!# " !$ % ∈ = + & $( & ) − %% − ∈ *! ) + + " . + =" − !" + != & = ! ∞ + = +∞ = +∞ +∞ " '! = ' ( &2 − + +∞ + ### + = + !0 " ! = & / " !0 " ! = ,- . ,- = ≠' " + , , $1 / = + + − & % ,- . # ,$ !) + + = % = & $ − − & = 2 2 + + + " + ### + " & % − ! & + + !2 + " = − + & +& & &2 + = +∞ ,3 + 4 +∞4 # , $1 + & & = + &2 + ### + " & !2 + " + ### + "− ! 2 + " ! ! / +∞ # ! " + +%% + ' = +∞ +∞ ( ' & ! ∞ # " '! = + $! 5 + % ,1 + . " + ,$ +/ + # − . " !0 0 = + . − = + " / ,) % ,7 % " / / / 8 )! : % , 1 + . + . +/ 6 ' $1! − % − / / & 1 ;+ % +. . + % 9! ' +∞ + %% . • > = ∈ & − = & = = = − & = + " = − − & = " ∈ ! ! ∈ " = & & / + & + % " ∈ !# ) %% • = & + <+ = = & + + +/ , % + % 8 + + ' ! + >' # + / + ! " ? & = & !# @ >' = # & ! " • ! = • $ − & • " !0 " ! = +∞ − & = & − + ∞ + • − − + = # & = − & +∞ & + + = & − = + & = & ( ]− A [ + • $1 ' + $1 ' + %B /. % = + + C + " C! & 0 = + + C D + " D! & = &" + + " & !! & = & " + & & + " − & = − & − & D + " & ! = " !0 " ! =− =− $ = &C C = −& = − 5! + C & C + " C ) • " • ) & !! ! ∞ + !0 " ! = " !0 "'! = ! " • + & − & # E & = − + = & = − & ∈ E ? F! 5 + + + = − = − & & + +% = = = + "&! 1 + ) " + != × × D D D (" ( (& "! " &! × × + + "+ $ " ! "&! " ! "& ! = & + "& ! = & × & " ! "& ! = + & & − + + + + − + − +& − + !" − + )= !+" + − − − + − + !" − − − + − ! − ) − + − − ) " + ! # " + != "&! %% . − +/++ " + != × + " + != × + $ + " ! × + × = $ " ! % × × +. = + &# & + + = " ! × + + ; = &# & × < × ! − D + = ) % + − = A & ∈ + & & − = A & & + = & & %% "& ! = $ & + ? )% + " ! "&! " + " + " + " + = & & & + − & & = + − & . . / !+ " − !=& × !− " − !=& × !+ !− " − !=& " − !=& × × + + % ! = + = − @ + + # > + + " 0 , ,+ % # + % + + + + ! ++ + % & +. =& "& ! % " & + + + + # ! + . - " ! ( # / ∞ + + ( # + + + + + ∞ # C $ . ∀ ∈ 0" ! = 0" ∀ ∈ $ = " !! 0" ! = + " " !! = + & " " !! & +. " / ! H ' ) = ∈ = #- . ⇔ > = & + / ± 1 $ = + + & ⇔ = + + & (+ ∀ ∈ [ ! # . = − = − =' & ⇔ ⇔ *! − − = ⇔ & −& & − & − = ' "+/ ⇔ + = + & (+ = ) + & + & ) " ! ( +∞[ # - ] ∞ + ∀ ∈ ] +∞[ ∞ + 0" ! = + [' +∞[ # +∞[ 0" " !! = " " !! = & " !! − " >' 0 = ∀ ∈ ] +∞[ ) = ∈ [ +∞[ # + & , ,+ - − 0" ! = = & − # / ='⇔ = + %+ . = . + & − = ⇔ & + −& & − = − & − G + $ $ + − ≥ ≥ ≥' + − & " + & − !" − & − != ! ≥ . = + & − = − ∀ ∈ [ +∞[ ! − ≤ " & & − ⇔ ⇔ (+ = = + & (+ = − " & ) − & − ) ! +% = +∞ ∀ ∈ ]− A [ ]− A [ ∞ + '=' 0" ! = 0" # H ' ! = − & " ! = − & ) - % + / = = − + − − 9 I + ∈ ]− A [ − & = × − J + . + ∀ ∈ ]− A [ & ( − & − + $ − ' + + − + & ( = & + & )= + − & + − & + $! = +%% − ∀ ∈ ]− A [ = L 4− A K L 4− A K 0" ! = L 4− A K = − . + − & + E & ) ∀ ∈ & + − + = & ) + − ! +% − +/ " ∀ ∈ + + − ##