass or GFFS liquid phase level. The control device should be activated
when the module mass is decreasing by a value that does not exceed 5% of GFFS mass in the
module.
- GFFS-compressed gases should contain a device for pressure control, which provides the
control of GFFS leakage of not more than 5% of pressure in the module.
- GFFS-liquefied gases used with a propellant gas should contain a device for pressure control,
36
which provides the control of propellant gas leakage of not more than 10% of pressure of propellant
gas charged into the module.
The method of GFFS safety control should provide the control of GFFS leakage of not more than
5%. At the same time, GFFS mass safety control in modules with a propellant gas is performed by
periodic weighing. Control frequency and technical facilities for control implementation are defined
by the manufacturer of the module and should be specified in TD of the module.
8.9 Pipelines
8.9.1 Systems’ pipelines should be made of steel pipes according to GOST 8732 or GOST 8734,
as well as of brass or stainless steel pipes. Incentive pipelines should be made of steel pipes
according to GOST 10704. For threaded connection of pipes, fittings made of the same materials
should be used.
8.9.2 Pipelines connection in fire-fighting systems should be welded, threaded, flanged or
soldered.
8.9.3 The construction of pipelines should provide the possibility of purging in order to remove
water after performing hydraulic tests or draining of accumulated condensate.
8.9.4 Pipelines should be safely secured. The gap between the pipeline and the wall should be of
at least 2 cm.
8.9.5 Pipelines and their joints should provide durability with pressure of 1.25Рwork, and airtightness for 5 minutes with pressure of Рwork (where Рwork – the maximum pressure of GFFS in the
vessel in service conditions).
8.9.6 Systems’ pipelines should be grounded (neutrally grounded). The sign and the place of
grounding should be in accordance with GOST 21130.
8.9.7 In order to connect module with the pipeline, it is acceptable to use flexible connectors
(e.g., high-pressure hoses) or copper pipelines, the durability of which is provided with pressure not
less than 1.5Рwork.
8.9.8 As a rule, the system of distribution pipelines should be symmetrical.
8.9.9 Internal volume of pipelines should not exceed 80% of the volume of liquid phase of
calculated GFFS quantity at 20°С.
8.10 Incentive systems
8.10.1 Arrangement of thermal sensing elements of incentive systems in protected should be
performed in accordance with requirements stated in section 5.
8.10.2 The nominal diameter of incentive pipelines should be of 15 mm.
8.10.3 Incentive pipelines and their joints in systems should provide durability with pressure of
1.25Р and air-tightness with pressure of not less than Р (Р – the maximum gas (air) pressure in the
incentive system).
8.10.4 Remote system start devices should be placed not higher than 1.7 m.
Other requirements to remote start devices should be in concordance with requirements to
similar AGFS facilities stated in sections 12-17 of the current Code of practices and in current
normative documentation.
8.11 Head pieces
8.11.1 The choice of head pieces type is defined by their technical characteristics for a specific
GFFS.
8.11.2 Head pieces should be located in the protected room in view of its geometrics and should
provide GFFS distribution to the whole room space with concentration of not lesser than normative.
8.11.3 Head pieces installed at the pipelines arrangement for supply of GFFSs, which density in
normal conditions exceeds the density of air, should be located not more than 0.5 m away from the
ceiling (ceiling, suspended ceiling, dropped ceiling) of the protected room.
8.11.4 The difference of GFFS consumption between two extreme head pieces at one distribution
pipeline should not exceed 20%.
8.11.5 It is recommended to install filters at the input of the head piece, which individual outlet
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holes diameter does not exceed 3 mm.
8.11.6 In one room (protected space), head pieces of only one dimension type should be used.
8.11.7 Head pieces durability should be provided with pressure of 1.25Рwork.
Head pieces should be made of corrosion-resistant materials (e.g., brass) or have protective
coating.
8.11.8 Outlet holes of head pieces should be oriented in such a way so that GFFS streams are not
directed exactly toward constantly open openings of the protected room.
8.11.9 Head pieces should be protected when they are located in places of possible mechanical
damage or clogging.
8.12 Fire-fighting stations
8.12.1 The premises of fire-fighting stations should be separated from other premises with fireproof type 1 partitions and type 3 ceilings.
The premises of the station could not be located under or above premises of A and B categories.
As a rule, the premises of fire-fighting stations should be located in the basement, on the
basement floor or on the ground floor of buildings. It is acceptable to locate the fire-fighting station
above the ground floor, at the same time, lift-and-carry units of buildings and constructions should
provide the possibility of equipment delivery to the system and of performing service checks. The
exit from the station should lead to the outside, to the staircase that has an exit to the outside, to the
lobby or to the corridor subject to the distance between the station exit and the staircase does not
exceed 25 m, and there are no exits from the premises of A and B categories to this corridor.
N o t e – It is allowed to install thermally insulated reservoirs outside the station room, with
providing a shed for protection from precipitations and solar radiation, and with an enclosure along
the perimeter of the platform. At the same time, the following should be provided:
- emergency lighting in the place of reservoir installation;
- execution of measures eliminating an unauthorized access of people to the reservoir, units of its
control (activation) and distribution devices;
- access roads to the reservoir.
8.12.2 The height of the premises of the fire-fighting station should at least of 2.5 m for systems
where modules or batteries are used. When using a thermally insulated reservoir, the minimum
height of the room is defined by the height of the reservoir in view of providing the distance
between it and the ceiling of not less than 1 m.
In the premises of the fire-fighting station, the temperature should be of 5 to 35°С, relative air
humidity of not more than 80% at 25°С, illumination of at least 100 lux with fluorescent lamps and
of at least 75 lux with incandescent lamps.
Emergency lighting should be in concordance with requirements [9].
The premises of fire-fighting stations should be equipped with supply-and-exhaust ventilation
with at least twofold air exchange, and also with telephone communication with a room of duty
personnel who are on round-the-clock duty.
A light panel «Fire-fighting station» should be installed near the entrance of the station premises.
The entrance door should have a locking device on order to rule out the possibility of an
unauthorized access to the premises of the fire-fighting station.
8.12.3 Arrangement of facilities and equipment should provide the possibility of their
maintenance.
8.13 Local start devices
8.13.1 Centralized systems should be equipped with local start devices.
8.13.2 Local start of modular systems, which modules are located in the protected premises,
should be eliminated. If starting elements are present on modules, they should be demounted or
blocked against possible activation.
8.13.3 As a rule, local start of modular systems, which modules are located outside the protected
premises, are not provided. In relevant cases, local start can be applied, while starting elements
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should:
- be located outside the protected premises in the zone protected from the fire factors influence;
- have an enclosure with a locking device that rules out the possibility of an unauthorized access to
them;
- provide simultaneous activation of all starting elements (i.e. modules) of the system.
8.13.4 Starting elements of local start devices should be placed at a height of not more than 1.7
m from the floor.
8.13.5 If there are several directions of GFFS supply, starting elements of local start devices of
batteries (modules) and distribution devices should have plates with indication of the protected
premises (direction).
8.14 Requirements to the protected premises
8.14.1 The leakage parameter of the protected premises should not exceed values specified in p.
8.1.3. Measures should be taken in order to eliminate technologically unreasonable openings, door
closers should be installed, and cable passages should be packed.
8.14.2 A constantly open opening (or a device which opening is opened during the GFFS supply)
for pressure relief should be provided in the premises, if its necessity is proved by calculation
according to methods presented in annex H.
8.14.3 Air gates (shutters or fire valves), which are automatically closing when fire is detected,
should be provided in systems of air duct of general ventilation, air heating and air conditioning of
the protected premises.
Ventilation units that provide the safety of the technological process in the protected premises are
an exception, at the same time, unit calculation is performed according to additional norms
developed for a specific object.
It is acceptable not to install automatically closing gates (shutters), when ventilation openings are
considered during the designing of the unit as constantly open openings, and ventilation flows
shutdown is performed prior to GFFS supply.
8.14.4 General ventilation of buildings, constructions and the premises should be used for
prompt GFFS removal after fire extinguishing. For this purpose, it is acceptable to provide mobile
ventilation units.
8.15 Local-volumetric fire-fighting systems
8.15.1 Local-volumetric fire-fighting systems used for fire extinguishing of separate units or
equipment in cases when the use of volumetric systems is technically impossible or economically
inexpedient.
8.15.2 Calculated volume of local fire-fighting is defined on the basis of multiplying the height
of the facility or equipment by area of projection to the floor surface. At the same time, all
calculated size parameters (length, width, and height) of the unit should be increased up to 1 m.
8.15.3 Carbon dioxide should be used during local-volumetric fire-fighting.
8.15.4 Standard mass fire-fighting concentration during local-volumetric fire-fighting with
carbon dioxide is 6 kg/m3.
8.15.5 The time of GFFS supply during local fire-fighting should not exceed 30 s.
The time of GFFS supply can be increased in order to eliminate the hazard of re-inflammation.
8.16 Safety requirements
8.16.1 Designing of systems should be performed in view of providing the possibility of
compliance with safety requirements when performing the assembly, checkout, approval and
operation of the system, which are stated in current technological normative documentation (TND)
for certain type of systems.
8.16.2 Manual system start devices should be protected from their accident activation or from
mechanical damage, and they should be sealed, except for local start devices located in the premises
of fire-fighting stations or remote start devices of fire stations.
8.16.3 Safeguarding equipment for GFFS (gas) discharge should be located so that to eliminate
39
personnel traumatizing during its activation.
Drainage pipelines for gas discharge to the safe zone should be connected to discharge units of
safeguarding devices of the thermally insulated reservoir.
8.16.4 It is recommended to provide safeguarding devices for safe GFFS discharge in systems at
pipeline sections where there is a possibility of formation of closed cavities for liquefied GFFSs
between valves (e.g., between the inverted valve of the battery and the distribution device, in case
of failure of the latter).
8.16.5 Vessels used in fire-fighting systems should correspond to requirements [3].
8.16.6 Grounding and neutral grounding of devices and equipment of systems should be
performed according to [11] and should be in compliance with requirements of equipment technical
documentation.
8.16.7 After the GFFS release and fire liquidation until the moment of finishing the ventilation, it
is permitted to enter the premises only in isolating respiratory protective equipment.
8.16.8 It is permitted to enter the premises without isolating respiratory protective equipment
only after elimination of combustion products, GFFS and its products of thermal decomposition to
the safe value (concentration).
8.16.9 Additional safety requirements, which take into account conditions of their usage, can be
placed on systems.
8.16.10 As for environmental protection, systems should be in compliance with requirements of
technical documentation for fire-fighting substances during their operation, maintenance, testing
and repairing.
9 Powder fire-fighting systems of modular type
9.1 Application domain
9.1.1 Automatic powder fire-fighting systems (APFS) are used for extinguishing of fires of А, В,
С classes and electrical equipment (electricity generating facility under voltage).
9.1.2 In the premises of A and B categories of fire and explosion risk according to [10] and in
dangerously explosive zones according to [7], it is acceptable to use systems, which have
corresponding certificate of equipment explosion proofness issued in due order, and which have
necessary level of explosion proofness or level of protection of electrical parts of systems’
equipment.
At the same time, constructive arrangement of system equipment at the moment of its activation
should eliminate the possibility of inflammation of explosive mixture, which can be located in the
protected premises, and that should be proved by corresponding tests according to methods
approved in due order.
9.1.3 It is forbidden to use these systems:
a) in the premises that can not be left by people prior to activation of the facility;
b) in the premises with a big number of people (50 people and more).
N o t e – It is acceptable to use systems for protection of the premises of the F5.1 functional fire
hazard class (production purpose buildings [12], article 32), as well as of storage rooms of the F5.2
functional fire hazard class in they have a fire load of the В class according to GOST 27331 (fuels
and lubricants warehouses, etc.). In the project of the fire-fighting system, it should be stated that
personnel who work in these premises should be instructed about factors hazardous for people,
which appear during the powder supply from fire-fighting modules, and they should also
periodically undergo training according to paragraph 16 [13].
9.1.4 Systems should not be used for fire extinguishing of:
- combustible materials predisposed to spontaneous inflammation and smoldering inside the
volume of the substance (sawdust, cotton, grass meal, etc.);
- pyrophoric substances and materials predisposed to smoldering and burning in absence of air.
9.1.5 Systems can be used for fire extinguishing of protected area, for local fire extinguishing of
a part of area or space, for fire extinguishing of the whole protected space (when complying with
requirements of p. 9.2.7, 9.2.8, 9.2.17).
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9.1.6 Fire-fighting powders should be in compliance with requirements of GOST R 53280.4. At
the same time, the breakdown voltage parameter is not considered for impulse modules of powder
fire-fighting.
9.1.7 It is acceptable to use systems, which can only detect and extinguish the fire and also
dispatch the fire signal, for protection of the premises with the volume of not more than 100 m3 with
the fire load not exceeding 1000 MJ/m2, where the speed of air flows in the fire-fighting zone does
not exceed 1.5 m/s, and which are visited periodically by maintenance personnel (when the
production need arises), and also for protection of electric equipment cabinets, etc.
In the project of the fire-fighting system, it should be stated that personnel who periodically visit
these premises should be instructed about factors hazardous for people, which appear during the
powder supply from fire-fighting modules.
9.2 Designing
9.2.1 In system project documentation, system parameters according to GOST R 51091 and
operating rules should be stated.
9.2.2 Depending on the construction of the powder fire-fighting module (in this section, hereafter
referred to as – modules), systems can be with or without the distribution pipeline.
9.2.3 Depending on the way of storage of the propellant gas in the module (container), systems
are divided into pumping, with a gas-generating element, with a compressed or liquefied gas tank.
9.2.4 It is acceptable not to have a local manual start when placing modules in the protected
premises.
9.2.5 When calculating the volume of the protected premises, in case when equipment and
building construction are made of noncombustible materials, it is acceptable to deduct their volume
from the calculated volume of the premises.
9.2.6 Local protection of individual manufacturing zones, sections, units and equipment is
provided in the premises the speed of air flows not exceeding 1.5 m/s, or with parameters stated in
technical documentation (TD) for powder fire-fighting modules.
9.2.7 The calculated zone of local fire-fighting is accepted as a 10% increased size of protected
area, a 15% increased size of protected volume.
9.2.8 Fire extinguishing of the whole protected volume of the premises is acceptable in the
premises with the leakage level of under 1.5%. As a rule, in the premises with a volume of more
than 400 m3, the following types of fire extinguishing are used – local by area (volume) or by the
whole area.
9.2.9 The maximum length of distribution pipelines and requirements to them are regulated by
TD for powder fire-fighting modules, and pipelines should be made of steel pipes.
9.2.10 Pipelines joints in fire-fighting systems should be welded, flanged, or threaded.
9.2.11 Pipelines and their joints in fire-fighting systems should provide durability with the
testing pressure of 1.25Рwork, where Рwork - working pressure of the module.
9.2.12 Modules and head pieces should be located in the protected zone in accordance with TD
for modules. The protection of bodies of modules and head pieces from possible damage should be
provided if necessary.
Powder fire-fighting modules should be located in view of the range of operation temperatures.
It is acceptable to locate modules with the distribution pipeline in the protected room (far from
supposed combustion zone) or outside this room in close proximity to it, in a special enclosure, box.
9.2.13 Constructions used for installation of modules or pipelines with head pieces should stand
the effect of loading five times bigger than the weight of installed elements, and should provide
their safety and protection from accident damage.
9.2.14 In the project, measures stated in TD for modules should be considered in order to
eliminate the possibility of clogging of distribution pipelines and head pieces.
9.2.15 At the protected enterprise, a 100% reserve of components, modules (non rechargeable)
and powder for replacement should be provided in the system that protects the biggest room or
zone. If several modules of different dimension types are used for one object, the reserve should
provide the restoration of operability of systems with every module dimension type. The reserve
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should be stored at the warehouse of the protected object or service organization. It is acceptable not
to have a reserve at the enterprise, if there is a system after-sales service agreement.
9.2.16 The calculation of quantity of modules required for fire-fighting should be performed
subject to providing even filling of the protected volume with fire-fighting powder or even
irrigation of the area according to recommended annex I. At the same time, dispersion diagrams,
stated in TD for a module, for the protected area (volume) and standardized fire rank according to
GOST R 51057-2001 corresponding to this area (volume) are considered.
9.2.17 Head pieces arrangement is performed according to TD for a module. If the height of the
protected room exceeds the maximum height of sprayers’ system, their arrangement is performed in
tiers in view of dispersion diagrams.
9.2.18 When using the system (if there is a justification in the project), reservation can be used.
At the same time, total quantity of modules is doubled, in comparison with calculated number, and a
two-stage launch of modules is performed. For activation of the second stage, it is acceptable to use
remote control in accordance with the system operation algorithm applied in the project.
9.3 Requirements to the protected premises
9.3.1 The premises equipped with powder fire-fighting systems should contain signs indicating
the presence of systems inside them. In front of entrances to the premises (except for the premises
listed in p. 9.1.6 of the current Code of practices) equipped with PFS (powder fire-fighting systems)
according to GOST 12.3.046, an alarm should be provided in accordance with GOST 12.4.009 and
p. 12.4.3 of the current document.
9.3.2 The leakage level of the premises during volumetric fire-fighting should not exceed the
values stated in the module certificate (the value of the coefficient k4, I.3.1.1 annex I, should be
stated in the certificate as well), in case of absence of such data, the leakage level is applied in
accordance with p. 9.2.8, and calculation of k4 is performed according to I.3.1.1 annex I.
9.3.3 Measures for elimination of unreasonable openings and against self-opening of doors
should be taken in the premises where the fire extinguishing of the whole protected level is
provided.
9.3.4 After the finishing of system operation, general ventilation should be used for removal of
combustion products and powder, which are in the air. For this purpose, it is acceptable to use
mobile ventilation systems. Settled powder is removed with the help of a vacuum cleaner or moist
mopping.
9.4 Safety requirements
9.4.1 Designing of systems should be performed in accordance with safety requirements stated in
GOST 12.1.019, GOST 12.3.046, GOST 12.2.003, GOST 12.4.009, GOST 12.1.005, GOST
28130, [3], [11].
9.4.2 Manual remote and local system start devices should be sealed, except for manual start
devices located in the premises of fire stations.
9.4.3 The system should provide the delay of powder release for a time necessary for evacuation
of people from the protected premises, shutting-down of ventilation (conditioning, etc.), closing of
shutters (fire valves, etc.), but not less than 10 s from the moment of activation of evacuation
warning devices in the premises (except for the premises according to 9.1.7).
10 Aerosol fire-fighting systems
10.1 Application domain
10.1.1 Automatic aerosol fire-fighting systems (AAFS) are used for extinguishing (liquidation)
of fires of А2 subclass and B class according to GOST 27331 using volumetric method in the
premises with volume of under 10,000 m3, height of not more than 10 m and with the leakage
parameter not exceeding the value stated in table E.12 annex E.
At the same time, in such premises, it is acceptable to have combustible material, the burning of
which corresponds to fires of the A1 class according to GOST 27331, in quantities, for fire
extinguishing of which can be performed with the help of standard manual equipment regulated by
42
GOST R 51057-2001 and [13].
10.1.2 In the premises of A and B categories of fire and explosion risk according to [10] and in
dangerously explosive zones according to [7], it is acceptable to use generators of a fire-fighting
aerosol (hereafter referred to as - generators or GFA), including GFAs of remote aerosol supply
with corresponding pipelines and membranes, which have a certificate of equipment explosion
proofness issued in due order, and which have necessary level of explosion proofness or level of
protection of coating of generator’s electrical parts.
At the same time, constructive arrangement of the GFA at the moment of its activation should
eliminate the possibility of inflammation of explosive mixture, which can be located in the
protected premises, and that should be proved by corresponding tests according to methods
approved in due order.
10.1.3 During the design of systems, measures should be taken in order to eliminate the
possibility of occurrence of inflammations due to GFAs used in the protected premises and
dangerously explosive zones according to [7].
10.1.4 It is acceptable to use systems for protection of cable constructions (half storey, collectors,
shafts) with volume under 3000 m3 and height of not more than 10 m, with the value of the leakage
parameter not exceeding 0.001 m-1 and subject to the absence of automatic re-activation devices in
power supply networks of the protected construction.
10.1.5 The use of systems for fire extinguishing in the premises with cables, electricity
generating units and electrical equipment under voltage is acceptable subject to the value of voltage
does not exceed the maximum acceptable value stated in technical documentation (TD) for a certain
type of GFA.
10.1.6 Volumetric aerosol fire-fighting systems do not provide complete stopping of burning (fire
extinguishing) and should not be used for fire extinguishing of:
a) fibrous, friable, cellular and other combustible materials predisposed to spontaneous
inflammation and (or) smoldering inside the layer (volume) of the substance (sawdust, cotton, grass
meal, etc.);
b) chemical agents and their mixtures, polymeric materials predisposed to smoldering and
burning in absence of air;
c) hydrides of metals and pyrophoric substances;
d) metal powders (sodium, potassium, magnesium, titanium, etc.).
10.1.7 According to the decision of the AAFS customer, the use of substances and materials
stated in 10.1.6 of the current Code of practices for fire localization does not eliminate the necessity
of equipping of the premises, where these substances are located or used, with fire-fighting systems
stipulated by corresponding regulations and rules, departmental lists, other current normative
documents approved and introduced in due order.
10.1.8 It is forbidden to these systems:
a) in the premises that can not be left by people prior to activation of the facility;
b) in the premises with a big number of people (50 people and more).
c) in the premises of buildings and constructions of the fire resistance III or lower according to
[8] and [14] of systems using generators of a fire-fighting aerosol with temperature of over 400°С
out of the zone 150 mm distant from exterior surface of the generator and also from pipelines of
remote aerosol supply.
10.2 Designing
10.2.1 GFAs should be located in the protected premises. It is acceptable to use GFAs of remote
fire-fighting aerosol supply, which represent devices with pipelines connected to them, as well as
with safety membranes (valves), in order to get and supply fire-fighting aerosol with designated
parameters into the protected premises. GFAs of remote supply should be in concordance with
GOST R 53284 and can be located it the protected room or in close proximity to it.
10.2.2 Systems should have automatic and remote activation. GFA activation should be
performed with the help of electric start according to the algorithm defined in accordance with
annex J. In systems’ configuration, it is forbidden to use generators with combined start.
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Local start of systems is unacceptable.
10.2.3 AAFS includes:
a) fire detectors;
b) equipment and devices for control and operation of systems and their elements;
c) devices providing power supply of systems and their elements;
d) fire alarm trails, as well as electric circuits of supply, management and control of the system
and its elements;
e) fire-fighting aerosol generators of various types;
f) devices forming and sending command impulses for shutting down systems of ventilation,
conditioning, air heating and manufacturing equipment in the protected premises, for closing of fire
valves, shutters of ventilation skips, etc.;
g) devices for blocking the automatic start of the system with indication of blocking condition
when opening doors of the protected premises;
h) devices of audio and light alarm and alerting about system activation and the presence of a
fire-fighting aerosol in the premises.
10.2.4 Source data for calculation and designing of AAFS are:
- geometrics of the room (architecture of the room, length, width and height of enclosures, room
volume);
- ceiling construction and infrastructure arrangement;
- area of permanently open openings in enclosures and their arrangement;
- maximum safe pressure in the protected room defined in view of requirements of paragraph 6
of GOST 12.3.047;
- the range of temperature, pressure and humidity in the protected room where system
component parts are located;
- the list and fire hazard values of substances and materials, which are present in the protected
room, and the fire class according to GOST 27331 that corresponds to them;
- type, value and scheme of the fire load;
- the presence and description of ventilation, air conditioning and air heating systems;
- description of manufacturing equipment;
- the premises category according to [10] and zone classes according to [7];
- the presence of people and their escape routes.
a) purpose of the premises and fire resistance level of enclosing constructions of the building
(construction);
b) geometrics of the premises (volume, area of enclosures, height);
c) the presence and area of constantly open openings and their distribution along the height of
the premises;
d) the presence and characteristics of glazing;
e) the presence and characteristics of systems of ventilation, air conditioning, air heating;
f) the list and fire hazard values of substances and materials according to GOST 12.1.044, which
are present or used in the protected premises, and the fire class according to GOST 27331 that
corresponds to them;
g) value, nature, and scheme of distribution of the fire load;
h) arrangement and characteristics of manufacturing equipment;
i) the premises category according to [10] and zone classes according to [7];
j) operating temperature, pressure and humidity in the protected premises;
k) the presence of people and the possibility of their evacuation prior to system start;
l) standard fire-fighting capacity of selected types of generators, including generators of remote
fire-fighting aerosol supply (defined according to GOST R 53284, the maximum value of standard
fire-fighting capacity in relation to fire-hazardous substances and materials, which are located in the
protected premises, is accepted for calculation), other characteristics of generators (hightemperature zones, response time, time of supply and operation time);
m) maximum safe pressure and temperature in the protected premises (subject to durability of
building constructions, or equipment located in the premises) according to requirements of
44
paragraph 6 of GOST R 12.3.047.
10.2.5 Methodology of system calculation is presented in mandatory annex J of the current Code
of practices.
10.2.6 The placement of generators in the protected premises, as well as of generators of remote
aerosol supply, should eliminate the possibility of occurrence of effects of high-temperature zones
of each generator:
a) zones with temperature over 75°С – on personnel present in the protected premises or having
access to this room (in case of unauthorized or false activation of the generator);
b) zones with temperature over 200°С – on combustible substances and materials that are stored
and used in the protected premises, and also on combustible equipment;
c) zones with temperature over 400°С – on other equipment.
Data on areas of dangerous high-temperature zones of generators should be taken from GFA
technical documentation.
10.2.7 Corresponding construction measures (protective screen, enclosures, etc.) should be
taken, if necessary, in order to eliminate the possibility of contact of personnel in the premises, and
also of combustible materials and equipment with dangerous high-temperature zones of GFAs. The
construction of protecting enclosure of generators should be included into project documentation for
this system and should be implemented in view of recommendations of used generators’
manufacturer.
10.2.8 Arrangement of generators in the premises should provide specified supply intensity,
aerosol fire-fighting capacity of not less than standard, and even filling of the protected premises
volume with a fire-fighting aerosol, considering requirements stated in 10.2.6 and 10.3.2. At the
same time, it is acceptable to locate generators in tiers.
Generators should be arranged in such way so that to eliminate ingress of aerosol stream into the
fold of constantly open openings in enclosures of the premises.
10.2.9 The system should provide the delay of fire-fighting aerosol release into the protected
premises for a time necessary for evacuation of people after injection of audio and light signals
about generators’ activation, and also for complete stopping of ventilation equipment, closing of air
shutters, fire valves, etc., but not less than 10 s.
10.2.10 Generators, including GFAs of remote aerosol supply and their pipelines, should be
placed on the surface of enclosures, on bearings, columns, special frames, etc. made of
incombustible materials, or special boards (brackets) made of incombustible materials for securing
generators and pipelines should be provided in view of safety requirements stated in technical
documentation for a certain type of generators.
10.2.11 Arrangement of generators should provide the possibility of visual control of integrity of
their body, clamps for connection of chains of generators’ start, and the possibility of replacement of
defective generator with a new one.
10.2.12 Pipelines of generators of remote fire-fighting aerosol supply should be grounded
(neutrally grounded). The sign and the place of grounding should be in accordance with GOST
21130.
10.3 Requirements to the protected premises
10.3.1 The premises equipped with automatic aerosol fire-fighting systems should contain signs
indicating the presence of systems inside them. Near the entrances to the premises, an alarm should
be provided in accordance with GOST 12.4.009.
10.3.2 The premises equipped with systems should be pressurized if possible. Measures against
self-opening of doors due to excess pressure defined in accordance with annex K of the current
Code of practices.
10.3.3 Air gates or fire valves within fire compartments should be provided in systems of air duct
of general ventilation, air heating and air conditioning of the protected premises.
10.3.4 In case of fire, prior to system activation, it is important to provide shutting-down of
systems of ventilation, air heating, conditioning, smoke removal and air pressurization in the
protected premises, as well as closing of air shutters or fire valves. At the same time, the time of
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their complete closure should not exceed 10 s.
10.3.5 General ventilation of buildings should be used for aerosol removal after finish of system
operation. For this purpose, it is acceptable to use mobile ventilation units.
10.4 Safety requirements
10.4.1 When designing systems, it is important to consider and to comply with safety
requirements stated in technical documentations for generators and other elements of the system,
GOST 2.601, GOST 12.0.001, [7], of the current Code of practices, other current NTDs approved
in due order.
10.4.2 In systems’ projects, as well as in operational documents, certain measures should be
provided in order to eliminate accident start of fire-fighting systems and influence of hazardous
factors of generator operation on personnel (fire-fighting aerosol toxicity, high temperature of
aerosol streams and generator body, traumatizing of people during their movement in conditions of
complete loss of visibility).
10.4.3 Places, where systems’ tests and repair works take place, should be equipped with
warning signs with sense meanings «Caution! Other hazards» according to GOST 12.4.026 and
with a verbal instruction «Test are taking place!» or «Repair», and should also be equipped with
safety instructions and rules.
10.4.4 After the fire-fighting aerosol release into the premises until the moment of finishing
ventilation, it is permitted to enter the premises only in isolating respiratory protective equipment
specified in technical documentation for generators after the finish of system operation.
10.4.5 Before commissioning, the system should undergo the running-in for at least 1 month. At
the same time, all cases of activation of fire alarms or control of automatic system start should be
recorded with the help of an automatic registration device or in a special log book by duty personnel
(on round-the-clock duty), with further analysis of reasons. If there are no false activations or other
faults during this period of time, the system is transferred into automatic operation mode. If faults
continue to appear during the stated period, the system should be re-adjusted and checked.
10.4.6 During complex check-ups, system operability tests should be performed by measuring
signals taken from control points of main functional units of detectors and secondary devices
according to schemes stated in TD. At the same time, simulators of fire-fighting aerosol generators,
which electrical characteristics should comply with characteristics of generator start devices, can be
used as the load at the start line.
10.4.7 Commissioning of the assembled system is performed according to results of complex
check-up and running-in; at the same time, the conclusion (act) of the committee defining technical
condition, operability and the possibility of its maintenance should be composed. Representatives of
object’s administration, organizations, which wrote requirements specifications, implemented the
project, performed the assembly of the system, should be included into the committee.
11 Self-contained fire-fighting systems
11.1 Self-contained fire-fighting systems are divided according to the type of a fire-fighting
substance (FFS) into water, foam, gas, powder, aerosol, and fire-fighting systems with Therma-FFS
and combined.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
11.2 Self-contained fire-fighting systems can be used for protection of individual fire-hazardous
sectors according to paragraph 8 of annex A.
11.3 Designing of self-contained systems is performed in accordance with the design directive
developed by the design organization for protection of standard objects.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
11.4 Requirements to the FFS reserve for a self-contained fire-fighting system should be in
46
compliance with requirements to the FFS reserve for an automatic fire-fighting system of modular
type, except for the self-contained fire-fighting systems with thermally-activated microencapsulated
FFS.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
11.5 Project documentation should contain information about the composition of the selfcontained fire-fighting system and arrangement of its elements, algorithm of operation, FFS type,
calculated FFS value and reserve, measures for providing safety of people in case of system
activation, actions taken in order to remove FFS from the protected object after system activation.
Besides, logistics measures providing control of technical condition of the self-contained system
should be defined in project documentation.
11.6 It is recommended to use self-contained fire-fighting systems for protection of electric
machinery in accordance with technical specifications of electrical equipment.
(Introduced additionally, Rev. No. 1)
12 Fire-fighting systems control equipment
12.1 General requirements to fire-fighting systems control equipment
12.1.1 Fire-fighting systems control equipment should provide:
a) creation of a command for automatic start of the fire-fighting system in case of activation of
two and more fire detectors, and as for water and foam fire-fighting system, it is acceptable to
create a command on the basis of two pressure alarms. The activation of pressure alarms should be
performed according to the OR circuit;
b) automatic switching of power-supply circuit from the main power supply input to a reserve
one in case of disappearance of pressure at the main power supply input, with subsequent switching
to the main power supply input after its voltage recovery;
c) the possibility of shutting-down and recovery of automatic system start mode (for water and
foam fire-fighting system, besides – for fire pumps and dosing pumps);
d) automatic control of:
junction lines between control and indicating equipment of the fire alarm and control devices
meant for dispatching a command about automatic system start (for water and foam fire-fighting
system, besides – for fire pumps and dosing pumps) concerning ruptures and short circuits;
junction lines of light and audio alarms concerning ruptures and short circuits;
junction lines of remote start of the fire-fighting system concerning ruptures and short circuits;
e) monitoring of light and audio signalization (by a signal), including alarms;
f) automatic or local shutting-down of the audio signalization, while keeping the light
signalization active;
g) automatic activation of the audio signalization when getting the next fire signal from the fire
alarm system;
h) creation of a command to control manufacturing equipment and engineering systems of the
object (if necessary);
i) creation of a command to shut-down ventilation (if necessary);
j) creation of a command to activate the warning system (if necessary).
12.1.2 Devices of shutting-down and recovery of automatic system start mode should be located
in the premises of the duty station or in any other room with duty personnel on round-the-clock
duty.
Devices of recovery of automatic system start can be located near the entrances to the protected
premises, if there is a protection from unauthorized access.
12.2 General requirements to alarms
12.2.1 In the premises of the fire station or in any other room with duty personnel on round-the47
clock duty, the following should be provided:
a) light and audio alarm:
- about the occurrence of fire (with deciphering according to directions or the premises in case of
using fire alarm address systems);
- about the activation of a device (with deciphering according to directions or the premises);
b) light alarm:
- about the presence of voltage at the main and reserve inputs of power supply;
- about the shutting-down of audio fire alarm (when there is no automatic recovery of the alarm);
- about the shutting-down of audio fault alarm (when there is no automatic recovery of the
alarm).
When installing fire alarm control devices in the premises without round-the-clock duty,
dispatching of all required signals about system operation (“Start in directions”, etc.) should be
provided in the premises with round-the-clock duty.
12.2.2 Audio fire signal should be of different tonality or sound character, in comparison to the
signal about faults or system activation.
12.3 Water and foam fire-fighting systems.
Requirements to control equipment. Requirements to alarms
12.3.1 Apart from general requirements, water and foam fire-fighting systems control equipment
should provide:
a) automatic start of working pumps (fire and dosing pumps);
b) automatic start of reserve pumps (fire and dosing pump) in case of failure of working pumps
or inability to switch to active mode within specified period of time;
c) automatic start of electro-drives of lock valves;
d) automatic start and shutting-down of the drain pump, jockey-pump;
e) local and remote, if necessary, start and shutting-down of pumps (except for sprinkler
systems);
f) automatic or local control of equipment of compensation of fire-fighting substance or
compressed air leakage from pipelines and hydro-pneumatic containers;
g) automatic control:
of junction lines of locking devices with electro-drive concerning ruptures;
of junction lines of devices registering the activation of control units, which create a command
for automatic activation of fire pumps and dosing pumps, concerning ruptures and short circuits;
h) automatic control of alarm level in the reservoir, in the drainage pit, in the container with
foaming agent if stored separately;
i) automatic control of pressure in the hydropneumatic tank;
j) time delay for launching the fire-fighting system (if necessary).
12.3.2 In volumetric foam fire-fighting systems for the protected premises with possible
presence of people, it is necessary to provide devices of switching of automatic system start to a
remote one, with sending light and audio signals about the shutting-down of automatic start to the
premises of the fire station.
12.3.3 In the premises of the pumping station, the following devices should be located:
of local start and stop of pumps (it is acceptable to perform the activation and stopping of fire
pumps the premises of the duty station);
of local start and stop of a compressor.
12.3.4 In the premises protected with volumetric foam fire-fighting, and near their entries, an
alarm according to GOST 12.4.009 and GOST R 12.3.046 should be provided. The adjacent
premises that have exits only through the protected premises should be equipped with similar alarm.
Light fire alarms should provide contrast perception in a daylight and artificial lighting, and should
be imperceptible when switched off.
Near the entrances to the protected premises, light alarms about the automatic system start
switching-off should be provided.
48
12.3.5 In the premises of the fire station or any other premises with personnel on round-the-clock
duty, the following should be provided, apart from general requirements:
a) light and audio alarm:
about the activation of pumps;
about the start of system operation, specifying directions of the fire-fighting substance supply.
N o t e – It is recommended to send a short-time audio signal:
- about the shutting-down of automatic pumps and system start;
- about system faults according to 12.1.1, d), 12.3.1, g), i), disappearance of voltage at the main
and reserve inputs of power supply of the system, about incomplete closing of shutters of locking
devices with electro-drive in the mode of sending a command for their opening, failures of circuits
of locking devices electric control, about the lowering of acceptable water level and air pressure
(audio signal general);
- about the alarm level in the fire reservoir, container with foaming agent, drainage pit (general
signal);
b) light alarm about the position of shutters with electro-drive («Opened», «Closed»), installed at
supply and feeding pipelines.
12.3.6 In the premises of the pumping station, light alarm should be provided:
a) about the presence of voltage at main and reserve inputs of power supply;
b) about the switching-off of automatic start of fire pumps, dosing pumps, drain pumps;
c) about the faultiness of electric circuits of devices, which register the activation of control units
and send a command for activation of the system and of locking devices (with deciphering
according to directions);
d) about the faultiness of electric circuits of control of locking device shutters in the mode of
sending a command for their opening (with deciphering according to directions);
e) about the absence of complete opening of shutters of locking devices with electro-drive in the
mode of sending a command for their opening (with deciphering according to directions);
f) about the alarm level in the fire reservoir, container with foaming agent, drainage pit (general
signal).
If electro-shutters are installed not in the premises of the fire station, then signals stated in
paragraphs d) and e) of the current section are send according to the place of installation of electroshutters.
12.3.7 It is necessary to provide light indicators of places for installment of coupling heads for
mobile fire equipment connection. These light indicators should switch on automatically when firefighting systems are fire alarms are activated.
12.4 Gas and powder fire-fighting systems. Requirements to control equipment. Requirements
to alarms
12.4.1 Apart from general requirements, gas and powder fire-fighting systems control equipment
(hereafter referred to as - systems) should provide:
a) remote system start (near the entrances of the protected premises; in the premises of the fire
station allowed as well);
b) automatic control of:
junction lines of control of starting devices and circuits of starting devices concerning ruptures;
pressure in starting tanks and incentive pipeline for automatic gas fire-fighting systems;
c) in case of automatic and remote start, the delay of the fire-fighting substance release (after
sending light and audio fire alert signals) for a time necessary for evacuation of people, shuttingdown of ventilation equipment, closing of air shutters, fire valves, etc., but not less than 10 s. Time
necessary for evacuation from the protected premises should be defined according to GOST
12.1.004;
d) switching-off of automatic system start in case of opening of doors of the protected premises,
indicating the disabled condition.
N o t e – Automatic switching-off of remote start should be performed under the condition of
49
possible uncontrolled presence of people in the protected zone.
12.4.2 Remote system start devices should be located near the evacuation exits outside the
protected premises. These devices should be protected according to GOST 12.4.009.
It is acceptable to locate devices of remote start in the premises of the fire station or other
premises with personnel on round-the-clock duty.
12.4.3 In the protected premises, devices, which send signals for switching-off of system
automatic start, should be provided for doors in case of their opening.
It is acceptable not to equip the premises with the volume of not more than 100 m 3, where people
are not present constantly (are visited periodically when the production need arises) and the fire
load does not exceed 1000 MJ/m2, with devices of switch-off of automatic start of powder firefighting systems, and also not to equip electric equipment cabinets, cable constructions.
Automatic launch recovery devices protected from unauthorized access can be located near the
entrance to the protected premises.
If open openings (without doors) are present in the premises, it is acceptable to switch off the
automatic start from the premises with round-the-clock duty, or manually using devices located near
the protected premises.
12.4.4 In the premises protected with automatic gas or powder fire-fighting, and near their
entries, an alarm according to GOST 12.4.009 and GOST R 12.3.046 should be provided. The
adjacent premises that have exits only through the protected premises should be equipped with
similar alarm. At the same time, light fire alarms should provide contrast perception in a daylight
and artificial lighting, and should be imperceptible when switched off.
Near the entrances to the protected premises, light alarms of the automatic system start
switching-off should be provided.
12.4.5 In the premises of the fire station or in any other room with duty personnel on round-theclock duty, the following should be provided:
a) light and audio alarms about the faultiness of the system according to 12.1.1, d) and 12.3.6, b);
about the drop of pressure in incentive pipelines and starting tanks to the minimum safe value stated
in technical documentation for AGFS; the disappearance of voltage at main and reserve power
supply inputs (audio signal general);
b) light alarm about the switching-off of automatic start (with deciphering according to the
protected directions or premises).
12.4.6 In the premises of the fire-fighting station, it is necessary to provide visual indication
about the drop of pressure in incentive pipelines and starting tanks.
12.5 Aerosol fire-fighting systems.
Requirements to control equipment. Requirements to alarms
12.5.1 Apart from general requirements, aerosol fire-fighting systems control equipment
(hereafter referred to as - systems) should provide:
a) remote system start (near the entrances of the protected premises; in the premises of the fire
station allowed as well);
b) automatic control of junction lines of control of starting devices and circuits of starting
devices concerning ruptures;
c) in case of automatic and remote start, the delay of the fire-fighting substance release for a time
necessary for evacuation of people, shutting-down of ventilation equipment, conditioning systems,
closing of air shutters, fire valves, etc., after sending light and audio fire alert signals, but not less
than 10 s. Time necessary for evacuation from the protected premises should be defined according
to GOST 12.1.004 or other normative documents concerning fire safety;
d) switching-off of automatic system start in case of opening of doors of the protected premises,
with indication of the disabled condition.
12.5.2 Remote system start devices should be located near the evacuation exits outside the
protected premises. These devices should be protected according to GOST 12.4.009.
It is acceptable to locate devices of remote start in the premises of the fire station or other
50
premises with personnel on round-the-clock duty.
12.5.3 In the protected premises, devices, which send signals for switching-off of system
automatic start, should be provided for doors in case of their opening.
Devices of switching-off and recovery of automatic start should be located in the premises of the
fire station or other premises with personnel on round-the-clock duty.
Automatic launch recovery devices protected from unauthorized access can be located near the
entrance to the protected premises.
12.5.4 In the premises protected with automatic aerosol fire-fighting systems, and near their
entries, an alarm according to GOST 12.4.009 and GOST R 12.3.046 should be provided.
The adjacent premises that have exits only through the protected premises should be equipped
with similar alarm. Light fire alarms should provide contrast perception in a daylight and artificial
lighting, and should be imperceptible when switched off.
Near the entrances to the protected premises, light alarms about the automatic system start
switching-off should be provided.
12.5.5 Apart from general requirements, in the premises of the fire station or in any other room
with duty personnel on round-the-clock duty, the following should be provided:
a) light and audio alarms about the faultiness of the system according to 12.1.1, d) and 12.4.6, b),
about the disappearance of voltage at main and reserve power supply inputs (audio signal general);
b) about the switching-off of automatic start (with deciphering according to the protected
premises).
N o t e – In case of using smoke fire detectors for object protection, along with automatic aerosol
fire-fighting system it is necessary to provide certain measures in order to eliminate false activation
of these detectors in the premises where there is a possibility of ingress of aerosol products from
activated fire-fighting aerosol generators.
12.6 Finely sprayed water fire-fighting systems. Control equipment requirements. Alarm
requirements.
12.6.1 Apart from general requirements, control equipment of automatic finely-sprayed water
fire-fighting systems (hereafter - systems) should provide:
a) remote activation of the system (near the entrances of the protected premises);
b) automatic control of junction lines of management of starting devices and chains of starting
devices, what concerns disconnection;
12.6.2 Devices of systems’ remote activation should be located near evacuation exits outside the
protected premises. Aforementioned devices should be protected in accordance with GOST
12.4.009.
It is acceptable to locate devices of remote start in the premises of the fire station or other
premises where the personnel is on round-the-clock duty.
12.6.3 In the premises of the fire station or other premises where the personnel is on round-theclock duty, the following should be provided:
a) light and audio alarm of system faults according to paragraphs 12.1.1, d) and 12.6.1, b) about
the disappearance of pressure at the main and backup power supply lead-ins (audio signal is
general);
b) light alarm about the deactivation of automatic launch (with deciphering according to the
protected premises).
13 Fire alarm system
13.1 General provisions for selecting types of fire detectors for the protected object
13.1.1 It is recommended to select a type of a smoke fire detector in accordance with its
sensitivity to different types of fumes.
13.1.2 Flame fire detectors are to be used if it is anticipated that open flame or overheated
surfaces (as a rule, over 600°С) will appear in control zone at the initial stage of fire, as well as in
case of flammeous burning when the height of the room exceeds extreme values for application of
smoke or heat detectors, as well as by high rate of fire development, when time of fire detection by
51
other detectors does not permit to execute tasks of people and material value protection.
13.1.3 Colour response of a detector must correspond to the emission spectrum of combustible
material flame located in the zone of detector control.
13.1.4 Heat fire detectors shall be used if it is anticipated that heat release will occur at the initial
stage of fire and usage of other detectors is not possible because of the factors leading to their
activation in absence of fire.
13.1.5 Differential and maximal-differential heat fire detectors shall be used for detection of fire
seat, if no temperature gradient non-related to the fire development is expected in a control zone
which can cause activation of fire detectors of these types.
Maximal heat fire detectors are no recommended to be used in the rooms where air temperature
in the course of fire may not reach operation temperature of fire detectors or will reach it in
unacceptably large time.
13.1.6 While choosing heat fire detectors it is necessary to take into consideration that operation
temperature of maximal and maximal differential detectors shall exceed maximum permissible air
temperature in the room for not less than 20°С.
13.1.7 Gas fire detectors are recommended to be used if it is anticipated that particular type of
gas will appear in control zone at the initial stage of fire in concentrations which can cause
activation of detectors. Gas fire detectors shouldn’t be used in rooms where gases in concentrations
causing activation of detectors can occur in absence of fire.
13.1.8 If the major factor of fire in the control zone is not determined it is recommended to use a
combination of fire detectors reacting to different fire factors or combined fire detectors.
N o t e – The major factor of fire is a factor which is detected at the initial stage of fire in a
minimal time.
13.1.9 The total value of time for fire detection by fire detectors and estimated time of
evacuation shall not exceed the maximum permissible values of the onset of the hazards factors of
fire.
13.1.10 Selection of types of fire detectors depending on function and type of protected premises
as well as fire load is recommended to do in accordance with Annex М.
13.1.11 Smoke detectors shall be used in accordance with requirements of this Code of practice,
other regulations on fire safety as well as technological documents for specific types of detectors.
Design of detectors shall ensure their safety in relation to the environment in accordance with the
requirements [7].
Type and parameters of detectors shall ensure their resistance to climatic, mechanical,
electromagnetic, optical, radiation and other environmental factors on detectors locations.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
13.1.12 Smoke fire detectors powered by fire loop and having built-in sound alarm are
recommended to be applied for a prompt, local warning and determination of fire location in the
premises where the following conditions are implemented simultaneously:
Major factor fire is the appearance of smoke;
People can be present in protected premises.
These detectors should be incorporated into a single fire alarm system with alarm messages
output on fire receiving and controlling device located in the duty room.
Notes:
1 It is recommended to use these detectors in hotels, treatment facilities, exposition museum
halls, art galleries, reference halls, trade premises and computation centers.
2 Implementation of these detectors doesn’t exclude requirement for equipment of a building
with alarming system in accordance with [15].
13.2 Requirements for organization of fire alarm control zone
13.2.1 It is permitted to equip a control zone with one fire loop and fire detectors (one pipe for
52
air sampling when aspiration detector is used) without address, if this zone includes:
premises located on no more than two interconnected floors with a total floor surface of not more
than 300 m2;
up to ten isolated and adjacent areas with the total space not exceeding 1600 m2, located on one
floor of the building with isolated areas having access to a common hallway, lounge, lobby, etc.;
up to twenty isolated and adjacent areas with the total space not exceeding 1600 m2, located on
one floor, with isolated areas having access to a common hallway, lounge, lobby, etc., in presence
of remote light alarm warning of activation of fire detectors at the entrance in controlled room;
Non-targeted fire loops should connect the premises in accordance with their division into
protection zones. In addition, fire loops should connect the premises so that the time required to
detect fire seat by duty personnel upon semi-automatic management does not exceed the one fifth of
time, after which safe evacuation of people and extinguish the fire. If the specified time exceeds the
given value, control should be automatic.
Maximum number of conventional smoke detectors powered on fire loop should ensure
registration of all alerts specified in the applicable receiving and controlling device.
13.2.2 Maximum number and area of the premises protected by the same address line of
addressable fire detectors or addressable devices is determined by the technical capabilities of
receiving and controlling equipment, technical specifications of detectors connected into the line of
detectors and does not depend on the location of premises in the building
Addressable fire alarm loops together with addressable fire detectors may include addressable
input/output devices, addressable control modules of conventional loops with included unaddressed
fire detectors, short circuit separators, addressable actuators. Possibility of inclusion of addressable
devices and their number to the addressable loop is determined by the technical specifications of the
equipment listed in the manufacturer's technical documentation.
Address lines of receiving and controlling equipment may include addressable security detectors
or unaddressed security detectors through the addressable devices, provided that necessary
operation algorithms of fire and security systems are ensured.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
13.2.3 Distance between radio channel devices and the receiving-controlling device is defined in
accordance with manufacturer's data provided in the technical documentation and confirmed in due
course.
13.3 Arrangement of fire detectors
13.3.1 Number of automatic fire detectors is determined by the necessity to detect fires in a
controlled area of the premises or premises zones, and the amount of flame detectors – by the
controlled area of the equipment.
13.3.2 Each protected area should be equipped with at least two smoke detectors connected in
accordance with the logic scheme "OR".
N o t e - In the case the aspiration detector is used, unless expressly specified, you must start
with the following provision: one air inlet should be considered as a single point (unaddressed) fire
detector. At the same time the detector must generate a fault signal in case of deviation of air flow
in the suction pipe for 20% of its initial value set as the working parameter.
13.3.3 It is permitted to install an automatic fire detector in the protected area or selected parts of
the premises provided that both the following conditions are fulfilled:
а) premises area should not exceed the area protected by the fir detectors specified in the
technical documentation on it, and should not exceed average area indicated in Tables 13.3-13.6;
b) provides automatic control of the detector performance under the impact of environmental
factors, confirming the performance of its functions, and forms a notice of serviceability (fault) on
the receiving-controlling unit;
c) identification of a faulty detector is provided with a light display and the possibility of its
53
replacement by the duty personnel at the scheduled time, as determined in accordance with Annex
О;
g) by activation of a detector a signal is not generated to control fire extinguishing systems or
fire alarm systems of type 5 in accordance with [15], as well as other systems, a false operation of
which may lead to unacceptable losses or reduce the security of people.
13.3.4 Point fire detectors should be installed under the ceiling.
If it is impossible to install detectors directly on the ceiling, you can install them on the ropes, as
well as walls, columns and other load-bearing building structures.
When installing point detectors on the walls they should be placed at a distance of not less than
0.5 m from the corner and away from the ceiling in accordance with Annex P.
The distance from the top of the ceiling to the detector in place of its installation, and depending
on the room height and shape of the ceiling can be determined in accordance with Annex P or at
other heights, if the detection time is sufficient for the task of fire protection in accordance with
GOST 12.1.004, which must be confirmed by calculation.
When detectors are mounted on the cable, it is necessary to ensure their steady position and
orientation in space.
When aspirating detectors are used, it is allowed to install air-intake snorkel, both horizontally
and vertically.
When placing fire detectors at a height of more than 6 m, it is necessary to determine a way of
access to the detectors for maintenance and repair.
13.3.5 In the rooms with steep roofs, such as diagonal, gabled, hipped, tented, serrate, having a
slope of more than 10 degrees, some detectors are installed in the vertical plane of the roof ridge or
in the highest part of the building.
The area protected by a detector installed in the upper parts of the roof is increased by 20%.
N o t e - If a ceiling plane has a different slopes, the detectors are mounted near the surfaces with
smaller slopes.
13.3.6 Placement of point heat and smoke fire detectors should be made with account of air flow
in the protected room, caused by inlet and/or exhaust ventilation, a distance between the detector
and the vent must be at least 1 m. If the aspirating detectors are used, distance from the air intake
snorkel with holes to the vent is regulated by the air flow permissible for this type of a detector in
accordance with detector technological documents.
Horizontal and vertical distance from the detectors to nearby objects and devices, to electrical
lamps in any case shall not be less than 0.5 m. Placement of fire detectors shall be executed in such
a way as to nearby objects and devices (pipes, ducts, equipment etc.) do not interfere with the
affecting of fire factors on the detectors, and sources of optical radiation, electromagnetic
interference does not affect the detector survivability.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
13.3.7 Distances between detectors, as well as between a wall and detectors specified in the
Tables 13.3 and 13.5, can be changed in the area ranges given in the Tables 13.3 and 13.5.
13.3.8 Point smoke and heat fire detectors shall be installed in each ceiling compartment with
width of 0.75 m and more limited by engineering structures (beams, girders, arris of a slab etc.),
protruding from the ceiling at a distance of more than 0.4 m.
If the engineering structures protruding from the ceiling at a distance of more than 0.4 m, and
they form compartment with width less than 0.75 m, the area controlled by fire detectors specified
in Tables 13.3 and 13.5 shall be reduced by 40%.
Subject to the existence of protrusions on the ceiling from 0.08 to 0.4 m, the area controlled by
fire detectors specified in Tables 13.3 and 13.5 shall be reduced by 25%.
The maximum distance between detectors along the beam line is determined in accordance with
tables 13.3 and 13.5, taking into account p.13.3.10.
54
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
13.3.9 Point and linear heat and smoke fire detectors, as well as aspirating detectors shall be
placed in each carrel created by the piles of materials, racks, equipment and building constructions,
upper edges of which are spaced from the ceiling for 0.6 m or less.
13.3.10 When installing point smoke detectors in the rooms with a width less than 3 m or under a
raised floor or above dropped ceilings and in other spaces with a height of less than 1.7 m it is
permitted to increase distances between the detectors specified in Table 13.3 1.5-folds.
13.3.11 When installing fire detectors under raised floors, above dropped ceilings and in other
places inaccessible for viewing it is necessary to provide possibility to determine the location of the
activated detector (for example, they should be targeted or addressable, that is to have the device
address, or to be connected to self-loops or must have a remote optical indication, etc.). The
construction of raised floors and dropped ceilings overlaps should provide access to the fire
detectors for their maintenance.
13.3.12 Smoke detectors should be installed in accordance with the requirements of technical
documentation for detectors of specific types.
13.3.13 In the places where there is a risk of mechanical damage to the detector it is necessary to
provide protective structure, not violating its working capacity and effectiveness of ignition
detection.
13.3.14 In case of installation different types of fire detectors in a control zone, their placement
is done in accordance with the requirements of current standards for each type of a detector.
13.3.15 If the prevailing factor of fire is not defined, it is permissable to install a combined fire
detectors (smoke - heat) or a combination of smoke and heat fire detector. In that case the detectors
are placed in accordance with Table 13.5.
If smoke is a predominant factor of fire, the detectors are placed in accordance with Table 13.3
or 13.6.
When determining a number of detectors a combined detector is treated as a single detector.
13.3.16 The detectors installed on the ceiling, can be used to protect the space below the
perforated dropped ceilings, if the following conditions are fulfilled simultaneously:
perforation has a periodic structure and its area exceeds 40% of the surface;
minimum size of each perforation in any section is not less than 10 mm;
dropped ceiling thickness exceeds minimal perforation cell size no more than 3 times.
If at least one of these requirements is not fulfilled, the detectors must be installed on dropped
ceilings in the main room, and in case of necessity to protect the space behind the suspended
ceiling, additional detectors should be installed on the main ceiling.
13.3.17 The detectors must be oriented in such a way that the indicators were directed as far as
possible toward the door leading to the exit from the room.
13.3.18 Placement and use of fire detectors, the usage order of which is not defined in the
present set of rules must be implemented in accordance with the recommendations agreed as
appropriate.
13.4. Point smoke fire detectors
13.4.1 The area controlled by one point smoke detector, as well as the maximum distance
between the detectors, the detector and the wall, except as otherwise provided in 13.3.7, should be
determined according to Table 13.3, but not exceeding values specified in the technical
specifications and data sheets for detectors of specific types.
Table 13.3
Height of protected room,
m
Average area controlled by one
detector, m2
Up to 3.5
Over 3.5 to 6.0
Up to 85
Up to 70
55
Distance, m
From detector
Between detectors
to the wall
9.0
4.5
8.5
4.0
Over 6.0 to 10.0
Over10.0 to 12.0
Up to 65
Up to 55
8.0
7.5
4.0
3.5
13.5 Linear smoke fire detectors
15.5.1 The emitter and receiver (transceiver and reflector) of the linear smoke detector should be
installed on walls, dividers, columns and other structures to ensure their rigid attachment, so that
their optical axis runs at a distance of not less than 0.1 m and not more than 0.6 m above the ceiling.
N o t e – It is permissible to locate the detectors lower as 0.6 meters from the ceiling, if the
detection times is sufficient to accomplish tasks of fire protection, that should be confirm with a
calculation.
15.5.2 The emitter and receiver (transceiver and reflector) of the linear smoke detector should be
placed so that different objects do not fall within a detection zone of the detector by its exploitation.
The minimum and maximum distance between the transmitter and receiver or the detector and the
reflector is determined by the technical documentation for specific types of detectors.
13.5.3 When the protected area is controlled by two or more linear smoke fire detectors in rooms
with the height up to 12 m, maximum distance between the parallel optical axes must be less than
9.0 m, and between the optical axis and the wall - no more than 4.5 m.
13.5.4 In areas with the height of over 12 m and up to 21 m the linear detectors should generally
be installed at two levels in accordance with Table 13.4, where:
the first layer of detectors should be located at a distance of 1.5-2 m from the top level of fire
load, but not less than 4 m from the plane of the floor;
the second layer of the detectors should be located at a distance of not more than 0.8 m above the
ceiling.
Table 13.4
Height of protected
room, m
Height of detector location,
Level
m
1
Above. 12.0 up to 21.0
2
Maximal distance, m
From optical axis
Between optical
of LSFD to the
axes of LSFD
wall
1.5-2 from the level of fire
load, not less than 4 from
the plane of floor
No more than 0.8 from the
ceiling
9.0
4.5
9.0
4.5
13.5.5 The detectors should be installed in such a way that the minimum distance from their
optical axes to the walls and surrounding objects was not less than 0.5 m.
In addition, the minimum distance between their optical axes, from the optical axes to the walls
and surrounding objects must be installed in accordance with the requirements of technical
documentation in order to avoid mutual interference.
13.6 Point heat fire detectors
13.6.1 The area controlled by a single point heat fire detector, as well as the maximum distance
between the detectors, the detector and the wall, except as otherwise provided in paragraph 13.3.7,
should be determined in accordance with the Table 13.5, but not exceeding values specified in the
technical specifications and data sheets on detectors.
Table 13.5
Maximal distance, m
Average area controlled by
Height of protected room, m
From the detector to
one detector, m2
Between detectors
the wall
Up to 3.5
Up to 25
5.0
2.5
56
Above 3.5 to 6.0
Above 6.0 to 9.0
Up to 20
Up to 15
4.5
4.0
2.0
2.0
13.6.2 Heat fire detectors should be place with account of exclusion of heat impacts not related
to fire.
13.7 Linear heat fire detectors
13.7.1 The sensory element of linear and multi-point heat fire detectors is located under the
ceiling or in a direct contact with the fire load.
13.7.2 When installing detectors of non-cumulative action under the ceiling, the distance
between the axes of sensory element of a detector must comply with the requirements of Table 13.5.
The distance from the sensory element of the detector to the ceiling must be at least 25 mm.
In case of rack storage of materials it is permitted to lay the sensory element on top of the levels
and racks.
Sensory elements of the detectors of cumulative action are placed in accordance with the
recommendations of the manufacturer of the detector, agreed with the authorized organization.
13.8 Flame detectors
13.8.1 Flame detectors should be installed on the ceilings, walls and other structures of buildings
and constructions, as well as on the process equipment. If at the initial stage of a fire smoke can
occur, the distance from the detector to the ceiling must be at least 0.8 m.
13.8.2 Flame detectors should be placed with the account of exclusion of possible effects of
optical interference.
Pulse detectors should not be used if the combustion surface area of a fire seat may exceed the
area of the zone controlled by the detector within 3 seconds.
13.8.3 Control zone should be controlled by at least two detectors connected into a coincidence
circuit, and the location of detectors should ensure control of the protected surface, generally from
opposite directions.
It is permitted to use a single fire detector in the control zone, if the detector can simultaneously
control the whole zone and the conditions of Clause 13.3.3 b), c) and d) are fulfilled.
13.8.4 Area of the room or equipment controlled by the flame detector should be determined
from viewing angle of the detector, sensitivity according to GOST R 53325, as well as sensitivity to
the flame of the specific combustible material specified in the technical documentation for a
detector.
13.9 Air-sampling smoke fire detectors
13.9.1 Air-sampling smoke fire detectors (ASFD) should be placed in accordance with Table
13.6 depending on the sensitivity class.
Table 13.6
Sensitivity class of airMaximum distance
Maximum distance from
sampling detector in Installation height of air
between air inlet ducts, air inlet ducts to the wall,
accordance with GOST
intake snorkel, m
m
m
R 53325
Class С, standard
8
9.0
4.5
sensitivity
Class В, increased
15
9.0
4.5
sensitivity
Class А, high
21
9.0
4.5
sensitivity
Air-sampling detectors of A and B Classes are recommended for protection of large open spaces
and buildings with a ceiling height of more than 8 m: in the atriums, production halls, warehouses,
sales halls, passenger terminals, gyms and stadiums, circuses, in the exposition halls of museums,
57
art galleries, etc., as well as for protection of rooms with high concentration of electronic
equipment: servers, PABXs, data processing centers.
58
13.9.2 It is permitted to incorporate air intake snorkels of air-sampling detectors into the building
structures or finishing details of the interior, while maintaining access to the air inlet ducts. Airsampling detector can be placed behind the suspended ceiling (under raised floor) with air inlet
through additional capillary tubes of variable length, running through dropped ceiling / raised floor
with the release of the air inlet duct to the main space of the room. It is permitted to use ducts in the
snorkel (including through the use of capillary tubes) to monitor the presence of smoke both in the
main and in the emanated space (behind suspended ceiling / raised floor). If necessary it is
permitted to use capillary tubes with a hole at the end to protect the hard-t0-reach places, as well as
air samples from inside the machines, tools, racks, etc.
13.9.3 The maximum length of the air intake snorkel, as well as the maximum amount of air inlet
ducts are defined by specifications of the air-sampling detector.
13.9.4 When installing snorkels of air-sampling fire detectors in the room with a width less than
3 m or under a raised floor, or above dropped ceilings and in other spaces with the height less than
1.7 m distance distances between the air intake snorkels and the wall specified in the Table 13.6 can
be increased 1.5-folds.
13.10 Gas fire detectors
13.10.1 Gas Detectors should be installed in accordance with Table 13.3, and in accordance with
the instruction manual of the detector and the manufacturer's recommendations, agreed with the
authorized organizations (those with permission for activity type).
13.11 Stand-alone fire detectors
13.11.1 When used in apartments and dormitories stand-alone smoke detectors should be
installed singly in each room if the room area does not exceed the area controlled by a fire detector
in accordance with the requirements of this Code of practice.
Stand-alone smoke detectors are usually installed on horizontal ceiling.
Stand-alone smoke detectors should not be installed in areas with low air exchange (in the
corners of rooms and upon doorways).
It is recommended to coalesce stand-alone detectors with a function of joint activation into a
network with an apartment, floor or building
13.12 Flow fire detectors
13.12.1 Flow fire detectors are used for detection of fire factors as a result of analysis of the
medium, spreading through the ventilation channels of exhaust ventilation.
The detectors should be installed in accordance with the instruction manual and the
manufacturer's recommendations, agreed with the authorized organizations (those with permission
for activity type).
13.13 Manual fire detectors
13.13.1 Manual fire detectors should be installed on walls and structures at a height of (1,5 ± 0,1)
m from ground or floor level to the control element (lever, button, etc.).
13.13.2 Manual fire detectors should be installed in places remote from the electromagnets,
permanent magnets and other devices, the impact of which can cause spontaneous activation of
manual fire detector (requirement applies to manual fire detectors, which activate upon switch of
magnetically controlled contact), at a distance:
no more than 50 m from each other inside the buildings;
no more than 150 m from each other outside of buildings;
not less than 0.75 m from the other control elements and objects impeding free access to the
detector.
13.13.3 Illumination in the place of installation of a manual fire detector should be not less
normative for these types of premises.
59
13.14 Control and indicating units, control units. Equipment and its placement. Duty room.
13.14.1 Control and indicating units, control units and other equipment should be used in
accordance with requirements of state standards and technical documentation with account of
climatic, mechanical, electromagnetic and other impacts in the place of their location, as well as
upon presence of corresponding certificates.
N o t e - Automated workplace (AWP)-based on computing devices, used as a control and
indicating and/or control unit shall meet the requirements of section and have the appropriate
certificate.
13.14.2 Control and indicating units, control units and other equipment operating in the facilities
and systems of fire automatics should be resistant to electromagnetic interference with the degree of
hardness not lower than the second according to GOST R 53325.
13.14.3 Control and indicating units with the function of detector management should provide
automatic control of lines of communication with remote detectors for continuity and short circuit.
13.14.4 Information capacity of control and indicating units designed for use with conventional
fire detectors (when the number of loops is 10 and more) must be at least 10%.
13.14.5 Control and indicating units and control units, as a rule, should be installed in the rooms
with around the clock presence of duty personnel. In justified cases these devices are permitted to
be installed in the rooms without a staff on a twenty-four-hour service, ensuring separate
transmission of notices about the fire, malfunction, state of facilities in the room with the staff on a
twenty-four-hour service, and providing control of message transmission channels. In this case the
room where the equipment is installed shall be equipped with burglar and fire alarms and protected
from unauthorized access.
13.14.6 Control and indicating units and control units must be installed on walls, partitions and
constructions made of noncombustible materials. This equipment can be installed on structures
made of combustible materials, provided that they are protected with a steel plate with a minimum
thickness of 1 mm or other non-combustible list material with thickness not less than 10 mm. At the
same sheet should extend beyond the contour of the equipment installed for not less as 0.1 m.
13.14.7 The distance from the top of control and indicating unit and control unit to the ceiling
made of combustible materials shall not be less than 1 m.
13.14.8 Distance between several neighbouring control and indicating units and control units
should be not less than 50 mm.
13.14.9 Control and indicating units and control units should be placed so that the height from
floor level to the operational control elements and equipment indication meets the requirements of
ergonomics.
13.14.10 Fire post or duty room for personnel on twenty-four-hour service should be placed
generally on the first or ground floor. This room can be located above the first floor, with the exit
leading into the lobby or hallway adjacent to the stairwell with a direct exit to the outside of the
building.
13.14.11 Distance from the door of the fire post or duty room to the stairwell leading outside the
building shall not exceed, as a rule, 25 m.
13.14.12 Fire post room or duty room should have the following characteristics:
Area generally not less than 15 m2;
temperatures ranging from -18 ° C to 25 ° C with relative humidity less than 80%;
availability of natural and artificial lighting as well as emergency lighting, which must comply
with [9];
room illumination;
under natural light not less than 100 lux;
from fluorescent lamps not less than 150 lux;
from incandescent lamps not less than 100 lux;
with emergency lighting not less than 50 lux;
presence of a natural or artificial ventilation, according to [6]
60
availability of telephone service with the fire department of an object or community.
Accumulator batteries of power back up should not be installed in these rooms, with the
exception of hermetically sealed batteries.
13.14.13 In the duty room emergency lighting should be switched on automatically in case of
main light shutdown.
13.15 Fire loops. Interconnecting and feed lines of automatic fire fighting systems
13.15.1 Both wire and wireless communication channels can be used as fire loops and
interconnecting communication lines.
13.15.2 Wire and wireless fire loops as well as wire and wireless interconnecting lines should
performed on the condition required to ensure the reliability of information transfer and continuous
automated monitoring of proper operation on the entire length.
13.15.3 Choice of electric wires and cables, methods of their plotting in order to organize loops
and interconnecting lines of a fire alarm system must be done in accordance with the requirements
of GOST R 53315, GOST R 53325, [7], the requirements of this section and the technical
documentation for devices and equipment of the fire alarm systems.
13.15.4 Electrical wire fire loops and interconnecting lines must be done with individual wires
and cables with copper conductors.
Electrical wire fire loops, as a rule, should be done with communication conductors, if the
technical documentation for control and indicating devices doesn’t provided for the use of special
types of wires or cables.
13.15.5 It is permissible to use leased lines in the absence of automatic control of fire protection
means.
13.15.6 Optical connectors and nonelectric (pneumatic, hydraulic, etc.) lines are preferably used
in areas with significant electromagnetic effects.
13.15.7 Fire resistance of wires and cables connected to different components of automatic fire
fighting system should be no less than the task-performance time by these components for the
specific place of installation.
Fire resistance of wires and cables is provided by selecting the type and methods of their
installation.
13.15.8 In cases if a fire alarm system is not designed to control the automatic fire extinguishing
units, alerting systems, smoke exhaust systems and other fire safety engineering systems,
interconnecting lines performed with telephone cables containing copper conductors of integrated
communication network can be used with to connect the fire loops of radial type with voltage up to
60 V to the control-indicating devices, subject to the assignment of communication channels.
Assigned free pairs from distributing frame to termination boxes used for assembling fire loops
should be generally placed in groups within each termination box and should be marked in red ink.
13.15.9 Interconnecting lines done with telephone and control cables meeting the requirements
of p. 13.15.7 should have at least 10% reserve stock of cable conductors and terminal post of
termination boxes.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
13.15.10 Fire loops of radial type should be connected to control and indicating units with the
help of junction boxes and distributing frames. It is permitted to connect fire loops directly to the
fire devices, if information capacity of these devices does not exceed 20 loops.
13.15.11 Fire loops of ring type should be performed with individual wires and communication
cables, the beginning and the end of a ring loop being connected to the corresponding terminal posts
of a control and indicating unit.
13.15.12 Diameter of copper conductors of wires and cables should be determined on the basis
of the permissible voltage loss, but not less as 0.5 mm.
13.15.13 Electric power lines of control and indicating units and control units, as well as
interconnecting lines for automatic fire extinguishing units, smoke exhaust systems and alerting
61
systems should be performed with individual wires and cables. These lines should not be installed
in transit thought explosion dangerous and fire dangerous rooms (zones). In justified cases these
lines can be installed thought fire dangerous rooms (zones) in the void spaces of building structures
of K0 class or fire-resistant wires and cables.
13.15.14 Joint installation of fire loops and interconnecting lines of fire alarm systems with
voltage up to 60 V with voltage lines of 110 V or more in a single box, pipe, wiring, a closed
channel of building structures or on the same tray is not allowed.
Joint installation of these lines is permitted in different compartments of boxes and trays having
solid longitudinal walls with fire-resistance rating 0.25 h of incombustible material.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
13.15.15 In case of parallel open installation, distance between wires and cables of fire alarm
systems with a voltage of 60 V to power and lighting cables shall be at least 0.5 m.
It is permitted to install these cables and wires at a distance less than 0.5 m to power and lighting
cables provided that there is protection against electromagnetic blasts.
Distance to cables and wires of loops and interconnecting lines of fire alarm systems without
protection from blasts to single lighting wires and control cables may be reduced to 0.25 m.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
13.15.16 In rooms and zones of rooms, where the electromagnetic fields and interference can
cause malfunction, electric wire loops and interconnecting lines of fire alarm system shall be
protected from interference.
13.15.17 If it is necessary to protect cables and interconnecting lines of fire alarm system from
electromagnetic interference a "twisted pair", shielded or unshielded wires and cables, installed in
metal pipes, boxes, etc should be used. Shielding elements must be properly grounded.
13.15.18 External wiring of fire alarm systems should be, as a rule, installed in the ground or in
sewers.
If this method of installation is not possible, it is permitted to install them on the external walls
of buildings, under eaves, on the ropes or supports outside between buildings outside streets and
roads in accordance with the requirements of [7] and [16]
13.15.19 The main and reserve power cable lines of fire alarm systems should be installed on
different routes, eliminating the possibility of their simultaneous failure in case of fire at the
controlled object. Laying of these lines, as a rule, should be performed on different cable
constructions.
Parallel installation of these lines on the walls of the premises is permitted when the distance
between them in the light is not less than 1 m.
Joint installation of these cables is permitted provided that at least one of these cables is installed
in a box (tube) made of noncombustible materials with fire-resistance of 0.75 hours.
13.15.20 Fire loops are divided into sections with the help of junction boxes if necessary.
In the absence of visual control of the availability of power on the fire detectors, included into
radial fire loop, it is recommended to have a device at the end of the loop providing visual
monitoring of its condition (eg, a device with a flashing light signal).
In the absence of such control it is reasonable to provide for a switching device, which should be
installed in an accessible place and at an accessible height at the end of the loop for connection of
such control units.
13.15.21 In managing the automatic fire extinguishing units radio channel communication lines
should ensure the necessary reliability of information transmission.
14 Interrelation of fire alarm systems with other systems and engineering equipment
14.1 Generation of signals for automatic control of alert systems, smoke exhaust systems or
engineering equipment should be performed in a time not exceeding the difference between the
62
minimum value of time for blocking escape routes and evacuation time after the fire alarm.
Generation of signals for control of automatic fire extinguishing systems should be performed in
a time not exceeding the difference between the critical time of fire seat development and delayed
action of fire extinguishing units, but no more than is necessary for the safe evacuation.
Generation of signals for automatic control of fire extinguishing or smoke exhaust systems, or
alert systems, or engineering equipment should be perfomed in case of activation of at least two fire
detectors connected in coincidence circuit.
In that case detectors should be placed at the distance not exceeding half of the normative
distance defined in accordance with Tables 13.3-13.6 respectively.
N o t e - Distance not more than half of the normative distance defined in accordance with the
tables 13.3-13.6 is taken between detectors located along the walls, as well as along the length or
width of the room (X or Y). The distance from the detector to the wall is determined in accordance
with the tables 13.3-13.6 without reduction.
14.2 Generation of control signals for alert systems of types 1, 2, 3, 4 in [15], smoke protection
equipment, general ventilation and conditioning, engineering equipment taking part in ensuring the
object as well as command generation for power outage of consumers interconnected with fire
automatic systems is permitted upon activation of one fire detector meeting the requirements
introduced in annex P. In this case, at least two detectors connected to the logic "OR" circuit in the
premise (part of the premise). Detectors shall be installed at a distance of no more than standard.
When applying detectors meeting the requirements p.13.3.3 a), b), c) as well, it is allowed to
install one fire detector in the premise (part of the premise).
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
14.3 To generate control command in accordance with 14.1 in the protected room or protected
zone there should be not less than:
three smoke detectors when connected into the loops of two-threshold devices or in three
separate radial loops of one-threshold devices;
four smoke detectors when connected into two loops of one-threshold devices by two detectors
in each loop;
two smoke detectors complying to the requirement 13.3.3 (a, b, c) included in coincidence circuit
upon the condition of timely replacement of a faulty detector;
two smoke detectors connected in a mix gate fashion if a higher reliability of fire alarm signal is
provided to the detectors.
N o t e – One-threshold device is a device generating a Fire signal upon activation of one fire
detector in a loop. Two-threshold device is a device generating Fire 1 signal upon activation of one
fire detector and Fire 2 signal upon activation of the second fire detector in the same loop.
14.4 In the room with non-stop stay of duty personnel trouble reports on inspection and control
tools installed outside of the premises as well as lines of communication, inspection and control of
the technical means of fire warning and evacuation, smoke protection, automatic fire suppression
and other installations and fire protection devices shall be output.
Project documentation must define recipient of fire notification to ensure the task execution in
accordance with section 17.
At sites of functional danger class F 1.1 and F 4.1 fire notification shall be sent to fire-fighting
units using a duly reserved radio channel or other communication lines on an automatic basis
without the participation of the site staff and of any organizations that broadcast these signals. It is
recommended to use technical means resistible to the effects of electromagnetic noise which is not
below the 3rd degree of hardness according to GOST R 53325-2009.
In the case of absence of on-site twenty-four-hour alert personnel, fire notification must be
submitted to fire-fighting units using a duly reserved radio channel or other communication lines on
an automatic basis.
63
At other sites, if technically possible, it is recommended to override the fire notifications of
automatic fire-alarm system in fire-fighting units using a duly reserved radio channel or other
communication lines on an automatic basis.
Thereat measures should be provided to increase the reliability of the fire notification, for
example, sending notices “Caution”, “Fire” etc.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
14.5 Smoke exhaust system should be launched from smoke or gas fire detectors, which includes
the case when sprinkler fire extinguishing system is used at the object.
Smoke exhaust system should be launched from smoke fire detectors:
if activation time of automatic sprinkler fire-extinguishing system exceeds time required for
activation of smoke exhaust system and safe evacuation;
if the extinguishing agent (water) of automatic sprinkler fire-extinguishing system impedes
evacuation.
In other cases, smoke exhaust system can be switched from a sprinkler fire-extinguishing system.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
14.06 Simultaneous work of automatic fire extinguishing systems (gas, powder and aerosol) and
smoke protection systems in protected rooms is not permitted.
15 Electric power supply of fire alarm systems and fire extinguishing units
15.1 In terms of reliability of power supply fire fighting systems should be classified as category
I under the Electrical Installation Regulations, except for motor compressors, drainage and foaming
agent booster pumps belonging to the category III of electric power supply, as well as cases
specified in p. 15.3, 15.4.
Power supply of fire fighting systems of buildings of functional danger class F 1.1 with non-stop
presence of people shall be provided by three independent mutually reserving power sources, standalone generators should be used as one of them.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
15.2 Power consumers are powered in accordance with [7] with account of requirements 15.3,
15.4.
15.3 If there is one source of electrical power (at the facilities of power supply reliability of
category III) batteries or UPS may be used as a backup power source for power consumers referred
to in 15.1, which should provide power to these power consumers in the standby mode for 24 hours
plus 1 hour of operation of fire automatics system in the alarm mode.
N o t e – It is permitted to limit time of backup source operation in alarm mode to 1.3 of time for
performance of tasks by fire automatics system.
When a battery is used as a power source it is necessary to provide battery charging mode.
15.4 In the absence of local conditions to exercise power for power consumers referred to in 15.1
from two independent sources is allowed to exercise their power from a single source - from twotransformer substation transformers of different or of two nearby substations one-transformer
connected to different feeding lines laid out by different routes with automatic changeover, usually
on the low voltage side.
15.5 The location of the automatic changeover to a centralized power consumers of inputs
automatic extinguishing systems and fire alarm systems or decentralized power consumers have I
power supply reliability is determined by the relative position and the conditions for the laying feed
lines to remote power consumers.
15.6 For power consumers of automatic fire extinguishing systems of I category of power supply
64
with the included automatically Technology Reserve (if you have one working and one standby
pump), the automatic changeover is required.
15.7 In the units of water and foam fire fighting it is permitted to use diesel power plants as a
backup power source.
15.8 In the case of power of power consumers of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm
system from a backup entry is permitted if necessary to provide power to these power consumers by
shutting down the facility for power consumers of Category II and III of power supply.
15.9 The protection of electrical circuits, automatic extinguishing systems and fire alarm systems
must be performed in accordance with [7].
Heat is not allowed to device maximum protection and control circuits in the automatic fire
extinguishing, off which can lead to denial supply of extinguishing agent to the fire.
15.10 When using the battery as a power source it is necessary to provide battery charging mode.
16 Protective earthling and grounding. Safety requirements.
16.1 Elements of electrical equipment of automatic fire-extinguishing and fire alarm system must
meet the requirements of GOST 12.2.007.0 by the method of protection from electric shock.
16.2 Protective earth (grounding) of electrical equipment of fire automatics should be performed
in accordance with the requirements of [7], [16], GOST 12.1.030 and technical documentation of
the manufacturer.
N o t e – Electrical technical means of fire automatics belonging to one system but located in
different buildings and constructions not belonging to the general earth loop should have galvanic
isolation.
16.3 Units of local start-up of automatic extinguishing systems must be protected against
accidental access and sealed, except for units of local start-up, installed in the premises of the
station fire or fire stations.
16.4 When used for protection of various objects radioisotope Smoke detectors should be
observed radiation safety requirements set out in [18], [19].
17 General provisions to be considered at choosing technical means of fire automatics
17.1 In choosing a type of fire detectors, control and indicating devices and control units it is
necessary to be guided by the objectives, which are designed to perform automatic fire fighting
system as an integral part of fire safety facility in accordance with GOST 12.1.004:
a) To ensure fire safety;
b) to ensure fire safety of property;
c) to ensure fire safety of people and property.
17.2 Technical means of fire detection and control signal generation should form the control
signals:
a) to include warning and evacuation control - over time, ensuring the evacuation of persons
before the limits of fire hazards;
b) to include fire-fighting equipment - for the time at which fire can be extinguished (or
localized);
c) for inclusion of smoke protection - for the time at which the passage of people to escape
routes before the limits of fire hazards;
g) for control of technological devices involved in the work of fire protection systems, for the
time specified by the technological regulations.
17.3 Means of fire automatics must have the parameters and performance to ensure safe and
normal operation conditions of exposure of their placement.
17.4 Means, whose reliability is in the range of external influences can not be determined, should
have automatic working capacity monitoring.
N o t e – Technical means with automatic working capacity control are technical means having
control of components constituting not less as 80% of technical mean failure rate.
65
Annex А
(mandatory)
List of buildings, constructions, rooms and equipment subject to protection with automatic
fire extinguishing units and automatic fire alarm system
General provisions
А.1 This code establishes the basic requirements of fire safety, regulating the protection of
buildings, structures, premises and equipment at all stages of their development and operation of
automatic fire extinguishing (AFE) and automatic fire alarm (AFA) systems*.
______________________________
* - Hereinafter – automatic units.
Along with this set of rules it is necessary to be guided by standards set by the Federal law dated
27.12.2002 No. 184-FZ "On technical regulation" and the regulations on fire safety as provided in
Article 4 of Federal Law dated 22.07.2008 No. 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on requirements for
fire security " and duly approved.
А.2 Building in the present set of rules means the whole building or part of the building (fire
compartments), isolated by fire walls and fire floors of type 1.
Floor space ratio in section III of this Annex shall be understood as the area of the building or
structure detached by walling related to fire barriers with fire endurance: partitions - no less than 45
EI, walls and ceilings - at least REI 45. For buildings and structures, which do not consist of parts
(premises) detached by walling with specified fire endurance, regulatory measure of floor space in
section III of this Annex shall be understood as the area allocated by enclosing parts of the building
or structure.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
Space area in the Section III of this list refers to the part og building or structure, isolated with
frame structures, covered by fire barriers with a fire-resistance rating: partitions - at least EI 45,
walls and ceilings - at least REI 45.
А.3 Type unattended fire, a way of fighting, the type of extinguishing agents, the type of fire
equipment automation is determined by the designing organization depending on the technology,
design and space-planning features of the protected buildings and facilities to meet the requirements
of this list. Buildings and facilities listed in paragraphs 3, 6.1, 7, 9, 10 and 13 in Table 1, paragraphs
14-19, 26-29, 32-38 in Table 3, upon application of automatic fire alarm system should be equipped
with smoke fire detectors.
А.4 In the buildings and contractures mentioned in this list must it is necessary be protected by
appropriate automatic units all premises regardless of the area, apart from the premises:
- With wet processes (showers, toilets, refrigerated chambers, room cleaning, etc.);
- Ventilation chamber (air intake and exhaust are not serving the manufacturing premises of
category A or B), pumping water, boiler rooms and other engineering equipment for the building in
which there are no flammable materials;
- Category A and B4 for fire hazards;
- Stairwells.
А.5 5 If the area of the premises, subject to automatic fire extinguishing system equipment is
40% or more of the total area of floors a building, structure, equipment should include a building or
structure in the whole of automatic fire extinguishing systems, with the exception of premises listed
in paragraph 4.
А.6 Category of buildings and premises is determined in accordance with the regulations for fire
safety approved in the prescribed manner.
А.7 Protection of external processing units with circulation explosive materials and substances
automatic settings fire detection and fire is determined by departmental regulations, coordination of
66
E and duly approved.
А.8 Buildings, structures and premises that are not included in this list shall be equipped with
automatic fire fighting installations, as well as stand-alone fire extinguishing systems in accordance
with the standards set by Federal law dated 27.12.2002 No. 184-FZ "On technical regulation" and
approved in the established manner.
А.9 The list of buildings and premises that it is reasonable to equip with the automatic fire alarm
system with transmission signal of a fire on radiotelecommunication system to a central site
communications unit responsible for fire protection facility shall be agreed in due course.
А.10 The list of buildings, structures, premises and equipment to be protected by automatic fire
extinguishing and automatic fire alarm is presented later in this document.
I Buildings
Table А.1
AFEU
AFAS
Standard indicator
Independently of
1 Warehouses of B category of fire hazard with storing
area and number of
on the racks with the height of 5.5 m and more
floors
2 Warehouses of В category of fire hazard with two or Independently of
more stores (except specified in the clause 1)
area
3 Buildings of archives of unique publications, reports, Independently of
manuscripts and other documents of special value
area
4 Buildings and constructions for automobiles
4.1 Gated parking lots
Independently of
4.1.1 Underground, ground-level parking lots with two
area and number of
stores and more
floors
4.1.2 Ground-level one-stored
Floor area of 7000 Floor area of less
4.1.2.1 Buildings of I, II, III fire-endurance ratings
sq.m. and more
than 7000 sq.m.
4.1.2.2 Buildings of IV fire-endurance rating of structural Floor area of 3600 Floor area of less
fire hazard class C0
sq.m. and more
than 3600 sq.m.
4.1.2.3 Buildings of IV fire-endurance rating of structural Floor area of 2000 Floor area of less
fire hazard class C1
sq.m. and more
than 2000 sq.m.
4.1.2.3 Buildings of IV fire-endurance rating of structural Floor area of 1000 Floor area of less
fire hazard class C2, C3
sq.m. and more
than 1000 sq.m.
Independently of
4.1.3 Buildings of mechanized parking lots
area and number of
floors
4.2 For technical maintenance and repair
In accordance with [19]
5 Buildings with a height of more than 30 meters (with
Independently of
exception of residential buildings and industrial buildings
area
of G and D category of fire hazard)1)
6 Residential buildings:
6.1 Residential halls, specialized residential buildings for
Independently of
elderly and disabled1)
area
Independently of
6.2 Residential halls with a height of more than 28 m2)
area
7 One-stored buildings from light metal constructions
with polymer combustible warmers:
7.1 for public use
800 m2 and more3) Less than 800 m2
Protected object
67
7.2 for administrative and household use
1200 m2 and more
Less than 1200 m2
Independently of
area and number of
floors
Independently of
area and number of
floors
200 m2 and more
Less than 200 m2
8 Buildings and constructions on grain processing and
storage
9 Buildings of public and administrative and household
purpose (except those specified in Section 11, 13)
10 Buildings of commercial facilities (with exception for
premises, specified in the Section 4 of these Regulations,
and rooms for storage and preparation to the sale of meat,
fish, fruits and vegetables (in incombustible package),
plates, incombustible construction materials):
10.1 One-stored (with exception of Section 13):
10.1.1 When trading hall and utility rooms are located at
the ground and basement floor
10.1.2 When trading hall and utility rooms are located in
the building superstructure
When area of a
When area of a
building exceeds building is less than
3500 m2 and more
3500 m2
10.2 Two-stored:
10.2.1 Gross floor area
3500 m2 and more Less than 3500 m2
10.2.2 When trading hall and utility rooms are located at Independently of
the ground and basement floors
trading area
Independently of
10.3 Three stored and more
trading area
10.4 Buildings of specialized trade companies for the
sale of flammable and combustible liquids (except for Independently of
packaged goods in containers with a volume not
area
exceeding 20 L)
11 Filling stations (including container type), as well as
According to GOST R «Filling stations.
tents, shops and stalls, the related
Fire safety requirements»
12 Religious buildings and facilities (production,
Independently of
warehouse and residential buildings are equipped with
area and number of
facilities for the requirements of the relevant paragraphs
floors
of this Code)
13 Building of exhibition halls:
13.1 One-stored (with exception of section 12)
1000 m2 and more Less than 1000 m2
Independently of
13.2 Two-stored and more
area
1) Along with AFAS room apartments and dormitories should be provided with stand-alone
optical-electronic smoke fire detectors
2) - Fire detectors of AFAS are installed in the hallways of apartments and are used to open the
valve and turn the fans air overpressure systems and smoke. Residential accommodation of
apartments in residential buildings three stores and more shall be equipped with self-contained
electro-optical smoke detectors.
3) - Here and further specified in Table A.1 the total floor area.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
68
II Constructions
Table А.2
AFEU
AFAS
Standard indicator
Independently of
area
Protected object
1 Cable structures1) of power stations
2 Cable structures of substations with voltage, kV:
Independently of
area
2.1 500 and more
Independently of
area
2.2 Less than 500
3 Cable structures of load-center substations with voltage
of 110 kV and transformer capacity:
Independently of
area
3.1 63 MVA and more
3.2 Less than 63 MVA
4 Cable structures of industrial and public structures
More than 100 m3
5 Combined tunnels of industrial and public buildings
upon installation of cables and wires with voltage of 220
V and more amounting:
5.1 With volume of more than 100 m3
12 items and more
5.2 With volume of 100 m3 and less
6 Cable tunnels and fully closed galleries (including
combined), installed between industrial buildings
7 City cable galleries and tunnels (including combined)
8 Cable constructions upon installation in them oil-filled
cables in metal pipes
9 Capacitive structures (tanks) for ground storage of With volume of
flammable and combustible liquids
5000 m3 and more
from 5 to 12 units.
5 and more units.
50 m3 and more
Independently of
area and volume
Independently of
area
Independently of
length
10 Private galleries, ramps for transporting of timber
11 Space behind suspended ceilings and under double
floor when installation in them ducts, pipes with
insulation made of materials of flammability class T1T4, as well as flame retardant cables (wires) having a fire
hazard PRGP1 code (according to [21]), including their
joint installation2):
11.1 Ducts, pipes or cables (wires) to the volume of the
combustible mass of cables (wires) 7 or more liters per
meter of cable line (CL), including their joint installation
11.2 Cables (wires) of НГ type with total volume of
combustible mass from 1.5 to 7 liters per CL
Independently of
area
100 m3 and less
Independently of
area and volume
Independently of
area and volume
According to the normative documents of
12 Motor transport tunnels
the Russian Federation, duly approved
1) - Cable structures in the present Code of Practice refer to the tunnels, canals, cellars, mines,
floors, double floors, galleries, chambers used for laying electric cables (including cooperation with
other utilities).
69
2) - 1 cable facilities, space behind suspended ceiling and under double floors are not equipped
with automatic units (with the exception of § § 1-3):
a) the laying of cables (wires) in the water-gas steel pipes or steel solid boxes with lids opened up
by the solid;
b) the laying of pipelines and air ducts with non-combustible insulation;
c) when installing single cables (wires)-type NG to power lighting circuits:
d) the laying of cables (wires) NY-type with a total volume of combustible mass less than 1.5
liters per 1 meter of the CR for suspended ceilings, made of materials of flammability NG and G1.
2 In case if the building (room) is to be protected by AUPT, space above suspended ceilings and
under double flooring when laying duct pipes with insulation made of materials of flammability T1T4, or cables (wires) to the volume of combustible matter cables (wires) of more than 7 liters per 1
meter of the CR should be protected by the following units. Moreover, if the height from floor to
ceiling or on the level of the subfloor to a level double floor does not exceed 0.4 m, AUPT is not
required.
3 The volume of the combustible mass insulation cables (wires) is determined by the method of
GOST R MEK 60332-3-22..
III Premises
Table А.3
AFEU
AFAS
Standard indicator
Protected object
Warehouses
1 Categories A and B of fire hazard (except premises
located in buildings and constructions for processing and
storage of grain)
2 For storage of rubber, celluloid and its products,
matches, alkali metals, pyrotechnics
3 For storage of storage of wool, fur and articles thereof;
photo, film, audio tapes on the basis of fuel
4 Category В1 of fire hazard (except those specified in
the Sections 2, 3 and premises located in the buildings
and structures for processing and storage of grain) when
they are located on the following stores:
300 m2 and more
Independently of
area
Independently of
area
Independently of
area
300 m2 and more
4.1 Semibasement and basement floors
4.2 Ground-level floors
5 categories В2-В3 of risk hazard (except those specified
in clauses 2, 3 and premises located in the buildings for
processing and storage of grain) when there are located
on the following floors:
5.1 Semibasement and basement floors
300 m2 and more
5.2 Ground-level floors
1000 m2 and more
Industrial premises
6 Categories A and B of fire and explosion hazard with
circuit of flammable and combustible liquids, liquefied
flammable gases, combustible dusts and fibers (except 300 m2 and more
those specified in clause 11 and rooms located in
buildings for processing and storage of grain)
7 With alkali metals when located on the floors:
7.1 Semibasement floor
300 m2 and more
7.2 Ground-level floors
500 m2 and more
70
Less than 300 m2
Less than 300 m2
Less than 300 m2
Less than 1000 m2
Less than 300 m2
Less than 300 m2
Less than 500 m2
8 Category В1 of fire hazard (except premises located in
the buildings and structures for processing and storage of
grain) when they are located on the following stores:
Independently of
area
8.1 semibasement and basement
8.2 ground-level floors (except those specified in clauses
300 m2 and more
11-18)
9 Category В2 - В3 of risk hazard (except those specified
in sections 10-18 premises located in the buildings and
structures for processing and storage of grain) when they
are located on the following stores:
9.1 Semibasement and basement:
9.1.1 Without exits directly outside
300 m2 and more
9.1.2 With exits directly outside
700 m2 and more
9.2 Ground-level
1000 m2 and more
Independently of
10 Oil cellars
area
11 Premises to prepare: suspensions of aluminum
powder, rubber adhesives, based on highly inflammable
and combustible liquids: varnishes, paints, glues,
Independently of
mastics, impregnating compositions; painting rooms, the
area
polymerization of synthetic rubber, compressor with
turbine engines, fire heaters oil. Premises with generators
powered by engines operating on liquid fuel.
12 The premises of high-test halls, rooms screened with Independently of
combustible materials
area
Communication premises
13 Ventilation, transformer premises, premises of
separating devices: transmitters with capacity 150 kW
and above, receiving stations with the number of
receivers from 20, fixed stations of space
communications with capacity exceeding 1 kW,
television repeater stations with capacity of 25-50 kW,
network nodes, long distance and local telephone
stations, cable stations, terminal amplifying stations and
regional communication centers
14 Maintenance-free and maintained without the evening
and night shifts: technical workshops of terminal Independently of
amplifying stations, intermediate relay stations,
area
transmitting and receiving radio stations.
15 Maintenance-free instrument rooms of base stations of
cellular mobile radio systems and instrument rooms of
24 m2 and more
relay stations of cellular mobile radio systems
16 Premises of the main cash offices, premises of
bureaus of translation control and zone computation
centers of post offices , city and regional nodes of postal
communication with total volume of buildings:
16.1 40 tsd. m3 and more
16.2 Less than 40 tsd. M3
17 ATS sites, where switching equipment of quasielectronic type is installed together with ECM, used as a
71
24 m2 and more
Less than 300 m2
Less than 300 m2
Less than 700 m2
Less than 1000 m2
Independently of
area
Less than 24 m2
Less than 24 m2
control complex, input-output devices, premises of
electronic switching stations, networks, document
electric communication centers with a capacity of:
17.1 10 tsd and more numbers, channels and connection
points
17.2 Less than 10 tsd numbers, channels and connection
points
18 Isolated premises of control devices based on ECM of
automatic long-distance exchange with capacity of:
18.1 10 tsd. international channels and more
18.2 Less than 10 tsd. Of international channels
Independently of
area
Independently of
area
24 m2 and more
Less than 24 m2
Independently of
area
19 Premises of processing, sorting, storage and delivery
of dispatches, correspondence, printed media and 500 m2 and more
Less than 500 m2
insurance correspondence
Transport premises
20 Railway premises: Electric, hardware, maintenance,
coach and wheel rooms, premises of disassembly and
assembly of coaches, repair, equipment, electric coaches,
preparation of coaches, diesel, rolling stock maintenance, Independently of
container depots, manufacturing switch products, heat
area
treatment tanks, heat treatment chamber wagons for
bitumen, sleeper impregnation, cylinder, impregnated
wood deposit
21 Surface and underground premises and structures of According to the normative documents of
underground and underground high-speed trams
the Russian Federation, duly approved
22 Premises of control tower with automatic system, Independently of
message commutation center, remote and inner locators
area
with markers
23 Premises for dissembling and assembling of aircraft Independently of
engines, propellers, landing gear and wheels for airplanes
area
and helicopters
Independently of
24 Premises of aircraft and engine repairing productions
area
25 Premises for storage of vehicles placed in the
buildings of other purposes (except for single-family
homes), when they are located:
25.1 on basement and underground floors (including Independently of
under the bridges)
area
When storing 3 and When storing less
25.2 on semibasement and ground-level floors1)
more vehicles
than 3 vehicles
Public premises
26 Premises for storage and distribution of unique
publications, reports, manuscripts and other documents Independently of
of special value (including the archives of operational
area
departments)
27 Premises and warehouses for storage of service
catalogs and inventories in libraries and archives with
general fund of storage:
Independently of
27.1 500 tsd. units and more
area
27.2 less than 500 tsd. Units
Independently of
72
28 Exposition halls2)
1000 m2 and more
Independently of
area
29 Premises for storage of museum values2)
30 In cultural and entertaining buildings:
30.1 In cinemas and clubs with seating capacity of more
than 700 places in presence of grates3)
30.2 In clubs with scene sizes, m: 12,5×7,5; 15×7,5;
18×9 and 21×12 with seating capacity up to 700 places3)
30.3 In clubs with scene sizes of 18×9; 21×12 with
seating capacity up to 700 places, with scenes of 18×12
and 21×15 independently of seating capacity and also in
theaters3), 4)
30.4 In concert and film and concert halls of
philarmonics with seating capacity of 800 places and
more
30.5 Warehouses for scenery, properties, carpentry
workshops, forage, inventory and household storage
rooms,
premises
for
storage
production
of
advertisements, facilities for production purposes and
stage maintenance, rooms for animals, attic dome space
above the auditorium.
31 Premises for storage of securities:
31.1 In banks
31.2 In pawnshops
32 Film studio floor
33 Rooms for storage of hand baggage (except equipped
with automatic cells) and storage of combustible
materials in buildings stations (including air terminals)
located on the floors:
33.1 semibasement and basement
33.2 ground level
34 Premises for storage of flammable materials or
incombustible materials in combustible containers when
they are located:
34.1 Under tribunes of any capacity in the indoor sports
facilities
34.2 In buildings of indoor sports facilities with a
capacity of 800 or more spectators
34.3 Under tribunes with capacity of 3000 and more
spectators in outdoor sport facilities
35 Premises for location:
35.1 Of computers (ECM) operating in the systems of
automatic process control system operating in complex
technological processes management, the violation of
which affect the safety of people5)
35.2 Communication computers (server), archives of
magnetic and paper medium, coordinate plotters, printing
of information on paper medium (printer) 5)
73
area
Less than 1000 m2
Independently of
area
Independently of
area
Independently of
area
Independently of
area
Independently of
area
According to [21]
Independently of
area
1000 m2 and more Less than 1000 m2
Independently of
area
300 m2 and more
Less than 300 m2
100 m2 and more
Less than 100 m2
100 m2 and more
Less than 100 m2
100 m2 and more
Less than 100 m2
Independently of
area
24 m2 and more
Less than 24 m2
35.3 for placement of personal computers on worktables
of users
36 Rooms of trading companies, integrated and
integrated-attached to the buildings of other purpose:
36.1 Basement and semibasement floors:
36.2 Ground-level floors
37 Premises of industrial and storage purposes, located in
research institutions and other public buildings
38 Premises of other administrative and public purpose,
including integrated and attached ones
1) When placing the cars in the exhibition and trade
AUPT in accordance with 28 and 36 of the table
Independently of
area
200 m2 and more
Less than 200 m2
2
500 m and more
Less than 500 m2
Are equipped in accordance with Table
А.3 of the present Code of practice
Independently of
area
halls these premises are equipped with
2) This requirement does not apply to premises used for temporary exhibitions (lobbies,
hallways, etc.) as well as to the premises, where valuables are stored in metal safes.
3) Drenchers are installed under the grate scene and back stage, under the lower tier of operation
galleries and interconnecting them with the lower movable ramps, in the safes of rolled up scenery
and in all scene openings, including openings of portal, pockets and back stage, as well as a part of
hold occupied with structures of incorporated equipment for scene and lifting devices.
4) Sprinkler units are installed: covering of the stage and back stage, all operation galleries and
catwalks, but lower, hold (except for incorporated scene equipment), pockets, scene, back stage, as
well as warehouses, storerooms, workshops, facilities and machine-volume sets, dust removal
chamber
5) In the cases provided in paragraph 8.15.1 of this Set of practice for premises requiring
equipment with automated gas-extinguishing installations is not permitted to use such equipment,
provided that all electronic and electrical equipment is protected by self-contained fireextinguishing installations, and premises have an automatic fire alarm.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
IV Equipment
Table А.4
AFEU
AFAS
Standard indicator
Independently of
1 Paint shops with flammable and combustible liquids
type
Independently of
2 Drying chambers
type
3 Collectors (hoppers) for collection of combustible Independently of
waste
type
4 Oil power transformers and reactors:
Independently of
4.1 with voltage of 500 kV and more
power
200 MWA and
4.2 with voltage of 220-330 kV and more, with capacity
more
4.3 with voltage of 110 kV and more installed near
63 MWA and more
hydroelectric power houses with unit capacity
4.4 with voltage of 110 kV and more installed in the 63 МWА and more
chambers of indoor substations of deep input and indoor
Protected object
74
distribution units of power stations and substations with
capacity of
5 Test stations of mobile power stations and units with
Independently of
diesel and petrol-electric generating set assembled on
area
trucks and trailers
6 Racks with height of more than 5.5 meters for storage
Independently of
of combustible and non-combustible materials in a
area
combustible pack
7 Oil containers for hardening
3 m3 and more
8 Electrical boards and electrical cabinets (including
distribution devices) located in the premises of Ф1.1.1)
Up to 0.1 m3
functional fire hazard
1)
The listed equipment is subject to protection with autonomous fire-fighting systems.
Notice: Electrical equipment located at the stationary ground and underground objects of the
metropolitan shall be protected by autonomous fire-fighting systems.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
75
Annex B
(mandatory)
Groups of premises (production and technological processes) in accordance with fire hazard grade
depending on their functional purpose and fire load of flammable materials
Group of
List of typical premises, production, technical processes
premises
1
Premises of archives, libraries, circuses, storage of flammable museum treasures,
storage facilities, museums and exhibitions, art galleries, concert halls and cinemas,
computer shops, buildings, offices, hotels, hospitals
2
Specific fire load MJ/m2 181-1400.
Premises of woodworking, textile, hosiery, textile haberdashery, tobacco, footwear,
leather, fur, pulp and paper and printing industries; paint, preservatives, paint, mixture,
degreasing, conservation and re-entry, cleaning parts with flammable and combustible
liquids, wool production, synthetic materials and film tools; garment industry
production with the use of rubber products, companies servicing cars, garages and
parking spaces in the category B
3
Premises for production of rubber products
4.1
Specific fire load 1401-2200 MJ/m2.
Premises for production of combustible natural and synthetic fibers, painting and
drying rooms, areas of open painting and drying, dye-, varnish-, glue preparation
production with flammable and combustible liquids, premises of B2 category
4.2
Specific fire load more than 2200 MJ/m2.
Machine rooms of compressor stations, stations of regeneration, hydration, extraction,
and other areas of production, processing flammable gases, gasoline, alcohols, ethers
and other flammable and combustible liquids, premises of B1 category
5
Warehouses of incombustible materials in flammable packing. Warehouses of nonflammable materials
6
Warehouses of solid flammable materials including rubber, general mechanical rubber
goods, latex and resin
7
Warehouses of varnishes, paints, flammable and combustible liquids
Notes:
1 Groups of buildings are defined by their functional purpose. In the cases where it is impossible to
pick up similar productions, the group should identify the category of the room.
2. Category of premises is determined depending on the specific fire load [10].
3 Parameters of units of water and foam fire extinguishing to warehouses that are built into the
building, premises of which belong to group 1, should be taken in the 2nd group of premises.
4 In the general case for the group two of premises discharge and the sprinkling intensity with water
or foam solution should be increased as compared with standard values given in Table 1 for a group
of prremises 2, not less than:
- With the specific fire load of more than 1,400 MJ/m2 - 1.5 times;
- With the specific fire load of more than 2,200 MJ/m2 - 2.5 times.
76
Annex C
(recommended)
Methods of calculating AFEU in case of superficial fire extinguishing with water and low
expansion foam
C.1 Algorithm of calculating AFEU parameters by superficial fire extinguishing with water and
low expansion foam
C.1.1 Type of fire extinguishing agent is selected depending on the class of fire (spray or spread
water or foam solution).
C.1.2 A type of fire extinguishing unit is selected with account of fire hazard and flame
propagation - sprinkler or deluge, aggregate or modular or sprinkler-deluge, sprinkling with a
positive start.
N o t e – In this annex, if not specified otherwise, irrigator refers to water or foam irrigator per se
as well as a water nozzle.
C.1.3 Type of sprinkler fire extinguishing system is determined depending of AFEU operating
temperature (water filled or air).
C.1.4 Nominal activation temperature of sprinkler irrigators in accordance with ambient
temperature in the zone of their placement.
C.1.5 Sprinkling intensity, discharge of fire extinguishing agent, distance between irrigators and
continuation of FEA are taken with account of selected group of protected object (in accordance
with Annex B and Tables 5.1-5.3 of the present Code of Practice).
C.1.6 Type of sprinkler is selected in accordance with its discharge, sprinkling intensity and
protected area, as well as architectural and planning solutions of the protected object.
B.1.7 Pipeline network routing and layout of sprinklers is planned, for clarity, tracing of pipeline
network to protect the object is depicted in axonometric form (not necessarily to scale).
B.1.8 Dictating protected sprinkling area is marked on the hydraulic layout of AFEU, where the
dictating sprinkler is placed.
C.1.9 Hydraulic calculation of AFEU is done:
- Pressure required for dictating sprinkler is determined by taking into account the regulatory
intensity of sprinkling and the height of the sprinkler irrigation on the diagram or in accordance
with passport data, and the distance between the sprinklers;
- Pipeline diameters are appointed for different parts of AFEU hydraulic network, with velocity
of the water and foaming solution in pressure pipelines being not more than 10 m / s, and the
suction - no more than 2.8 m / s, diameter of the suction pipe is determined by the hydraulic
calculation with due regard for suction head of an applicable fire pump;
- Discharge of each sprinkler is determined, located in the adopted dictating protected area
(given the fact that the discharge of sprinklers installed in the distribution network, increases with
the distance from dictating irrigator) and total discharge of sprinklers protecting their irrigated area;
- Checked is calculation of the distribution network of AFEU sprinkler on the condition of
activation of so many irrigators, whose total discharge and sprinkling intensity in the irrigated areas
adopted by the protected amount to no less than the normative values given in Tables 5.1-5.3 of this
Code of Practice. If this protected area will be less than indicated in Tables 5.1-5.3, the calculation
must be repeated with larger diameter of distribution network piping. When using sprinklers
sprinkling intensity and pressure of dictating sprinkler are appointed in accordance with normative
and technical documentation developed in the prescribed manner;
- - calculated is the distribution network deluge AFEU on condition of simultaneous operation of
all deluge sprinklers in the section, which provides fire-exstinguishing in the protected area with
intensity not less than standard (Tables 5.1-5.3of this Code of Practice) When using sprinklers,
sprinkling intensity or pressure of dictating sprinkler shall be appointed by dictating normative and
technical documentation developed in the prescribed manner;
- Determined is pressure in the feed pipe of imputed area of distribution network that protects
77
adopted the irrigated area;
- Determined are hydraulic losses of hydraulic network from imputed area of distribution
network to fire pumps, as well as local losses (including the management node) in this pipeline
network;
- Calculated are the main parameters of a pump with account of inlet pressure (pressure and
flow);
- Chosen is type and brand of fire pump with account for estimated pressure and discharge.
C.2 Distribution network calculation
C.2.1 Layout of sprinklers in the AFEU distribution pipeline is generally performed in
accordance with symmetric, asymmetric, symmetric ring or asymmetric ring scheme (Figure C.1).
C.2.2 Estimated discharge of water (foaming agents) through dictating sprinkler, located in
dictating irrigated area is determined by the formula
q1  10 K
P,
where q1 – FEA discharge through dictating sprinkler, l/s;
K – Sprinkler productivity ratio taken up in accordance with technical documentation for a unit,
l/(s·MPa0,5);
Р – pressure before a sprinkler, MPa.
C.2.3 Discharge of the dictating sprinkler 1 is an estimated value of Q1-2 in the area L1-2 between
the first and the second sprinklers (Figure C.1, Section А).
C.2.4 Pipeline diameter in the area L1-2 is assigned by the designer or is determined in accordance
with a formula
d1 2  1000
4Q1 2
,
v
where d1-2 – diameter between the first and the second sprinkler of the pipeline, mm;
Q1-2 - FEA discharge, l/s;
μ – discharge ratio;
v – water flow rate, m/s (should not exceed 10 m/s).
Diameter is increased to the next nominal value in accordance with GOST 28338.
C.2.5 Pressure loss Р1-2 in the area L1-2 is determined by the formula
P1 2  Q12 2 L1 2 / 100 K т or P1 2  AQ12 2 L1 2 / 100,
where Q1-2 – is total FEA discharge of the first and the second sprinklers, l/s;
Kт – specific pipeline performance, l6/s2;
А – specific pipeline performance depending on the diameter and roughness of walls, s2/l6.
C.2.6 Specific resistance and specific hydraulic performance of pipelines for pipes (from
carbonaceous materials) of different diameter are given in Table C.1 and C.2.
C.2.7 Hydraulic resistance of plastic pipes is accepted in accordance with manufacturer’s data. It
is necessary to consider that unlike steel pipes diameter of plastic pipes is provided by external
diameter.
C.2.8 Pressure of sprinkler 2
Р2=Р1+Р1-2.
C.2.9 Discharge of sprinkler 2 will constitute
q2  10 K
78
P2 .
А – section with symmetrical arrangement of sprinkles; B – section with asymmetrical arrangement
of sprinkles; C – section with symmetrical ring feeding pipeline; D- section with asymmetrical ring
feeding pipeline I, II, III – reeds of distribution pipeline; a, b, ..., n, m – node reference points
Schemes of distributing network of sprinkler and deluge AFEU
Figure C.1
Table C.1
Specific resistance by different grades of pipe roughness
Diameter
Nominal DN
Estimated, mm
20
20. 25
25
26
32
34.75
40
40
50
52
70
67
80
79.5
100
105
125
130
150
155
Specific resistance А, s2/l6
Greatest roughness Medium roughness Least roughness
1.643
1.15
0.98
0.4367
0.306
0.261
0.09386
0.0656
0.059
0.04453
0.0312
0.0277
0.01108
0.0078
0.00698
0.002893
0.00202
0.00187
0.001168
0.00082
0.000755
0.0002674
0.000187
0.00008623
0.0000605
0.00003395
0.0000238
Table C.2
Specific hydraulic performance of pipelines
Pipeline type
Steel electro-welded
(GOST 10704-91)
Nominal
diameter DN
15
20
25
32
40
50
65
80
100
100
100
100
125
125
125
External
Wall thickness,
diameter, mm
mm
18
25
32
40
45
57
76
89
108
108
114
114*
133
133*
140
79
2.0
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.5
2.8
2.8
2.8
3.0
2.8
3.0*
3.2
3.5*
3.2
Specific pipeline
performance Кт, ×10–6
l6/s2
0.0755
0.75
3.44
13.97
28.7
11.0
572
1429
4322
4231
5872
5757
13530
13190
18070
Steel suitable for gas
and water (GOST
3262-75)
150
150
150
200
250
300
350
15
20
25
32
40
50
65
80
90
100
125
150
152
159
159*
219*
273*
325*
377*
21,3
26,8
33,5
42,3
48
60
75,5
88,5
101
114
140
165
3.2
3.2
4.0*
4.0*
4.0*
4.0*
5.0*
2.5
2.5
2.8
2.8
3.0
3.0
3.2
3.5
3.5
4.0
4.0
4.0
28690
36920
34880
209900
711300
1856000
4062000
0.18
0.926
3.65
16.5
34.5
135
517
1262
2725
5205
16940
43000
N o t e – Pipes with parameters marked with “*” are used in external water supply networks.
C.2.10 Peculiarities of calculating symmetrical scheme of dead-ended distribution network
C.2.10.1 For symmetrical scheme (Figure C.1, section А) estimated discharged in the segment
between the second sprinkler and point а, that is in the segment 2-а, equals to
Q2–а=q1+q2.
C.2.10.2 Pipeline diameter in the section L2–а is assigned by designer or determined by a formula
d 2  a  1000
4Q2  a

.
Diameter is increased to the next value specified in GOST 3262, GOST 8732, GOST 8734 or
GOST 10704.
C.2.10.3 Pressure losses in the section 2-а are determined by water discharge Q2-а:
P2a  Q22a L2a / 100K т or P2a  AQ22a L2a / 100.
C.2.10.4 Pressure in the point а equals to
Ра=Р2+Р2-а.
C.2.10.5 For left branch of reed I (Figure C.1, section А) it is necessary to provide discharge Q2-а
by pressure Ра. Right branch is symmetrical to the left branch that is why discharge for this branch
will also be equal to Q2-а, consequently, pressure in the point а will be equal to Ра.
C.2.10.6 As a result for reed I we have pressure equal to Ра, and water discharge
QI=2Q2-а.
C.2.10.7 Pipeline diameter in the section Lа-b is assigned by the designer or is determined by the
formula
d a  b  1000
4Qa  b

.
Diameter is increased to the next value specified in GOST 28338.
C.2.10.8 Hydraulic performance of reeds of equivalent construction is determined by generalized
performance of estimated section of a pipeline.
C.2.10.9 Generalized performance of the reed I is determined on the basis of expression
80
B p1  QI2 / Pa .
C.2.10.10 Pressure losses in the section а-b for symmetrical and asymmetric schemes (Figure
C.1, sections A and B) are determined by the formula
C.2.10.11 Pressure in the point b will constitute
Рb=Pa+Pa–b.
C.2.10.12 Water discharge from the reed II is determined by the formula
QII 
B p1 Pb .
C.2.10.13 Calculation of all subsequent reeds up to the estimated (actual) water discharge and
corresponding pressure is performed in accordance with calculation of the reed II.
C.2.11 Peculiarities of calculating asymmetrical scheme of dead-ended network.
C.2.11.1 Right part of the section B (Figure C.1) is not symmetrical to the left part, that is why
left branch is calculated separately determining Ра and Q′3-а.
C.2.11.2 Considering right part of 3-а reed (one sprinkler) separately of left 1-а (two sprinklers),
pressure in the right part Р′а should be less than pressure Ра in the left part.
C.2.11.3 As two different pressures cannot exist in one point, the bigger value Ра is taken and
amended (redetermined) discharge is determined for the right branch Q3–а:
Q3  a  Q3 a
Pa / Pa .
C.2.11.4 Total water discharge from the reed I
QI=Q2-a+Q3-a.
C.2.12 Peculiarities of calculating of symmetrical and asymmetrical ring schemes
C.2.12.1 Symmetrical and asymmetrical ring schemes (Figure C.1, sections C and D) are
calculated in the same manner as the dead-ended network, but with 50% of estimated water
discharge for each half-ring.
C.3 AFEU hydraulic calculation
C.3.1 calculation of sprinkler AFU is performed on the condition
Qн£Qс,
where Qн – normative discharge of sprinkler AFEU in accordance with Tables 5.1-5.3 of the present
Code of Practice;
Qс – actual discharge of sprinkler AFEU.
C.3.2 Number of sprinkles proving actual discharge Qс of sprinkler AFEU with intencity not less
than normative (with account of configuration of the sprinkling area) should be not less as
n³S/W,
where n – minimal amount of sprinkler irrigators providing actual discharge Qс of all types of
sprinkler AFEU with sprinkling intensity not less than normative;
S – minimal sprinkling area in accordance with Table 5.1 of the present Code;
W - reference area protected by one sprinkler:
W=L2,
L – distance between sprinklers
C.3.3 The approximate diameters of individual sections of distribution lines can be selected by
the number of sprinklers. Table B.3 indicated the relationship between the diameter of distribution
pipelines, pressure, and the number of sprinklers installed
81
Table C.3
Approximate relation between most frequently used diameters of distribution reed pipelines,
pressure and number of installed sprinkler and deluge irrigators
Nominal pipeline diameter, DN
Number of irrigators with
pressure of 0,5 MPa and more
Number of irrigators with
pressure up to 0.5 MPa
20
25
32
40
50
70
80
100 125
150
More than
150
150
More than
140
140
1
3
5
9
18
28
46
80
-
2
3
5
10
20
36
75
C.3.4 As pressure of each sprinkler is different (dictating sprinkler has the lowest pressure), it is
necessary to take into account discharge of each sprinkler from total amount of sprinklers N.
C.3.5 Total discharge of deluge AFEU is calculated on the condition of placement a necessary
number of sprinkler in the protected area.
C.3.6 Total water discharge of deluge AFEU is calculated by consequent summing of discharge
values of each sprinkler located in the protected zone:
n
Qд   qn ,
n 1
where Qд – estimated discharge of deluge AFEU, l/s;
qn – discharge of n sprinkler, l/s;
n – number of sprinklers located in sprinkling zone.
C.3.7 Discharge QАУП of sprinkler AFEU with water curtain
QАУП=Qс+Qз,
where Qс – discharge of sprinkler AFEU;
Qз – discharge of water curtain.
C.3.8 For the combined fire-resistant water pipes (inner fire-resistant pipeline and automatic
extinguishing systems) it is permitted to install one group of pumps, on the condition that this group
provides discharge Q, equal to the sum of each water supply needs:
Q=QАУП+QCПC,
where QАУП, QCПC – discharges of AFEU and internal fire-fighting pipeline.
C.3.9 Discharge of fire cocks is accepted in accordance with [2] (tables 1-2).
C.3.10 In general case pressure of fire pump is formed from the following components:
Рн=Рг+РC+∑Рм+Руу+Рд+Z-PCх=Pтр-PCх,
where Рн – required pressure of fire pump, MPa;
Рг – pressure losses in the horizontal sector of a pipeline AB, MPa;
РC – pressure losses in the vertical section of a pipeline CD, MPa;
Рм – pressure losses in local resistances (formed parts of B and D), MPa;
Руу – local resistances in control node (alarm valve, dampers, valves), MPa;
Рд – pressure of dictating sprinkler, MPa;
Z – piezometric pressure (geometrical height of dictating sprinkler above the axis of fire pump,
MPa; Z=Н/100;
PCх – pressure at the entrance of fire pump, MPa,
Pтр – required pressure, MPA.
82
1 – water feeder; 2 - sprinkler; 3 – contol node; 4 – supply line; Рг – pressure losses in the
horizontal section of a pipeline AB; PC – pressure losses in the vertical section of a pipeline BD; Рм
– pressure losses in local resistances (formed parts B and D); Руу – local resistances on control node
(alarm valve, dampers, valves); Ро – pressure of dictating sprinkler; Z – piezometric pressure; Pтр –
required pressure
Estimated scheme of water fire extinguishing unit
Figure C.2
C.3.11 From point n (Figure C.1, sections А and B) or from point m (Figure C.1, sections C and
D) to the fire pump (or other water feeder) pressure losses in pipes are calculated along the length
with account of local resistances, including those in control nodes (alarm valves, dampers, valves).
C.3.12 Hydraulic pressure losses in dictating feeding pipeline are determined by summing
hydraulic losses in the separate sections of a pipeline on the formulas:
Pi  Q 2 Li / 100 K т or Pi  AQ 2 Li / 100,
where ΔРi – hydraulic pressure losses in the section Li, MPa;
Q – FUA discharge, l/s;
Kт – specific performance of a pipeline in the section Li, l6/s2;
А – specific resistance of a pipeline in the section Li, depending on the diameter and roughness of
walls, s2/l6.
C.3.13 Pressure losses in the control nodes of РУУ units, m are determined by formula
- in sprinkler
РУУс=ξУУсγQ2=(ξкс+ξз)γQ2;
- in deluge
РУУд=ξУУдγQ2=(ξкд+2ξз)γQ2,
where ξУУс, ξУУд, ξкс, ξкд, ξз – pressure loss ratios in sprinkler and deluge control nodes, sprinkler
and deluge alarm valves and locking device respective (accepted in accordance with technical
documentation for control node in general and for each alarm valve, damper or valve individually);
γ – water density, kg/m3;
Q – estimated discharge of water of foaming solution through control node, m3/h.
C.3.14 In approximate calculations local resistances (with account of losses in control node) are
assumed equal to 20% of pipeline network resistance; in foam AFEU with concentration of foamer
solution up to 10% viscosity of a solution is not taken into consideration.
C.3.15 Calculation is performed in such a manner that pressure near control node does not
exceed 1 MPa, unless otherwise is specified in technical conditions.
C.3.16 With account of selected group of protected object (Annex B of the present Code of
Practice) duration of fire extinguishing agent delivery is assumed in accordance with Table 5.1.
C.3.17 Duration of internal fire-fighting pipeline operation combined with AFEU should be
assumed equal to operation time of AFEU.
83
Annex D
(recommended)
Method of parameter calculation of fire-extinguishing units with high-expansion foam
D.1 Estimated volume V, m3, of protected premises or local fire extinguishing volume is
determined. Estimated volume of premises is determined as a product of floor area on foam filling
height, excluding volumes of solid (impenetrable) construction non-combustible elements
(columns, beams, foundations, etc.).
D.2 Selected is type and brand of high-expansion foam generator. Its performance is defined on
the basis of foamer solution q, dm3/min.
D.3 Estimated number of high-expansion foam generators is determined
n
aV  103
,
qK
(D.1)
where а – foam destruction coefficient;
τ – maximal time of filling premises volume with foam, min;
К – foam expansion.
Value of а coefficient is calculated by the formula
а=К1К2К3,
(D.2)
where К1 – coefficient accounting for foam shrinkage is assumed equal to 1.2 with ceiling height
up to 4 m and 1.5 with ceiling height up to 10 meters determined experimentally.
К2 – accounts for foam leakage; in absence of open windows is assumed equal to 1.2; in presence
of open windows is determined experimentally;
К3 – accounts for impact of smoke gases on foam destruction, to account for impact of
combustion products of hydrocarbon liquids is assumed equal to 1.5, for other types of fire load is
determined experimentally. Maximal time of filling protected premises with foam is assumed to be
no more than 10 minutes.
D.4 System performance is determined by the foamer solution, m3s-1:
Q
nq
. (D.3)
60  103
D.5 According to technical documentation volume conception of foamer in a solution of
determined s, %.
D.6 Estimated amount of foamer is determined, m3:
Vпен=cQτ·10-2·60. (Г.4)
84
Annex E
(mandatory)
Background data for calculation masses of gaseous fire-extinguishing agents
E.1 Normative volume fire extinguishing conception of gaseous nitrogen (N 2). Gas density by
Р=101.3 kPa and Т=20°С equals to 1.17 kg/m3.
Table E.1
Name of combustible material
n-heptane
Ethanol
Petroleum А-76
Automobile oil
GOST, TU,
OST
GOST 25823
Normative volume fire extinguishing
conception, % (volume)
34.6
36.0
33.8
27.8
E.2 Normative volume fire extinguishing conception of gaseous argon (Ar). Gas density by
Р=101.3 kPa and Т=20°С equals to 1.66 kg/m3.
Table E.2
Name of combustible material
n-heptane
Ethanol
Petroleum А-76
Automobile oil
GOST, TU,
OST
GOST 25823
Normative volume fire extinguishing
conception, % (volume)
39.0
46.8
44.3
36.1
E.3 Normative volume fire extinguishing conception of dioxide carbon (СО2). Gas density by
Р=101.3 kPa and Т=20°С equals to 1.88 kg/m3.
Table E.3
Name of combustible material
n-heptane
Ethyl alcohol
Acetone
Toluol
Isopropyl carbinol
Mineral sperm oil КО-25
Solvent 646
GOST, TU,
OST
GOST 25823
GOST 18300
GOST 2768
GOST 5789
GOST 6016
TU 38401-5810-90
GOST 18188
Normative volume fire extinguishing
conception, % (volume)
34.9
35.7
33.7
30.9
33.2
32.6
32.1
E.4 Normative volume fire extinguishing conception of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). Vapour
density by P=101.3 kPa and Т=20°С equals to 6.474 kg/m3.
Table E.4
Name of combustible material
n-heptane
Ethanol
Acetone
Transformer oil
GOST, TU,
OST
GOST 25823
GOST 18300
Normative volume fire extinguishing
conception, % (volume)
10.0
14.4
10.8
7.2
E.5 Normative volume fire extinguishing conception of freon 23 (CF3H). density by P=101.3
85
kPa and Т=20°С equals to 2.93 kg/m3.
Table E.5
Name of combustible material
n-heptane
GOST, TU,
OST
GOST 25823
Normative volume fire extinguishing
conception, % (volume)
14.6
E.6 Normative volume fire extinguishing conception of freon 125 (C2F5H). density by P=101.3
kPa and Т=20°С equals to 5.208 kg/m3.
Table E.6
Name of combustible material
n-heptane
Ethanol
Vacuum oil
GOST, TU,
OST
GOST 25823
GOST 18300
Normative volume fire extinguishing
conception, % (volume)
9.8
11.7
9.5
E.7 Normative volume fire extinguishing conception of freon 218 (C 3F8). density by P=101.3
kPa and Т=20°С equals to 7.85 kg/m3.
Table E.7
Name of combustible material
n-heptane
Toluene
Petrileum А-76
Solvent 647
GOST, TU,
OST
GOST 25823
Normative volume fire extinguishing
conception, % (volume)
7.2
5.4
6.7
6.1
E.8 Normative volume fire extinguishing conception of freon 227еа (C3F7H). density by
P=101.3 kPa and Т=20°С equals to 7.28 kg/m3.
Table E.8
Name of combustible material
n-heptane
Toluene
Petroleum А-76
Solvent 647
GOST, TU,
OST
GOST 25823
Normative volume fire extinguishing
conception, % (volume)
7.2
6.0
7.3
7.3
E.9 Normative volume fire extinguishing conception of freon 318 Ц (C4F8ц). density by P=101.3
kPa and Т=20°С equals to 8.438 kg/m3.
Table E.9
Name of combustible material
n-heptane
Ethanol
Acetone
Kerosene
Toluene
GOST, TU,
OST
GOST 25823
GOST 18300
Normative volume fire extinguishing
conception, % (volume)
7.8
7.8
7.2
7.2
5.5
E.10 Normative volume fire extinguishing conception of Inergen gas composition (nitrogen (N2)52% (volume), argon (Ar)-40% (volume); carbon dioxide (СО2)-8% (volume.)). Vapour density by
Р=101.3 kPa and Т=20°С equals 1.42 kg/m3.
86
Table E.10
Name of combustible material
n-heptane
ethanol
Automobile oil
Technical acetone
GOST, TU,
OST
GOST 25823
GOST 18300
Normative volume fire extinguishing
conception, % (volume)
36.5
36.0
28.3
37.2
GOST 2768
N o t e – Normative volume fire extinguishing concentration of gaseous FEA listed above for
extinguishing of fire of А2 class should be assumed equal to normative fire-extinguishing
concentration for extinguishing of n-heptane.
E.11 Regulatory bulk fire extinguishing concentration of Freon trifluoromethane-18I.
Pair density at Р = 101,3 kPa and Т = 20 С is 3.24 kg/m3.
Table E.11
Combustible material name
GOST, TS, IS
Regulatory bulk fire extinguishing
concentration, % (vol.)
N-heptane
GOST 25823
9.5
(Introduced additionally, Rev. No. 1)
E.12 Regulatory bulk fire extinguishing concentration of Freon CF3CF2C(O)CF(CF3)2.
Pair density at Р = 101,3 kPa and Т = 20 С is 13,6 kg/m3.
Table E.12
Combustible material name
GOST, TS, IS
Regulatory bulk fire extinguishing
concentration, % (vol.)
N-heptane
GOST 25823
4.2
(Introduced additionally, Rev. No. 1)
E.13 Regulatory bulk fire extinguishing concentration of Freon 217J1 (С3F7J).
Pair density at Р = 101,3 kPa and Т = 20 С is 12,3 kg/m3.
Table E.13
Combustible material name
GOST, TS, IS
Regulatory bulk fire extinguishing
concentration, % (vol.)
N-heptane
GOST 25823
2.5
(Introduced additionally, Rev. No. 1)
E.14 Regulatory bulk fire extinguishing concentration of Freon CF3J.
Pair density at Р = 101,3 kPa and Т = 20 С is 8,16 kg/m3.
87
Table E.14
Combustible material name
GOST, TS, IS
Regulatory bulk fire extinguishing
concentration, % (vol.)
N-heptane
GOST 25823
4.6
(Introduced additionally, Rev. No. 1)
E.15 Regulatory bulk fire extinguishing concentration of Argonit gas composition (nitrogen (N2)
- 50 % (vol.); argon (Ar) - 50 % (vol.).
Pair density at Р = 101,3 kPa and Т = 20 С is 1,4 kg/m3.
Table E.15
Combustible material name
GOST, TS, IS
Regulatory bulk fire extinguishing
concentration, % (vol.)
N-heptane
GOST 25823
36.8
Note - Normative volume fire extinguishing concentration of gaseous FEA listed above for
extinguishing of fire of А2 class should be assumed equal to normative fire-extinguishing
concentration for extinguishing of n-heptane.
(Introduced additionally, Rev. No. 1)
E.16 Correction factor accounting for location height of protected object in relation to sea level.
Table E.16
Height above sea level, m
from 0 to 1000
from 1000 to 1500
from 1500 to 2000
from 2000 to 2500
from 2500 to 3000
from 3000 to 3500
from 3500 to 4000
from 4000 to 4500
More than 4500
Correction factor К3
1.000
0.885
0.830
0.785
0.735
0.690
0.650
0.610
0.565
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
E.17 Values of leakage parameter depending on the volume of protected object.
Table E.17
Leakage parameter, no more than
0.044 m–1
0.033 m–1
0.028 m–1
0.022 m–1
Volume of the protected premise
Up to 10 m3
from 10 to 20 m3
from 20 to 30 m3
From 30 to 50 m3
88
0.018 m–1
0.016 m–1
0.014 m–1
0.012 m–1
0.011 m–1
0.010 m–1
0.009 m–1
0.008 m–1
0.007 m–1
0.006 m–1
0.005 m–1
0.0045 m–1
0.0040 m–1
0.0037 m–1
0.0033 m–1
0.0030 m–1
0.0025 m–1
0.0022 m–1
0.001 m–1
From 50 to 75 m3
From 75 to 100 m3
from 100 to 150 m3
From 150 to 200 m3
from 200 to 250 m3
from 250 to 300 m3
From 300 to 400 m3
From 400 to 500 m3
From 500 to 750 m3
From 750 to 1000 m3
From 1000 to 1500 m3
From 1500 to 2000 m3
From 2000 to 2500 m3
From 2500 to 3000 m3
From 3000 to 4000 m3
From 4000 to 5000 m3
From 5000 to 7500 m3
From 7500 to 10000 m3
Above 10 000 m3 (only for AGFEU)
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1)
89
Annex F
(recommended)
Method of calculation of gaseous fire extinguishing agent mass for gaseous fire-extinguishing
units by extinguishing via volumetric method
F.1 Estimated mass of GFEA Мг, which should be stored in a unit is determined by the formula
Мг=К1[М+Мт+Мбn],
(F.1)
where Мр – mass of GFEA intended for generation in premises volume of fire-extinguishing
concentration in absence on artificial air ventilation, is determined by formulas:
- for GFEA – liquefied gases, with exception of carbon dioxide:
M p  V p 1 1  K 2 
Cн
;
100  Cн
(F.2)
- for GFEA – compressed gases and carbon dioxide
M p  V p 1 1  K 2  ln
Cн
,
100  Cн
(F.3)
V – estimated volume of protected premises, m 3. Estimated volume of the room includes its internal
geometric volume, including the volume of ventilation, air conditioning, air heating systems (up
tight valves or dampers). The volume of equipment in the room, it is not subtracted from estimated
volume, except for the volume of solid (impermeable) building elements (columns, beams,
foundations for equipment, etc.);
К1 – coefficient accounting for leakage of gaseous fire-extinguishing agents from the vessels;
К2 – coefficient accounting for losses of gaseous fire-extinguishing agents through windows of
the premises;
ρ1 – density of gaseous fire-extinguishing agent with account of protected object heights in
relation to sea level for minimal temperature on the room Тм, kg/m3 is determined by the formula
1   o
То
К3 ,
Тм
(F.4)
ро – vapour density of gaseous fire-extinguishing agent by the temperature of То=293К (20°С)
and pressure 101.3 kPa;
То – minimal air temperature in protected premises, К;
К3 – correction factor accounting for location height of the object in relation to the sea level, the
values of which are given in the Table E.11 of Annex E;
Сн – normative volume concentration, % (volume).
Values of normative fire-extinguishing concentrations Сн are given in Annex E.
Residue GFEU mass in pipelines Мтр, kg, is determined by the formula
Мтр=VтрρГОТВ,
(F.5)
where Vтр – volume of all pipeline extension of a unit, m3;
рГОТВ – density of GFEU residue under pressure in the pipeline after termination of GEU mass
efflux Мр into protected premises;
Мбn – product of GFEU residue in module Мб, which is accepted in accordance with TD on
module, kg, for the amount of modules in a unit n.
N o t e – For liquid combustible agents not listed in the Annex E, normative fire extinguishing
concentration of GFEU, all components of which are in the gaseous phase in the normal conditions,
can be determined as a product of minimal volumetric fire-extinguishing concentration and safety
coefficient equal to 1.2 for all GEU, with exception of carbon dioxide. Safety coefficient for СО2
equals to 1,7.
90
For AFEU, which are under normal conditions in the liquid phase, as well as for mixtures of
AFEU, at least one component of which is under normal conditions in the liquid phase, the
regulatory extinguishing concentration is determined by multiplying the volumetric fire
extinguishing concentration on a safety factor of 1.2.
Methods for determining the minimum volumetric fire extinguishing concentration, and fire
extinguishing concentration are specifiedin the GOST R 53280.3.
F.2 Equation coefficients (F.1) re determined in the following way.
F.2.1 Coefficient accounting for leakage of gaseous fire-extinguishing agent from the vessels
K1=1.05.
F.2.2 Coefficient accounting for losses of gaseous fire-extinguishing agent through openings:
K 2  P под
(F.6)
Н,
where P – parameter accounting for location of openings along the height of the protected
premises, m05 s-1.
Numerical values of the parameter P are chosen in the following way:
P=0.65 - at the location of openings both in the lower (0-0.2) H and the upper zone of the room
(0,8-1,0) V1 or simultaneously on the ceiling or on the floor of the premises, the area of openings in
the top and bottom being approximately equal and constituting half of the total area of openings, P
= 0.1 - with only the location of openings in the upper zone (0,8-1,0) H protected premises (or
ceiling), P = 0.25 - only at the location of openings in the lower zone (0 -0,2) V1 protected room (or
floor), P = 0.4 - with approximately uniform distribution of the square openings on the entire height
of the protected premises and in all other cases;
 
F
н
Vр
 leakage parameter, m-1,
where ΣFн – total area of openings, m2;
H – ceiling height, m;
τпод – normative time of GFEA supply into protected premises, s.
F.3 Extinguishing of fire of subclass A1 (except smoldering materials specified in 8.1.1) should
be done in the premises with leakage parameter not more than 0.001 m-1.
Mass Мр for fire extinguishing of subclass A1 is determined by the formula
Мр=K4Мр-гFпт,
(F.7)
where Мр-гFпт – mass value Мр for normative volumetric concentration Сн upon extinguishing of
n-heptane is calculated by the formulas (2) or (3);
K4 – coefficient accounting for a type of combustible material.
The coefficient K4 is assumed to be: 1.3 – for extinguishing of paper, corrugated paper,
cardboard, cloth, etc., in bales, rolls or folders; 2.25 - for premises with the same materials, access
to which for firemen is excluded after termination of AFEU operation. For the remaining fires of
subclass A1, except those specified in 8.1.1, the value of K4 is assumed to be 1.2.
Further, the estimated mass of GFEA is calculated by the formula (F.1).
And it is allowed to increase the normative time for the GFEA supply in K4 times.
If the calculated amount of GFEA is determined using the ratio K4 = 2,25, GFEA reserve may be
reduced and determined by calculation using a coefficient K4 = 1.3.
You should not open the protected area to which access is allowed, or break its seal in another
way within 20 minutes after activation of AFEU (or until the arrival of fire units).
91
Annex G
(recommended)
Method of hydraulic calculation of carbon-dioxide fire-extinguishing units of low pressure
G.1 Average pressure during carbon dioxide supply in isothermal vessel pm, MPa, is determined
by the formula
pm=0,5(p1+p2),
(G.1)
where p1 – pressure in reservoir with preservation of carbon dioxide, MPa;
p2 – pressure in the reservoir at the end of release of estimated amount of carbon dioxide, MPa, is
determined in accordance with Figure G.1.
G.2 Average discharge of carbon dioxide Qm, kg/s is determined by the formula
Qm 
m
,
t
(G.2)
where m – estimated amount of carbon dioxide, kg;
t – normative time ofcarbon dioxide supply, s.
G.3 Internal diameter of feeding (major) pipeline di , m, is determined in accordance with the
formula

di  9,6  10 3  k4 
2
 Qm  2 l1 
0 ,19
(G.3)
,
where k4 – multiplier determined by the table G.1;
l1 – length of feeding (major) pipeline) in accordance with the project, m.
Table G.1
pm, MPa
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.4
Multiplier k4
0.68
0.79
0.85
0.92
1.0
1.9
G.4 Average pressure in feeding (major) pipeline in the place of its introduction into a protected
premises is calculated from the equation
 2  1011  Qm  2 l2 
p3  p4   2  0,568 ln 1 
,
 di  5, 25  k4  2 

(G.4)
where l2 – equivalent length of pipelines from isothermal reservoir to the point where pressure is
determined, m:
l2  l1  69d i1, 25 1,
(G.5)
where ε1 – sum of resistance coefficients of fashion parts of the pipelines.
G.5 Average pressure constitutes
р'т=0,5(р3+р4),
(G.6)
where р3 – pressure in the place of introduction of feeding (major) pipelines into the protected
premises, MPa;
р4 – pressure at the end of feeding (major) pipeline, MPa.
Pressure on the nozzles should be not less than 1.0 MPa.
G.6 Average discharge through a nozzle Q'm, kg/s-1, is determined by the formula
Qm  4,1 103 k5 A3 exp1,76 pm  ,
(G.7)
92
where µ - coefficient of discharge through a nozzle;
A3 – area of nozzle outlet, m2;
k5 – coefficient determined by the formula:
k5  0,93 
0,03
.
1,025  0,5 pm
(G.8)
G.7 Number of nozzles ξ1 is determined by the formula
ξ1=Qm/Q´m.
(G.9)
G.8 Inner diameter of distribution pipeline d´i, m, is calculated on the condition
d i ³ 1,4d 1 ,
(G.10)
where d – diameter of nozzle outlet, m.
1 - by p1=2.4 MPa; 2 - by p1=2.1 MPa; 3 - by p1=1.8 MPa; 4 - by p1=1.6 MPa; 5 - by p1=1.4 MPa; 6
- by p1=1.2 MPa
Dependence of pressure p2 in isothermal reservoir in the end of discharge of the estimated amount
of carbon dioxide m from the relative mass of carbon dioxide m4
Figure G.1
N o t e – Relative mass of carbon dioxide m4 is determined by the formula
m4 
m5  m
,
m5
(G.11)
where m5 – initial mass of carbon dioxide, kg.
93
Annex H
(Recommended)
Method of calculation of opening area for dump of excess pressure in the rooms protected by
the gaseous fire-extinguishing units
Opening area for release of excess pressure Fc, m2, is determined by the formula
Fc ³
K 2 K3M p
0,7 K i под 1
в
 Pпр  Pa  0, 2857 
6

7  10 P 
 1
 Pa 
 a
  F,
(H.1)
where Ppr - maximum pressure which is determined on the condition of strength conservation of
structural construction of protected areas equipment located within these premises, MPa;
Pa - pressure, MPa;
pB - air density under operating conditions of the protected premises, kg/m3;
K2 - the safety factor, taken equal to 1.2;
K3 - coefficient accounting for change in pressure when it is applied,
τпод - time for GFEA delivery, determined from the hydraulic calculation, s;
ΣF – area of permanently open apertures (except waste opening) in building envelope.
Values of Mp, K1, p1 are determined in accordance with Annex Е.
For GFEA – liquefied gases coefficient K3=1.
For GFEA – compressed gases K3 is taken equal to:
For nitrogen – 2.4;
For argon – 2.66;
For inergen composition – 2.44.
If the right part of the equation is less or equals to zero, the opening (device) for excessive
pressure dump is not needed.
N o t e – Opening area is calculated without account of cooling impact of GFEA compressed
gases which can lead to some reduction in the area of an opening.
94
Annex I
(recommended)
General provision for calculation of powder fire extinguishing units of modular type
I.1 Initial data for calculation and design of the units are:
- The geometrical dimensions of the room (size, building envelope area, height);
- Area of openings in building envelope structures;
- Temperature, pressure and humidity in the protected area;
- List of substances, materials placed in the room, and indicators of their fire hazard, the
corresponding class of fire in accordance with GOST 27331;
- Type, magnitude and pattern of distribution of fire load;
- Presence and characteristics of ventilation, air conditioning, air heating systems;
- Characteristics and arrangement of technological equipment;
- Category of premises [10] and classes of zones [7];
- Presence of people and ways of their evacuation.
- Technical documentation for the modules.
II.2 The calculation of the unit includes the following:
- The number of modules designed for fire extinguishing;
- Time of evacuation, if any;
- The time of installation;
- An adequate supply of powder, modules and components;
- Type and required number of detectors (if necessary) to ensure operation of a unit, signal
launchers, power supplies to start the installation.
I.3 Methods of calculating the number of modules for the modular powder fire-extinguishing
units
I.3.1 Extinguishing of volume protected
I.3.1.1 Extinguishing of total protected volume
A number of modules for the protection of premises volume is defined by the formula:
N 
Vп
k1k2 k3k 4 ,
Vн
(I.1)
where N – number of modules necessary to protect a premises, items;
Vп – volume of protected premises, m3;
Vн – volume protected by one module of selected type, determined by technical documentation
(hereinafter in the Annex – documentation) for module, m 3 (with account of spray geometry – shape
and sizes of the protected object declared by the manufactures);
k1=1...1,2 – coefficient of powder spraying irregularity. When nozzle is placed on the border of
maximal permissible height (in accordance with documentation for a module), k1=1,2 or is
determined in accordance with documentation for a module;
k2 – stock coefficient accounting for opacity of possible fire seat,
depending on relation of area, shaded by the equipment S3, to the protected area Sу, ad is determined
as
k 2  1  1,33
S3
,
Sу
(I.2)
by
S3
£ 0,15,
Sу
(I.3)
Here S3- opacity area - is defined as the area of the protected area, where the source of fire may
be formed, to which the motion of the powder from the nozzle in a straight line is blocked by
95
impenetrable to the powder structural elements.
By
S3
 0,15,
Sу
(I.4)
It is recommended to install additional modules directly in the shadow zone or in a position that
eliminates the shading, under this condition k2 equal to 1;
k3 - coefficient accounting for changes in the efficiency of fire extinguishing powder used in
relation to the combustible material in a protected zone in comparison with petroleum AI-92
(second class). Determined in accordance with the Table I.1. In absence of data is determined
experimentally by methods approved in the prescribed manner;
k4 - coefficient accounting for degree of leakage of the premises.
k4=1+10f, where f=Fнег/Fпом - the ratio of the total area of permanent openings (apertures, slits)
Fнег to the total surface areas Fпом.
For units of impulse extinguishing coefficient k4can be taken in accordance with the
documentation for the modules.
I.3.1.2 Local fire extinguishing by volume.
Calculation is the same as in case of fire extinguishing by total volume with account of 9.2.59.2.7Local volume Vн,, protected by one module is defined with the documentation for modules
(including spray geometry - the shape and size of protected local object declared by the
manufacturer), and the protected volume Vз is defined as the volume of the object increased by
15%.
By local extinguishing by volume k4 is assumed to be = 1.3, it is permitted to take other values k4
obtained from the results of fire tests in standard conditions and provided in the documentation for
modules.
I.3.2 Fire extinguishing by area.
I.3.2.1 Extinguishing by total area
Number of modules necessary for fire extinguishing by area of protected object is determined by
the formula
N 
Sу
Sн
k1k 2 k3k 4 ,
(I.5)
where N – number of modules, items;
Sу – area of protected premises limited by envelope structures, walls, m2;
Sн – area protected by one module is determined in accordance with the documentation for
module, m2 (with account of spray geometry – protected area sizes declared by the manufacturer).
Coefficient values are determined in accordance with I.3.1 of the present Annex, k4 is assumed to
be equal to 1.2; it is permitted to take other values k4 obtained from the results of fire tests in
standard conditions and provided in the documentation for modules.
I.3.2.2 Local fire extinguishing by area
The calculation is the same as for fire extinguishing in the area with the requirements of 9.2.6,
9.2.7. It is assumed: Sн - the local area, protected by a module is determined by documentation for
the module (including the geometry of the spray - the shape and size of local protected area
declared by the manufacturer), and protected area Sу is defined as the area of the facility, increased
by 10%.
By local extinguishing it is assumed that k4 = 1.3; it is permitted to take other values k4,
obtained from the results of fire tests in standard conditions of protected objects and specified in the
documentation for a module.
As the Sн can be taken area of maximal rank in class C, extinguishing of which is provided by
this module (as determined by documentation in the module, m2).
I.3.2.3 Extinguishing of protected area in case of flammable liquids split.
96
Number of modules is calculated in accordance with I.3.2.1, in this case as Sн has to be taken the
focus area of maximal rank in class C, extinguishing of which is provided by this module (as
determined by documentation for a module), and Sу - a possible area of split.
N o t e - If as a result of calculation of number of modules a fractional final number is received,
the next larger whole number is assumed to be a final number.
When protecting the area, taking into account structural and technological features of the
protected object (with justification in the project) it is permitted to run modules on algorithms,
providing zone by zone protection. In this case, a protected area is assumed as the area isolated by
the project (travel, etc.) or constructive (non-combustible walls, partitions, etc.) solutions. Operation
of unit should ensure non-proliferation of fire outside the protected area, which is calculated taking
into account the inertia of the unit and speed of fire spreading (for the particular type of combustible
materials).
Table I.1 reflects the coefficients of the comparative effectiveness of fire extinguishing powders
k3 by extinguishing various substances. In parentheses are the values of k3 for units only with a
manual start-up and units with pulse modules.
Table I.1
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Combustible agent
Petroleum АI-92 (second
class)
Diesel fuel
Transformer oil
Benzol
Isopropanol
Wood
Rubber
Powders for extinguishing fires
of А, В, С classes
Powders for extinguishing
fires of В, С classes
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.8
1.1
1.2
1.0 (2.0)
1.0 (1.5)
0.8
0.8
1.10
1.1
-
97
Annex J
(mandatory)
Method of calculation of automatic aerosol fire extinguishing
J.1 Calculation of charge mass
K.1.1 The total mass of the aerosol composition МАОС, kg necessary to eliminate (extinguish) the
fire via volumetric method in a room of the given size and leakage is determined by the formula
МАОС=K1K2K3K4qнV,
(J.1)
3
where V – volume of protected premises, m ;
qн – normative fire extinguishing capacity to the material or substance located in the protected
premises, for which qн value is the highest (qн should be specified in technical documentation for a
generator), kg/m3;
K1 – coefficient accounting for irregularity of aerosol distribution along the height of the
premises;
K2 – coefficient accounting for leakage impact of the protected premises;
K3 – coefficient accounting for peculiarities of cables extinguishing in the emergency operational
mode;
K4 – coefficient accounting for peculiarities of cable extinguishing with different orientation in
space.
J.1.2 Coefficients of the equation (J.1) are determined in the following manner.
J.1.2.1 Coefficient K1 is taken equal to:
K1=1.0 with ceiling height not exceeding 3.0 m;
J1=1.15 with ceiling height from 3.0 to 5.0 meters;
K1=1.25 with ceiling height from 5.0 to 8.0 meters;
K1=1.4 with ceiling height from 8.0 to 10 meters.
J.1.2.2 Coefficient K2 is determined by the formula
K2=1+U*τл,
(J.2)
where U* - determined from Table J.1value of the relative flow rate of aerosol at these values of
leakage parameter δ and leakage distribution parameter upon height of the protected premises ψ, с-1;
τл – dimension factor, с.
τл value is taken equal to 6 s; δ, м-1, - leakage parameter of the protected premises, determined
as relation of total area of permanent openings ΣF to the volume of the protected premises V:
 
F ,
(J.3)
V
ψ, %, - leakage distribution parameter upon height of the protected premises determined as a
relation of permanent opening area located in the upper part of the protected premises Fв, to the
total area of permanent opening:
 
Fp
 100,
F
(J.3)
J.1.2.3 Coefficient K3 is taken equal to:
K3=1.5 – for cable constructions;
K3=1.0 – for other constructions.
98
Table J.1
Leakage
paramete
r δ, m–1
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.009
0.010
0.011
0.012
0.013
0.014
0.015
0.016
0.017
0.018
0.019
0.020
0.021
0.022
Relative intensity of aerosol supply into the room U*, s–1
By leakage distribution parameter along the heights of the protected premises ψ, %
0
5
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0.005
0
0.005
6
0.006
3
0.006
9
0.007
6
0.008
2
0.008
9
0.009
5
0.010
1
0.010
8
0.011
4
0.012
0
0.012
7
0.013
3
0.013
9
0.014
6
0.015
2
0.015
8
0.016
5
0.017
1
0.017
7
0.018
3
0.019
0
0.005
0
0.006
1
0.007
3
0.008
4
0.009
5
0.010
6
0.011
7
0.012
8
0.013
9
0.015
0
0.016
1
0.017
2
0.018
3
0.019
4
0.020
5
0.021
6
0.022
7
0.023
7
0.024
8
0.025
9
0.026
9
0.028
0
0.029
1
0.005
0
0.007
3
0.009
6
0.011
9
0.014
2
0.016
4
0.018
7
0.020
9
0.023
1
0.025
4
0.027
5
0.029
7
0.031
9
0.034
0
0.036
2
0.038
3
0.040
4
0.042
5
0.044
6
0.046
7
0.048
7
0.050
8
0.052
8
0.005
0
0.009
8
0.014
6
0.019
3
0.024
0
0.028
6
0.033
1
0.037
6
0.042
0
0.046
3
0.050
6
0.054
9
0.059
1
0.063
2
0.067
3
0.071
3
0.075
3
0.079
2
0,083
1
0,087
0
0,090
8
0,094
5
0,098
2
0.005
0
0.012
3
0.019
5
0.026
5
0.033
4
0.040
2
0.046
8
0.053
2
0.059
6
0.065
8
0.071
9
0.077
9
0.083
8
0.089
6
0.095
2
0.100
8
0.106
2
0.005
0
0.014
9
0.024
4
0.033
7
0.042
8
0.051
6
0.060
2
0.068
5
0.076
7
0.084
6
0.092
3
0.099
9
0.107
2
0.114
4
0.121
4
0.128
2
0.134
9
0.141
4
0.147
7
0.154
0
0.160
0
0.166
0
0.171
8
0.005
0
0.017
3
0.029
1
0.040
6
0.051
6
0.062
3
0.072
6
0.082
6
0.092
3
0.101
6
0.110
7
0.119
5
0.128
1
0.136
3
0.144
4
0.152
2
0.159
8
0.167
2
0.174
4
0.181
4
0.188
2
0.194
8
0.201
2
0.005
0
0.017
7
0.029
9
0.041
6
0.053
0
0.063
9
0.074
5
0.084
7
0.094
6
0.104
2
0.113
5
0.122
4
0.131
1
0.139
6
0.147
7
0.155
7
0.163
4
0.170
9
0.178
1
0.185
2
0.192
1
0.198
8
0.205
3
0.005
0
0.017
7
0.029
9
0.041
6
0.053
0
0.063
9
0.074
5
0.084
7
0.094
6
0.104
2
0.113
5
0.122
4
0.131
1
0.139
6
0.147
7
0.155
7
0.163
4
0.170
9
0.178
1
0.185
2
0.192
1
0.198
8
0.205
3
0.005
0
0.014
8
0.024
4
0.033
6
0.042
6
0.051
3
0.059
7
0.067
9
0.075
9
0.083
7
0.091
2
0.098
5
0.105
7
0.112
6
0.119
4
0.126
0
0.132
4
0.138
6
0.144
8
0.150
7
0.156
5
0.162
2
0.167
7
0.005
0
0.011
4
0.017
6
0.023
7
0.029
7
0.035
5
0.041
3
0.046
9
0.052
3
0.057
7
0.063
0
0.068
1
0.073
2
0.078
1
0.083
0
0.087
8
0.092
4
0.097
0
0.101
5
0.105
9
0.110
3
0.114
5
0.118
7
0.1116
0.116
9
0.122
0
0.127
1
0.132
1
0.137
0
99
100
0.0050
0.0091
0.0132
0.0172
0.0211
0.0250
0.0288
0.0326
0.0362
0.0399
0.0434
0.0470
0.0504
0.0538
0.0572
0.0605
0.0638
0.0670
0.0702
0.0733
0.0764
0.0794
0.0824
0.023
0.024
0.025
0.026
0.027
0.028
0.029
0.030
0.031
0.032
0.033
0.034
0.035
0.036
0.037
0.038
0.039
0.040
0.019
6
0.020
2
0.020
8
0.021
4
0.022
1
0.022
7
0.023
3
0.023
9
0.024
5
0.025
1
0.025
8
0.026
4
0.027
0
0.027
6
0.028
2
0.028
8
0.029
4
0.030
0
0.030
1
0.031
2
0.032
2
0.033
3
0.034
3
0.035
4
0.036
4
0.037
5
0.038
5
0.039
5
0.040
6
0.041
6
0.042
6
0.043
6
0.044
6
0.045
7
0.046
7
0.047
7
0.054
9
0.056
9
0.058
9
0.060
9
0.062
9
0.064
8
0.066
8
0.068
7
0.070
7
0.072
6
0.074
5
0.076
4
0.078
3
0.080
2
0.082
0
0.083
9
0.085
7
0.087
6
0,101
9
0,105
5
0,109
1
0,112
6
0,116
1
0,119
5
0,122
9
0,126
3
0,129
6
0,132
9
0,136
2
0,139
4
0,142
6
0,145
8
0,148
9
0,152
0
0,155
0
0,158
0
0.141
8
0.146
5
0.151
2
0.155
8
0.160
3
0.164
7
0.169
1
0.173
4
0.177
6
0.181
7
0.185
8
0.189
8
0.193
8
0.197
7
0.201
5
0.205
3
0.209
0
0.212
7
0.177
5
0.183
0
0.188
5
0.193
8
0.199
0
0.204
1
0.209
2
0.214
1
0.218
9
0.223
6
0.228
2
0.232
7
0.237
2
0.241
5
0.245
8
0.250
0
0.254
1
0.258
2
0.207
5
0.213
6
0.219
6
0.225
4
0.231
1
0.236
6
0.242
0
0.247
3
0.252
5
0.257
5
0.262
5
0.267
3
0.272
0
0.276
6
0.281
1
0.285
5
0.289
8
0.294
0
0.211
6
0.217
8
0.223
8
0.229
7
0.235
4
0.241
0
0.246
4
0.251
7
0.256
9
0.261
9
0.266
9
0.271
7
0.276
4
0.281
0
0.285
5
0.289
9
0.294
3
0.298
5
0.211
6
0.217
8
0.223
8
0.229
7
0.235
4
0.241
0
0.246
4
0.251
7
0.256
9
0.261
9
0.266
9
0.271
7
0.276
4
0.281
0
0.285
5
0.289
9
0.294
3
0.298
5
0.173
1
0.178
4
0.183
6
0.188
6
0.193
5
0.198
4
0.203
1
0.207
7
0.212
2
0.216
6
0.221
0
0.225
2
0.229
4
0.233
4
0.237
4
0.241
3
0.245
1
0.248
9
0.122
8
0.126
8
0.130
8
0.134
7
0.138
5
0.142
3
0.145
9
0.149
6
0.153
1
0.156
7
0.160
1
0.163
5
0.166
8
0.170
1
0.173
4
0.176
6
0.179
7
0.182
8
0.0854
0.0883
0.0911
0.0940
0.0968
0.0995
0.1022
0.1049
0.1075
0.1102
0.1127
0.1153
0.1178
0.1203
0.1227
0.1251
0.1275
0.1298
J.1.2.4 Coefficient K4 is taken equal:
K4=1.15 – at the location of the longitudinal axis of the cable structure at an angle greater than 45
° to the horizontal (vertical, inclined cable sewers, tunnels, corridors and cable shafts);;
K4=1.0 – in other cases.
J.1.3 In determining the estimated volume of the protected premises V is the volume of equipment
to be placed in it, is not deducted from the total volume
J.1.4 In presence of these full-scale tests in a protected area on extinguishing flammable
materials by the specific types of generators, performed in accordance with the procedure agreed
upon in due course, the total mass of the aerosol charge for protection of a given volume can be
determined based on the results of these tests.
J.2 Determination of total number of generators in the unit
J.2.1 Total number of generators N should be determined by the following condition: sum of
charge masses of all generators included into the unit should be not less as a total charge mass
calculated by formula (1):
100
m
гоаi
³ M АОС ,
(J.5)
where mгоаi – charge mass in one generator, kg.
J.2.2 In case of presence of uniform generators in AFEY, total number of GOA, items, should be
determined by formula
N³
M AOC
.
mГОА
(J.6)
The resulting fractional value of N is rounded to the nearest whole number.
K.2.3 It is recommended to adjust total number of generators N upward with account of
probability of activation of applicable generators to ensure reliability of a unit given by the
customer.
K.3 Determination of algorithm of generator start-up
K.3.1 Start-up of generators can be performed simultaneously (one group) or to reduce excess
pressure in the room by several groups without interruption in the supply of fire-extinguishing
aerosol.
The number of generators in the group n is determined on the condition of compliance with
K.3.2 and K.3.3 of this Annex.
K.3.2 During operation of each group of generators relative intensity of the aerosol delivery must
satisfy the condition
U³U* (see J.1.2.1 Annex J),
where U – relative intensity of aerosol delivery (relation of fire-extinguishing aerosol supply to
the normative fire-extinguishing capacity of this type of generators, U=I/qн), с-1;
I – supply intensity of extinguishing aerosol into the protected area (the ratio of the total mass of
the charge of EPA in a group of unit generators to the time of its operation and scope of the
protected premises), kg / (m3s)
J.3.3 Overpressure during the lifetime of the installation (see Annex К) shall not exceed the
maximum allowable pressure in the room (with account of glass).
If the requirements K.3.2 and K.3.3 of this Annex do not seem realizable, the use of aerosol fire
extinguishing units is forbidden.
Number of groups of generators J is determined on the condition that their total number in the
unit was not less than those determined in certain in J.2.1-J.2.3 of this Annex.
J.4 Determination of refined unit parameters
J.4.1 Unit parameters are subject to refining after determination of number of groups of
generators J and number of generators in a group by the formulas:
j  J in
N *   ni ³ N ;
(J.7)
j 1 i 1
iN
M *АОС  mГОАi ³ M АОС ;
(J.8)
i 1
jJ
 *АУАП   грi ,
(J.9)
j 1
where τ*АУАП – operation time of a unit (the interval of time from the moment of alarm signal for
start-up of generators in this group until the end of operation of the last generator), s;
τГР – operation time of a group of generators (the internal of time from the moment of alarm
signal for start-up of generators in this group until the end of operation of the last generator), s.
J.4.2 In order to avoid excess pressure in the room above the maximum permissible it is
necessary to calculate the pressure using the unit with the refined parameters for excess pressure in
101
the room in accordance with Annex K of this Code of Practice. If the resulting pressure exceeds the
maximum permissible, it is necessary to increase the time of unit operation, which can be achieved
by increasing the number of groups of generators of J with the corresponding decrease in the
number of generators in the group n and (or) the use of generators with a longer operating time. The
next step is to calculate revised parameters of the unit, starting with J.1 of Annex K to this Code of
Practive.
J.5 Determination of generator stock
Besides estimated amount of generators a unit should have 100% stock (for each GOA type).
If there are several on-site units of aerosol fire extinguishing generator stock is provided in an
amount sufficient to restore functionality of the unit activated in any of the protected areas of the
object.
Generators must be stored in a warehouse of an object or organization performing service
maintenance of the unit.
102
Annex K
(mandatory)
Method of calculation of excess pressure at supply of fire extinguishing aerosol into a premises
K.1 Excess pressure Рm, kPa, at supply of fire extinguishing aerosol into a premises δ=0 is
determined by the formula
Pm 
0,0265QM АОС
S АУАП

S АУАП

1  exp  0,0114  V



 ,

(K.1)
where Q - specific heat production upon operation of generators (the amount of heat produced
during operation of generators in the protected area, related to the unit mass of the AOC indicated
in the technical documentation for the generator), J / kg;
S – total area of building envelope of the protected premises (sum of areas of walls, floor and
ceiling of the protected premises), m2.
K.2 Excess pressure in unsealed rooms is determined by the formula
Рm=kАn,
(K.2)
where А – dimensionless parameter described by the expression
S

 QI
A  1,13  10 8  1  4,4  10 3 АУАП 
,
V  

(K.3)
k, n – coefficient constituting:
by 0.01£А£1.2 k=20 kPa, n=1.7;
by А>1.2 k=32 kPa, n=0.2.
If the parameter is А<0.01, pressure calculation is not performed. It is assumed that the unit
complies with the requirement of Рm<Pпред.
MAOC, АУАП, I, V,  are determined in accordance with Annex К.
103
Annex L
(recommended)
Selecting types of fire detectors depending on the purpose of protected premises and fire load
type
Table L.1
List of typical premises of production, technological processes
Type of fire
detector
1 Production buildings:
1.1 With production and storage of:
Wood resins, synthetic fibers, plastics, textiles, textile haberdashery, clothing,
footwear, leather, tobacco, fur, and pulp and paper products, celluloid, rubber,
rubber products, combustible X-ray video tapes, cotton
varnishes, paints, solvents, flammable liquids, combustible, lubricants, chemicals,
distilleries products
Alkali metals, metal powders
flour, feed and other products and materials releasing dust
1.2 with production of:
paper, cardboard, wallpaper, animal and poultry products
1.3. with storage:
Incombustible materials inflammable pack, solid flammable materials
Rooms with computers, radios, PBX
2 Special constructions:
2.1 Premises for cable installations, for transformers, distributing devices, switch
rooms
2.2 Premises for equipment and piping for the transfer of flammable liquids and
oils, testing internal combustion engines and fuel equipment, filling cylinders with
combustible gases
2.3 Premises of automobile maintenance companies
Smoke, heat,
flame
Smoke, flame
Flame
Heat, flame
Smoke, heat,
flame
Smoke, heat,
flame
Smoke
Smoke, heat
Flame, heat
Smoke, heat,
flame
3 Administrative, household and public buildings and constructions
3.1 Audience halls, rehearsal, lecture, reading and meeting rooms, behind the
scenes, lobby, halls, corridors, dressing rooms, stacks, files, space behind
suspended ceilings
3.2 Artistic, wardrobe, restoration workshops, film and light projecting rooms,
instrument rooms, darkroom
3.3 Administrative and household premises, computer centers, instrument panels,
accommodations
3.4 Hospital rooms, facilities of trade, public catering, service, rooms,
accommodation hotels and hostels
Smoke
Smoke, heat,
flame
Smoke, heat
Smoke, heat
Smoke, heat,
flame
3.5 Museum and exhibition premises
4 buildings and facilities with large volumes:
Atriums, production halls, warehouses, logistic centers, shopping facilities,
passenger terminals, stadiums and sports halls, circuses, etc.
5 Rooms with computers, radios, PBX, server rooms, Data and Call Centers, Data
Centers
104
Smoke
Smoke
Annex M
(recommended)
Areas for installation of manual fire alarm-initiating devices
depending on the purpose of buildings and premises
Table M.1
List of specific areas
Areas for installation
1 Industrial buildings, structures and facilities
(shops, warehouses, etc.)
1.1 Single-storey
Along escape routes, in corridors, at exits from
workshops, warehouses
1.2 Multi-storey
The same and on landings of each floor
2 Cable constructions (tunnels, floors, etc.)
At the entrance to the tunnel, on the floor, at
emergency exits from the tunnel, at tunnel
branching
3 Administrative, household and public buildings In corridors, lobbies, hallways, on landings, at
exits from the building
105
Annex N
(reference)
Defining a set time for fault finding and troubleshooting
О.1 The set time for fault finding and troubleshooting should not exceed 70% of the maximum
permitted time of the process suspension for routine maintenance.
O.2 The set time for fault finding and troubleshooting in the absence of limitations should not
exceed 70% of downtime agreed with the customer and determined on the basis of allowable
material loss due to production suspension.
O.3 The set time for fault finding and troubleshooting in the case when system functions can be
transferred to the staff shall not exceed 70% of the time determined on the basis of costs agreed
with the customer to pay the staff at the time of its performance of control functions.
106
Annex O
(recommended)
Distance from the top point of the ceiling to [10]the measuring element of alarm-initiating
device
Table O.1
Premises height, m
Less than 6
From 6 to 8
From 8 to 10
From 10 to 12
Distance from the flooring to the measuring device of alarm-initiating
device, mm
The canting angle of flooring, ang. Grad
Less than 15
From 15 to 30
More than 30
Min
max
min
Max
min
Max
30
200
200
300
300
500
70
250
250
400
400
600
100
300
300
500
500
700
150
350
350
600
600
800
107
Annex Р
(recommended)
Methods to improve the reliability of fire alarm signal
Р.1 The use of equipment that produces analysis of physical characteristics of fire factors and
(or) the dynamics of their changes and gives information about its technical condition (e.g.
dustiness).
R.2 The use of equipment and its operation modes, excluding the impact on the alarm-initiating
devices or loop lines of short-term factors not associated with fire.
108
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Keywords: automatic installation of fire suppression, fire detection, automatic fire alarms,
extinguishing agent, securable facility, list
___________________________
The text agrees with the original
109