! # !$ )* • + = +ω % , = − ' - # !$ • + = =' " & ω ( + % & − . = # !$ • • = ' + + % & %$ / = ='⇔ + =− + = ( ( ='⇔ + =' =' # # =' " ) " " = = "2 %1 0 3 % +ω( & =' ω " =α⋅ +β⋅ −ω ω4 + "ω4 + ϕ % 5ω = = $ + ω4 5ϕ "ω4 + ϕ " = , " =− ω = = ( ( + = = ( ( = ( ( ( ( ( ( ( = ( ( ω( !$ = ω( & "ω4 + ϕ "ω4 + ϕ = ( 4 ( ( ω( ( "ω4 + ϕ "ω4 + ϕ ω( ω( π 0ω % # % % 4 ( = ( ( ω( = ( ( ( "ω4 + ϕ = ω( × ( ( ( . ω( "("ω4 + ϕ ( − = 5 = "("ω4 + ϕ ( % " = " 0ω = "−ω4 − ϕ " −ω4 − ϕ " 0ω " % ) % % $ % )* 7 ⊥ =− " − ' ⋅ =− ⋅ = −µ ⋅ = −µ ⋅ ⋅ " + % % + + + = 0" % (λ = µ . ω '( = % + (λ ⋅ + ω '( = ' ! −µ⋅ ⇔ + =− 8 /$ % . % & + ω' = µ + =' ω' ω' = (λ µ % ⋅ + ω '( = ' 6 =' ( )* + + ='⇔ + + $ % λ= . ω' = ( = . ) " " = = 0 µ 3 9 % $ + (λ ⋅ % + ω '( ∆= λ − ω ( =' ( ' ∆ > ' "λ > ω ' 5 = −λ ± λ − ω ( 5( " = + ( ( ' ( ∆ = ' "λ = ω ' 5 ( < = = −λ " = 6 −λ 4 " ( + ∆ < ' "λ < ω ' 5 > ( ='⇔ ω' ( + + & =' ∆ = λ( − ω '( = − ω ( 5( = −λ ± " = −λ4 = −λ 4 −∆ = −λ ± ω ( "α × − ω 4 + β × ω4 + " −λ = = % ω4 ω4 "ω4 + ϕ (π ω " " + δ= =λ >> " ∆ ≈ (π % % $ % % # " −λ " = " = −λ ⋅ % %$ >> 4 % % : % & "ω4 + ϕ −λ −λ "ω4 + ϕ − = −λ " −λ "ω4 + ϕ − ω × >> ⇔ δ = λ << ⇔ λ << ω " ≈− ω −λ " = " 0 ω = − −λ 9 " . 0ω % ×ω × "ω4 + ϕ "ω4 + ϕ "ω4 + ϕ −λ "ω4 + ϕ "ω4 + ϕ % ( ρ = = θ =" 5 ( + ω = −λ " ≥' = −ω4 − ϕ 0ω / 8 % 4/ % 5 $ % % 4