THE TENSES Règles générales Tous les temps continus (être en train de) : be (au temps voulu) + verbe en ING Tous les temps perfects : have (au temps voulu) + participe passé Toutes les voix passives : be (au temps voulu) + participe passé Exemples Infinifive continous de eat Present continuous de eat Past continuous de eat Future continuous de eat Conditional continuous de eat Present perfect continuous de eat Past perfect continuous de eat Present perfect de try Past perfect de try Future perfect de try Conditional perfect de try THE IMPERATIVE ordres/invitations Open the door, will you ? Don’t forget to bring your books ! (Don’t) let’s (not) start the game now !! THE SIMPLE PRESENT !!!!! –s à la 3° personne singulier/ do-does/ Adverbes de fréquence 1/ Vérités générales/habitudes/actions répétées I don’t often work on Sundays He lives in a flat The sun rises in the East. What do you do ? Present simple passive de interview Present continuous passive de interview Past simple passive de interview Past continuous passive de interview Present perfect simple passive Future simple passive Future perfect passive Conditional simple passive Conditional perfect passive 2/ Remplace un futur quand on parle « horaire » (transports en commun/cinéma/ …) His train arrives at 8 pm tomorrow 3/ Remplace un futur simple dans une subordonnée de temps introduite par as soon as/when/before/ … My parents will buy a new car when they have enough money. As soon as I am 18, I will take my driving test. I will tell John the story when I see him. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS Now-at present-at the moment-today-this week … (for a limited period of time) 1/ indique qu’une action temporaire est en train de se dérouler What are you doing ? He is living in a flat (it’s temporary) 2/ remplace un futur pour une action arrangée, planifiée par le sujet du verbe We are going to the cinema tonight. I am spending our holidays in Greece next summer. 3/ indique qu’une habitude de qqn ennuie le speaker (avec always) He is always telling me what to do ! I am fed up. He is always complaining !! THE SIMPLE PAST !!!-ED ou verbes irréguliers/did-didn’t Last…/ …ago/ (the day before) yesterday 1/ habitudes dans le passé (adv. de fréquence) Did you sometimes go to school on foot when you were young ? 2/ action unique dans le passé et la durée n’est pas accentuée-un fait est mentionné I watched tv last night. I lived in a village when I was young. 3/ indique une action, un état imaginaire If I was rich, I would buy a new house. I wish I were a good guitar player THE PAST CONTINUOUS 1/ on insiste sur la durée d’une action passée qui était en train de se dérouler … a/ …quand une autre survint We were playing tennis when it started to rain. What were you doing when I phoned you yesterday ? b/ … à un moment précis What were you doing yesterday at 8 pm ? c/… en même temps qu’une autre (while) We were watching tv while my parents were reading last night. THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE Have/has (not) + participe passé 1/ indique une action répétée/ habituelle du passé jusqu’au présent (utilisation de since/ for ou in my life … exprimés ou sous-entendus en fonction du contexte) I have seen him several times since he had his accident I have been to Ireland many times How long have you lived in this village ? 2/a/ avec les mots suivants … ou b/ la période de temps considérée n’est pas encore du « passé ». Today/ this week … (on est toujours dans cette période, elle n’est pas encore passée) I have worked hard today I have talked to her this week Many things have happened this year (in December !) This actress has played in many movies (in her life, she is still alive) So far, in my life, it’s the first (second) time (in my life), up to now, ever, never (je vis toujours) I have visited 10 European countries (in my life, so far) I have never visited my cousins. Have you ever seen a ghost ? Recently, lately I haven’t played tennis recently Already, not yet I have already finished the job but she hasn’t started yet. Just I have just met your brother ! 3/ une action passée a des conséquences dans le présent et ce sont ces conséquences dans le présent qui sont significatives I am looking for my wallet ! I have lost it Can you see it ? It has stopped raining. We can go out now ! PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS 1/ une action a commencé dans le passé et est toujours en train de se dérouler maintenant (utilisation de since/for exprimée ou sous-entendue) I have been working hard today I have been reading for 2 hours How long have you been waiting ? The ground is wet. It’s been raining PAST PERFECT SIMPLE Had + participe passé 1/… se situe avant une action passée Before we went to the restaurant yesterday, we had been to the cinema. 2/ … voir le present perfect et transposer ces règles dans le passé When I met him yesterday, he had just finished his job. He had been a teacher since 1975 before he died PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS Be au past perfect =Had been + verbe en ing 1/… se situe avant une action passée … voir le present perfect continuous et transposer dans le passé We had been reading outside for 2 hours when it started to rain How long had you been waiting before he arrived ? When we went out last night, it had been snowing TO BE GOING TO 1/ indique l’ intention du sujet de la phrase mais les choses n’ont pas encore été planifiées, arrangées They are going to spend their holidays in Greece. What are you going to do? She explained she was going to move to another town. 2/ Qqc va se passer, c’ est clair pour le speaker en fonction des circonstances énoncées Look at the sky ! It is going to rain Please, slow down ! We are going to have an accident ! THE SIMPLE FUTURE !!! will-won’t Next…/ tomorrow/ the day after tomorrow/ in 10 years… !!! attention ! ce temps est remplacé par le présent simple dans les subordonnées temporelles (voir le présent simple) 1/ indique que qqc se passera dans le futur mais sans connotation particulière (voir la différence avec to be going to) (Utilisé dans la principale-pas be going to- quand on a une subordonnée introduite par when/ as soon as/ if…) My parents will call you when they have returned from Greece We will go to the USA next summer if it is possible Moore’s new film will be released next week 2/ on prend une décision et on l’exprime spontanément I will have a coke, please !! Don’t worry ! I will find a solution ! 3/ indique un comportement habituel chez qqn He will always try to help you. That’s like him ! He will always repeat the same things several times ! 4/ utilisé avec probably/ perhaps/ I think…/ I am sure/ It is likely that … My father will probably buy a new car He thinks he will find a solution THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS This time tomorrow I will be playing tennis THE FUTURE PERFECT By this time tomorrow I will have finished the job Attention à la subordonnée de temps! Iwill call you when I have finished the job THE CONDITIONAL SIMPLE Would-wouldn’t 1/ quand il y a condition He would be happy if you visited him 2/ indique un comportement habituel de qqn dans le passé I remember him ! He would always speak about his travels when you met him. 3/ dans le discours indirect He told me he wouldn’t come ! THE CONDITIONAL CONTINUOUS If I was not here, I would be helping my father THE CONDITIONAL PERFECT If I had known, I would have stayed there a bit longer