5 التحولات المقرونة بالتفاعلات حمض - قاعدة في محلول مائي للتلميذ
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األعتبر أَىة ِشظٍ ِـــــــــــــبدح اٌـــــــــنــــــــُـــــــ ِـــــَـــــــبء ِغتىي اٌثبُٔخ ثىبٌىسَب شعجخ ايعٍىَ اٌتجشَجُخ -ع س اٌثبٔىَخ اٌتأهٍُُخ .................................................. الدرس الخامس 11صفحبد اٌــجـــضء ايثبٍٔ: اٌتحىالد غُش اٌىٍُخ ٌّجّىعخ وُُّبئُخ التحوالت المقرونة بالتفاعالت حمض -قاعدة في محلول مائي Transformations associées aux réactions acide – base en solution aqueuse .Iاٌتحًٍ اٌجشوتىٍٔ اٌزاتٍ ٌٍّبء .autoprotolyse :::3&0$ .1تعشَف: ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... 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..................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ٔ .2غجخ اٌتمذَ إٌهبئٍ ٌٍتحًٍ اٌجشوتىٍٔ اٌزاتٍ ٌٍّبء: أٔ .شبغ تجشَجٍ :1 )1 )2 )3 )4 )5 ّقجو أّٔ ػْذ ٝ ،25°Cغبٗ pH ٛاىَبء اىخبىص ٗ ، 7أُ مزيزٔ اىحغَٞخ ٕ.ρeau = 1000g/L ٜ أحغت مَٞخ اىَبدح اىجذئٞخ ىيزش ٗاحذ ٍِ اىَبء. ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ أّشئ اىغذٗه اى٘صف ٜىزفبػو اىزحيو اىجشٗرّ٘ ٜاىزار ٜىيَبء. ِعبدٌخ اٌتفبعً وُّبد اٌّبدح ثبٌّىي )(mol اٌتمذَ اٌحبٌخ 0 اٌجذئُخ x اٌىعطُخ xéq اٌتىاصْ حذد قَٞخ اىزقذً األقص.xmax ٚ ........................................................................................................................................ حذد قَٞخ اىزقذً ػْذ اىز٘اصُ .xéq ........................................................................................................................................ أحغت ّغجخ اىزقذً اىْٖبئ.τ ٜ ......................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................ 1 ة .خالصخ: ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... .3اٌجزاء األَىٍٔ ٌٍّبء: ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... ٍِحىظبد: ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .4اٌّحبًٌُ اٌحّعُخ و اٌمبعذَخ و اٌّحبَذح: أ .اٌّحبًٌُ اٌحّعُخ: ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ة .اٌّحبًٌُ اٌمبعذَخ: ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... ج .اٌّحبًٌُ اٌّحبَذح: ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... َٝنِ أُ ّيخص ٍب عجق ف ٜعيٌ pHاىَحبىٞو اىَبئٞخ اىَحص٘س ث 14.0 ٗ 0.0 ِٞػْذ دسعخ اىحشاسح :25°C 2 .5تطجُك :1 األعئٍخ - ٔ )1تىفش عٕذ 25°Cعًٍ ِحٍىي ِبئٍ )ٌ (SAه .pH = 3,2أوجذ اٌعاللخ ثُٓ ] [HOو pHثُ أحغت تشوُض أَىٔبد اٌهُذسووغُذ فٍ هزا اٌّحٍىي. -4 ٔ )2تىفش عٕذ 25°Cعًٍ ِحٍىي ِبئٍ ) (SBتشوُض أَىٔبد اٌهُذسووغُذ فٍ اٌّحٍىي هى .4,3.10 mol/L أوجذ لُّخ pHاٌّحٍىي. األجىثخ ................................................................................................................................................... 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................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................. .IIاٌثبثتخ اٌحّعُخ ٌّضدوجخ لبعذح /حّط: .1تعشَف: ّؼجش ػِ رفبػو حَض اىَضدٗعخ ٍ HA/A-غ اىَبء ثبىَؼبدىخ اىزبىٞخ.................................................................................. : فبػو ة ـ رغَ ٚصبثزخ اىز٘اصُ اىَ٘افقخ ىَؼبدىخ اىذ ٝ ٗ..................................................شٍض ىٖب ثبىشٍض ،.......ثحٞش: ٍِحىظبد: ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .2اٌعاللخ ثُٓ pHو ٌّ pkAضدوجخ :HA/A- ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 3 .3اٌثبثتخ اٌحّعُخ ٌّضدوجتٍ اٌّبء: ثبٌٕغجخ ٌٍّضدوجخ )......................................................................................... :H3O+(aq)/H2O(l ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ثبٌٕغجخ ٌٍّضدوجخ )........................................................................................... :H2O(l)/HO-(aq ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .4ثبثتخ اٌتىاصْ اٌّمشؤخ ثتفبعً حّط – لبعذح: ّؼزجش اىزفبػو حَض – قبػذح فٍ ٜحي٘ه ٍبئ ٜىنو ٍضدٗعخ ٍِ ث ِٞاىَضدٗعز: ِٞ ثحٞش: AH2/A-2 , AH1/A-1 ثبٌٕغجخ ٌٍّضدوجخ (............................................................................................................. :)1 ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ثبٌٕغجخ ٌٍّضدوجخ (............................................................................................................. :)2 ........................................................................................................................................... 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........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ .5تطجُك :2 األعئٍخ ِْضج ِحٍىال ِبئُب إلَتبٔىاد اٌصىدَىَ )) (Na+(aq)+CH3COO-(aqو وٍىسوس األِىُٔىَ ))(NH4+(aq)+Cl-(aq )1أوتت ِعبدٌخ اٌتفبعً ثُٓ ) CH3COO-(aqو ).NH4+(aq )2أحغت ثبثتخ اٌتىاصْ ٌٍتفبعً اٌحبصً. ٔعطٍ عٕذ pKA2(CH3CO2H/CH3COO )=4,75 ; pKA1(NH4+/NH3)=9,2 :25°C 4 األجىثخ ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................. .IIIعٍىن األحّبض و اٌمىاعذ فٍ ِحٍىي ِبئٍ. .1عٍىن األحّبض فٍ ِحٍىي ِبئٍ: أٔ .شبغ تجشَجٍ :2 ٍ ، 25°Cحي٘ىٍ ِٞبئِٞٞ S2 ٗ S1ىحَض AH2 ٗ AH1 ِٞىَٖب ّفظ اىزشمٞض اىَ٘ى:ٜ ّقجو أّٔ ػْذ C=0,01mol/L -5 .pH1=3,4 – KA1= 1,6.10 – :AH1 حَض اإلٝزبّ٘ٝل CH3COOH -5 .pH2=2,8 – KA2= 6,3.10 :AH2 حَض اىجْضٗٝل – C6H5COOH )1أّشئ اىغذٗه اى٘صف ٜىزفبػو اىحَض AHىيَضدٗعخ ٍ AH/Aغ اىَبء. ِعبدٌخ اٌتفبعً وُّبد اٌّبدح ثبٌّىي )(mol اٌتمذَ اٌحبٌخ 0 اٌجذئُخ x اٌىعطُخ xéq اٌتىاصْ )2اعزْزظ ّغجخ اىزقذً اىْٖبئ τ ٜثذالىخ pH ٗ Cاىَحي٘ه .صٌ أحغت قَٞزٖب ثبىْغجخ ىيحَض.AH2 ٗ AH1 ِٞ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ )3أحغت اىضبثزخ pKAىنو حَض. ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ )4أٗعذ اىؼالقخ ثّ ِٞغجخ اىزقذً اىْٖبئ ٗ τ ٜاىضبثزخ اىحَضٞخ .KA ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ٍ )5برا رغزْزظ ػيَب أُ حَض اىجْضٗٝل أق٘ ٍِ ٙحَض اإلٝضبّ٘ٝل؟ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ....................................................................................................................................... 5 ة .خالصخ: ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... .2عٍىن اٌمىاعذ فٍ ِحٍىي ِبئٍ: أٔ .شبغ تجشَجٍ :3 ٍ ، 25°Cحي٘ىٍ ِٞبئِٞٞ S2 ٗ S1ىقبػذر A-2 ٗ A-1 ِٞىَٖب ّفظ اىزشمٞض اىَ٘ى:ٜ ّقجو أّٔ ػْذ C=0,01mol/L -10 .pH1=10,6 KA1= 6,3.10 – :A 1 األٍّ٘ٞبك NH3 -11 .pH2=11,4 KA2= 2,0.10 ٍٞ :A-2 ضٞو أٍ– CH3NH2 ِٞ )1أّشئ اىغذٗه اى٘صف ٜىزفبػو اهقبػذح A-ىيَضدٗعخ ٍ AH/A-غ اىَبء. ِعبدٌخ اٌتفبعً وُّبد اٌّبدح ثبٌّىي )(mol اٌتمذَ اٌحبٌخ 0 اٌجذئُخ x اٌىعطُخ xéq اٌتىاصْ )2اعزْزظ ّغجخ اىزقذً اىْٖبئ τ ٜثذالىخ pH ٗ Cاىَحي٘ه ٗ .Keصٌ أحغت قَٞزٖب ثبىْغجخ ىيحَض.A-2 ٗ A-1 ِٞ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ )3أحغت اىضبثزخ pKAىنو حَض. ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ )4أٗعذ اىؼالقخ ثّ ِٞغجخ اىزقذً اىْٖبئ ٗ τ ٜاىضبثزخ اىحَضٞخ .KA ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ٍ )5برا رغزْزظ ػيَب أُ ٍٞضٞو أٍ ِٞأق٘ ٍِ ٙاألٍّ٘ٞبك؟ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ....................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... 6 ة .خالصخ: ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... ِ .IVجبالد اٌهُّٕخ و ِخطػ تىصَع األٔىاع اٌحّعُخ و اٌمبعذَخ فٍ ِحٍىي ِبئٍ. ِ .1جبالد هُّٕخ األٔىاع اٌحّعُخ و اٌمبعذَخ ٌّضدوجخ :A/B ّؼزجش اىْ٘ػ ِٞاىنَٞٞبئ ،ِٞٞاىحَض ) ٗ AH(aqقبػذرٔ اىَشافقخ ) A-(aqفٍ ٜحي٘ه ٍبئ ،ٜحٞش ٝحقق pHاىَحي٘ه A− اىؼالقخ اىزبىٞخ.pH = pK A + log( HA éq ) : éq ّ ق٘ه أُ اٌحّط َهُّٓ إرا مبُ ........................................................................: [AH]éq > [A-]éq ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... ّ ق٘ه أُ اٌمبعذح تهُّٓ إرا مبُ ...................................................................... : [AH]éq < [A-]éq ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ّ ق٘ه أُ ٌُظ هٕبن هُّٕخ إرا مبُ ....................................................................: [AH]éq = [A-]éq ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... َٝنِ أُ ّيخص ٍب عجق ف ٜعيٌ pHاىَحبىٞو اىَبئٞخ اىَحص٘س ث 14.0 ٗ 0.0 ِٞػْذ دسعخ اىحشاسح :25°C 7 ِ .2خطػ تىصَع األٔىاع اٌحّعُخ و اٌمبعذَخ ٌّضدوجخ :A/B ِخطػ تىصَع اىحَض ٗ اىقبػذح اىَشافقخ ىَضدٗعخ ٕ٘ ،A/B اىَْح ِٞٞاىََضي ِٞىزغٞشاد اىْغجز ِٞاىَئ٘ٝز ِٞىيشني ِٞاىحَضٗ ٜاىقبػذٛ ىيَضدٗعخ ثذالىخ .pH ٗ َٝنِ حغبة اىْغجخ اىَئ٘ٝخ ىنو شنو ثبعزؼَبه اىؼالقزِٞ اىزبىٞز:ِٞ ػْذ رقبطغ ٍْحٍ ٜٞخطط اىز٘صٝغ رنُ٘ مو ٍِ ّغجخ اىحَض ٗ ،p(A) = p(B) = 50%أ ٛأُ ّغجخ اىقبػذح ٍزغبٗٝز ِٞثحٞش رشمٞضَٖٝب ٍزغبٗ ٗ ،ِٞٝثبىزبى ٜفئُ.pH = pKA : .3تطجُك عًٍ اٌىىاشف اٌٍّىٔخ اٌحّعُخ و اٌمبعذَخ: أ .تعشَف: لبعذح /اٌحّطّ ،شٍض ىٖب ػبٍخ ثــ اٌىبشف اٌٍّىْ اىحَض – ٜاىقبػذ ٕ٘ ٛػجبسح ػِ ٍضدٗعخ )) ٗ ، (HInd(aq)/Ind-(aqرزَٞض ثبخزالف ىّ٘ ٜاىشني ِٞاىحَض ٗ ٜاىقبػذ ٛفٍ ٜحي٘ه ٍبئ.ٜ رنزت ٍؼبدىخ رفبػو ٍ HIndغ اىَبء مبىزبى:ٜ 𝐈𝐧𝐝− )Ind-(aq) + H3O+(aq ) HInd(aq) + H2O(lأ ٛأُ: ) 𝐪.𝐩𝐇 = 𝐩𝐊 𝐀𝑰𝒏𝒅 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠( 𝐇𝐈𝐧𝐝 é 𝐪é ة .إٌىع اٌّهُّٓ – ِٕطمخ االٔعطبف: ٝشعغ ىُ٘ اىنبشف اىَيُ٘ ثبىْ٘ع اىَٖ HInd َِٞأٗ Ind-ف ٜاىَحي٘ه ،أ ٛثقَٞخ ٕ ٗ ، pHنزا َٝنِ أُ َّٞض ثِٞ صالس حبالد: ٝ أخز اىنبشف ىُ٘ شنئ اىحَض ٜإرا مبُ < −1 éq Ind − éq HInd logأ ٛأُ :ٍْٔ ٗ pH – pKAInd < -1 ٝ أخز اىنبشف ىُ٘ شنئ اىقبػذ ٛإرا مبُ >1 éq Ind − éq HInd [HInd]éq > 10.[Ind-]éqأ ٛأُ 1 10 < éq HInd أٛ .pH < pKAInd – 1 [Ind-]éq > 10.[HInd]éqأ ٛأُ > 10 logأ ٛأُ :ٍْٔ ٗ pH – pKAInd > 1 éq Ind − éq Ind − éq HInd أٛ .pH > pKAInd + 1 إرا مبُ ٝ pKAInd – 1 < pH < pKAInd + 1غَٕ ٚزا اىَغبه ثّٕطمخ االٔعطبف ٌٍىبشف اٌٍّىْ، رزَٞض ٕزٓ اىَْطقخ ثؼذً َْٕٞخ أ ٛشنو ف ٜاىَحي٘ه ثَؼْ ٚأُ ، [HInd]éq = [Ind-]éqمَب أُ ٕزا اىنبشف ٝأخز ىْ٘ٝخ حغبعخ ٗعٞطخ ث ِٞىّ٘ ٜاىشنو اىحَض ٗ ٜاىشنو اىقبػذ.ٛ ج .ثعط اٌىىاشف اٌٍّىٔخ و ِجبالد أعطبفهُ: اٌىبشف اٌٍّىْ اٌهٍُُبٔتُٓ أصسق اٌجشوِىتُّىي أحّش اٌىشَضوي فُٕىي اٌفتبٌُٓ أصفش األٌُضآٌُ اٌٍىْ وسدٌ أصــــفـــش أصــــفـــش ال ٌىْ ٌه أصــــفـــش 8 ِجبي االٔعطبف 4.4 3.1 7.5 6 8.6 7.3 10 8.3 12 10.3 اٌٍىْ أصــــفـــش أصسق أحــــّـــش وسدٌ ثٕفغجٍ .Vاٌّعبَشح اٌحّعُخ – اٌمبعذَخ. .1تعشَف: ٍؼبٝشح اىحَضٞخ – اىقبػذٝخ ٕ ٜرحذٝذ رشمٞض اىحَض أٗ اىقبػذح فٍ ٜحي٘ه ٗ ،رىل ػِ طشٝق إعشاء رفبػو حَض – قبػذحٝ .غَٕ ٚزا اىزفبػو ثزفبػو اىَؼبٝشح .ثبػزجبس أُ اىَحي٘ه اىَؼبِٝش ٕ٘ ٗ Bاىَحي٘ه اىَؼبَٝش ٕ٘ ،Aفئُ )→ C(aq) + D(aq ٍؼبدىخ اىزفبػو ٕ ٜمبٟر:ٜ )A(aq) + B(aq ٍِ ٍَٞضاد رفبػو اىَؼبٝشح أّٔ: تفبعً وٍٍٝ :ز٘قف ثبخزفبء مي ٜألحذ اىَزفبػي ِٞػي ٚاألقو ،أ ٛأُ .τ=1 تفبعً عشَعٝ :ز٘قف رط٘سٓ ثؼذ ٍذح صٍْٞخ قصٞشح ٍِ ثذاٝخ اىزفبػو. تفبعً أتمبئٍٝ :زفبػو اىْ٘ع اىَؼبِٝش ٍغ اىْ٘ع اىَؼبَٝش فقط. .2اٌتىبفؤ اٌحّعٍ – اٌمبعذٌ: ٝحصو اىزنبفؤ ػْذ ٍضط اىْ٘ػ ِٞاىَؼبِٝش ٗ اىَؼبَٝش ثْغت ٍ٘افقخ ىيَؼبٍالد اىزْبعجٞخ ىَؼبدىخ رفبػو اىَؼبٝشح .أٍب ف ٜحبىخ ٍؼبٍالد رْبعجٞخ ٍغبٗٝخ ٗ ػْذ اىزنبفؤ ّغذ أُ ni(A) = nE(B) :أ ٛأُ ٍ CA.VA = CB.VB,Eغ VB,Eحغٌ اىَحي٘ه اىَؼبِٝش اىَضبف ػْذ اىزنبفؤ. ٗ رزٌ ٍؼيَخ رنبفؤ اىَؼبٝشح ثزغٞش ٍفبعئ ىَقذاس فٞضٝبئ ٜقبثو ىيَالحظخ أٗ اىقٞبطٍْٖ ،ب ٍضال :قٞبط اىَ٘اصيخ، قٞبط pHاىَحي٘ه ،ىُ٘ اىنبشف اىَيُ٘ ف ٜاىَحي٘ه (اىَؼبٝشح اىَي٘اّٞخ)... .3اٌّعبَشح ثمُبط :pH ىَؼبٝشح حَض Aثقبػذح Bثقٞبط ( pHأٗ قبػذح B ثحَض ّ ،)Aزجغ اىخط٘اد اىزبىٞخ: ّؼ ِٞث٘اعطخ ٍبصخ حغَب ٍِ VAاىَحي٘ه اىَؼبَٝش ر ٛاىزشمٞض ٍ CAغٖ٘ه ٗ ّصجٔ ف ٜمأط. ّضٞف إىٍ ٚحز٘ ٙاىنأط قيٞال ٍِ اىَبء اىَقطش ٗ ّغَش فٍ ٔٞغظ عٖبص ٍ – pHزش ،صٌ ّشغو اىَحشاك اىَغْبطٞغ ٜىغؼو اىخيٞط ٍزغبّغب. َّأل عحبحخ ٍذسعخ ثبىَحي٘ه اىَؼبِٝش ر ٛاىزشمٞض CB ٍؼشٗف. ّصت رذسٝغٞب ث٘اعطخ اىغحبحخ اىَحي٘ه اىَؼبِٝش ّٗقٞظ pHاىخيٞط ػْذ مو إضبفخ. ّذُٗ ف ٜعذٗه ،اىحغٌ اىَضبف ٍِ VBاىَحي٘ه اىَؼبِٝش ٗ pHاىخيٞط ػْذ مو إضبفخ ،صٌ ّخط اىَْحْٚ ).pH=f(VB ِ .4عبَشح حّط ثمبعذحِ( :عبَشح ِحٍىي حّط اإلَثبٔىَه ثّحٍىي هُذسووغُذ اٌصىدَىَ) ّصت ف ٜمأط حغَب ٍ ٍِ VA=20mLحي٘ه حَض اإلٝضبّ٘ٝل CH3CO2Hرشمٞضٓ ّ .CAضٞف إى ٔٞرذسٝغٞب ث٘اعطخ عحبحخ أحغبٍب ٍخزيفخ ٍ ٍِ VBحي٘ه ٕٞذسٗمغٞذ اىص٘د (Na+ + HO-) ً٘ٝرشمٞضٓ ّٗ CB=0,02mol/Lقٞظ ث٘اعطخ ٍ – pHزش pHاىخيٞط ثؼذ مو إضبفخ ،صٌ ّذُٗ اىْزبئظ اىَحصو ػيٖٞب ف ٜاىغذٗه اىزبى:ٜ )VB(mL pH 0 3,4 2 4,2 4 4,6 6 4,8 8 5 9 5,4 9,4 5,7 9,6 6 10 8,3 9,8 6,2 10,2 10,1 10,4 10,4 10,6 10,6 11 10,8 12 11,1 14 11,3 16 11,5 18 11,6 20 11,7 )1أمزت ٍؼبدىخ رفبػو اىَؼبٝشح. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 9 ٍ )2ضو اىَْحْ pH = f(VB) ٚصٌ حيئ. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… )3حذد إحذاصٞبد ّقطخ اىزنبفؤ .E ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………….... )4أحغت اىزشمٞض .CA ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………….... ِ .5عبَشح لبعذح ثحّطِ( :عبَشح ِحٍىي األِىُٔبن NH3ثّحٍىي حّط اٌىٍىسَذسَه) ّصت ف ٜمأط حغَب ٍ ٍِ VB=20mLحي٘ه األٍّ٘ٞبك NH3رشمٞضٓ ّ .CBضٞف إى ٔٞرذسٝغٞب ث٘اعطخ عحبحخ أحغبٍب ٍخزيفخ ٍ ٍِ VAحي٘ه حَض اىني٘سٝذسٝل ) (H3O+ + Cl-رشمٞضٓ ّ ٗ CA=0,02mol/Lقٞظ ث٘اعطخ – pH ٍزش pHاىخيٞط ثؼذ مو إضبفخ ،صٌ ّذُٗ اىْزبئظ اىَحصو ػيٖٞب ف ٜاىغذٗه اىزبى:ٜ )VA(mL pH 0 10,6 2 9,9 4 9,5 6 9,1 8 8,7 9 8,35 9,4 8,1 9,6 7,7 9,8 7,6 10 5,75 10,2 3,9 10,4 3,8 10,6 3,4 11 3,2 12 2,9 14 2,6 16 2,5 18 2,4 20 2,3 )1أمزت ٍؼبدىخ رفبػو اىَؼبٝشح. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ٍ )2ضو اىَْحْ pH = f(VA) ٚصٌ حيئ. 10 ………………………………………………………………………………………...... ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… )3حذد إحذاصٞبد ّقطخ اىزنبفؤ .E ………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………….... )4أحغت اىزشمٞض .CB ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… .6اعتعّبي اٌىبشف اٌٍّىْ ٌتحذَذ ٔمطخ اٌتىبفؤ: َٝنِ رحذٝذ حغٌ اىزنبفؤ ثبعزؼَبه مبشف ٍيُ٘ ٍْبعت ثذه اىـ ٍ – pHزش ،رغَٕ ٚزٓ اىطشٝقخ ثبىَؼبٝشح اىَي٘اّٞخ. أٍب اىنبشف اىَيُ٘ اىَالئٌ ىيَؼبٝشح اىحَضٞخ – اىقبػذٝخ ٕ٘ ،رىل اىزٍ ٛغبه اّؼطبفٔ ٝضٌ ّ pHقطخ اىزنبفؤ أ.pHE ٛ 11