sciences-se-bac2018

Telechargรฉ par Ahmed Samnane
๎†จ๎ˆˆ๎†ฆ๎‡ ๎‡Œ๎‡ณ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎†จ๎ˆˆ๎‡—๎‚ฆ๎‡‚๎‡ฌ๎…ป๎†พ๎‡ณ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎†จ๎ˆ‡๎‡‚๎†Ÿ๎‚ฆ๎‡„๎…ช๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎†จ๎ˆ‡๎‚ฐ๎ˆ‚๎ˆ€๎‡ธ๎…ช๎‚ฆ
๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎†จ๎ˆˆ๎‡ผ๎‡—๎ˆ‚๎‡ณ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎†จ๎ˆˆ๎†ฅ๎…—๎‡ณ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎‚จ๎‚ฐ๎‚ฆ๎‚ฑ๎ƒ‚๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‡ณ๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡—๎ˆ‚๎‡ณ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎‚ฆ๎ˆ‚๎ˆ‡๎†พ๎‡ณ๎‚ฆ๎ˆ๎‚ฉ๎†ข๎‡ฌ๎†ฅ๎†ข๎‡ˆ๎…ญ๎‚ฆ๎ƒ‚๎€ƒ๎‚ฉ๎Šญ๎†ข๎†ธ๎†ฌ๎‡ท๎€ƒ
๎ƒ€๎†ข๎†ธ๎†ฌ๎‡ท๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎Šฎ๎‚ฐ๎ˆ‚๎‡ณ๎†ข๎‡ฐ๎†ฅ ๎ƒ„๎ˆ‚๎‡ป๎†ข๎†ฐ๎‡ณ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎‡ถ๎ˆˆ๎‡ด๎‡ ๎†ฌ๎‡ณ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ ๎€ƒ ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€๎‚จ๎‚ฐ๎ƒ‚๎‚ฎ2018
๎€๎†จ๎†ฆ๎‡ ๎‡Œ๎‡ณ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎†จ๎ˆˆ๎†ฆ๎ˆ‡๎‡‚๎…ก๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎ˆ‚๎‡ด๎‡Ÿ ๎€ƒ
๎€๎‚จ๎‚ฎ๎†ข๎‡ท๎€ƒ๎„ฟ๎€ƒ๎‚ฐ๎†ข๎†ฆ๎†ฌ๎†ป๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎‚จ๎†ข๎ˆˆ๎…ซ๎‚ฆ๎ƒ‚๎€ƒ๎†จ๎‡ ๎ˆˆ๎†ฆ๎‡˜๎‡ณ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎ˆ‚๎‡ด๎‡Ÿ ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€๎‚จ๎†พ๎…ญ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎€“๎€—๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ‚๎€ƒ๎†ข๎‡‡๎€–๎€“๎€ƒ๎‚ฎ๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎†จ๎†ธ๎‡จ๎‡๎€”๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‡บ๎‡ท๎€œ๎€ƒ
โŠ—
๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎†’๎…ต๎ƒ‚๎…ฐ๎ƒ‚๎††๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎‚ฎ๎…ก๎‚ข๎€ƒ๎‚ฐ๎…“๎…™๎…ค๎†’๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎‚ข๎€ƒ๎… ๎…ฌ๎‚ฐ๎…™๎††๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎†๎†„๎…ต๎ƒ€๎†’๎†’๎…™๎†“๎‚ฆ๎€๎€ƒ
๎‚พ๎ƒ‚๎†•๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎‚ธ๎ƒ‚๎…ฐ๎ƒ‚๎††๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ
๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎‚ธ๎ƒ‚๎…ฐ๎ƒ‚๎††๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎ƒ‚๎…™๎…ก๎‡ป๎€ƒ๎†•๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎†๎†„๎…ต๎€ƒ๎‚พ๎ƒ‚๎€“๎€—๎…—๎…ก๎…ฝ๎…ฎ๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎††๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎‚ฉ๎…“๎…ก๎…ฝ๎…ฎ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎€ƒ๎€”๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎††๎€œ๎€ƒ๎…—๎…ก๎…ฝ๎…ฎ๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎†๎†ƒ๎‚ค๎€ƒ๎€—๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎††๎€œ๎€‹
๎€๎‚พ๎ƒ‚๎†•๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎ˆ‚๎‚ฐ๎††๎…™๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎€Œ๎€“๎€˜๎€ƒ๎ˆ‰๎…“๎†€๎†ˆ๎€‹๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎‚ต๎…ฐ๎…ฆ๎…›๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎†…๎…•๎…ท๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎…•๎†Š๎†”๎…›๎ƒƒ๎‚ฑ๎…—๎€ƒ๎‚ฏ๎ƒƒ๎… ๎ƒƒ๎…—๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎…—๎…ฐ๎…ธ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…•๎‡ฝ๎†œ๎…ฆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎…ฎ๎…ป๎‚ฃ๎€ƒ๎‚ฒ๎†”๎†ˆ๎…›๎…›๎€ƒ๎ƒƒ๎…•๎†Š๎†”๎…›๎ƒƒ๎‚ฑ๎…—๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎†‹๎‚ฐ๎†๎€ƒ๎†‘๎††๎…ท๎€ƒ๎‚ผ๎‚ฑ๎…ธ๎…›๎††๎†…๎…•๎†๎‚ฑ๎ƒƒ๎‚ฏ๎€ƒ๎‚ฏ๎†”๎‚ฏ๎…ฃ๎…›๎ƒƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎…—๎…ฐ๎…ธ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎…“๎…•๎…ฌ๎‚ฑ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎†‚๎†Š๎€ƒ๎†“๎…พ๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎†…๎‚ข๎ƒƒ๎…•๎†Ž๎… ๎†ˆ๎‚ฏ๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎…๎†ˆ๎…›๎€ƒ๎†“๎…›๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…™๎†‚๎‡ฝ๎…๎ƒƒ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎‚ฑ๎…›๎†‚๎†Š๎†ˆ๎…ฌ๎‚ฑ๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎…•๎€ƒ๎‡ฝ๎‚ท๎‡ฝ๎‚ท๎…ฆ๎…›๎…•๎€ƒ๎‡ฝ๎…ฟ๎‡ฝ๎‚ธ๎ƒƒ๎…•๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎…•๎†‚๎…›๎†Š๎†›๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎…—๎…ฐ๎…ธ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…™๎†…๎…•๎…ฌ๎‚ฑ๎†…๎‚ง
๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎††๎…ฆ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎ˆž๎‡ผ๎…ฎ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎‚ฏ๎…ธ๎‡ผ๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎††๎…ฆ๎€ƒ๎†‘๎†…๎‚ฅ๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎ˆž๎‡ผ๎…ฎ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎…—๎†๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎€”๎€‹ ๎‚ง๎‚ฑ๎ˆž๎‚ฐ๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎…•๎†Š๎†”๎…›๎ƒƒ๎‚ฑ๎…—๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆ†๎††๎…›๎…ฆ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎…“๎…•๎…ฎ๎…ผ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎†“๎…พ๎€ƒ๎…™๎††๎…ฆ๎‚ฏ๎…›๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ฏ๎†”๎†…๎ƒƒ๎…›๎‚ฑ๎…•๎…ฎ๎…›๎†Š๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎…—๎…ฐ๎…ธ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…™๎†…๎…•๎…ฌ๎‚ฑ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎†Š๎ƒƒ๎…—๎…ฐ๎…ท๎€ƒ๎…™๎††๎…ฌ๎††๎…ฌ๎€ƒ๎‚ฑ๎…—๎…ท๎€ƒ๎…ฃ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎‚ฏ๎‚ง๎‚ฏ๎€ƒ
๎€‘๎…•๎†Ž๎†Š๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎ˆž๎€ƒ๎‚ฑ๎ƒƒ๎‚ฏ๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€•๎€‹๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎…™๎†‚๎‡ฝ๎…๎ƒƒ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎…•๎‡ฝ๎‚ท๎…ธ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎…•๎†๎†œ๎‚ท๎†Š๎‚ง๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎…ฐ๎†Š๎€ƒ๎‚จ๎…›๎†„๎…›๎€ƒ๎…•๎‡ฝ๎†ˆ๎††๎…ท๎€ƒ๎…•๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎†”๎…—๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎‡ฝ๎…พ๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎†…๎‚ข๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎…—๎…ฐ๎…ธ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎…“๎…•๎…ฌ๎‚ฑ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…Ÿ๎†ˆ๎‚ฏ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎ƒƒ๎…›๎…ฌ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎†‘๎††๎…ท๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎ƒƒ๎…—๎…ฐ๎…ธ๎†…๎‚ง
๎€‘๎‚พ๎‚ฑ๎…ฃ๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎‚ฐ๎†ข๎†ฆ๎†ฌ๎†ป๎‚ฆ ๎„ฟ ๎‚จ๎‚ฎ๎†ข๎‡ท:๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚จ๎†ข๎ˆˆ๎…ซ๎‚ฆ๎ƒ‚๎€ƒ๎†จ๎‡ ๎ˆˆ๎†ฆ๎‡˜๎‡ณ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎ˆ‚๎‡ด๎‡Ÿ๎€’๎€ƒ๎€๎†จ๎†ฆ๎‡ ๎‡Œ๎‡ณ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎†จ๎ˆˆ๎†ฆ๎ˆ‡๎‡‚๎…ก๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎ˆ‚๎‡ด๎‡Ÿ๎Šฎ๎‚ฐ๎ˆ‚๎‡ณ๎†ข๎‡ฐ๎†ฅ๎€ƒ๎€’๎€ƒ๎€•๎€“๎€”๎€›๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎†จ๎†ธ๎‡จ๎‡๎€•๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‡บ๎‡ท๎€œ
โŠ—
๎†‘๎†ˆ๎…“๎…›๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎ˆ‚๎‚ฐ๎††๎…™๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€๎€ƒ๎€Œ๎€“๎€š๎€ƒ๎€‹๎ˆ‰๎…“๎†€๎†ˆ๎€ƒ
๎ˆ‹๎…•๎…ฎ๎†Š๎€ƒ ๎ˆ†๎†๎ƒƒ๎…›๎†”๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎…ป๎‚ง๎‚ฑ๎…ฟ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ ๎…•๎†Ž๎…›๎†”๎†Š๎…—๎€ƒ ๎†‘๎††๎…ท๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎…•๎†Š๎†”๎…›๎ƒƒ๎‚ฑ๎…—๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎†”๎…ผ๎…›๎€ƒ ๎ƒ๎†”๎…—๎€ƒ ๎…™๎†๎†œ๎…ธ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ ๎…ข๎‡ฝ๎…ฒ๎ƒƒ๎…›๎†…๎ƒƒ๎ˆˆ๎†„๎…•๎…ฎ๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ ๎‚ฑ๎ƒƒ๎†Ž๎‚ธ๎ƒƒ๎€ƒ ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎…ป๎‚ง๎‚ฑ๎…ฟ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎†Š๎…—๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ ๎‚ฑ๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎ƒƒ๎‚ง๎‚ช๎†›๎†œ๎…›๎…ฆ๎†›๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎…ฐ๎†…๎‚ง๎€๎…™๎‡ฝ๎†…๎…•๎…›๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…™๎…ฌ๎‚ง๎‚ฑ๎‚ฏ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎‚ฏ๎†‚๎†Š๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎…ฃ๎€ƒ
๎‚ ๎‚ฑ๎…ž๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎†•๎‚พ๎ƒ‚๎€๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎ƒƒ๎‚ฑ๎…›๎…ฌ๎†…๎ƒƒ๎†„๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎†‚๎…›๎†Š๎†”๎†“๎…พ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ป๎†…๎…•๎‡ผ๎€ƒ๎‚ผ๎‚ฑ๎…ธ๎…›๎€ƒ๎‚ฉ๎‚ฏ๎…•๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎…ฒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎‚ฏ๎†…๎‚งLDL๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎…•๎†Ž๎††๎…ฆ๎‚ง๎‚ฏ๎€ƒ๎†“๎…พ๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎… ๎‚ฑ๎…•๎…ฆ๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎†Š๎†”๎…›๎ƒƒ๎‚ฑ๎…—๎€ƒ๎…™๎†‚๎‡ผ๎‚ท๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎ƒƒ๎†„๎…›๎…›๎€Œ
๎€‘๎€‹๎‚ฟ๎ƒƒ๎‚ฑ๎…›๎…ฌ๎†…๎ƒƒ๎†„๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎…ฆ๎‚ฏ๎†”๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ป๎†…๎‚งLDL๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎…—๎…๎…›๎€ƒ๎‚ฏ๎…ธ๎‡ผ๎€ƒ๎…•๎‡ฝ๎†œ๎…ฆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎†‘๎†…๎‚ฅ๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎…ท๎ƒƒ๎†Š๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎…“๎…•๎…ฎ๎…ป๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎†œ๎‡ผ๎†‚๎…›๎…ฌ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎†‘๎††๎…ท๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎…›R๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎††๎…ฆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ผ๎‚ฑ๎‚ท๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎…ฐ๎…•๎†Š๎…›๎†๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎…›๎†”๎…พ
๎€‘๎†Œ๎†…๎…•๎†ˆ๎…ธ๎…›๎…ฌ๎†›๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎…ฎ๎†…๎‚ง๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎…™๎†‚๎‡ฝ๎…๎ƒƒ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎‚ฃ๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎ˆž๎€”๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎†…๎‚ข๎€ƒ๎…ข๎…ฒ๎ƒƒ๎†”๎€ƒ๎€‹๎‚ฟ๎ƒƒ๎…ฆ๎‚ฏ๎€ƒLDL๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒƒ๎ˆˆ๎…—๎†‚๎…›๎…ฌ๎†ˆ๎††๎†…๎€ƒ๎‚ฑ๎†”๎…—๎†„๎…›๎€ƒR๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎…ฎ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…•๎†ˆ๎‚ฃ๎€ƒ๎‚ž๎€ƒ๎…™๎†‚๎‡ฝ๎…๎ƒƒ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ณ๎…ฟ๎†Š๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎‚จ๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎ˆž
๎ƒ๎†”๎…—๎†”๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎†“๎…“๎…•๎…ฎ๎…ผ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎…—๎†‚๎…›๎…ฌ๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ก๎…•๎†Š๎…—๎€ƒ๎†“๎…พ๎€ƒ๎…™๎††๎…ฆ๎‚ง๎‚ฏ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎†Š๎†”๎†ˆ๎†—๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ถ๎…•๎†ˆ๎…ฃ๎†—๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ถ๎…ธ๎‡ผ๎€ƒ๎‚ฑ๎ƒƒ๎‚ฐ๎… R๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ป๎†…๎‚ง๎ƒƒ๎€ƒ๎…•๎†Ž๎††๎…ฌ๎††๎…ฌ๎…›๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎†๎‚ฑ๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎†ˆPHi๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎ˆž๎‡ผ๎€ƒ๎‚ต๎…•๎…ฆ๎†…๎‚ง
๎€ƒ๎‚ถ๎†ˆ๎…ฃ๎†“๎†Š๎†”๎†ˆ๎‚ฃ๎€‘๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎€”(๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎…๎†ˆ๎††๎†…๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎‚ฏ๎‚ฑ๎…•๎…ฎ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…™๎…ผ๎‡ฝ๎…ฐ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎†Š๎†”๎†ˆ๎†—๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ถ๎†ˆ๎…ฃ๎†“๎€ƒ๎€Œcys๎…พ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎…•๎… ๎‚ฑ๎‚ฏ๎€ƒ๎†“PH๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€Œ๎€˜๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ž๎€•๎€‘๎€š๎€š๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ž๎€œ๎€‘๎€š๎€—๎€ƒ๎€‹๎€‘๎€ƒ
๎€•(๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎…ฎ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎†œ๎…ผ๎…›๎…ฌ๎…•๎‡ผ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†”๎††๎ˆž๎€Œ๎‚ฃ๎€‹๎€ƒ๎ƒƒ๎€Œ๎‚จ๎€‹๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎‚ฏ๎…ฃ๎‚ฏ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎†Š๎†”๎†ˆ๎†—๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ถ๎…•๎†ˆ๎…ฃ๎†—๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ฑ๎ƒƒ๎‚ฏ๎€ƒ๎…™๎†๎‚ฏ๎…—๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎ˆž๎…ฎ๎…›๎€ƒ๎†“๎…พ๎ˆˆ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎…—๎†‚๎…›๎…ฌ๎†ˆ๎††๎†…๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎…ป๎‚ง๎‚ฑ๎…ฟ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎†Š๎…—๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎…•๎‡ผ๎…๎ƒƒR๎€‘
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎‚ ๎‚ฑ๎…ž๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎†‘๎†ˆ๎…“๎…›๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎ƒ๎‚ฅ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ถ๎‚ฑ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎‚จ๎††๎…ฐ๎…›๎ƒ๎†”๎†”๎‚ง๎‚ฑ๎…ฎ๎†…๎‚งLโ€™athรฉrosclรฉrose ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎…ท๎€ƒ๎…Ÿ๎…›๎…•๎†Š๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎†Š๎…ท๎€ƒ๎…Ÿ๎…›๎†Š๎†”๎€ƒ๎…•๎†ˆ๎ƒƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎‚ฏ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎†“๎…พ๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎ƒƒ๎‚ฑ๎…›๎…ฌ๎†…๎ƒƒ๎†„๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚น๎…•๎…ฟ๎…›๎‚ฑ๎‚ง
๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎…ฒ๎†”๎€ƒ๎ˆ˜๎‚ง๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎‚ง๎‚ฑ๎†”๎…ธ๎…ฎ๎†…๎‚จ๎††๎†‚๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎ƒƒ๎…›๎…ฌ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎†‘๎††๎…ท๎€ƒ๎…™๎…ฐ๎…•๎…ฆ๎ƒƒ๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎ƒƒ๎†ˆ๎‚ฏ๎†…๎‚ž๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ฉ๎…•๎…พ๎ƒƒ๎€ƒ๎†“๎…พ๎€ƒ๎‚จ๎…—๎…ฌ๎…›๎†”๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎‚ฑ๎†”๎…๎†„๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎…›๎††๎†…๎ƒƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ฏ๎‚ง๎‚ฑ๎…พ๎†—๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚จ๎…—๎…ฌ๎€ƒ๎†‘๎††๎…ท๎€ƒ๎‚ผ๎‚ฑ๎…ธ
๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎…™๎†‚๎‡ฝ๎…๎ƒƒ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎‚ฏ๎†‚๎†Š๎€ƒ๎‚ถ๎‚ฑ๎€•๎€ƒ๎†“๎…›๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎€‹๎ˆˆ๎…๎†ˆ๎‡ฝ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎†”๎†…๎†—๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎‚ก๎‚ฒ๎… ๎€ƒ๎…•๎†Ž๎†Š๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎‚ฃ๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎ˆž๎…ฎ๎†…๎‚ง
1
R
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎†“๎…“๎…•๎…ฎ๎…ผ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎…—๎†‚๎…›๎…ฌ๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚จ๎†”๎ˆž๎‚ฑ๎…›๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎…ท๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎ƒƒ๎‚ค๎…ฌ๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚งR๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ฏ๎†Š๎…ท
๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎‡ฝ๎††๎…ฌ๎€ƒ๎‚ต๎…ฆ๎…ฎ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎‚ก๎‚ฒ๎… ๎ƒƒ๎€ƒ๎†—๎‚ง๎ˆˆ๎†”๎†…
2
R
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎ƒƒ๎‚ค๎…ฌ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎†“๎…“๎…•๎…ฎ๎…ผ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎…—๎†‚๎…›๎…ฌ๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚จ๎†”๎ˆž๎‚ฑ๎…›๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎…ทR๎€ƒ๎…ฐ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎‚ต๎…ฆ๎…ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚ฏ๎†Š๎…ท๎‚จ๎…•๎‚ž๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎†ˆ๎‚ฃ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎…ฎ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…•๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎‚จ๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎ˆž
๎€ƒ๎…™๎†‚๎‡ฝ๎…๎ƒƒ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ณ๎…ฟ๎†Š๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎…๎†ˆ๎‡ฝ๎ˆˆ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎‚ก๎‚ฒ๎… ๎€ƒ๎‡ฝ๎…๎‚ง๎‚ฑ๎ƒƒ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ฉ๎‚ฑ๎…ฟ๎…ฎ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎ƒƒ๎‚ฏ๎… ๎€‘๎€ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€”๎€‹๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎†“๎…›๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎†Š๎†”๎†ˆ๎†—๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ถ๎…•๎†ˆ๎…ฃ๎†—๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎†…๎…•๎…›๎…›๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎‚ฌ๎‚ฑ๎…ฆ๎…›๎…ฌ๎‚ง๎‡ฝ๎€ƒ๎…•๎†Ž๎…—๎†”๎ˆž๎‚ฑ๎…›๎€ƒ๎†‘๎††๎…ท๎€ƒ๎‚ผ๎‚ฑ๎…ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚ก๎‚ง๎‚ฒ๎… ๎‚ฃ๎ƒ๎†”๎††๎†”๎†…๎†—๎‚ง๎€ƒ
1
R
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎ƒƒ
2
R
๎€ƒ
๎€‘๎€ƒ
๎€•๎€‹๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ป๎††๎†…๎€ƒ๎†“๎…“๎…•๎…ฎ๎…ผ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎…—๎†‚๎…›๎…ฌ๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎†Š๎…—๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†”๎…—๎€ƒ๎…™๎†๎†œ๎…ธ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ด๎†๎…•๎†ŠLDL๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎…ฐ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…™๎†…๎…•๎…ฃ๎†…๎‚ง๎ƒƒ๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎…ฃ๎ƒ€๎‡ฝ๎††๎…ฌ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ต๎…ฆ๎…ฎ๎††๎†…๎€ƒ๎€‘๎‚จ๎…•๎…ฐ๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ต๎…ฆ๎…ฎ๎†…๎…•๎‡ผ๎€ƒ๎…™๎†Š๎‚ฑ๎…•๎†‚๎†ˆ๎€ƒ
๎€”๎€š๎€š
๎€”๎€™๎€™
๎€˜๎€›๎€”
๎€˜๎€•๎€•
๎€ƒ
๎‚ฐ๎†ข๎†ฆ๎†ฌ๎†ป๎‚ฆ ๎„ฟ ๎‚จ๎‚ฎ๎†ข๎‡ท:๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚จ๎†ข๎ˆˆ๎…ซ๎‚ฆ๎ƒ‚๎€ƒ๎†จ๎‡ ๎ˆˆ๎†ฆ๎‡˜๎‡ณ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎ˆ‚๎‡ด๎‡Ÿ๎€’๎€ƒ๎€๎†จ๎†ฆ๎‡ ๎‡Œ๎‡ณ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎†จ๎ˆˆ๎†ฆ๎ˆ‡๎‡‚๎…ก๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎ˆ‚๎‡ด๎‡Ÿ๎Šฎ๎‚ฐ๎ˆ‚๎‡ณ๎†ข๎‡ฐ๎†ฅ๎€ƒ๎€’๎€ƒ๎€•๎€“๎€”๎€›๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎†จ๎†ธ๎‡จ๎‡๎€–๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‡บ๎‡ท๎€œ
โŠ—
๎‚ช๎†ƒ๎…“๎…›๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎ˆ‚๎‚ฐ๎††๎…™๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€๎€ƒ๎€Œ๎€“๎€›๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎ˆ‰๎…“๎†€๎†ˆ๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎…“๎…•๎‚ธ๎ƒƒ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚จ๎††๎‚ท๎…›๎…›๎ˆ†๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎ƒƒ๎†”๎…ฃ๎†…๎‚ง๎†œ๎†…๎€ƒ๎…™๎††๎…—๎…•๎†๎€ƒ๎…™๎†๎…•๎‚ท๎€ƒ๎…™๎…ฟ๎††๎…›๎…ฆ๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎ˆž๎…ฎ๎€ƒ๎†“๎…พ๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎…•๎†ˆ๎…ธ๎…›๎…ฌATP๎€ƒ๎…•๎†Ž๎†”๎††๎…ท๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎ƒƒ๎…ฐ๎…ฃ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎…›๎†”๎€ƒ๎€‹๎€ƒ๎…™๎†๎…•๎‚ท๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎ƒƒ๎…ฃ๎…›๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ
๎†„๎†…๎‚ง๎‡ฝ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎ƒƒ๎…ฒ๎…ธ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎…•๎…“๎ˆ„๎‚ฒ๎… ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎†“๎…พ๎€ƒ๎…™๎†Š๎†ˆ๎…•๎†„๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎…“๎…•๎‡ฝ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒƒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎…›๎††๎†…๎€ƒ๎†‘๎††๎…ท๎€ƒ๎‚ผ๎‚ฑ๎…ธ๎€ƒ๎‚ถ๎…ธ๎‡ผ๎‚ข๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎…•๎‡ฝ๎†…๎€ƒ๎‚ง๎‚ฐ๎†๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎…›๎†…๎‚ง๎‚ฟ๎ƒƒ๎…ฃ๎€ƒ๎€๎…™๎‡ฝ๎†…๎…•๎…›๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…™๎…ฌ๎‚ง๎‚ฑ๎‚ฏ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎‚ฑ๎…›๎†‚๎†Š๎€ƒ
๎‚ ๎‚ฑ๎…ž๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎†•๎‚พ๎ƒ‚๎€ƒ๎€๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎…ฎ๎‚ต๎…ฆ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎‚ณ๎€Œ๎‡ผ๎€ƒ๎‚จ๎…•๎…ฐ๎†ˆ๎ƒ€๎†‚๎…ธ๎†…๎…•๎‚ž๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎†”๎†…๎…•๎…ฃ๎…›๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎‚ฑ๎†Ž๎‚ธ๎‚ฃ๎†Š๎€ƒ๎…™๎ˆž๎‚ฑ๎…ฃ๎€ƒ๎†“๎…พ๎€ƒ๎‚ต๎†‚๎†Š๎†Œ๎…พ๎…•๎‚ท๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒƒ๎…›๎†…๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎‚น๎ƒƒ๎†Š๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ง๎‚ฐ๎†๎€ƒ๎…™๎†๎†œ๎…ท๎€ƒ๎…ข๎‡ฝ๎…ฒ
๎€ƒ๎ƒƒ๎…ฃ๎…›๎…—๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎†‚๎…ธ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…™๎†๎…•๎‚ท๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎‚ฏ๎†‚๎†Š๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎€๎…—๎‡ป๎†ƒ๎…“๎…™๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎…—๎ˆ๎‚ฐ๎…ž๎…™๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎…ฒ๎…ฃ๎†Š๎€ƒ๎††๎…ธ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†”๎†‚๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†”๎††๎…๎…•๎†ˆ๎…›๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎…ฎ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ผ๎…•๎‚ท๎†Š๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎‚ฐ๎ƒƒ๎…ฆ๎…๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎ƒƒ๎†—๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎…•๎ˆ„๎‚ฑ๎‚ฏ๎†Š๎ƒƒ๎ˆž๎ƒƒ๎…›๎†”๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎‚ต๎…ฆ
๎€ƒ๎ƒƒ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎‚ณ๎€Œ๎†“๎†Š๎…•๎…๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎†“๎†Š๎…•๎…ธ๎‡ฝ๎€ƒ๎†›๎€ƒ๎‚ต๎…ฆ๎…ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎†‚๎…ธ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…—๎€ƒ๎†“๎†Š๎…ป๎€ƒ๎ˆŒ๎…ฌ๎ƒƒ๎€ƒ๎†“๎…พ๎€ƒ๎†“๎…“๎…•๎†Š๎…๎ƒ๎†”๎… ๎…ฌ๎†„๎†—๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎‚ฒ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎†“๎…พ๎€ƒ๎‚ฒ๎€ƒ๎€ ๎€–๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ฏ๎€ƒ๎ˆ†๎†”๎…ฒ๎†Š๎‚ฒ๎†”๎ˆž๎‚ฑ๎…›๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ณ๎…ฟ๎†Š๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ
๎ˆˆ๎†๎…•๎†Š๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ
2
TH๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎‡ผ๎…›๎…›๎†Š๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎…๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎‚ง๎‚ฑ๎†”๎…ผ๎…›๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ผ๎…ฌ๎†Š
2
O๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎†“๎…พ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎†ˆ๎ƒ๎†”๎†‚๎††๎…ธ๎‚ž๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎†Š๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎…ฐ๎…ฃ๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…Ÿ๎…“๎…•๎…›๎ˆˆ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎…•๎†Ž๎†”๎††๎…ท๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎†”๎…—๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎…™๎†Š๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎…™๎†‚๎‡ฝ๎…๎ƒƒ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎†“๎…พ๎€”๎€‘๎€‹๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎€”๎€‹ ๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎††๎…ฃ๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎†”๎…—๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…Ÿ๎…“๎…•๎…›๎†Š๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎€ƒ๎†“๎…พ๎€ƒ๎…™๎†Š๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎…™๎†‚๎‡ฝ๎…๎ƒƒ๎†…๎‚ง๎€”๎€‹๎€‘๎€ƒ
๎€•๎€‹ ๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎‚ฏ๎†๎ƒ€๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎…ฌ๎…ฟ๎…›๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎…•๎‡ฝ๎…ฒ๎‚ฑ๎…พ๎€ƒ๎‚จ๎…—๎…ฌ๎€ƒ๎…•๎†Ž๎†…๎†œ๎…ฆ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎‚ฑ๎€ƒ๎…™๎ˆž๎‚ฑ๎…ฃ๎€ƒ๎…™๎††๎†๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ฏ๎†Š๎…ท๎€ƒ๎‚ผ๎…•๎‚ท๎†Š๎†…๎‚ง๎€‘๎€‹๎‚ณ๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎‚ต๎…ฆ๎…ฎ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎‚ ๎‚ฑ๎…ž๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎†‘๎†ˆ๎…“๎…›๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎€๎…—๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎‚ฏ๎†๎€ƒ๎‚ฌ๎†œ๎…ธ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ผ๎‚ฏ๎†Ž๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎…ฎ๎††๎†…๎€ƒ๎…Ÿ๎†…๎…•๎…ธ๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚จ๎†”๎…—๎‚ท๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎€ƒ๎‚ต๎…ฆ๎€Œ๎‚ณ๎€‹๎€ƒ๎†Š๎ƒƒ๎ˆž๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎‚ก๎‚ง๎ƒƒ๎‚ฏ๎…•๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€Œ mg 200/
10
oenzyme QC๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎†Š๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ฉ๎‚ฏ๎…•๎…ธ๎…›๎…ฌ๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆŽ๎…ฃ๎ƒƒ๎†…๎€ƒ๎‚ฌ๎†œ๎…ธ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎‚ฑ๎†Ž๎…ฎ๎‚ฃ๎€ƒ๎‚ฏ๎…ธ๎‡ผ๎…•๎†Ž๎…›๎ˆž๎‚ฑ๎…ฃ๎†…๎€ƒ๎‚ผ๎…•๎‚ท๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎…•๎‡ฝ๎… ๎ˆ„๎‚ฑ๎‚ฏ๎…›๎†Œ๎…›๎… ๎ƒƒ๎‚ฒ๎†…๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎†ˆ๎…ฃ๎€ƒ๎‚ซ๎ƒƒ๎‚ฏ๎…ฃ๎€ƒ๎‚พ๎†…๎‚ฐ๎€ƒ๎ˆ˜๎…พ๎‚ง๎‚ฑ๎ƒƒ๎€‘๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎‚ฏ๎†‚๎†Š๎€ƒ๎‚ก๎‚ง๎ƒƒ๎‚ฏ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ฑ๎†”๎…๎…๎…›๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎…ฟ๎‡ฝ๎ˆž๎€ƒ๎…ข๎‡ฝ๎…ฒ๎ƒƒ๎…›๎†…๎€ƒ๎…™๎†‚๎‡ฝ๎…๎ƒƒ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎€Œ๎€•๎€‹๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎…๎†ˆ๎‡ฝ๎€ƒ๎‚ซ๎†”๎…ฃ๎ˆˆ๎ˆž๎…ฎ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎€ƒ๎€Œ๎€”๎€‹๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ถ๎‡ฝ๎†—๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ฉ๎‚ฏ๎…•๎†ˆ๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎‚ฒ๎ƒƒ๎…›๎†„๎‚ง๎‚ฑ๎…ฟ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎††๎…ฃ๎…›๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎†œ๎…ท๎…•๎…ฟ๎…›๎€ƒ๎…•๎†Ž๎†Š๎†ˆ
๎†ˆ๎‚ฏ๎…ฆ๎…›๎…ฌ๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎…™๎†๎…•๎‚ท๎††๎†…๎€ƒ๎‚ฑ๎‚ฏ๎…ฐ๎†ˆ๎ˆž๎€ƒ๎‚ผ๎…•๎‚ท๎†Š๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ผ๎‚ฑ๎‚ท๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎†๎ƒƒ๎‚ฒ๎ƒƒ๎ˆž๎ƒƒ๎††๎…ผ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…•๎†Ž๎…›๎†›๎ƒƒ๎…ฃ๎…›๎€ƒ๎†“๎…พ๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎‡ผ๎…ฎ๎…›๎€ƒ๎†“๎€‹๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎…๎†ˆ๎‡ฝ๎€ƒ๎…•๎†ˆ๎†Š๎†”๎…—๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎…ฎ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎ˆž๎€Œ๎€•๎€‹๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ฉ๎‚ฏ๎…ฌ๎†„๎‚ฃ๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎†…๎‚ข
๎… ๎‚ฑ๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎†๎‚ง๎ƒƒ๎†Š๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎ˆž๎…ฎ๎…›๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…™๎…ธ๎‚ง๎‚ฑ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎†“๎…พ๎€ƒ๎…™๎††๎‚ป๎…ฃ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎…ฎ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎ˆž๎€Œ๎€”๎€‘๎€‹๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
%
2
O
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎ˆ–๎†„๎…ถ๎††๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎†‘๎…ผ๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎…—๎†€๎‡ป๎…›๎ƒ‚๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€”๎€‹๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎‚ฐ๎†ข๎†ฆ๎†ฌ๎†ป๎‚ฆ ๎„ฟ ๎‚จ๎‚ฎ๎†ข๎‡ท:๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚จ๎†ข๎ˆˆ๎…ซ๎‚ฆ๎ƒ‚๎€ƒ๎†จ๎‡ ๎ˆˆ๎†ฆ๎‡˜๎‡ณ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎ˆ‚๎‡ด๎‡Ÿ๎€’๎€ƒ๎€๎†จ๎†ฆ๎‡ ๎‡Œ๎‡ณ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎†จ๎ˆˆ๎†ฆ๎ˆ‡๎‡‚๎…ก๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎ˆ‚๎‡ด๎‡Ÿ๎Šฎ๎‚ฐ๎ˆ‚๎‡ณ๎†ข๎‡ฐ๎†ฅ๎€ƒ๎€’๎€ƒ๎€•๎€“๎€”๎€›๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎†จ๎†ธ๎‡จ๎‡๎€—๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‡บ๎‡ท๎€œ
โŠ—
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€”๎€‹๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎…•๎†๎†œ๎‚ท๎†Š๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎…ฎ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎ˆž๎€Œ๎€”๎€‹๎€ƒ๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎…™๎†‚๎‡ฝ๎…๎ƒƒ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€•๎€ƒ๎€๎‚ฌ๎‚ฑ๎…ฆ๎…›๎…ฌ๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎€‹๎€ƒ๎‚ป๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎…•๎‡ฝ๎…“๎‚ฒ๎… ๎€ƒ๎‚ฏ๎‚ฏ๎…ทATP๎€ƒ๎€Œ๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎ˆž๎…ฎ๎…›๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎‚ฑ๎…ฎ๎…•๎‡ผ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎ˆž๎…ฎ๎‡ผ๎€ƒ๎…™๎††๎€‹๎€ƒ๎‚ป๎‚ป๎‚ป๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎†Š๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ฏ๎‚ฏ๎…ท๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎†๎‚ง๎ƒƒ
๎…ธ๎… ๎‚ฑ๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎…™๎€ƒ๎‚ป๎‚ป๎‚ป๎‚ป๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎…•๎…“๎ˆ„๎‚ฒ๎… ๎€ƒ๎‚ฏ๎‚ฏ๎…ท
2
CO๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎…™๎…ฃ๎ƒƒ๎‚ฑ๎‚ท๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎…•๎†๎‚ฑ๎†—๎…•๎‡ผ๎€ƒ๎…•๎†Ž๎†”๎†…๎‚ฅ๎€ƒ๎‚ฑ๎…•๎…ฎ๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎…ฃ๎‚ง๎‚ฑ๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎…™๎††๎…ฃ๎‚ฑ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎ˆž๎‡ผ๎€ƒ๎‚ต๎…•๎…ฆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€Œ๎€”๎€‹๎€ƒ๎‚ž๎€Œ๎€•๎€‹๎€ƒ๎ƒƒ๎€Œ๎€–๎€‹๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎‚ฏ๎…ฃ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎‚ง๎‚ฏ
๎€‘๎…•๎†Ž๎†Š๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎ˆž๎€ƒ๎‚ซ๎ƒƒ๎‚ฏ๎…ฃ๎€ƒ๎‚ฑ๎†‚๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎…™๎†๎‚ฏ๎…—๎€ƒ
๎€•๎€‹๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎‚ฑ๎…ฎ๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ข๎€ƒ๎‚ป๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎ˆž๎…ฎ๎…›๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎†…ATP๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎…ฒ๎ƒƒ๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎…™๎…ฃ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎…ฎ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎†“๎…พ๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎ˆž๎€Œ๎€•๎€‹๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒƒ๎…Ÿ๎…›๎†Š๎…›๎…ฌ๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…™๎††๎…ฃ๎‚ฑ๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎†‹๎‚ฐ๎†Ž๎†…๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎ƒƒ๎†๎…•๎‚ท๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…™๎††๎†”๎…ฐ๎…ฃ๎†…๎‚ง๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎€–๎€‹๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎…ฌ๎…พ๎‚ฑ๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎†…๎‚ข๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎‚ฏ๎†๎€ƒ๎ˆ‘๎‚ฐ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ก๎‚ง๎ƒƒ๎‚ฏ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ฑ๎†”๎…๎…๎…›๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎…ฎ๎††๎†…๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎€ƒ๎‚ต๎…ฆ๎€Œ๎‚ณ๎€ƒ๎‚ž๎€‹๎‚ง๎‚ฒ๎‚ฑ๎…—๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎…•๎†Ž๎†”๎†…๎‚ฅ๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎…ฐ๎ƒƒ๎…›๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎…•๎†ˆ๎ƒƒ๎††๎…ธ๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆ˜๎…พ๎‚ง๎ƒƒ๎…›๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎‚ฏ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎‚ฏ๎…ฃ๎‚ฅ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎…•๎‡ฝ๎…ฒ๎‚ฑ๎…ฟ๎†…๎‚ง
๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎…ฌ๎†…๎‚ง๎€‘๎…™๎†‚๎‡ผ๎…•๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎‚ ๎‚ฑ๎…ž๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎‚ช๎†ƒ๎…“๎…›๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€๎€ƒ๎…›๎…ท๎†›๎…•๎‡ผ๎€ƒ๎‚ฒ๎… ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎†‘๎††๎…ท๎€ƒ๎‚ฏ๎…•๎†ˆ๎‚ก๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎…ฌ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†”๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†”๎†‚๎‡ผ๎…•๎‚ž๎‚พ๎…›๎…•๎‡ผ๎…ฌ๎…›๎ˆž๎†ˆ๎ƒƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎‚ฑ๎…ฎ๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…™๎†๎†œ๎…ธ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚พ๎†œ๎†Ž๎…›๎…ฌ๎‚ง๎ƒƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ถ๎‡ฝ๎†—๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ฉ๎‚ฏ๎…•๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎‚ฏ๎†๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†”๎…—
2
O๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎…•๎‡ฝ๎†‚๎†…๎‚ง๎ƒƒ
๎…™๎‡ฝ๎ƒƒ๎†”๎…ฃ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆ†๎…“๎…•๎‚ธ๎ƒƒ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆ†๎††๎…›๎…ฆ๎†ˆ๎‡ผ๎€‘๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎‚ธ๎ƒ‚๎…ฐ๎ƒ‚๎††๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎†๎†Œ๎…™๎†ˆ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎†•๎€ƒ๎‚พ๎ƒ‚
2
2CH3COCOOH
+2PI
SH-COA
CO2
TH2
Tโ€™H2
ATP
ADP + PI
TH2
CO2
C2
๎€ƒ๎‚ฝ๎‡ป๎…ผ๎ƒ‚๎‚ฐ๎†’๎…•๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎‚ต๎††๎…ก
COCOOH
3
CH
C4
C5
C6
C4
CO2
TH2
3
2
SH-COA
TH2
2ATP
2ADP
+2P PI
2T
2TH
2
1
๎‚ฑ๎ƒ‚๎…™๎†‚๎‚ฆ๎‚ฐ๎…ผ
6
O
12
H
6
C
๎€ƒ๎€๎€ƒ๎ˆ†๎…ฟ๎‚ฆ๎ƒ‚๎†ˆ๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ
+
= NADH.H
2
TH๎€ƒ๎‚
2
= FADH
2
Hโ€™T
Q = COENZYME Q10 ๎€ƒ
NADH.H+ NAD+
๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎†’๎…‘๎…“๎…ฌ๎…บ๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎†’๎…•๎€ƒ๎‚น๎‚ฆ๎‚ฐ๎…ฝ๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ
๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎‚ ๎…“๎…ฌ๎…บ๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎†‘๎†„๎…ค๎‚ฆ๎‚ฎ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎†‘๎…ž๎‚ฐ๎…“๎…ค๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎‚ ๎…“๎…ฌ๎…บ๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ
C
Q
+
H
+
H
+
H
+
H
-
e
-
e
-
e
ADP+PI ATP
+
H
๎…—๎‡ป๎…ช๎…“๎…ช๎†™๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎‚จ๎‚ฎ๎…“๎††๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ
+
H
๎€ƒ๎ˆ†๎ˆœ๎…ฌ๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€”๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎…—๎†€๎‡ป๎…›๎ƒ‚๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€•๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎ˆ†๎ˆœ๎…ฌ๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€•๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎‚ฐ๎†ข๎†ฆ๎†ฌ๎†ป๎‚ฆ ๎„ฟ ๎‚จ๎‚ฎ๎†ข๎‡ท:๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚จ๎†ข๎ˆˆ๎…ซ๎‚ฆ๎ƒ‚๎€ƒ๎†จ๎‡ ๎ˆˆ๎†ฆ๎‡˜๎‡ณ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎ˆ‚๎‡ด๎‡Ÿ๎€’๎€ƒ๎€๎†จ๎†ฆ๎‡ ๎‡Œ๎‡ณ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎†จ๎ˆˆ๎†ฆ๎ˆ‡๎‡‚๎…ก๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎ˆ‚๎‡ด๎‡Ÿ๎Šฎ๎‚ฐ๎ˆ‚๎‡ณ๎†ข๎‡ฐ๎†ฅ๎€ƒ๎€’๎€ƒ๎€•๎€“๎€”๎€›๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎†จ๎†ธ๎‡จ๎‡๎€˜๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‡บ๎‡ท๎€œ
โŠ—
๎†‘๎†ˆ๎…“๎…›๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎‚ธ๎ƒ‚๎…ฐ๎ƒ‚๎††๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎ƒ‚๎††๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎ƒ‚๎…™๎…ก๎‡ป๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎†๎†„๎…ต๎€ƒ๎†‘๎†ˆ๎…“๎…›๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎‚ธ๎ƒ‚๎…ฐ๎€“๎€˜๎…—๎…ก๎…ฝ๎…ฎ๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎††๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎‚ฉ๎…“๎…ก๎…ฝ๎…ฎ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎€ƒ๎€˜๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎††๎€œ๎€ƒ๎…—๎…ก๎…ฝ๎…ฎ๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎†๎†ƒ๎‚ค๎€ƒ๎€œ๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎††๎€ƒ๎€œ๎€‹๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎‚พ๎ƒ‚๎†•๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎ˆ‚๎‚ฐ๎††๎…™๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€๎€ƒ๎€Œ๎€“๎€˜๎€ƒ๎€‹๎ˆ‰๎…“๎†€๎†ˆ๎€ƒ
๎ƒ€๎…•๎‚ธ๎†Š๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎‚ง๎‚ฑ๎…ฎ๎‚ค๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎…•๎†Ž๎†Š๎†”๎…—๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎‚ง๎‚ฐ๎††๎†…๎€ƒ๎‚ฉ๎‚ฒ๎ƒŒ
๎†”๎†ˆ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎…“๎…•๎…ฎ๎…ป๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎…•๎…“๎ˆ„๎‚ฒ๎… ๎€ƒ๎‚ฉ๎‚ฏ๎…ท๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎…ฃ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…•๎‡ฝ๎†œ๎…ฆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎†ˆ๎…ฃ๎…›๎€ƒ๎€ŒABO๎€‹๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ก๎‚ง๎‚ฑ๎†ˆ๎…ฃ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎‚ฏ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎…•๎ˆ„๎‚ฑ๎ˆž๎€ƒ๎‚ฒ๎†”๎†ˆ๎‡ฝ๎€ƒ๎ˆ‘๎‚ฐ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎†๎‚ฑ๎€ƒ๎†“๎…ผ๎‡ผ๎…ฐ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎†‘๎††๎…ท๎€ƒ๎…™๎†…๎ƒƒ๎†ˆ๎…ฃ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎…™๎…๎‚ฑ๎ƒƒ๎†ˆ๎‡ผ๎€ƒ๎…•๎†Ž๎†…๎€ƒ๎‚ฑ๎…ฟ๎…ฎ๎ƒŠ
๎‡ฝ๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎‚ง๎‚ฏ๎…ฒ๎…›๎…ฌ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎ˆž๎…ฎ๎…›๎€ƒ๎†“๎…›๎†…๎‚ง๎€“๎€œ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎†œ๎‡ฝ๎†…๎‚ฃ๎€ƒ๎‚ซ๎†œ๎…๎…—๎€ƒ๎…™๎…๎‚ฑ๎ƒƒ๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎†‹๎‚ฐ๎†๎€ƒ๎‚ฑ๎†Ž๎‚ธ๎ƒ‰
๎…›๎€ƒ๎€‘๎ƒ๎…•๎…ฌ๎†Š๎†™๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ฏ๎†Š๎…ท
๎€Œ
O
i ๎‚ž
B
I ๎‚ž
A
I
๎€ƒ๎‚ซ๎†”๎…ฃ๎‡ผ๎€ƒ๎€‹
A
I ๎ƒƒ
B
I
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎‚ป๎†…๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ผ๎…ฌ๎†Š๎†…๎…•๎‡ผ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎…•๎…›๎‚ฏ๎…“๎…•๎…ฌ
O
i
๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†”๎…—๎€ƒ๎…•๎†ˆ๎†Š๎†”๎…—๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎…ฃ๎†Š๎…›๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง
A
I
๎€ƒ
๎ƒƒ
B
I๎€ƒ๎€‘๎‚ฉ๎‚ฏ๎…•๎‡ฝ๎…ฌ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚จ๎…•๎‡ฝ๎…ป๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎…•๎‚ธ๎†Š๎€ƒ๎†“๎…พ๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎…“๎…•๎…ฎ๎…ผ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎‚ง๎‚ฑ๎…ฎ๎‚ค๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎ƒƒ๎…ฃ๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎…•๎†ˆ๎ƒƒ๎††๎…ธ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎†…๎‚ง๎ƒƒ๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…™๎†‚๎‡ฝ๎…๎ƒƒ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎…•๎‡ฝ๎‚ท๎…ธ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎‚ฏ๎†‚๎…›๎€ŒABO๎€‹๎€‘
๎€ƒ๎€”๎€‹ ๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎‚ฏ๎†๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎‚ฐ๎††๎†…๎€ƒ๎…•๎…ฟ๎ˆ„๎‚ฑ๎…ธ๎…›๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎… ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†”๎…—๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎‚ฑ๎…•๎†๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎…๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎‚ง๎‚ฐ๎†œ๎†…๎‚ง๎ƒƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎‚ง๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ
๎†”๎†ˆ๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎…•๎…“๎ˆ„๎‚ฒ๎€‘๎…™๎‡ฝ๎ƒƒ๎†ˆ๎‚ฏ๎€ƒ๎‚ฉ๎‚ฑ๎†ˆ๎‚ฒ๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎†„๎†…๎€ƒ๎‚ฉ๎‚ฒ
๎€•๎€‹ ๎€ƒ๎€๎‚พ๎…›๎…•๎‡ผ๎…ฌ๎…›๎ˆž๎†ˆ๎ƒƒ๎€ƒ๎…™๎†‚๎‡ฝ๎…๎ƒƒ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎…•๎‡ฝ๎‚ท๎…ธ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎†‘๎††๎…ท๎€ƒ๎‚ฏ๎…•๎†ˆ๎…›๎…ท๎†›๎…•๎‡ผ
๎€ ๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎…ฐ๎†Š๎€ƒ๎‚จ๎…›๎†„๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎…•๎‚ธ๎†Š๎€ƒ๎†“๎…พ๎€ƒ๎ˆ‘
๎ƒƒ๎††๎…ฆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎ƒƒ๎…›๎…ฌ๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎†‘๎††๎…ท๎€ƒ๎ˆ‘
๎‚ฑ๎†๎…•๎‚ธ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆŒ๎†ˆ๎†Š๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ผ๎†œ๎…›๎…ฆ๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚จ๎…—๎…ฌ๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎‡ฝ๎…พ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎‚ฑ๎…ฎ๎…›๎€ƒ๎…•๎‡ฝ๎†ˆ๎††๎…ท๎€ƒ๎…•๎€ŒABO๎€‹๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€‘
๎€ƒ
๎†‘๎†ˆ๎…“๎…›๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎ˆ‚๎‚ฐ๎††๎…™๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€๎€ƒ๎€Œ๎€“๎€š๎€ƒ๎€‹๎ˆ‰๎…“๎†€๎†ˆ๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎ƒ‰
๎†ˆ๎…ฒ๎…›๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎…•๎†ˆ๎ˆ„๎‚ฒ๎†Š๎†—๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎…™๎††๎†ˆ๎… ๎€ƒ๎†“๎†ˆ๎…ฒ๎†Ž๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚จ๎ƒƒ๎…—๎†Š๎†—๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎†“๎…พ๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎‚ฐ๎…ป๎†—๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎…ฒ๎†๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎††๎†ˆ๎…ท๎…›๎‚ง๎ƒƒ๎†Š๎€ƒ๎‚ต๎…›๎†ˆ๎ƒŠ
๎…›๎ƒƒ๎†‹๎‚ฐ๎†๎€ƒ๎…Ÿ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎†“๎…ธ๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎ƒƒ๎…›๎…ฌ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎†‘๎††๎…ท๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎††๎†ˆ๎…ธ๎†…๎‚ง
๎€ƒ๎†‘๎†…๎‚ฅ๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎†‚๎…›๎†Š๎…›๎†…๎€ƒ๎ˆ˜๎†”๎†๎‚ฏ๎†…๎‚ง๎…•๎‡ฝ๎†œ๎…ฆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€‘๎€ƒ
๎‚ฟ๎†œ๎…ฆ๎€ƒ๎‚ซ๎‚ฏ๎…ฃ๎‡ฝ๎€ƒ๎‚ฏ๎†๎€ƒ๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎‚ฒ๎ƒƒ๎…›๎†„๎†œ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎†ˆ๎…ฃ๎…›๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎‚ฏ๎…ท๎€ƒ๎…™๎†…๎…•๎…ฃ๎€ƒ๎…•๎†Ž๎†Š๎†”๎…—๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎†„๎…•๎…ฎ๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎‚ฉ๎‚ฏ๎…ท๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎…ฒ๎†Ž๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…™๎‡ฝ๎††๎†ˆ๎…ทIntolรฉrance au lactose๎€‘๎€‹๎€ƒ
๎€ ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎…ฎ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ฏ๎†Š๎…ท๎€ƒ๎‚ฒ๎ƒƒ๎…›๎†„๎†œ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎†‘๎††๎…ท๎€ƒ๎‚ฃ๎‚ฑ๎‚ท๎…›๎€ƒ๎†“๎…›๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ช๎†›๎ƒƒ๎…ฃ๎…›๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ฏ๎†”๎‚ฏ๎…ฃ๎…›๎†…๎‚จ๎…•๎…ฐ๎†ˆ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ต๎…ฆ๎€ƒ๎…™๎†…๎…•๎…ฃ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎†‹๎‚ฐ๎†Ž๎…—๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎…ฎ๎†…๎…•๎‡ผ๎€ƒ๎…™๎†Š๎‚ฑ๎…•๎†‚๎†ˆ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ
๎…ฌ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ต๎…ฆ๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎‚ฏ๎…ท๎€ƒ๎‚จ๎ƒ‰
๎…—๎ƒ‰
๎…ฌ๎ƒƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎‡ฝ๎††
๎†ˆ๎…ฃ๎…›๎€๎…™๎‡ฝ๎†…๎…•๎…›๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎…™๎…ฌ๎‚ง๎‚ฑ๎‚ฏ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎‚ฑ๎…›๎†‚๎†Š๎€ƒ๎‚ž๎‚ฒ๎ƒƒ๎…›๎†„๎†œ๎†…๎‚ง๎€ƒ๎ˆˆ๎€ƒ
๎‚ฑ๎ƒ‚๎…™๎†‚๎†š๎…น๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ€๎†’๎††๎‚ข๎€ƒ๎ƒ‚๎…™๎†‚๎†š๎…น๎€ƒ๎ˆ†๎†’๎…™๎…ช๎‚ข N
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎†‘๎…บ๎‡บ๎…ฎ๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€œ
๎ˆ‚๎‚ฐ๎ˆœ๎…ช๎€ƒ๎…—๎†„๎…ช๎†„๎…ช๎€ƒ๎…—๎‡ป๎‚ฎ๎…ต๎…“๎…ฟ๎€ƒ๎…—๎€ƒ
๎ฆ๎ด๎Ž—๎ญ๎Žฎ๎Ž‘๎€ƒ
๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎‚ฉ๎†š๎‡ป๎†ƒ๎‚ข
O
i๎‚
B
I ๎‚
A
I
๎€‹๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ๎‚ฎ๎…ฐ๎…™๎…ช๎††H
๎€ƒ๎‚ฎ๎…ฐ๎…™๎…ช๎††A
๎€ƒ๎‚ฎ๎…ฐ๎…™๎…ช๎††B
๎‚ ๎‚ฆ๎‚ฐ๎††๎…ก๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎‚ฎ๎†ƒ๎‚ฆ๎€ƒ๎…—๎ˆ‚๎‚ฐ๎ˆœ๎€ƒ๎‚ ๎…“๎…ฌ๎…น๎€ƒ
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