! • " • # " • • # " " $ $ % → − + & %# & ' =# ( ← + ) * , * # → + + + $ + + # − + − →# * + + " = + # + ! + * + & . / +'0 − →# , 1 2 0+1 , ! 3 '+1 !! , " & , % * * % -, , ! !$ ( 4 4 , & -, , * 0 + −δ → + δ 4 + ' *$ , , ' *$ 0+( +( ' *$ & 10 & 1 & 1 * α× & 1 1 ) , * ! 1 * & 18 ' *$ * , , 2 ( 5 , 2 03 2 6 7 2 76 * + β × & 1. = ( & 10 & 1 8 97 1 * 3 9 & 1 276& & 1 , * !! * * ) 1 ∈ * * * α .β 26 2766 2 766& & 18 2 :66 ,; ⇔ ⇔ # 4 , * * * *$ , *$ , * < +7 = % + 3 +7 • + & 1 3 = & 1 2766& + = 3 • '1 2 3666 < +7 7 3 2 + 3 3 + 0+ + = 3 > 3 90 ' *$ , 2 ? & @ *$ + & 1 + , = +7 23:6& , , ) ∆ & 1 $ × *$ α &'0 + β & , A B A + = '+ + 0+ = * + α &'0 + ' 7666 0 36 β& + = '+ + 0+ 766 36 ∆ & 1' × α + ∆ & 1 = × + β + 1∆ & 10 × α = = −+ = ⇔ α − 9β = →α = 9 β= → 9 '0 + + = +' + + >0 + * " , & 2 ( : , , , , 4 4 4 ( * 4 ( ; & , , !! $ 4 4 & + 6 • - * 4 ⇔ ++ 1 ++ − → ⇔ 1 C → C ++ + + − C +3 4 +3 4 +3 C & 4 2 • - * ; 4 , • 2 * 6 +7 9 7 • C + 1 C C 1 . 4 $ ++ →C ++ ++ − + +0 +3 & ( ++ ( * &-− 1 , E * 3 − D ( , ⇔ 1 + ( * &- ⇔ ) " E1 '0 0 3%0+ 1 03%0+ 3 + 7 2 0+1 3 +0+ 1 0+ %0+ = $ + = 1 1 '0 0 +1 ( 4 0+ ( F G + = $ 0 '0 2 ( ( * &-− :1 * + %# 2H! %# %# 2 3 !* I 2 J !* K % , * !* ) , , % , , %# , '0 %# %# %# 1$ , 1$ 3 J 9 M * α ' " + &&& + β 0 + = %# + = γ# + &&& α 1 + 1 1 %# %# < − + × &&& × 10 1# γ β % 1 7 )N 7 2 5( 9O&D &* * D *$ , M 2 2 P>95L &* 7 M * * ! 2 +LQ 2 +P5( LD %# = %# × 1 1+P5( L + ( LPL × 1 1+P5( L + α × &&& × 10 1# γ + β α × &&& × 10 1# γ + β = ( LPL : ) +P5( LD %# . = %# !! , " " • -, & -, & • - * 4 , ; 3 0 %0+ , 3 * % +"* + -, 4 & * " , ! * $ 1 L =R 1D 0 + +1 = + %0 3 = 0 +1 %0 + − + = 0 + +1 %0 + − "* [ ] = [D ] = − + 7 = 0 + +1 %0 + + ( − 0 + + ( > + 3 + 7 2 +0 +1 T 7 3+ 1 − + S = (+95: ) +L° " - * , & * 3 M %M +3 M + %M ++ = (==: M + %M ++ - ! ' + ( > 1 +P5( L D * , TM TM + ++ S S * !* , 1 ! !$ & %# ( " * 3# + 2# M * 3 4 %# +%# $ + $ $ + ) , & 3 J 3# -, + 3 # +V + V + 3# 7 V# & 7 +3 + & & 4 * , 4 U + > < < +%# 4 4& > = $ ( ( > + ** α 1 1# β * * . $ & > N ) , ( * *W* ( $ &- + $ $ $ = 1 * = + $ & + ( , X & , , *W* $ * ( & * * , * 8 9 7 %8 3 L 7 3 50 +3 3+ 72 8 9 7 $ $ , = − 9 8 = + ++ 1 + A = % = T8 T8 = 1 − ( > 1 8 4 8 ( > − 9 %8 1 +3 9 − 9 8 − 9 ++ + % 1 1 = − % 8 ++ 9 ++ + 5 ST0 S S× 5 S − 9 8 − % 1 8 ++ %8 8 − 9 %8 ++ − + ( > T8 ++ L S − ( > T + ( > ++ − + 9 S T0 T8 ++ S+ 1 = − 9 %8 ++ % ++ % $ > ++ 1 % 8 − 9 %8 ++ − ++ % + 1 < < 3 +90+ S S> + − − 9 ++ T8 T +3 % T8 ( > L 3L + − ++ = %8 ++ +3 2 +8 ++ L ST − + 9 S T0 ++ 3 3 >0 ++ = 1 ( > + + % 3 +0+ 3L %8 1 =− 7 ( , ++ % ++ + = ( > = 28 8 ++ $ ( 1 4 3 = ++ %8 + − ⇔ +3 ( +8 * = 1 +3 8 − 9 %8 ( > ++ − ++ % 1 1 * %# ⇔ * 1 = + S> 4 * ! 3# 1+L° -, ! = ( > 1 − %# + # !Y − 2 + 3# 13 * X 7 + %# + , * 7 13 ! , & 3# +V * ! ( + > 9× ( > & + 3# 4& 4 ∆ DI 9 > × (+9: # % * M + %M 3 M ++ %M 1 +3 = (== : + * XM ( > 3 3 * [M ] > [M ] ⇔ + ++ *W* ( M . M + %M +3 ++ 2M TM + S TM ++ S M 3 − 3 %M 93 6 , " % M + %M +3 ++ TM TM = ( > * M ) , M 7 * + %M ++ < + ++ S > ⇔ S M + %M M + %M ++ > M + %M ++ ++ 4 +3 M + %M ++ 3 9+ % + = (== : = (=9: 93 * 4 14 7 M +3 93 3M +3 VM 3 5 3 3 Z < 8 − 9 %8 ++ ! = − 9 8 %8 − 9 T8 ++ + ( > L ++ + ( > L ++ − ( P> 4 ST0 T8 ++ S 3 0 + 5 S (L : = = 8 − 9 8 − 9 8 − 9 %8 %8 ⇔ * ** M - K I * − 9 8 %8 ( ( ( ( %8 > 8 M M − ( P> !! %# 1 1# ( > + %# β & & 1 * & * %# 4 * 4 & * M + %M ++ > = & & % * 4 + > ' − = [M 1 ' $ ( 67& 6+& % * + , 7 α ]− = 9− ++ + > ' − = [M 1 ' > ] = +9 + + − = M ++ [M 1 ' > ] − + − = [M 1 − M 66 % M 66 1 M 666 = [M 1 ' > ] + +3 9 % * ( M 666%M 66 M S S 8 8 % * * + ++ − 9 ++ * * %8 , , " = − 9 − ( P> ++ 4 %# T8 T8 ( > L + ++ S −5 S 1Π − J = " − 9 8 − 9 ++ T8 T8 ' > ]9− M 66 = [M 1 ' > ]9− M 666% M 66 P ⇔ M + %M ++ TM TM + ( > T M 666S = T M 66S ⇔ ⇔ M + %M ++ = ] − [M S = S S× ++ × TM M + • M ,$ , 3 3 67 V M +3 3 6+ • , 1 ' > + S = ++ S S M 66 + ( >1 M 666% + ( >1 ++ %M 1 ' − * + + − TM TM + ( > + ++ S S = ( L: ]9− '7 , '7 * X ! TM 1 ' >S97 3 6+ V TM 1 ' >S 7 3 67 4 T M 666S T M 66S + ( > M 666% M 66 + TM TM [M > ++ + × TM + ( > M 666% M 66 + $ M 666%TM 1 ' >S 7 * * ! M 666 M 666%TM 1 ' >S & 7 M 66 1 * "