"!$#&%'(*)*+-,/..-0$132546879.;:<.>=?,@>.A B0DCE79'(*.;FD.G79CH(*)*C 1JI97KIL)*@.-0$132546879.;:<.>=M,/@-. N&O-P*QSRUTVRUPW N&XY[Z TVPUQ\V]_^`XS]baETc\VTcXdeZ P*^f^`g ^`XhUi_Pj^kZ PmlLnbo[RpXTVnbo[^qZEPXSQS]bo[^`lLPUQXk^YETVrM]so>XPj^ut bvqw-g ^`XhUi_PW H(s) = x vqw-g ^`XhUi_P x H(s) = y vqw-g ^`XhUi_P y H(s) = 1+s (s + 2)(s2 − 5s + 4) s4 s4 + 2s3 + 3s3 1 + 3s2 + 8s + 3 5(2 − s) + 2s2 + 6s + 1 N&O-P*QSRUTVRUP x z o{RUnbo[^T|Z hUQSPkZ P*^&^g ^}XShUi_P*^3]b^S^`P*Qr-T|^DZEnbo>X&\cPj^~lLn8o[R XSTcn8o[^&Z PXSQS]bo[^}lLP*Q`X&P*o_an8Y[Rp\VPqnbY[rbPUQXPk^nbo>X3Z n8oEoEdUPj^&RpTcZ P*^S^`n8Y[^*v z o ZEPUiW]so[ZEPZ dpXSY[Z TVPUQ\V] ^`XS]baETV\cTcXdPUo{a5nbY[RU\cPqlLPUQSid*PZ PRpP*^^g-^`Xh*i_P*^&P*o_lLnbo[RpXTVnboZEY{8]bTcoW5n8^TXSTl K PpXZEPf\|] Rpn8o[^}X]so>XP ZEPXSPUi_[^ T ^PU\VnboH\cPWRU]8^SfPUoHY XSTc\VTV^S]so>Xu\cPWRUQTcXh*QP_Z PWknbYEXv z oHEQSd*RpT|^PUQ]{\ dj8Y]MXTVnboHRU]bQS]8R Xd*QT|^`XT|8Y[PZ Y^`g ^`Xh*iP ]8^^PUQSr-TKv bvqw-g ^`XhUi_PW HBO (s) = x vqw-g ^`XhUi_P x HBO (s) = y vqw-g ^`XhUi_P y HBO (s) = K s(s + 3)(s + 4) s3 + K + 8s + 5 5s2 K(1 + T s) s(1 + s)(1 + 0.5s) N&O-P*QSRUTVRUP y w nbTcX{\cP;EQSn RpPj^^Y[^_]b^S^`P*Qr-TkZ P;\|][bYEQSPbv&P*^_lLn8o[R XSTcn8o[^WZ P XQ]so^}lLP*Q`X_Tco>XSPUQSrbPUo]so>X{ZE]so[^WRUP;^REd*iW]H^nbo>X{Z dU[oETVP*^ RUTZ Pj^^nbY[^ut 1 1 H(s) = C(s) = 2 (1 + T s) 1 + nT s ]?r8P*R K YEo8]bTcor?]bQT|]sa[\cPmXP*\>YEP K > 0 T > 0 PUX n > 0 v yc +− K H(s) y C(s) L^REd*iW]Z ]b^S^PUQSr>T|^S^`P*iP*o>X bvN3RUQTVQP\|]qlLn8o[R XSTcn8oZ PXSQS]bo[^}lLP*Q`XJZ Y_^`g ^`XhUi_PPUoan8Y[Rp\VPlLPUQSi_dUPPpX&Z nbo[oEPUQJ\ dj8Y]MXTVnboRU]bQS]8R Xd*QT|^`XT|8Y[PZ Y_^`g ^`Xh*iP ]b^S^PUQSr>Tv x vfYEP*\c\VPuP*^`Xq\V]_Rpn8o[Z TcXTVnboZ P ^`XS]sa[Tc\VTXSd Z PeRpP ^g ^}XShUi_Pe]b^S^`P*Qr-Tj y vfYEP*\c\VPuP*^`Xq\V]rM]s\VPUYEQkiW]sO-TViW]s\VPeZ Y8]sTVoZEP K 5nbY[Qq8Y[Pe\cP ^g ^}XShUi_Pe^`n8TXq^`XS]sa[\cPuPUo;>YEP*\>YEP ^`n8TX n x N&O-P*QSRUTVRUPe N&XY[Z TVPUQ\V]^`XS]baETc\VTcXdWPUoa5nbY[RU\cP_lLP*Qi_d*P QPUXn8YEQeYEoETcXS]bTcQSPjuZ Pj^ ^g-^`Xh*i_P*^e]b^S^PUQSr>T|^mPUoY XSTc\VTV^S]so>X \VP*^un8Y XTV\V^ bQ]sEET|>YEP*^ ]bEEQSnbEQSTVd*^ Z ]so]s\Vg-^PZ P"^}X]saETV\VTXSd RUQTcXh*QPZ Pfg->YET|^`X RpQSTXShUQSPZ Y/QSPUr8PUQ^SpvPj^ lLn8o[R XSTcn8o[^¡ZEP{XQ]so^}lLP*Q`X¡P*o/a5nbY[RU\cP n8YErbP*Q`XSPe^`n8o8XkQSP*^PjR XSTcr8PUi_PUo>Xet bvqw-g ^`XhUi_PW x vqw-g ^`XhUi_P x y vqw-g ^`XhUi_P y [vqw-g ^`XhUi_Pe ¢ vqw-g ^`XhUi_P ¢ HBO (s) = HBO (s) = K , K > 0, T > 0 (1 + T s) K , K > 0, T1 > T2 > 0 (1 + T1 s)(1 + T2 s) HBO (s) = K , K > 0, T > 0 s(1 + T s) HBO (s) = K , K > 0, T > 0 s2 (1 + T s) HBO (s) = K , K > 0, T1 > T2 > 0 s(1 + T1 s)(1 + T2 s) N&O-P*QSRUTVRUP ¢ w nbTcXmYEoH]sY XSQP_^g-^`Xh*i_P]b^S^PUQSr>TDZ nbo>Xu\cP_^SREdUiW]Z ]8^^PUQSr-TV^S^`P*i_PUo>XfP*^`XmRUPU\VYET~Z P\V][bY[QP¡PpXeZ n8o8Xu\VP*^lLnbo[RpXTVnbo[^mZ P XSQS]bo[^`lLPUQXk^nbo>XqZ dU[oETVP*^k[]bQet H(s) = 1+s s(s − 1)(s + 3) C(s) = 1 bvN~XSY[Z TVPUQq\|]_^}X]saETV\cTcXd ZEY^g ^}XShUi_Pe£_]b^S^`P*Qr-TVQ*v x vk¤nboEoEP*Qk\K PpO EQSP*^S^Tcn8oZ Pe\|]lLnbo[RpXTVnbo;Z PmXQ]so[^`lLPUQXkPUoa5nbY[RU\cPmlLPUQSi_dUP8v y vN~XSY[Z TVPUQq\|]_^}X]saETV\cTcXd ZEY^g ^}XShUi_Pe]b^S^`P*Qr-T¥PUoY XSTc\VT|^]bo8Xk\VP RpQSTXShUQSPmZEP knbY XSv [vqw-Tkn8o¦Z P*r?]bTX{]bEE\VTV>YEP*Q\VP;RpQSTXShUQSP"ZEPfg 8Y[TV^`X Z n8oEoEP*Q\VP"oEnbiaEQPZ P"Xn8YEQ^PU§5PjR XSYEd[]sQ_\VPZETV]bbQ]si_i_PZ P qg >YET|^}XfZEY^g ^}XShUi_PuPUo"an8Y[Rp\VPenbY[rbPUQXPu]sYEXnbY[Qq Z Yn8Tco>XfRpQSTcXT|8Y[Pbv ¢ vk¤nboEoEP*Q\K ]s\V\cY[QPuZ YZ TV]bbQ]si_i_PZ Pefg->YET|^`XkZEY"^g ^}XShUi_PP*oa5nbYRp\VPmn8YErbP*Q`XSPfP*oEQSd*RUTV^S]so>X\V]5n8^TXSTcn8oZ Y"n8Tco>X RpQSTcXT|8Y[PbvMN&o_Z d*ZEYETcQSP\V]mRpn8o[Z TcXTVnbo_Z Pk^}X]saETV\VTXSdZEY^g ^}XShUi_PP*oa5nbYRp\VPlLP*Qi_d*PP*oYEXTV\cT|^]bo>XD\VPkRpQSTXShUQSPZ Pkfg->YET|^`X*v ¨ nbi_[]bQP*Qk]sY"Qdj^`YE\cXS]sXqZ Pe\V]_>YEPj^}XSTcn8o y v