!" # " $ & % % ' (> ) ' # * * # % * + , + -. / - 0 % , + ! * 1. / & %, 2 % , */ 1 0 / # & 6 6 3 3 3 = & ' ! "" 5 3 3 = 3 % 3 = 3 3 = 3 3 3 = & 3 = × & & & 0 $ % % ! " * % " "! 6 6 & % ) = − & & = = 8 & − =; / 6 " %) × 8 & , ' 4 " # :9%7 % %' 6 = 227 & − 6 = ' = & # " $" # < = ' = 3? ) = / = 2 3>% 2> >7 @ = = 33 : :, &/ 3 . " A / $ = B . = / % = " ' = " C = " = B = &, ' % = A ' % / % % = 3 C = B = = = % D = ' = = = = * % = 3; E % & − * = > = < F * " * $ / & 1 > F & F * = % = / . =2% < ⇔ <2 = ⇔ =2 > ⇔ >2 * % $ ∂ ∂ * # " * % * + . 0 < G C / / < * $ % , G ≈ 2% 0 $ / H * / " # / H ≠2 % / * * % , % < ↓ ω ↓ < G% −ω = 3 ω≈ 3 ! & 3 % / / 3 " 3 , / & : = π &3 * − = I & = < = = − & : J = % / % J & − J = J ⇔& + J & − = & . & + × G * / H & % * I % / × / * ⇔ * − + < J − J G = : ) F 2 +∞ &$ "! J 2 & − ≈ ' ' − 2% J % K % = / H +∞ % 6 ) = + K % + = ' + =2⇔ − J J J − =2⇔ J − = J + & + + & = J − = + + & & − + & J = '" ∂ ∂ α= "" # " χ =− [χ ] = 0 ∂ ∂ " L2 "" # & " % % [α ] = 7 − % =α × × $ % − & 0 " L2 = −χ × × $ % + I! 6 " = α= 3 6 A = ∂ ∂ = = < ) %' χ =− ∂ ∂ = ∂ ∂ =− × − ! "" 0 = J # α= " " α= % χ = = J = * * % $ ⇔ = & = & + !& = !& × > % " χ =− $ = = #& × = ⇔− ! / × $& % = × " − & ⇔ × $& / = × = = #& = = = × #& ⇔ × = + "& & & / & = "& × / × - 0 ' = I = =− χ * % =∂ ∂ +∂ ∂ =α × × χ ≈2 & & ! χ & * = : :% 2 − 2 $ %α @ −χ × × 0 % ' # − 4 # ≈2 %' # + I % " = ∂ ∂ + ∂ ∂ = =2 =